By P.Pranavi Beyond Night Sky. 1957TILL DATE Beyond Night Sky.
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PHONESAT By P.Pranavi Beyond Night Sky
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Transcript of By P.Pranavi Beyond Night Sky. 1957TILL DATE Beyond Night Sky.
Beyond Night Sky
PHONESAT
ByP.Pranavi
Beyond Night Sky
Era of heavy satellites
1957 TILL DATE
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But now…
Space is all ready to be invaded by microsatellites…
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Types of small satellites
Microsats
nanosats
PicosatsCubeSats
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Works done by them
These little satellites could help understand weather phenomena, gives up-to-date maps, aid disaster relief.
Small satellites have recorded data on the terrestrial and space environment near the moon and Earth.
Helped in the search for planets on other star systems.
Demonstrated various telecommunication systems that we enjoy today.
These satellites have served as test beds for the development of new space technologies, and as hands-on educational tools for countless students, scientists, and engineers.
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Over the last 50 years, more than 860 microsatellites (10–100 kg), 680 nanosatellites (1–10 kg), 38 picosatellites (0.1–1 kg) have been launched worldwide
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PhoneSAT-family of CubeSat
PhoneSat is an ongoing NASA project, part of the Small Spacecraft Technology Program, of building nanosatellites using unmodified consumer-grade off-the-shelf smartphones and
Arduino platform and launching them into Low Earth Orbit . This project was started in 2009 at NASA Ames Research Center
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So now … Android in space…
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NASA built this small satellite out of an Android phone which is the main part of the satellite and other devices like gyroscopes, magnetorquers, magnetometers etc for attitude control and orientation control of the satellite.
The functions of a PhoneSAT are as same as that of a normal satellite. It can perform all operations that a normal satellite does.
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Why PhoneSAT then?
• Small size
• Easy construction
• Less instrument requirement and low cost for development.
• Bulk production is possible which in turn helps in launching many at a time.
• Mainly it reduces space junk.
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Details…
The first three versions were named as Graham (phonesat 1.0) , Bell(modified phonesat 1.0) , Alexander(2.0 beta).
They were launched
as secondary payload on flight Antares.
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They were inserted into a nearly circular orbit at 270 km, on an inclination from the equator of 51.6 degrees.
Due to the extremely low altitude of the orbit, all three satellites are to experience rapid orbital decay and completely burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere.
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Phonesat2.4 was launched on november19th ,2013 . The construction of the PhoneSat 2.4 is similar to that of 1st three versions. But this will be at a higher altitude.
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Phonesat2.5, fifth in the series : Expected orbital life-time of up to 6 weeks. Has a higher-gain S-Band antenna, which also serves as a pathfinder for EDSN’s S-band command and telemetry architecture.
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Why only a smart phone?
The large memory, fast processors, high resolution cameras ,GPS receivers, gyroscopes and magnetometer sensors common in smart phones make them excellent tools to use in space.
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Construction…
They buy the smart phone off the shelf ,much like the one in your pocket or purse, they take it apart and repackage it to fit in the cube sat form and work in space.
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Framing: The phone is fit into a frame called pumpkin frame to provide space qualified structure.
UHF beacon Radio-transmits either health or a picture every 30 seconds at 437.425MHz.
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Other components used
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Magnetometers: They are used to measure the magnetic field strength at a particular point in space.
Magnetorquers : They are used in place of thrusters. For big orientations control.
Gyroscope: It is basically used to control the attitude of the satellite.
Reaction wheels: They are used when we need to rotate the satellite in small angles.like to point a star through the telescope available.
Sun sensors: Used as power source.
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Then required software will be installed…
WatchDog Board :
Separate Aurdino microcontroller watches the health of the phone and beacon radio and has the ability to either reset (or) turnoff either of the components when any anomalies are detected.
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The first two versions used
only the phone’s
battery as a power source but 3rd version has got solar
panels implanted on
all sides of the cube
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The final CubeSat….
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The 1st three versions of phoneSAT
Alexander(2.0 beta) Graham (1.0) Bell(modified 1.0)
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phoneSAT 1.0
PhoneSat 1.0 uses a Nexus One smart phone (HTC) as the onboard computer running the Android 2.3.3 operating system.
This version has no solar panels and runs from energy stored in 12 Li-Ion batteries.
Graham is the basic PhoneSat 1.0 model.
Bell is a PhoneSat 1.0 model with an Iridium transceiver mounted at one end.
The basic mission goal of PhoneSat 1.0 was to stay alive in space for a short period of time, sending back digital imagery of Earth and space via its camera, while also sending back information about the satellite's health.
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phoneSAT 2.0 PhoneSat 2.0 is built with a Nexus S smartphone (
Samsung), running the Android 2.3.3 operating system.
There is a two-way S-band radio added by engineers to communicate with Earth.
4 Li-Ion batteries, solar panels to recharge the batteries.
A GPS receiver.
To control satellite orientation, several magnetorquer coils and reaction wheels were added.
Alexander is also known as PhoneSat 2.0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a.
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Phonesat 2.4
PhoneSat 2.4 is similar to that of 1st three versions. But this will be at a higher altitude.
Stay in space for a couple of years before reentering.
So we’ll be able to start collecting data on the radiation effects on the satellite and see if we run into anything that causes problems.
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Phonesat2.5
PhoneSat 2.5 has three primary objectives:
Determine if a low-cost commercially available attitude determination and control system (ADCS) can work adequately in space.
Verify if Google’s Android processor can support space-based communications systems.
Expected orbital life-time is up to 6 weeks
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Weight of satellites is maximum 2kg.Cost for development is maximum of 7000USD .
Lifetime of PhoneSATs 1.0, modified1.0, 2.0beta is 10 days.They live on the phone’s battery for 3 days and on the solar panels for 7 days .As mentioned before they get burnt up due to heavy orbital decay after its lifetime.
Orbital lifetime of phoneSAT 2.4 is expected to be one year.
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Images sent by Alexander, Graham , Bell
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Questions?
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Thank you
