By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor...
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Transcript of By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor...
CIVILIZATIONS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY:
COMPARING CHINA AND EUROPE
By: Philip von Feilitzsch
CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning
Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia of 11,000
volumes Relocated capital to Beijing Ordered construction of the Forbidden City,
Temple of Heaven
CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
Political Reestablished the civil service examination
system Power centered on Emperor
And high ranking eunichs personally loyal to the emperor
Eunichs were despised
CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
Revitalized economy Replanted billions of
trees Repaired the million
of acres of former cultivated lands, rebuilt canals, reservoirs, and irrigation
Revitalized economy Began extensive
maritime expeditions
CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
Expeditions Since 11th Century Chinese Sailors/Traders were a large
presence in the South China Sea Emperor Yongle sent 300 ships in 1405 to expand Chinese
power and control over foreign trade Captained by Zheng He
PRIMARY SOURCE
“The Emperor, approving of their loyalty and sincerity, has ordered us (Zheng) He and others at the head of several tens of thousands of officers and flag-troops to ascend more than one hundred large ships to go and confer presents on them in order to make manifest the transforming power of the (imperial) virtue and to treat distant people with kindness.” (Zheng He’s Inscription)
CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)
Death of Emperor Yongle 1424 After 1433 expeditions stopped and the Chinese
fleet detiorated. Chinese did not pursue large-scale maritime
empire No religious impulse to convert foreigners Idea of Middle Kingdom
EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL
Renaissance time period Regrew population in second half of 15th Century Many states Spain, Portugal, France, England, city
states Milan, Venice and Florence taxed their population more efficiently and created more effective administrative structures raised standing armies
Russian state emerged
EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL
France fought Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) against England
Renaissance began and Classical Greek works and tradition gained prominence
Well known figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Niccolo Michiavelli show this progress
EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL
European Voyages Portugal began expeditions in 1415
Down the African Coast 1492 Columbus
Americas 1497 Vasco de Gama
To India (Calicut)
GUNPOWDER (CHINA)
Discovered earliest 8th century Supposed to be a
potion for immortality Not widely used for
war in China until 10th century Used more for fireworks China in a relative time
of peace Full potential not
realized
GUNPOWDER EUROPE
Introduced in 1225 through the silk road
Refined by late 13th century 1353 first european
cannon Reintroduced to
China in 1520
SUMMARY
China: Focused on
Domestic issues Did not pursue
maritime empire Idea of Middle
Kingdom Peace
Fairly peaceful during dynasties
Very Centralized Essentially one large
state
Europe Focused on
Exploration/ Rest of the world
Pursued maritime empire
War Exponential progress in
war technology Fragmented
Hundreds of different kingdoms etc…
DISCUSSION
Did the discontinuation of the Chinese Maritime voyages eventually cause its later lag behind in terms of development. Think about European history.
BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.kwanfamily.info/culture/exam.php http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/whic/ReferenceDetailsPage/ReferenceDetailsWindow?zid=f19ff0f8948a83f
b92a40f3b6dea2aad&action=2&catId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3035200083&userGroupName=seat24826&jsid=fa127fa6f6162ef00d7b4f37c23f4c3f
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/hundred_years_war.htm http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/religion/dws-t-is-one-Confucianism.jpg http://www.alrahalah.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/voyages-of-zheng-he-map-06-04.jpg http://jakartaexpat.biz/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/Zheng-He.jpg http://www.jamboree.freedom-in-education.co.uk/images/history/yongle.gif http://www.imperialchina.org/fresian_ming.gif http://www.wwnorton.com/college/history/ralph/ralimage/map29ita.jpg http://www.chinatownconnection.com/images/beauty.gif http://apwhod2011.pbworks.com/f/1306449960/ZhengHeShip.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-nZo1xqrWnFw/UHcA1HPPfUI/AAAAAAAAA4Q/PHYe8W4A8_Q/s1600/83101
273.QMYCTn0g.MelakaFeb07547.jpg http://www.hist.umn.edu/hist1012/primarysource/source.htm http://www.milestonedocuments.com/documents/view/zheng-he-inscription-to-the-goddess-the-cele
stial-spouse/text https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&ved=0CGYQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mendhamboro.org%2Fcms%2Flib02%2FNJ01000391%2FCentricity%2FModuleInstance%2F681%2FZheng%2520He%2520reading.doc&ei=oi8PUdqkOrOz0QGJ9IGoAg&usg=AFQjCNHFJDkcJoAHgYIvukp7b2lAw9dgNw&sig2=PNzPgz1odb8Jhtt-Ay7YXA&bvm=bv.41867550,d.dmQ&cad=rja
http://fourriverscharter.org/projects/Inventions/pages/china_gunpowder.htm
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://gokatayama.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/forbidden-city-1-of-1.jpg?w=950&h=630
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_XJDCOO_PcIc/TLtpKDGlUPI/AAAAAAAADsc/bGiticyX8r8/s1600/Chinese+farming+village.jpg
http://www.basicrps.com/chine/histoire/china.htm http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/chinawh/web/help/readings.html http://www.learn.columbia.edu/medmil/images/non_met_images/maps/OtherMaps/17
50/map_eccles_org.jpg http://history.cultural-china.com/en/60History6314.html http://history.cultural-china.com/chinaWH/images/arbigimages/e0ac4c3883a0d0b69
5fac7f65468c9b5.jpg http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/tech/cannon.htm http://wikis.lib.ncsu.edu/index.php/Chinese_Development_of_Gunpowder_-_Thomas_
Langworthy http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_26504.htm
BIBILIOGRAPHY
http://www.monkeytree.org/silkroad/gunpowder/europe.html
WORKS CITED
"Zheng He's Inscription." Primary Source: Zheng He Inscription. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.