By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor...

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CIVILIZATIONS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY: COMPARING CHINA AND EUROPE By: Philip von Feilitzsch

Transcript of By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor...

Page 1: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

CIVILIZATIONS OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY:

COMPARING CHINA AND EUROPE

By: Philip von Feilitzsch

Page 2: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning

Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia of 11,000

volumes Relocated capital to Beijing Ordered construction of the Forbidden City,

Temple of Heaven

Page 3: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Political Reestablished the civil service examination

system Power centered on Emperor

And high ranking eunichs personally loyal to the emperor

Eunichs were despised

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CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Revitalized economy Replanted billions of

trees Repaired the million

of acres of former cultivated lands, rebuilt canals, reservoirs, and irrigation

Revitalized economy Began extensive

maritime expeditions

Page 5: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Expeditions Since 11th Century Chinese Sailors/Traders were a large

presence in the South China Sea Emperor Yongle sent 300 ships in 1405 to expand Chinese

power and control over foreign trade Captained by Zheng He

Page 6: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

PRIMARY SOURCE

“The Emperor, approving of their loyalty and sincerity, has ordered us (Zheng) He and others at the head of several tens of thousands of officers and flag-troops to ascend more than one hundred large ships to go and confer presents on them in order to make manifest the transforming power of the (imperial) virtue and to treat distant people with kindness.” (Zheng He’s Inscription)

Page 7: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.
Page 8: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.
Page 9: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.
Page 10: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

CHINA: MING DYNASTY (1368-1644)

Death of Emperor Yongle 1424 After 1433 expeditions stopped and the Chinese

fleet detiorated. Chinese did not pursue large-scale maritime

empire No religious impulse to convert foreigners Idea of Middle Kingdom

Page 11: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL

Renaissance time period Regrew population in second half of 15th Century Many states Spain, Portugal, France, England, city

states Milan, Venice and Florence taxed their population more efficiently and created more effective administrative structures raised standing armies

Russian state emerged

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EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL

France fought Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) against England

Renaissance began and Classical Greek works and tradition gained prominence

Well known figures such as Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael and Niccolo Michiavelli show this progress

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EUROPE: STATE BUILIDNG/CULTURAL RENEWAL

European Voyages Portugal began expeditions in 1415

Down the African Coast 1492 Columbus

Americas 1497 Vasco de Gama

To India (Calicut)

Page 14: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

GUNPOWDER (CHINA)

Discovered earliest 8th century Supposed to be a

potion for immortality Not widely used for

war in China until 10th century Used more for fireworks China in a relative time

of peace Full potential not

realized

Page 15: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

GUNPOWDER EUROPE

Introduced in 1225 through the silk road

Refined by late 13th century 1353 first european

cannon Reintroduced to

China in 1520

Page 16: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

SUMMARY

China: Focused on

Domestic issues Did not pursue

maritime empire Idea of Middle

Kingdom Peace

Fairly peaceful during dynasties

Very Centralized Essentially one large

state

Europe Focused on

Exploration/ Rest of the world

Pursued maritime empire

War Exponential progress in

war technology Fragmented

Hundreds of different kingdoms etc…

Page 17: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

DISCUSSION

Did the discontinuation of the Chinese Maritime voyages eventually cause its later lag behind in terms of development. Think about European history.

Page 18: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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Page 20: By: Philip von Feilitzsch. Revival of old cultural identity Promotion of Confucian learning Emperor Yongle (Zhu Di) Ruled: 1402-1422) Sponsored Encyclopedia.

BIBILIOGRAPHY

http://www.monkeytree.org/silkroad/gunpowder/europe.html

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WORKS CITED

"Zheng He's Inscription." Primary Source: Zheng He Inscription. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Feb. 2013.