ByByNicole , Bhumika, Natasha , Niharika, Nicole , Bhumika, Natasha , Niharika,

Mark, Ronak Mark, Ronak Group 6Group 6Grade 6Grade 6

Vidya Niketan SchoolVidya Niketan School

History of Negative numbersHistory of Negative numbers

In the 16In the 16thth century Girolamo Cardanon, a century Girolamo Cardanon, a famous Italian mathematician and famous Italian mathematician and physician, for the first time described physician, for the first time described negative numbers as fictitious and negative numbers as fictitious and accepted the possibility of them being the accepted the possibility of them being the solutions to equations. solutions to equations.

He described this in his famous book ‘Ars He described this in his famous book ‘Ars Magnia’ which was published in 1545. Magnia’ which was published in 1545.

Rules that exist for performing Rules that exist for performing operations with integersoperations with integers

Addition and subtraction rulesAddition and subtraction rules

Same sign keep and addSame sign keep and add

Different signs, subtractDifferent signs, subtract

Take the sign of the bigger absolute valueTake the sign of the bigger absolute value

Then you will be exact ! Then you will be exact !

Multiplication and division rulesMultiplication and division rules

SPON works !SPON works !

S = same signs P = positiveS = same signs P = positive

O = opposite signs N = negativeO = opposite signs N = negative

Same signs positive , opposite signs Same signs positive , opposite signs negativenegative

Integers in sportsIntegers in sports Integers are used in many indoor and outdoor games.Integers are used in many indoor and outdoor games.

Here is an example:Here is an example:

Gita is leading by 8 points.Gita is leading by 8 points.

The board game is coming to an end.The board game is coming to an end.

Rohit asks a question.Rohit asks a question.

Gita answers it correctly and she gets Gita answers it correctly and she gets +1+1!!

While Gita is taking a break, the score keeper While Gita is taking a break, the score keeper catches Rohit cheating.catches Rohit cheating.

Rohit gets Rohit gets -1-1..

In hockey,In hockey, Team Fireball scores a goal!Team Fireball scores a goal! They get They get +1+1 so Team Dragon gets so Team Dragon gets -1-1.. Now Team Fireball gets Now Team Fireball gets -1-1 as Team Dragon as Team Dragon

scores a goal scores a goal +1+1..

Integers in weather and distanceIntegers in weather and distance

Weather Weather

when the temperature is above 0,it is when the temperature is above 0,it is represented by represented by + sign+ sign..

when the temperature is below 0,it is when the temperature is below 0,it is represented by represented by – sign– sign..

Temperature at different placesTemperature at different places

TimeTime WalesWales EgyptEgypt Ice LandIce Land AntarcticAntarctic

dayday cc 4141cc 1414cc -5-5cc

nightnight 1616cc 2323cc 1212cc -40-40cc

Directed numbersDirected numbers

Many of the numbers we use represent situations Many of the numbers we use represent situations which have directions.which have directions.

These numbers are called directed numbers.These numbers are called directed numbers.

Once a number is chosen as positive(+), the Once a number is chosen as positive(+), the opposite is chosen as negative(-).opposite is chosen as negative(-).

Directed numbers are used in Mathematics, Directed numbers are used in Mathematics, engineering, business , and sciences.engineering, business , and sciences.

If a directed number is a whole number , it is called If a directed number is a whole number , it is called an integer.an integer.

If 40km due East = +40If 40km due East = +40

40km due west = -4040km due west = -40

30m above sea level= +3030m above sea level= +30

30m below sea level= -3030m below sea level= -30

29m due North= +29 29m due North= +29

29m due south= -29 29m due south= -29

BudgetingBudgeting If the budget exceeds a certain If the budget exceeds a certain

amount then it is negativeamount then it is negative(-)(-)..

If costs are within the budget, then If costs are within the budget, then it is positiveit is positive(+)(+)..

Katy’s parents have given her a budget Katy’s parents have given her a budget of Rs. 50.of Rs. 50.

Katy happily picks many dresses .While Katy happily picks many dresses .While she is at the counter she realizes that she she is at the counter she realizes that she had exceeded her budget by Rs.20 had exceeded her budget by Rs.20 represented by represented by (-20) .(-20) .So she had to return So she had to return few dresses.few dresses.

For example:For example:

Katy’s shopping experienceKaty’s shopping experience

Learning ExperienceLearning Experience

We have learnt integers in a very fun and We have learnt integers in a very fun and interesting manner.interesting manner.

The teacher has taught us to use integers in our The teacher has taught us to use integers in our day to day life, through many activities .day to day life, through many activities .

We learnt integers with visuals and through a We learnt integers with visuals and through a rhyme, which makes it interesting and easy to rhyme, which makes it interesting and easy to use.use.

We wrote down what we wanted to learn and We wrote down what we wanted to learn and what we learnt and what we know through a what we learnt and what we know through a KWL chartKWL chart..

CitationsCitations

www.mathematics.comwww.mathematics.com www.wikepedia.orgwww.wikepedia.org www.negativeintegers.com www.negativeintegers.com www.mathemagic.comwww.mathemagic.com www.mathematicsforkids.com www.mathematicsforkids.com www.sportsintegers.comwww.sportsintegers.com

AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

We would like to thank you all for We would like to thank you all for watching our presentation.watching our presentation.

We would also like to thank Bhagya We would also like to thank Bhagya ma’am for giving us this ma’am for giving us this opportunity . opportunity .