By: Mrs. H. Thomas

*Poetry

* Types of Poems

*Narrative

*Ballad

*Didactic

*Elegy

*Epic

*Lyric

*Ode

*Narrative

*Non – Dramatic poem which tells a story, whether simple or complex, long or short.

*Ballad

*Narrative poem composed of quatrains. (May use refrains).

*Didactic

*A poem that teaches a lesson.

*Elegy

*A sustained and formal poem that discusses the author’s feelings on the death of another.

*Epic

*Long, narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero.

*Usually chronicle the origins of a civilization and embody its central values.

*Lyric

*Short poem with a single speaker who shares thoughts or feelings.

*Ode

*A long, stately poem in stanzas of varied length, meter, and form.

*Usually discusses an exalted subject.

*Number of Lines

* Couplet

* Tercet

* Quatrain

* Sestet

* Octave

* Sonnet

*Couplet

*2 Lines of Successive Rhyme

*Ex) I go to school every day.

Afterward, I go play.

*Tercet

*3 Line Stanza

*Ex) He had seen a lot of gloom.

He chose to stay in his room,

where he would never bloom.

*Quatrain

*4 Line Stanza

*Ex) There once was a kid who stared at the clock

Waiting for school to be out.

And when it did he would shout

As he ran home around the block.

*Sestet

*6 Line Stanza

*Ex) The sun was shining on the sea,

Shining with all his might;

He did his very best to make

The billows smooth and bright—

And this was odd, because it was

The middle of the night.

*Octave

*8 Line Stanza

O CAPTAIN! My Captain! Out fearful trip is done;

The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize we sought is won;

The port is near, the balls I hear, the people all exulting:

While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring:

But O heart! heart! Heart!

O the bleeding drops of red,

Where on the deck my Capatin lies,

Fallen cold and dead.

*Sonnet

*14 Line Poem

*Structure

*Structure

*Diction

*Enjambment

*Stanza

*Refrain

*Syntax

*Tone

*Theme

*Structure

*Arrangement of materials within a work.

*Diction

*The use of words in a literary work.*Levels of Diction*Formal or High – Proper, elevated, elaborate, and often polysyllabic language.

*Neutral or Middle – Correct language characterized by directness and simplicity

*Informal or Low - Relaxed, conversational, and familiar language.

*Enjambment

*A line having no end punctuation but running to the next line.

*Ex) We real cool. We

Left school.

*Stanza

*Usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme.

*Refrain

*Group of words forming a phrase or sentence and consisting of one or more lines repeated at intervals in a poem, usually at the end of a stanza.

*Syntax

*Ordering of words into patterns or sentences.

*Sometimes, poets change the usual word order of a sentence to change the emphasis.

*Tone

*Manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude.

*Created through the use of adjectives.

*Theme

*The main thought expressed by a work.

*Sound Devices

* Rhyme

* Alliteration

* Assonance

* Consonance

*Onomatopoeia

*Rhyme

*Repetition of identical concluding syllables in different words.

*Usually at the end of a line.

*Alliteration

*Repetition of identical consonant sounds.

*Usually at the beginning of words and in close proximity.

*Assonance Vs. Consonance

*Assonance - Repetition of identical vowel sounds in different words in close proximity.*Ex) deep green sea

*Consonance – Partial or total repetition of consonants in words whose main vowels differ.*Ex) shadow and meadow; pressed and passed

*Onomatopoeia

*Blending of consonant and vowel sounds designed to imitate or suggest the activity being described.

* Rhyme Scheme

*Rhyme

*Rhythm

*Meter

*Free verse

*Heroic couplet

*Eye rhyme

*End stopped

*Blank verse

*Internal rhyme

*Rhythm

*Recurrence of stressed and unstressed syllables.

*Meter

*Repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a line of poetry.

*Emphasizes the musical quality of the language and relates directly to the subject matter of the poem.

*Free Verse

*Poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical.

*Heroic Couplet

*Two end-stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc.

*The thought is usually completed in two lines.

Example:

The man who watched the sheep,

Would not let them sleep.

*Eye Rhyme

*Rhyme that appears correct from spelling, but does not rhyme from the pronunciation.

Example:match and watch

love and move

*End Stopped

*Line ending in a full pause, usually indicated with proper punctuation.

Example:

Oh, I kept the first for another day!

*Blank Verse

*Unrhymed lines of poetry.

*Internal Rhyme

*Rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end.

Example:Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,

* Figures of Speech

*Allusion

*Antithesis

*Metaphor

*Irony

*Similie

*Hyperbole

*Imagery

*Oxymoron

*Personification

*Satire

*Allusion

*Reference in a work of literature to something outside the work, especially to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work.

*Antithesis

*Figure of speech characterized by strongly contrasting words, clauses, sentences, or ideas.

Example:

The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,

And wretches hang that jury-men may dine.

*Metaphor

*Comparing two things without using ‘like,’ ‘as,’ or ‘than.’

*Irony

*Contrast between actual meaning and the suggestion of another meaning.

*Sarcasm

*Similie

*Comparing two things using ‘like,’ ‘as,’ or ‘than.’

*Hyperbole

*Deliberate, extravagant, and often outrageous exaggeration.

*Imagery

*Images of a literary work created through the sensory details in a work.

*Oxymoron

*Form of paradox that combines a pair of contrary terms into a single expression.

Example:

‘sad joy’

*Personification

*Wording that gives inanimate objects or abstract ideas human characteristics.

Example:

The sun was smiling down on them.

*Satire

*Writing that seeks to arouse a reader’s disapproval of an object by ridicule.