Legal, Social, and Ethical Issues in Education

By: Katie VelenciaEDUC 318Computers in Education

Ethical Issues for Safety and Security

Safety should be a primary concern for educators when using technology in the classroom.

Schools policies must ensure that students have access too and are viewing information appropriate for education.

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Ethical Issues for Safety and

Security

Social Networking

Acceptable use of Policies

Netiquette

Cyber Bullying

Student Data

Internet Privacy

Social Networking

Users may create a profile page to display personal information.

Communicate with peers using the internet

Promotes collaboration with peers and colleges .

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Acceptable Use Policies

Mandatory school guidelines for proper use of technology Acceptable Use Policies (AUP)▪ Agreement of terms and conditions for using

technology during school hours must be signed by students, caregiver, and teacher (Virginia Department of Educuation,2010).

All school personal and students must monitor use of technology for: Appropriateness Ethics Safety Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Netiquette

Rules of acceptable behavior for social networking purposes

Respect Anything on the internet is fair game

to the public. If you do not want certain people to

know something, do not post it anywhere on the Internet.

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Cyber Bullying

Repeated harassment online Increasing popularity

Bullies feel they can harass others online because they are less likely to be caught.

Do not need to see their victim face to face▪ Easier

• Parents and teachers: Monitor child’s Internet usage and check for bullying.

National Public Radio Broadcast

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Student Data

Privacy Students, Parents, Teachers,

Administrators All Student’s records are confidential

Keep records protected unless it is being shared with professionals for educational purposes.

Keep computer security systems up to date to prevent online hackers.Ethical issues for

Safety and Security

Internet Privacy

Never share passwords. At home and School: Block

inappropriate websites for students. View privacy statements on websites

to make sure you do not provide too much personal information, or information that you do not intend to share with the public.

Keep your eyes open for the “seal of approval.”

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Suggestions for the Educator: Never leave students unattended when using

technology; especially the Internet. Administration should block inappropriate websites. Schools web use policies should be visible and known

to all students. Inform students of the crime of cyber bulling.

Make them aware of its existence and harmful affects. As the adult, be aware of the signs of students who are

victims and signs of bullies. Keep a log of each students computer use.

Refer to it if issues arise Update the web security system to prevent hackers.

Ethical issues for Safety and Security

Digital Divide

The gap between those who have and do not have access to technology and its

tools.

“Being disconnected in the Information Age is not like being deprived of a Mercedes or

some other luxury. [It] means being disconnected from the economy and

democratic debate” –Mark Lloyd, Executive Director of the Civil Rights Forum on

Communications Policy(Dickard, 2002).Digital Divide

Digital Divide

Race

Gender

Socio Economics

Resource Equity

Teacher Bias

Race

Asians Highest rates of computer ownership and Internet

access. Most affected

Blacks and Hispanics▪ Households are 40% less likely to have Internet than White

households ( Carlin, 2000). Native Americans▪ 25% of homes on a Navajo Reservation in New Mexico

have phone service (Carlin, 2000).▪ “At the highest incomes ($75,000+), the White/Black

divides for computer ownership decreased by 76.2% between 1994 and 1998” (Racial Divide continues to Grow, 1999). Digital Divide

Gender

• Women tend to use the Internet for communication purposes as oppose to men who use the computer for task oriented processes (Kennedy, 2003).

• Men spend more time online than woman.• Girls tend to find programming tedious

and computer games repetitive (Starr, 2000).▪ View computer careers as boring and

uninspiringDigital Divide

Undo the Gender Stereotyping

Integrate technology in various ways:▪ Interpreting information ▪Design concepts ▪Multimedia presentations▪Communication▪Word Processing

Encourage girls to think of themselves as designers (Starr, 2000). Digital Divid

e

Socio Economics

25% of America’s poorest households are online vs. 80% of homes earning over $75,000 that are online (Dickard, 2002).

30% of youth from low income households use computers at home vs. 90% of youth from high income households who use computers at home (Dickard, 2002).

Low SES Use public libraries or facilities Time constraint on use▪ Less time to explore and fully complete assignmentsWatch this for more information:How does income affect the digital divide? Digital Divide

Low SES students fall behind… High poverty areas

Teachers are less likely to assign students multimedia presentations or assignments that require internet research.

• Students without computers in the home can not practice skills learned in school outside of school.

“Students with limited technology resources miss out on opportunities to use the Internet as a virtual tutor or study group, as a guidance counselor, or as a notebook to store notes and resources for future reference”(Celano, 2010).Digital Divid

e

Resource Equity

School systems may lack interest in technology.

Counties with higher income households and higher taxes have more funding for technologies in schools. Baltimore City: Lower income households,

but less funding available for schools. Howard County: Higher income households

and higher taxes, but more funding for better quality technology in schools.

Digital Divide

Teacher Bias

Properly trained educators Use technology for success in the

classroom Teachers are set in traditional

methods of instruction. Not provided with training Teachers may view technology as

negative and not an assistive tool.

Digital Divide

Make Technology Positive!

All schools: train teachers to properly use technology and software for classroom instruction

Internet is not just a research library. Showcase its dynamic and integrative

aspects Train teachers to have a positive

outlook on technology integration. Transfers to students

Digital Divide

Closing the Gap

Community technology access centers Search for and take advantage of free

computer giveaways. Opportunities available to households and schools

Use multi racial and gender grouping in classroom.

Assessment tools to evaluate a student’s work not solely based on ability to use technology (Starr, 2000). Evaluate: Critical thinking skills Problem solving strategies Digital Divide

Legal Use of Digital Media

Altering and/or plagiarizing copyrighted material is a criminal act.

In your classroom, you must be aware of laws for copyrighting and consider them when using digital and non-digital sources from the Internet.

Be aware of alterations you make to a published work. The original work must be cited.

Legal Use of Digital Media

Legal Use of Digital

Media

Copyright

Fair UseCreative Commons

Copyright

Laws easily violated (Johnson & Simpson, 2005).

Unclear copyright laws Teachers and administrators can mistakenly

misunderstand copy right laws.• Why are Laws beneficial? ▪ Teacher s and students can create and control works

that they produce.▪ Schools should support use of published software.▪ Company profits financially

Improve and update software for education purposes (Johnson & Simpson, 2005) Legal Use of

Digital Media

Fair Use

Four Laws:I. Purpose and Character of Use

I. Is use of product for nonprofit education purposes or commercial nature?

II. Nature of Copyrighted workIII. Amount and substantiality of the

copyrighted work that is used in proportion to the whole size.

IV. The effect of the use on the market for the value of the copyrighted work.

Legal Use of Digital Media

Creative Commons

A non profit organization providing a wealth of creative and educational materials free to share and re-use by educators and students. Users can share, remix, and use published work

commercially. Global collaboration and sharing Enhancing learning and inspiring creativity with

technology. Transformative Factor: Make sure you are altering the

work to create a new project. Nature of Copyrighted work: A violation of the law is

of less consequence if the work is unpublished because the author can change its appearance. Legal Use of Digit

al Media

Types of Licenses OfferedAuthors of works choose from six licenses that are under four main

categories:

1. Attribution1. Allows others to copy, distribute, display, and perform the copy written

work and derivatives of work if given credit how the author asks.2. Share Alike

1. Author allows others to distribute other works and derivatives of the work under a license that is the same as the license they have placed on their work.

3. Non-commercial1. Author allows others to copy, distribute, and display, and perform their work and derivatives of the work for non-commercial purposes only.

4. No Derivative1. Allow others to copy, distribute, display, and perform only verbatim copies of the work, not derivative works based on the original.

How does this relate to use in the classroom? ▪ Amount and Substantiality Taken▪ It is always better to use less of a work.▪ If the majority of the piece of work is used, it is more likely to violate fair use laws

because it will be easily recognized by the author. Legal Use of Digital Media

What is the effect of use on the potential market?

licenses are non-exclusive Author’s of works can still make a profit. Author is not tied down to only make

their content available under a Creative Commons license (Frequently asked Questions).

▪ Can publish work under other revenue-generating licenses▪ The author of work decides if they want to

make the piece commercial.▪ If others want to use derivatives of work for financial

gain, they must have your permission. Legal Use of Digital Media

Keep all Digital Uses Legal Teach students to properly cite material that is not their

own. Inform them of the significance of the crime of plagiarizing. Explain the Fair Use Laws to the students.

Display a poster in the room for students to use a reference.

• Encourage use of work and media that is copyrighted under the creative commons.▪ Works available on Google, CCMixter, flickr, Public

Library of Science (Who uses CC?)

▪ Make sure as the educator you are aware of the types of Creative Commons licenses and what they mean as far as making derivatives of work and citing the originals.▪ Inform your students this work still must be cited even

though it is free to use!Legal Use of Digital Media

References

Block, Melissa. (2010, Sept. 30). The Rise in Cyber Bullying. National Public Radio podcast. Podcast retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130247610.

Carlin-Steele, S. (2000). Caught in the Digital Divide. Retrieved from http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech041.shtml Celano, Donna (2010). Roadblocks on the Information Highway. Educational Leadership,68(3). Retrieved from

http://content.ebscohost.com/. Dickard, N. & Schneider D. (2002). The Digital Divide: Where We Are. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/digital-divide-where-we-are-

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Schumacher, B. (2008). Digital Divide. You Tube. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zl6k8bBCaoI. Starr, L. (2000). Educating Girls in the tech age: A Report on Equity. Retrieved from

http://www.educationworld.com/a_tech/tech/tech028.shtml. Sullivan, B. (2002). Netiquette. Computerworld, 36(10). Retrieved from http://researchport.umd.edu. What is CC? Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/about/what-is-cc Who uses CC? Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/about/who-uses-cc. (2010). Acceptable Use Policies: A Handbook.  Retrieved from

http://www.doe.virginia.gov/support/safety_crisis_management/internet_safety/acceptable_use_policy.shtml. (2009). Children’s Online Privacy: A Resource Guide for Parents. Privacy Rights Clearinghouse. Retrieved from http:/www.privacyrights.org . (2010). Facebook. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/companies/facebook_inc/index.html?

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(2007). Measuring Fair Use: The Four Factors.SULAIR. Retrieved from http://fairuse.stanford.edu/. (2010). Protecting Student Rights in Schools. Ohio State University of Social Work 4(1). Retrieved from

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