By Hans Chr Soerensen, PhD, Vice Presidentarchive.northsearegion.eu/files/user/File/IVB...
Transcript of By Hans Chr Soerensen, PhD, Vice Presidentarchive.northsearegion.eu/files/user/File/IVB...
Ocean EnergyOcean EnergyBy Hans Chr Soerensen, PhD, Vice President
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Middelgrunden 40 MW last project H. C. Sørensen
North Sea Region ProgrammeNorth Sea Region Programme
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Relations to two IEE programmeRelations to two IEE programme
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Wave Energy Planning and Marketing
SPatial Deployment of offshore WIND Energy in Europe
Windspeed
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Ocean Energy PotentialOcean Energy Potential
Worlds electricity consumption 16,000 TWh/year Worlds electricity consumption 16,000 TWh/year
•• The theoretical global resource is estimated The theoretical global resource is estimated to be in the order of:to be in the order of:–– 8,000 8,000 -- 80,000 TWh/year for wave energy;80,000 TWh/year for wave energy;–– 800 TWh/year for tidal current energy;800 TWh/year for tidal current energy;–– 2,000 TWh/year for salinity gradient energy; 2,000 TWh/year for salinity gradient energy; –– 10,000 TWh/year for ocean thermal energy10,000 TWh/year for ocean thermal energy
Source: EC SET plan, World Energy Council
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• Oceans cover 3/4 of earth’s surface
• 0.1% ocean renewable energy is equivalent to 5 times world demand
• 50% of the worlds electricity consumption can be covered by wave energy
Wind
generation
Wave propagation
Wind-Sea interaction under the influence of
gravity
Seabed Source: EC Wave Net 2002 and World Energy Council
The origin of Ocean Wave EnergyThe origin of Ocean Wave Energy
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Seawave SlotSeawave Slot--Cone generator, NorwayCone generator, Norway
Technology maturityTechnology maturity
•• The state of the art of ocean energy sectorThe state of the art of ocean energy sector–– Has matured significantly over the last 5 yearsHas matured significantly over the last 5 years–– Stage of Development Stage of Development -- Early CommercializationEarly Commercialization
•• A number of large scale test installations are either A number of large scale test installations are either developed or under development todaydeveloped or under development today
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Wave Energy Conversion TechniquesWave Energy Conversion Techniques
Buoy
Seabed
Wave Direction
Heaving Devices
Air Column
Wells Turbine
Seabed
Concrete Structure
Air Flow
Generator
Wave Direction
Oscillating Water Column
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State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo
OceanLynx, AustraliaOceanLynx, Australia2004, 450 kW2004, 450 kW
Power Buoy, USAPower Buoy, USA2005, 40kW2005, 40kW
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PICO Plant, PortugalPICO Plant, Portugal1999, 400kW1999, 400kW
LIMPET, Wavegen, UKLIMPET, Wavegen, UK2000, 500kW2000, 500kW
State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo
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Wave Energy Conversion TechniquesWave Energy Conversion Techniques
Buoyant segments
Seabed
Wave Direction
Pitching Devices
Pelamis, Ocean Power Delivery Ltd (OPD), ScotlandTank tests in small scales (1:80, 1:35, 1:20)Open sea tests 1:7 (2001), 1:1 (2004), 750 kW schemeNorth Sea Region ProgrammeNorth Sea Region Programme
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Wavebob, IrelandWavebob, Ireland2006, 200kW2006, 200kW
State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo
Wave Roller, FinlandWave Roller, Finland2006, 13 kW2006, 13 kW
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Pelamis, UKPelamis, UK2005, 750kW2005, 750kW
AquaBuoy, USAAquaBuoy, USA2007, 200kW2007, 200kW
State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo
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AWS, PortugalAWS, Portugal2001, 2MW2001, 2MW
WaveDragon, DenmarkWaveDragon, Denmark2003, 20kW2003, 20kW
State of the Art State of the Art -- Large Scale DemoLarge Scale Demo
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Wave energy resource
• Annual average energy flux in MW per km of wave crest in the deep ocean
Wave Energy Centre
7700
4030
40
2040 5040
3020
60
60 40
20
2030
5070
2040
100
1530 2020
10
20
30
10
30
2020
70
20
30
Waves are easy to forecast (6 days)Sea states are very stable
•“Easy” integration in the electrical gridHigh energy density per m2
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US potentialUS potential
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Tidal Tidal Conversion TechniquesConversion Techniques
240 MW La Range, France 1966
100 MW China and 20 MW Canada
Marine Current Turbine, UKCornwall, 2003
Potential DTI, UK, 2004
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Tidal Tidal Conversion TechniquesConversion Techniques
Stingray, UK 2004
Hammerfest, Norway, 2004
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Tidal range in metersTidal range in meters
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OTEC ThermalOTEC Thermal
Between + 10 0
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210 kW test plant Hawaii210 kW test plant Hawaii
1993-1998, source Vega
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Where are we today?Where are we today?
•• Wave energy (grid connected):Wave energy (grid connected):–– 0.4 MW and 0.5 MW OWC at the coast Pico and Islay0.4 MW and 0.5 MW OWC at the coast Pico and Islay–– 0.2 MW Finavera at the coast of Oregon, US 0.2 MW Finavera at the coast of Oregon, US –– 2.25 MW Pelamis of Portugal coast by 20082.25 MW Pelamis of Portugal coast by 2008–– 7 MW Wave Dragon of Wales coast by 20097 MW Wave Dragon of Wales coast by 2009–– …………
•• Tidal:Tidal:–– Barriers: 240 MW La Range, F by 1966 and 20 MW CanadaBarriers: 240 MW La Range, F by 1966 and 20 MW Canada–– Current: 1 MW MCT of North Ireland by 2007Current: 1 MW MCT of North Ireland by 2007--20082008
•• Ocean Thermal:Ocean Thermal:–– 0.2 MW Hawaii 1993 0.2 MW Hawaii 1993 --19981998
Several devices under prototype testing
Conclusion: to reach a considerable capacity is a question of will!
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Wave DragonWave Dragon principleprinciple
Turbine outlet
Reservoir
Waves overtopping the doubly curved ramp
The Wave Dragon is a slack-moored wave energy converter that can be deployed alone or in parks wherever a sufficient wave climate and a water
depth of more than 25 m is found.
Climate Power production12 kW/m 1½ MW 4 GWh/y/unit 24 kW/m 4 MW 12 GWh/y/unit36 kW/m 7 MW 20 GWh/y/unit48 kW/m 12 MW 35 GWh/y/unit
Wave reflector
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Power produced to the grid since 2003, in total Power produced to the grid since 2003, in total 20,000 hours20,000 hours
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• 4 articulated tubes (d = 3.5 m; each 40 m long);
• 3 PTO hydraulic units of 250 kW each
• Deployment in Portugal of 2.2 MW today
Pelamis 750 kW
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Danish wave devices in the North Sea Danish wave devices in the North Sea Before 2011 in the North Sea
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Marine Current Turbine 1.2 MWMarine Current Turbine 1.2 MW
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Today 2 propellers Strangford LoughNorthern Ireland
Devon 2003
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Alternative use of ocean energy to powerAlternative use of ocean energy to power
•Desalination
•Biomass
•Hydrogen
Source: C-Questor Plc
The wave-powered desalination plant
Seawater
Product
Brine flow
RO
Accumulat
Pressure exchanger -
Pressure
Oyster
Source: Queens University Belfast
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TrendsTrends
•• Industry development from R&D to Industry development from R&D to commercilisationcommercilisation
•• Installation of MW range ocean energy Installation of MW range ocean energy farmsfarms
•• Increased public awareness of OE benefitsIncreased public awareness of OE benefits•• Field data collection of environmental Field data collection of environmental
impactsimpacts•• Delivery of OE electricity to the GRIDDelivery of OE electricity to the GRID
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ChallengesChallenges
•• Main challenges of OE systems design is Main challenges of OE systems design is to achieve:to achieve:–– High reliability and survivabilityHigh reliability and survivability–– Market levels for cost of energyMarket levels for cost of energy
•• Commercially viable leading technology is Commercially viable leading technology is yet to evolve yet to evolve
•• Contrary to wind different OE conversion Contrary to wind different OE conversion technologies will be used at different technologies will be used at different locationslocations
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Rendition of an AquaBuOY farm
Artist impression of a field of Lunar Energy RTT units
The future The future
•• Highly dependent on financial support schemesHighly dependent on financial support schemes•• Can reach 10,000 MW of installed capacity by Can reach 10,000 MW of installed capacity by
2020 with financial support equal to that 2020 with financial support equal to that available for other emergining RE sectorsavailable for other emergining RE sectors
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PerspectivesPerspectives
EREC / Greenpeace scenario:
2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
5 31 64 111 151
TWh/year
Is that much? - 1%. By 2050 like wind today!
Linear development which can be done much faster as no scaling needed
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Contact InformationContact Information: : Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40 Tel : +32 (0)2 400 10 40
www.euwww.eu--oea.euoea.eu
A Message to Policy MakersA Message to Policy Makers
•• OE needs their helpOE needs their help–– Just as any new industry, OE needs a financial Just as any new industry, OE needs a financial
and political boostand political boost
•• OE has a potential to satisfy the world OE has a potential to satisfy the world energy needs with OUT harmful emissionsenergy needs with OUT harmful emissions
•• OE brings economic benefitsOE brings economic benefits•• OE has a potential to generate energy @ OE has a potential to generate energy @
costs equal to fossil fuelscosts equal to fossil fuels
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Wave DragonWave Dragon –– published datapublished dataWave Dragon unit power production
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
kW/m
GW
h/y
4 MW & 260 m wide
7 MW & 300 m wide
11 MW & 390 m wide
15 MW & 390 m wide
Wave climate First device After deployment of 100’s
24 kW/m 0.11 €/kWh 0.054 €/kWh 36 kW/m 0.083 €/kWh 0.040 €/kWh 48 kW/m 0.061 €/kWh 0.030 €/kWh Table 8.2: Wave Dragon expected cost in €/ kWh.
Wave climate First device After deployment of 100’s
24 kW/m 4,000 €/kW 2,300 €/kW 36 kW/m 3,200 €/kW 1,875 €/kW 48 kW/m 2,700 €/kW 1,575 €/kW
Table 8.1: Wave Dragon expected capital cost in €/ kW price.
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