BY: Eugene Herring Shanelle Mohawk Mariama Sidique Deniece Yeboah.
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Transcript of BY: Eugene Herring Shanelle Mohawk Mariama Sidique Deniece Yeboah.
Before NGOs can effectively work in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the international community must first recognize and address the insecurity and violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
“Africa’s first world war” Over 1,000 people continue to die each day from Diseases, Malnutrition and Ongoing Violence
Legacy of colonialism: 1885 Belgian imposition of colonial rule by King Leopold II
War broke out again in August 1998 -Rwandan troops backing Congolese Tutsi rebels invaded Congo
Between 1998 and 2004, an estimated 4 million people died in the ensuing conflict
In March 2005, the UN described Eastern Congo as “the world’s worst humanitarian crisis”.
Violence has been fuelled by Congo’s mineral wealth.
WARNING:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwjt-mgM8E0
Refugees continue to contribute to the humanitarian crisis
Displacement of thousands of Hutu and Tutsi refugees due to civil war/genocide
Refugees remain in hiding or are settled with the local population in that region, fearing reprisals if they return home
The refugees have credible fears of attacks by the Rwandan military once they return to their homes
DRC seeks repatriation
Natural Resources ExportedMineral reserves mean the DRC has the potential to
become a prosperous stateProminent potential industries: petroleum extraction,
cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm, oil, soap, flour, cigarettes
Natural resources play a role in explaining the character of the colonial rule, but post colonial leaders have never sought to break the cycle
It is hoped elections will create an environment for greater foreign investment and a more organized exploitation of resources
Foreign businesses have curtailed current mineral operations due to uncertainty about the outcome of the conflict, lack of infrastructure, and difficult operating environment
Link between poverty and conflict
Attention from NGOsThe DRC is a transnational issue because NGOs
like Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, WHO are raising awareness within public arena
The DRC has been considered a transnational issue since the Congo Crisis (1960-1965)• a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the
Congo that began with national independence from Belgium
• UN military intervention• It is also debated that the Congo has been a site of
a cold war Proxy battle between the United States and the Soviet Union
Focus on reviving communities and strengthen local capacity for recovery.
The largest provider of humanitarian aid in DRC
Provide essential health care for 3.6 million people, constructing and repairing hospitals and clinics in DRC
Focus on health issues and the alleviation of treatable diseases such as malaria, meningitis, measles, AIDS and child malnutrition
Established to facilitate the implementation of the Lusaka Accord signed in 1999
DRC government does not contribute to the finances
Top Donors of gross ODA (2003/4) (US$ million) www.monuc .com
1. United States 804
2. France 775
3. Belgium 529
4. Germany 314
5. Italy 235
6. IDA 235
7. European Commission
165
8. United Kingdom 162
9. Netherlands 140
10. Sweden 97
Realism – no intervention or intervention only based on national interests (power and notions of domination)
Liberal Institutionalism- UN-led intervention/peacekeeping should focus on establishing basic security and ability to trade
Constructivism- The atrocities require a humanitarian intervention and prosecution at the ICC
Feminism- Focus on gender, and how women/girls are affected by the violence
Realist thought is the foundation of wars, especially those that tend to exploit resources, as well as people. Realist thought is based on strength, which comes from the military. This military power is used as a coercive tool in order to obtain the things that a state may want or need.
Strengthen UN Mandates - Proceed, with MONUC, to establish a weapons-free zone, disarm new militias and have more peace keeping forces in the area -MONUC should establish joint monitoring teams with
the national army to control troop movementsMore Government NGO Cooperation DRC Government rebuilding infrastructureRenewed violence reduction programProsecutor of ICC should investigate atrocity crimes
committed and prosecute those most responsible