By: Ardena Paul & Dustin Young Homo sapiens neanderthalenis Who? Homo sapiens neanderthalenis are also known as Neanderthals. Neanderthals are the closet extinct relative to humans. Their DNA matches 97.5 of ours. (Chimps have a 98.5 match-up.) Who? Characteristics: Neanderthals had slightly larger brains then us today. Their bones were thick and heavy and show signs of powerful muscle connections. A flaring and funnel shaped chest, and a flaring pelvis. Powerful fingers and toes. MalesFemales Height5 55 1 Weight143 lbs119 lbs When and Where? Neanderthals lived 600,000 to 25,000 years ago. They lived during the ice age, often taking cover in the limestone caves of Eurasia Fossil evidence shows they lived as far north as Britain and as far west as the Middle East. How were they unique? Neanderthals were different from any other human relative because, they showed the use of: Sophisticated tools Stone tools were bonded by a glue and used as hunting spears. Language It is believed that Neanderthals had some sign of a language because of the presence of a hyoid bone. Social interactions Discoveries show us that Neanderthals lived in nuclear families. They also show that they cared for the sick, and buried the dead. Neanderthals also lived in shelters and had a controlled use of fire. Evolution Fossil evidence shows that Homo sapiens and Neanderthals share a common ancestor from about 500,000 to 200,00 years ago. It was first believed that Neanderthals went extinct due to Homo sapiens leaving Africa and outhunting the Neanderthal. Eventually they died off because of this. However Evolution A second theory exists due to further testing. It is also believed that Homo sapiens actually interbred with the Neanderthal instead. However the 1 st theory hasnt been thrown away because this theory has a few holes in it. Adaptations Neanderthals had a oversized nose that was used for humidifying and warming cold air. They also had short stocky bodies, made to endure cold climates. Bibliographyfossils/species/homo-neanderthalensisfossils/species/homo-neanderthalensisind/n.htmlind/n.htmlfacts-about-our-extinct-human-relatives.htmlfacts-about-our-extinct-human-relatives.htmlneanderthalensis.phpneanderthalensis.php Bibliography (Pic #1)neanderthals-diverse-modern-humans.htmlhttp://phys.org/news/ genetic- neanderthals-diverse-modern-humans.html (Pic #2)operator.com/events- nadrazeny/rescaleimage647.htmlhttp://www.prague-hotel- operator.com/events- nadrazeny/rescaleimage647.html (Pic #3)_neanderthal _neanderthal (Pic #4) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /f/ff/Neanderthal_skull_from_Forbes%27_Quarry.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons /f/ff/Neanderthal_skull_from_Forbes%27_Quarry.jpg