CELLSBy: Angelique

THE CELLThe cell is a functional basic unitof life. Cells have all different kindsof stuff in them. For example there isNucleus, vacuole, cytoplasm, etc.

Nucleus

The nucleus is the control center. it directs all of the cell’s activities. If you look into a plant or animal cellthe Nucleus is surrounded by a membrane.

Vacuole All vacuoles are filled with fluid.A vacuole is used to store stuff like water and nutrients, just like sugar and minerals. The vacuole is also used to store more stuff like wasteand to move waste and excess water out of the cell.

Cell Wall

The cell wall protects andsupports the plant cell. Some kind of plant cells have a singlewall that provides more support and strength.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria, are circular or rod-shapedorganelles. They are usually referred to asthe power plants of cells. They provide cells With energy

CytoplasmCytoplasm is a watery fluid that containseverything inside the cell membrane and outside the nucleus. Most of the cell’s chemical activities take place in the cytoplasm.

Chromosomes

Chromosomes are found insidenucleus. They contain DNA or geneticinformation, which holds “construction plans”for all the pieces of the cell.

CiliaA cilia are tiny hairs that worktogether to move a cell or tomove the fluid surroundingthe cell. They are not foundon all of the cells.

FlagellumOnly some animal cells haveflagellum, or whip-like tail, thathelps the cells to move. A flagellum is not found in all cells

ChloroplastThey are the food factories of thePlant cell. They contain manymolecules of a green chemical called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll allows plant cells to make their own food, using light from the Sun,carbon dioxide, and water. But animal cell can not do this.

OrganellesThe cytoplasm, the working area of a cell, contains tiny structures called organelles.many of these organelles can be seen only with a transmission electron microscope.

RibosomesRibosomes are very small organelles. They are so small that they appear assmall fuzzy dots even when viewed with a transmission electron microscope.Ribosomes use information from the Nucleus and molecules from the cytoplasmto produce proteins. Proteins are neededfor cell growth, repair, and reproduction.

Endoplasmic reticulumIs a series of folded membranes “rough”endoplasmic reticulum has many ribosomesattached to it. “smooth” endoplasmicreticulum has no ribosomes attached to it and is the structure where fats(lipids) are made. Both types of endoplasmicreticulum carry materials through thecytoplasm.

Golgi ApparatusIs a structure that looks like a stack offlattened balloons. This organelles storesproteins and puts them into packagescalled vesicles. The vesicles carry theproteins molecules to the surface of thecell, where they are released to the outside.the proteins in the vesicles vary, dependingon their function.

LysosomesThey are formed by the Golgi apparatusto patrol and clean the cytoplasm. They contain special proteins that are used tobreak down large molecules into many smaller molecules. In humans and otheranimals, lysosomes play an important rolein destroying harmful substances andinvading bacteria that enter the cell.

Differences between plant and animal cells

Animal and plant cells

Animal cell Similarities Plant cell

Cell membraneLysosomeNucleusNucleolusNuclear membraneVacuoleMitochondrionGolgi bodyRibosomesSmooth ERRough ERCytoplasmcentrosome

Cell wallCell membraneGolgi apparatusChloroplastVacuole membraneRaphide crystalDruse crystalMitochondrionCytoplasmAmyloplastLarge central vacuoleRough ERNucleusNucleolusSmooth ERRibosomeGolgi vesicles

Cell membraneMitochondrionCytoplasmRough ERNucleusNucleolusSmooth ERRibosomeLysosome

The difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Similarities

Plasma membraneCytoplasmDNANucleoid regionRibosomes

Prokaryotes

DNANucleoidThere smaller then eukaryotesThey have no organelles wrappedIn membranes.

Eukaryotes

DNANucleusMembraneThere bigger then prokaryotesThey have microtubules in thereflagella/ciliaNucleoid region

The end