By: Andrew Sung Wei Yang (01) Benjamin Lim (20) Ng Wei Bo (24) Ng Ziyao (25)
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Transcript of By: Andrew Sung Wei Yang (01) Benjamin Lim (20) Ng Wei Bo (24) Ng Ziyao (25)
By:
Andrew Sung Wei Yang (01)
Benjamin Lim (20)
Ng Wei Bo (24)
Ng Ziyao (25)
Ways ASEAN countriesCombat Terrorism
4S1
ASEAN policies Case study on Bali Mas Selamat Improvements of ASEAN
Contents
Association of the South-East Asian Nations Established in 1967
Principles enshrined in the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia:
renunciation of the threat or use of force;effective cooperation among themselves.November 2007, ASEAN leaders signed the ASEAN
Charter -- ASEAN to be a rules based organization committed to fulfilling its various obligations and
collective decisions.
What is ASEAN
Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Indonesia Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Malaysia Myanmar Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam
ASEAN member states
Methods ASEAN use toCounter Terrorism
ASEAN’s efforts in combating terrorism began before the 9/11 attack in 1997 and issued the ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime
ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Transnational Crime (AMMTC) was created
Following the 9/11 terrorist attack, ASEAN counter-terrorism cooperation accelerated
ASEAN efforts in combating terrorism
On 5 November 2001 in Brunei Darussalam, ASEAN leaders met to adopt the ASEAN Declaration on Joint Action to Counter Terrorism
Terrorism is viewed as a threat to peace and security and challenges to the attainment of peace, progress and prosperity of ASEAN and the realization of ASEAN Vision 2020
ASEAN efforts in combating terrorism
Several specific measures were identified to implement the Declaration, some of which includes:
ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism
Review and strengthen national
mechanisms to combat terrorism
Call for the early ratification or
accession to all anti-terrorist conventions
Deepen cooperation among ASEAN’s front-line law enforcement
agencies in combating terrorism
Enhance information/ intelligence exchange to
facilitate the flow of information
Strengthen cooperation
between AMMTC and other ASEAN bodies to counter
terrorists acts
Develop capacity building
programmes to enhance ASEAN
countries to investigate
terrorist acts
Study international conventions on
terrorism to integrate them with ASEAN
mechanisms to combat terrorism
Strengthen cooperation in
combating terrorism and affirm that at the United Nations should play a major role in
this regard
Discuss and explore practical initiatives to increase ASEAN's
involvement with the global community to make the fight
against terrorism a global endeavour
ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism
The Annual Conference of ASEAN Chiefs of Police (ASEANAPOL) was then held in May 2002, and called for a joint cooperation in fighting terrorism
ASEAN focal point directory for ASEAN immigration authorities to exchange information was set up
ASEAN Efforts to Counter Terrorism
Meetings = fora to exchange ideas and information on best practices in fighting terrorism-related crimes
ASEAN Efforts to Combat Terrorism
2 main counterterrorism mechanisms
Senior Officials Meeting on
Transnational Crime
ASEAN Ministers Meeting on
Transnational Crime
Terrorism1. Information Exchange2. Legal Matters3. Law Enforcement Matters4. Training5. Institutional Capacity Building6. Extra-regional cooperation
ASEAN Plan of Action tocombat Transnational Crime
Compile national laws and regulations of Member States, pertaining to terrorism establishing regional repository of laws
Explore ways for ASEAN to cooperate with ASEANAPOL and relevant international organizations concerned with terrorism matters facilitate sharing of information and analysis of critical intelligence information
Enhance cooperation in info. exchange among Member Countries and international agencies to combat terrorism.
Exchange of info. on technology to detect and deter use of materials of mass destruction in terrorist attacks and develop means to deter cyber terrorism.
Exchange of info. on security practices for international special events, strengthen and expand international cooperation and consultation in anti-terrorist activities.
Establish database of international treaties and agreements pertaining to terrorism/TNC
Enhance intelligence exchange to facilitate the flow of information, in particular, on terrorists and terrorist organizations, their movement and funding, and any other information needed to protect lives, property and the security of all modes of travel.
Information Exchange
Criminalisation of terrorism in ASEAN Member Countries Developing legal arrangements to facilitate apprehension,
investigation in order to enhance mutual legal and administrative assistance among ASEAN Member Countries
Ratify all relevant anti-terrorist conventions including the International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism
Study international conventions on terrorism integrating them with ASEAN mechanisms on combating international terrorism
Working on a regional operational agreement to combat terrorism
Work towards multilateral mutual legal assistance agreement enhance cooperation in combating terrorist acts and deliberating on various aspects of the issue
Legal Matters
Enhance cooperation and coordination in law enforcement and intelligence sharing on terrorism issues affecting ASEAN Member Countries
Deepen cooperation among front-line law
enforcement agencies in combating terrorism and sharing best practices
Law Enforcement Matters
Develop regional training programmes and conduct regular conferences to enhance existing capabilities in investigation, intelligence, surveillance, counter-terrorism, detection and monitoring and reporting of terrorist activities
ASEAN Member Countries conducting national training programmes may extend invitations to other ASEAN Member Countries to join their existing programs
Hold a multilateral seminar on emergency response to terrorist threats.
Training
2003 Carry out training programmes and projects
(counter terrorism) psychological operation psychological warfare courses for law
enforcement authorities/ intelligence procuring
courses on explosive detection and post-blast investigation
on airport security/ documents security and inspection
ASEAN Efforts to Combat Terrorism
Review and strengthen national mechanisms of ASEAN Member Countries to combat terrorism
Strengthen existing cooperation between the AMMTC and all relevant ASEAN bodies in countering, preventing and suppressing terrorist acts
Finding ways to combat terrorist organizations, support infrastructure and funding and bringing the perpetrators to justice
Develop regional capacity building programs to enhance existing capabilities of ASEAN Member Countries to investigate, detect, monitor and report on terrorist acts
Convene specialized workshops, seminars and training courses for ASEAN law enforcement officials on new forms of terrorism such as bio-terrorism and cyber-terrorism
InstitutionalCapacity Building
Explore practical ideas and initiatives to increase ASEAN's involvement with the international community to make the fight against terrorism a truly regional and global endeavour
Strengthen cooperation at bilateral, regional and international levels to combat terrorism and affirm that at the international level the United Nations should play a major role
Extra-regional cooperation
Jan 29, 2003 issued joint declaration including:1. joint efforts to get an early endorsement of UN
conventions aimed at combating terrorism and organized crime
2. provide more data sharing on terrorist suspects and their facilities
3. boost cooperation among law enforcement agencies
Terrorism “forms part of a complex set of new security challenges which have to be addressed urgently”
EU + ASEAN
Member states urged towards an early accession to all relevant anti-terrorist conventions
working toward establishment of regional database for disseminating information on national laws, regulations
addressing issue of prevention and suppression of terrorist financing
Work Programme Summary
Case Study on Bali
It was a hotspot for many foreigners visiting Southeast Asia
The terrorist wanted lots of international attention by massacring lots of people from different countries
Why was Bali aimed?
Al QaedaJemaah Islamiyah - Jihad
Who were responsible?
12 October 2002, a suicide bomber detonated a bomb in his backpack, inside the nightclub Paddy's Pub
A bomb hidden inside a white Mitsubishi van was detonated by another suicide bomber outside the Sari Club, located opposite Paddy's Pub and this bomb proved to be much more deadly
The bomb in the van could be controlled too by remote control (so that the terrorist plan would succeed)
A small bomb detonated outside the U.S. consulate in Denpasar after the 2 bombs
What happened
Effect of terrorism on Asean (case study Bali)
202 people from 22 countries were killedThe largest fatalities being 88 Australians
In 2002, bombing resulted in a fall in tourism in one of Asia’s top destinations
As the main source of income for the people was tourism, the economy was badly affected
For example, tourism dropped larger than 50% for a month after the bombings
Resulting in many Balinese people losing their livelihood
The government faced much pressure to relieve the hardships of the people
Spending was required too to beef up security in the region
Economic impact
After the Bali bombings, many Balinese wondered what had happened and how the security in Bali could have been so laid back
They could not earn enough money without the tourist and many became impoverished
Balinese mourned for their dead and many were shaken by the event, taking months to get out of their trauma
Social impact
The Indonesian government had a responsibility to keep their people safe from terrorist
Thus, much effort and time was needed to step up border security to tighten the security of the country
Immigrants hence took a longer time to be able to gain citizenship and tourists bemoaned the slow immigration clearance by the Indonesian immigration, a major deterrence (many thinking of Bali as unsafe too)
Political impact
In 2005, Bali was bombed again…Resulting in 20 victims
However…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft7rgxkEdc4&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUXq77uNg_g&feature=related
Videos
Looking at
Mas.Selamat.
Case Study: Mas SelamatBackground Information• Mas Selamat began his involvement
with terrorist group JI in the 1990s
• He was sent to Afghanistan for training in 1993 and in 1998, he studied Taliban system of government
• He was first arrested in 2003 in Bintan (Indonesia) to assist the police in their investigations of the bombings in Indonesia in recent years (most notably the 2002 Bali Bombings)
2006
•He was arrested again for using a fake identity in Java. Singapore then requested Mas Selamat’s extradition
2008
•He escaped from the detention centre when his family was visiting him
2009
•Mas Selamat was captured on 1st April 2009, but was only reported to the public on 8th MayMas Selamat : Background
Information
• Mas Selamat was part of the terrorists group JI and was involved in discussing various terror plots including hijacking a plane from Bangkok and crashing it into the Singapore Changi Airport
• Malaysian Police Inspector-General Musa Hassan said the arrest in 2009 was only made possible as both ASEAN members had been sharing intelligence reports since his escape
• In 2006, Mas Selamat was able to be extradited to Singapore due to the signing of the Extradition Treaty signed by both Indonesia and Singapore in 2005
Case Study: Mas Selamat
ASEAN has loose organizational structures agreements are non-binding tradition of non-intervention in internal
affairs of nations
Effective?
2007 – Convention on Counter Terrorism pave a more legally binding approach to counterterrorism cooperation
reinforcing Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty framework for regional cooperation to counter, prevent and suppress terrorism
signing of ASEAN Charter establish ASEAN as legal entity, EU-style
EU-ASEAN enhanced partnership – called for increased linkages between law enforcement agencies share best practices combat TC and Terrorism
IMPROVEMENTS
http://www.aseansec.org/14396.htmhttp://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/sing
aporelocalnews/view/427691/1/.html http://www.aseansec.org/14037.htmhttp://www.aseansec.org/5616.htmhttp://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/9077
7/90856/6939592.html