Butler High

School

Mr. Sambrotto

The advancement and diffusion of knowledge is the only guardian of true liberty.

- James Madison

Class Procedures

*Do not disrupt the learning process.

American History I:A The Founding PrinciplesAmerican History 1: 1492 – 1877(European Discovery - Civil War and Reconstruction)

American History II: The Founding Principles American History 2: 1877 – Present

(Civil War and Reconstruction to present day)

“American” History?* What is “America”?“United States” History?* What is history of the country?So, why do we call it “American” History?* What is the history of the American People?Who are the American are YOU?* “The New Face of America”

Homework• Review Classroom Procedures and sign half sheet

(parent/guardian, you)

• Read “The New Face of America” and answer the questions.

• Ask a parent or relative (if you don’t already know) your ancestor’s country of origin BEFORE they came to the United States.

• Find the national flag for your ancestor’s country of origin and draw it (in color) on the note card

“The New Face of Americans”

1. Unless you’re Native American, you came from somewhere else

a. melting pot?

b. salad bowl?

c. mosaic?

d. burrito?

2. This hasn’t always been true

3. Three Phases of “American History”a. Pre-European Arrival (to 1492)

b. Age of European Dominance (1492-present)

c. Post-European Dominance (?)

Warm-up QuestionsOn a blank sheet of paper, copy and answer the following questions

1. Demographers predict that by 2042 the United States will be a _____________________ country when minorities out-number whites.

2. What states already have larger minority populations than whites?

3. What countries have sent the most immigrants to the U.S. since 1965?

4. What is the most controversial issue relating to immigrants?

5. What do some Americans want to do to resist the changing demographics?

Unit 1 – The Foundation of European Colonies

(1492-1733)

Unit 1. Pre-European / Pre-historic America

A. The 1st Americans cross land bridge over Bering Sea1. 50 to 20 thousand years ago—Siberian hunters became first

American inhabitants

2. 14,000 years ago—humans reached tip of South America

3. The oldest complete skeleton – 12,000 years old

B. Pre-Columbian civilizations – “__________________”1. 10 to 75 million people

a. South America – _______________

b. Central America – Mayas (Yucatan) and _____________ (Mexico)

c. North America - _______________ (NY), ____________ (South), Mississippians, Pueblo (Southwest)

“The Black Legend, Native Americans and Spaniards”

Routes of the First Americans

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Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture Areas in the 1600s

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Pre-Columbian AmericansPoster Activity

• In your group: using pp.4-17 in text– Create a chart that contains the 4 categories of

information on the chart handout for your assigned American Indian Group

– Create a LARGE box/area in the middle of your poster to produce an illustration that represents the unique cultural characteristics of your assigned American Indian group

– In each section of your chart list the appropriate information for your American Indian group from the chart.

– When completed, hang your poster on the wall, and begin copying information from other groups posters onto your chart.

American Indian Group Name

Tribes and Locations

Way of Living(Economy)

Impact of Environment

Significant Technology

Illustrations

2. Pre-Columbian Ways of Life (Economy)

a. ____________ (men) and _____________ (women) – deer, bison, bear

b. ____________ (women) – corn, squash, beans (Three Sisters)

3. Environmental Impact led to technological adaptations

a. ________________ – trees for houses/canoes; rivers for irrigation/transportation; animal furs/grasses for clothes; plentiful water helped agriculture; shared farming techniques and fur trade with

___________________

b. _______________– dry, arid, grasslands, huge herds of bison; few trees for houses; lived in ________________ for mobility; ____________ followed migration of Bison, advanced hunting skills

c. _______________ – dry, arid desert; farming required irrigation; few trees for houses. lived in adobe (clay bricks) pueblos

d. ________________– Pacific Ocean and rivers supplied fish and other food sources; wet climate good for farming; large trees for building houses and totem poles

American Indian Housing

What caused Europeans to begin exploring the world and

expanding their territories?

• Write a Thesis Statement that answers this question and includes 3 major factors from your homework that would support this statement.

C. Pre-Columbian EUROPE

1.Medieval Europe (_________________) – small isolated kingdoms with strict rules separating nobles from peasants (rigid class system)

2.Conditions changed in Europe that led to exploration of far-away places

a. _____________ – 1096-1270 – Christian effort toforce ___________ out of the “Holy Land” (FAILED)

1. Sparked ____________ in__________between Europe and Asia

2. _______________ social hierarchy in Europe as many nobles died at war – surviving monarchs expanded their power and empire

http://www.lookandlearn.com/history-images/B002684

b. Trade and Commerce – 1. _________________ to China in 1200s

2. Europeans developed taste for Asia stuff – silk, porcelain, tea, rugs…___________

3. Italy (_______________) became the crossroads between Asia and Europe – center of trade (the “Middle Man”)

4. The rise of a new “Merchant Class” (middle class)c. Population growth –

1. the end of the Bubonic Plague (“____________”) by 1500

2. People lived longer, and began moving to _____________________

3. cities were place to get Asian goods – ____________________

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d. Rise of powerful ________________________ 1. Monarchs expanded _______________ (fewer left after Crusades)2. raised taxes, raised _____________, created strong central govts.3. Portugal, Spain, France, and England (Great Britain)4. saw new merchants as source of power5. funded ___________________ to expand trade and wealth

e. The ______________________ – “Rebirth”1. rebirth in interest in physical world (science and nature)2. rebirth in curiosity – “noble spirit” – age of scientific discovery and innovation3. celebrated individual achievement (“_________________”)

f. Technological improvements – Prince Henry of Portugal1. ________________ (ship) – Spain and Portugal – lighter, faster, more mobile = ________________________2. ___________________ and Astrolabe improved navigation3. Mercator Map – charted shipping routes to Asia and the “New World”

C. European Arrivals1. 1000 CE - _________________(Erik the Red, Leif Erikson) in

Newfoundland (Canada)2. 1492 CE – Christopher Columbus (____________) “discovered” island

of Hispaniola – mistakenly called people “Indians”Jimmy Kimmel on Columbus

3. 1497 CE – John Cabot (_____________________) explored northern America (Newfoundland)

4. 1499 CE – ________________________(Spain) mapped east coast of South America

5. 1500 CE – Pedro Cabral claimed Brazil for Portugal6. 1507 CE – Juan Ponce de Leon (Spain) Puerto Rico; 1513 –

_______________ searching for “Fountain of Youth”7. 1513 CE – Vasco de Balboa (Spain) – first European to see

______________________8. 1519 CE – ________________________(Spain) – first to sail around

S. America9. Spain was first to seek empire – “_______________________”

Warm-up Question Mon. 2/9Using “Chapter Review” on back page of homework…1. Which European country was the first to establish colonies in

America?

2. How did these settlers treat the native people? Give 2 specific examples:

3. Where did these settlers set up colonies?

4. What happened in missions in California (be specific)?

5. Who had a better relationship with the native people?

6. How was the relationship different?

7. How would you describe the relationship of the Dutch from Holland (The Netherlands) with the native people.

8. Where did the Dutch establish their colony of New Netherlands?

1. According to this painting, DESCRIBE the relationship between Spanish colonists in America and the American Indians.

2. IDENTIFY specific examples from the painting that illustrate the nature of this relationship.

What is specific?• Cell Phone?

• Car?

• Music?

• Animals?

• Plants?

• Disease?

• Technology?

How would you describe this painting of the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlan?

12. Briefly describe the scene in the painting.

13. In what ways can you tell that there are two different tribes?

14. What do those differences tell us about their different ways of life?

15. How did they transport their goods? Why no horses?

16. Can you detect any differences in gender roles?

What does “EXPLAIN” mean?

• Explain HOW and WHY(not WHAT) the following events encouraged exploration:– Crusades?– Commerce?– Technological advancements?– Reformation?

• BE SPECIFIC! – details, details, details!

Voyages of European Exploration

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D. Treaty of _______________ – 1494

1. decision by Pope to settle disputed claims of ____________________

2. divided Spanish and Portuguese territory in “______________” North-South by 46th meridian

3. Portugal got land __________ of line – Brazil and African islands

4. Spain got land ____________ of line – everything else

E. New Spain – (“Crash Course”)1. Spanish explorers – __________________ and

_________________ conquered Caribbean, C. & S. Americaa. 1519 – _________________conquered Aztecs (Chief

Montezuma) in Tenochtitlan; est. Mexico Cityb. 1535 – _________________conquered Incas in Peru,

est. city of Limac. 1539-1542— _____________explored Southeast (U.S.)d. 1540-1542—Coronado explored Southwest (U.S.)

2. Spain established __________________ System of govt. in New Spaina. Large tracts of land given to Spanish conquerors

b. __________________ inhabitants became property of conquerors; ___________________on sugar plantations; to be converted to ___________________

c. Considered inhumane/slavery by church; replaced by _______________________ system

d. Conquistadores ____________________ w/Indian women – “new race” called __________________ – cultural and biological bridge between Spain and indigenous Americans

3. _______________________ transforms life on 3 continentsa. From the __________________________–

_____________________________________, beans, peppers, manioc, pumpkin, squash, tomato, wild rice, etc.

b. From the ___________________________1. cows, pigs, ________________, wheat, sugar cane, apples, cabbage,

citrus, carrots, Kentucky bluegrass, etc.

2. devastating ______________________ (smallpox, yellow fever, malaria), as Indians had no immunities – An estimated 90% of all pre-Columbus Indians died, mostly due to disease.

c. From ________________________– slave labor to work sugar plantations with loss of Indian population

4. Other Europeans threaten Spanish dominance

a. _____________________ (1497): John Cabot (an Italian who sailed for England) touched the coast of the current day U.S.

b. ______________________(1524): Giovanni de Verrazano also touched on the North American seaboard.

c. _____________________ (1535): Jacques Cartier went into mouth of St. Lawrence River (_____________________).

d. France (1608) —Samuel de Champlain founded _________________

e. ____________________ (1679): Robert de LaSalle sailed down the _____________________claiming the whole region for their King Louis and naming the area “_______________________" after his king.

f. ________________________included St. Lawrence River, Great Lakes, Mississippi

1. Very few ____________________________ settlements – only

________________________

2. Fur trade with __________________ trading partners very profitable

SPANISH FRENCH DUTCH

5. To oppose threats, ____________ set up forts (presidios) up California coast, and __________________, Florida (1565) – the oldest continually inhabited European settlement in the U.S.

This fanciful artist's rendition of St. Augustine, pioneer Spanish settlement, is of interest despite its historical inaccuracies. The Castillo de San Marcos at no time resembled the fort as portrayed. The artist probably included the high hills because he mistook the Spanish word for thick forests to mean hills. From the 1671 engraving "Pagus Hispanorum," by an unknown artist, probably prepared in Amsterdam. (Courtesy, Chicago Historical

Society.)

6. _________________________: the false notion that Spaniards only brought _______________________(murder, disease, slavery); though true, they also brought good things: ____________________, architecture,Christianity, ____________________, civilization

Crash Course - The Black Legend, Native Americans, and Spaniards

The English Enter the Competition

• Claimed __________________territory under Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547)

• England achieved preconditions for colonization under _________________

An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke

• Sir _______________________established Roanoke colony in 1584– He named the region ________________ after

the Virgin Queen

• The colony failed and Raleigh tried again in 1587

• The colonists disappeared without a trace and their fate remains a mystery

Campaign to Sell America

• By 1600, no _________________ settlements in New World

• Richard Hakluyt advertised benefits of American ______________________– Claimed that England needs

_________________________

What Are You?

• Who are Americans?

Presidential Morph - American Pops

Animaniacs - Presidents

“Believe in the Greatness of America” “The News Room”

“American Exceptionalism”

Cross Talk

AP US History IS…

…is designed to provide students with the analytical skills and factual knowledge necessary to deal critically with the problems of United States history.

Students will analyze historical material, synthesize their own ideas, and evaluate those of others.

Students will make conclusions on the basis of an informed judgment and present reasons and evidence clearly and persuasively in essay format.

Is the United States “exceptional”?

Write a standard 5-paragraph argumentative essay in which you:– Choose one position or the other (don’t sit the fence)

– Write an effective thesis statement– If you say “yes”, explain why…– If you say “no”, explain why not…– Give at least 3 valid reasons to support your

position– Dazzle me with your historical knowledge– DO NOT USE 1st PERSON (i.e. “I think”, “I believe”,

or “In my opinion”)

American Exceptionalism in the 21st Century

What is the “American Dream”?

Write one complete paragraph explaining what you think the American Dream means to you and your family.

“Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teaming shore, Send these, the homeless, the tempest-tossed, to me; I lift my lamp beside the golden door.”

Emma Lazarus, 1883

“From Rags to Riches”

“In this model republic, this land of the free – so our orators call it, and why should not we? ‘Tis refreshing to know that without pedigree A man may still climb to the top of the tree.”

Horatio Alger

The Pursuit of Happyness

Protect Your Dreams

In fact, one of the greatest expressions of the American Dream occurred 50 years ago today…

“I Have a Dream”Martin Luther King Jr.

August 28, 1963 Washington, DC

Athlete

Reflections

#IDREAM