Business Law Project: Scholarship Contract Civil Procedure

ICMB 341 Business Law Section 2

Business Law ProjectScholarship Contract Civil Procedure

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................................................1

BACKGROUND....................................................................................................................................2

SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT...............................................................................................................4

THIS CONTRACT WILL BECOME VOID OR VOIDABLE WHEN;..........................................................................5

COUNTERCLAIM.......................................................................................................................................6

SCHOLARSHIP CIVIL PROCEDURE..................................................................................................6

EMPLOYMENT.....................................................................................................................................8

REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................10

APPENDIX..........................................................................................................................................11

A-1: MINISTRY OF DEFENSE’S SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT.......................................................................11

A-1: MINISTRY OF DEFENSE’S SCHOLARSHIP CONTRACT.......................................................................12

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BackgroundBackground

Technology and advancement, not only brought in greater benefits through time, have also

come with the multiplication in costs of living which primarily includes the costs of education or tuition

fees. As education is one of the key factors influencing future development of the nations, the federal

governments as well as one in Thailand have been seeking ways to increase the opportunity for their

citizens to achieve higher education in which one common example is to provide them with

scholarships.

Scholarships are money awarded by national and foreign organizations such as

governments, academic institutions and several other corporations as financial aids to help students

with outstanding ability or with excellent contribution to pursue higher degrees in exchange with

some certain conditions. Many types of scholarships can be classified: merit-based awards based on

students’ athletic abilities recognized, academic achievement, or high scores on tests; need-based

awards based on students’ financial needs by looking at the expected family contribution and cost of

intended college attendance; student-specific awards based on students’ qualification of race,

gender, or other specific factors; and career-specific awards by academic institutions to students

planning to pursue a specific field of study.

The conditions or bond requirements for granting scholarships may differ by criteria which

usually reflect values and purposes of the scholarship contributors; for example, the government and

corporations who might be offering scholarships to attract and retain potential employees to support

their business plans and to encourage entrants into its field of work may not required the

scholarships to be paid back; however, recipients may need to work for a particular employer for a

specified period of time under the contract agreement; some may require the applicants to repay the

value of the support received from the scholarships; otherwise, some may offer the students will full

merit-based awards, especially for those who are in need, in which no compensation is required.

Another kind of scholarships people usually think of might be student loans. The aim of offering

students loan is to help students with financial problems by providing the loans to pay for their

education, housing, and other essential expenses. These students are responsible to repay the

entire loan back at the very low interest rate within the specified period stated in the conditions.

However, if the applicant failed to maintain the criteria which is the scholarship award is provided, or

voluntarily terminates academic training, or dismissed from the educational institution for disciplinary

reasons, under the contract, all the funds should be returned in full payment within a period of time

specified in the conditions.

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To be more specific, in this paper, we would like to lay emphasis on the case in 2005 that

focused on the scholarship contract subject to the conditions made between the scholarship provider

and receiver binding to an employment field.

The case introduced in this term paper will discuss about the legal dispute related to the

military scholarships. This type of scholarships provided by the Ministry of Defense is considered as

another renowned source of funding which generally will be awarded in return for a tour of duty with

a branch of the military supporting their future force’s education. The case is explained as follows:

Supreme Court Opinion No. 252/2548

Ministry of Defense v. Keawlek

Re: Contract, Government, Scholarship Civil Procedure

When the Defendant obtained the scholarship from the Plaintiff to

pursue his studies abroad, he had voluntarily signed an agreement which

included a clause - if a breach of contract was committed by the

Defendant, he would have to return to Thailand immediately or be

discharged from the ministry. The Defendant was also liable to repay

three times the amount of the scholarship, including all expenses, to the

Plaintiff. However, as the breach-of-contract clause has been included in

the agreement prior to the breach of contract, it was deemed as a fine

instead. If the court finds that the repayment amount is too exorbitant, it

can reduce the amount as it deemed appropriate after considering all the

damages of the creditor according to Civil Code Section 383 clause 1.

The court settlement was deemed to be the amount of damages including

the fine. Besides having the right to demand for interest payment from the

principal amount paid by the Plaintiff, the Plaintiff also has the right to

calculate the interest rate at 7.5% per annum accrued from the default

date under Civil Code Section 224 Clause 1.

According to the Thai Supreme Court Opinions on the selected case in 2005, the lawsuit was

filed by the plaintiff against the defendant as a consequence of the breach of contract. The

3

Figure 1.1


defendant or the person, whose action was sued and brought against in a court of law by another

party, was the student who applied for the scholarship for a degree abroad, identified as “Keawlek”.

The plaintiff or the person, who filed a lawsuit or made claim against, was the Ministry of Defense of

Thailand. The Ministry of Defense is the government agency that supervises the operations and

administration of the military establishment and coordinates military policies with those of other

governmental agencies concerned with national security. One of the ministry projects was to provide

scholarships to support potential arm force to pursue further education or training in Thailand or in

other countries so that they can bring back benefits to the country. Undergoing the study within the

country or abroad both require the applicant to come back and work for the government’s demand.

In this case, Keawlek had engaged in the scholarship contract with the Ministry of Defense in

which the defendant applied as an applicant for the scholarships to study or train abroad. To receive

this educational scholarship, the applicant must sign the contract certifying with all the terms and

conditions understood and agreed to work to in return of duty with the branch of the military or the

government. However, in violation of any conditions within the contract, it would require the

defendant to expel from the ministry, return to Thailand immediately, and repay three times the

amount of the scholarship to the ministry.

In terms of contract, it is a binding legal agreement between two parties who declare intents

that are enforceable in a court of law. In other words, failure or breach of contract will result in the

immediate actions as stated in the conditions; in this case it would refer to the refund as well as to

the total amount of the scholarships to be returned to the Ministry of Defense together with interest

which shall be charged at a certain rate from the time of the first instalment of the scholarship paid to

or on behalf of the student and thereafter on outstanding monthly balances.

However, the defendant had abided the contract’s terms stated that the defendant had to be

dismissed from the scholarship program and would be responsible for repaying the scholarship

amount used up at that point. Arrangement would be made with the ministry to repay this money. In

this case, the reimbursement was sought by the plaintiff to the court of law.

In this paper, further discussion of the selected case will be extended by the application of

terms and concepts gained from the Business Law course. Henceforth, we will presume to scenario

from this case starting from the creation of contract, and the consequences of which Keawlek broke

the contract and which Keawlek fulfilled all the conditions will be discussed under the civil procedure

and the employment sections respectively.

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Scholarship Scholarship ContractContract

How the contract could be legally createdHow the contract could be legally created

Contract is a part of the Juristic Acts which refer to any

act lawfully and voluntarily done for the intended purpose of

having legal obligation between persons to create, modify,

transfer, preserve, or extinguish rights.

This contract was the contract between two parties or

two people who were Keawlek and the Ministry of Defense;

therefore, to make the contract legally created, both sides must

be binding with the intent to achieve the same purpose in which

in this case Keawlek had an intent to receive the scholarship for

studying related to military abroad while the Ministry of Defense

had an intent to offer scholarship to a potential arm force to

study abroad. Thus, both were binding in intent and outcomes.

Also, the contract should be made with full wills or without

anyone forced them to do; for instance, the Ministry of Defense

could not force the applicant to accept the agreement of

returning to work as it would violate the law. Note that the oral

contract should not be given since it is difficult and impossible to be proven.

When offers were to be created, the voluntary acts also apply to the conditions made in the

agreement contract in A-1. The creation of conditions could not violate the human rights; thus, the

Ministry of Defense could offer choices for the applicant to choose, for example, assuming; if the

student will not come back to work for the ministry, then three times of the debts borrowed should be

paid back, etc. Another case is that if the applicant knew that there was a high chance not to be

able to come back and work for the ministry, then the counter-offer could be made by writing up a

new contract offering something in exchange such as returning cash or goods.

Moreover, in making this contract legitimate, the Ministry of Defense needs to make sure that

the student was not under 20 years old, but if applicant was, then their parents or others who had

rights under the law would need to give an approval to do so in A-2. If the applicant made an

agreement when the applicant was not 20 years old or under other conditions prohibited by law, then

contract will considered as voidable contract. Additionally, the contract could not be ambiguous; this

means by the contract in A-1 should state clearly in all of the conditions and both parties should

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Juristic Acts

Intent

Lawful Purpose

Binding between Persons

Voluntary Acceptance

Movement of Rights

Figure 1.2


make sure that there was nothing hidden in the agreement. The Defendant could not be a substitute

of any kind; it should be the right person that agrees to sign the contract, if the Defendant was a twin

or anybody else then the contract will not be enforceable. In this case the agreement was under

government contract; therefore, both parties have to use the Administrative Court.

When this contract would become void or voidable ?

Void contract means the contract that is not enforceable at the first place, for example, the

contract that was created against the moral in the society.

For this case, the contract can become void when; firstly, if the ministry of defense had

purpose of sending the student to study and come back to murder or involving crimes, therefore, the

contract will become illegally as it is conflict with the law that has stated in the Criminal Code. Later

on, it will become void since they first made this contract. Furthermore, if the agreement stated

something that impossible to do, for example, if the student goes to study, they’ll have to come back

and be able to work for Ministry 24 hours without any sleep or break. If the contract has stated

something like this, therefore, it will also be considered as void agreement.

Voidable contract is the contract that will be enforceable until someone disagrees or until the

termination.

To make it easier to understand, in this case, the agreement will consider as voidable

contract when, for example, the contract was doing when the student is under twenty years old.

According to the law, people who can sign the agreement will be someone that is twenty years old or

older. Otherwise, the contract has to be approved by his parents. Moreover, during the process of

signing contract, the student will have to voluntary sign the contract. In contrast, if somebody forces

or threat the student to sign, then the contract will become voidable. Examples are, if somebody

kidnaps parents or the love one of defendant, and force the defendant to sign the contract; this will

become voidable contract as well. Additional, while signing contract, Ministry of Defense had to

make sure that the student has one hundred percent of his conscious mind; meaning that, he was

not on any drugs or alcohol during his signing period. He could not be sleep walking or hypnotized in

doing so.

6

Possible?Oppose Norms?

Ilegal?

Void

Clearly stated under the law?

Fully Enforceable

Binding in agreement?

Voidable

Agreed by the right person

Approved

Fully Enforceble

Do nothing

Voidable

Not agreed

Cancelled

Void

Void

Figure 1.3

(Up – Yes; Down – No)


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The Consequences of Keawlek’s ActionsThe Consequences of Keawlek’s Actions

Scholarship Civil ProcedureScholarship Civil Procedure

However, in the case that if the defendant (Keawlek) broke a clause or did not follow the

agreement voluntarily signed with the Ministry of Defense, regarding to the contract, Keawlek would

receive a scholarship from the government that provided with education fees and all kinds of

expenses used during studying aboard. In return, after finished studying Keawlek had to come back

to Thailand and work full time at the Ministry of Defense.

There were diverse cases that the plaintiff could file a lawsuit against the defendant.

First and foremost, during studying aboard if Keawlek did not study at the same university or

willing to change the faculty which was not the same as faculty included in the agreement made with

the Ministry of Defense in A-1, this would be considered as a breach of contract.

Second, during studying, Keawlek’s performance and behavior could be observed by the

student’s implied and intent actions. For example, Keawlek may have an implied action that the

defendant did not put all efforts on studying as much as possible, or Keawlek may have an intent

action to not pay attention on the subjects at all and to spend money irrationally on unnecessary

things such as Mp4 Players, Mobile Phone and some luxurious items. Therefore, as long as the

plaintiff could prove that the defendant had some kinds of bad behaviors, the plaintiff could consider

such actions as a breach of contract as well.

Third, after graduated from the university that the Ministry of Defense sent to study, if

Keawlek did not come back to Thailand in order to inform the Ministry of Defense within 15 days

after the graduated date onwards and get another job, this also could be considered as a breach of

contract.

More importantly, during studying aboard if Keawlek was in love with a person and later the

marriage was held, this could also be considered as a breach of contract.

Next, under the contract, it was clearly stated that after graduated, Keawlek had to work at

the Ministry of Defense at least 5 years or the time equal to more than twice time comparing to his

study aboard time. However, if the Keawlek quit the job before the time on the agreement or not

willing to work that long, this action would be considered as a breach of contract as well.

All in all, with the breach of contract, Keawlek as the defendant would need to return all the

left expenses made. To illustrate, if the contract stated that Keawlek had to work at the Ministry of

Defense for 7 years, but Keawlek did not want to do so, and decided to quit the job after working in

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five years, Keawlek had to pay back the remaining expenses which came from all expenses made

deducted with the time already worked for the Ministry of Defense.

In order for the plaintiff to file a lawsuit against the defendant, there are some simple steps to

do called legal process for the civil case. First of all, the plaintiff had to bring the case to the Court of

First Instance against the defendant with the written statement of claim. Under the Court of First

Instance, the plaintiff was also allowed to bring evidence and witnesses to support the case. The

second step was that the court would authoritatively call on the defendant to appear in a law court.

Consequently, the defendant needed to respond by sending the written answer back to the court

within 15 days. If the defendant is not able to answer which parts of the claim Keawlek admitted or

denied, this would allow the plaintiff to proceed with the case by themselves. On the other hand,

during answering, the defendant also had a right to counterclaim against the defendant, but the

content must be related to the case as well. Consequently, the plaintiff also had to file the answer to

the counterclaim within 15 days. After submission of all the documents, the court will decide the date

of hearing. Lastly, on the hearing date the court will judge the case. In the case of Keawlek and the

Ministry of Defense, it could imply that the plaintiff still not satisfied with the judgment, so the case

was brought to the Court of Appeal and later to the Supreme Court, which the judgment of this court

was to be final, meaning that both parties must accept the results.

Counterclaim

The counterclaim which was related to relevant matters in the complaint can possibly be

raised by the defendant against the plaintiff. The plaintiff would be requested to answer to the

counterclaim within 15 days after he/she has been properly served with the defendant’s answer. If

there is reasonable cause, these times can be extended, but only with the Court’s prior permission.

However, if the Court deems the counterclaims unrelated, the defendant would be ordered to bring a

separate action.

In this case, although the defendant had accepted the contract which was made against the

Ministry of Defense and that created only the little chance for the defendant to practice the

counterclaim, the defendant could still possibly do so. The possibility of obtaining the counterclaim

was that the defendant would have to present the evidence which could confirm the defendant’s

mislead or misunderstanding toward the particular contract, according to the civil and commercial

code. However, the chance of the effectively counterclaiming in this case is quite uncommon.

This matter was clearly seen as the defendant directly breached the contract and to be

judged guilty. However, the counterclaim was one of the ways to restore the reputation or the social

status of the defendant because when the person was put to be in the defendant position; the

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reputation of the person is already damaged as being guilty. The socio-psychological principle is

reversal to the legal principle in terms of proving the guilt. The legal principle states that the person

as the defendant, are not yet deserved the punishment until the person was proven to be guilty.

However, in socio-psychology, the defendant was believed to be guilty until he or she will be proved

to be innocent.

Moreover, the counterclaim could be hoped to also communicate that it was not just the

defendant who was deserved to be judged; the plaintiff could also be judged in the way that

somehow related to the damage of the defendant’s reputation or status. Especially in this case, the

counterclaim could be the strategy in attempting to invalidate the lost of reputation or reduce the

liability to repay the plaintiff in the case that the defendant was proved to be guilty.

Now you might see from several cases mentioned above that if Keawlek did not follow the

agreement, the agreement would be discharged by law and he had to come back to Thailand

immediately and repay three times the amount of the scholarship plus all expensed that he had

made during studying aboard to the Ministry of Defense. Moreover, under Civil Code Section 224

Clause 1 reported that the plaintiff has the right to charge interest rate 7.5% average percentage rate

on the principal amount that plaintiff gives to the defendants. To illustrate this, some numerical

numbers are assumed to explain this sentence more clearly. Assume that the amount of the

scholarship that the Ministry of Defense gave to Keawlek on 31 December 2005 was equivalent to 1

million Baht, and the period for studying aboard was 4 years. However, on 31 December 2009,

Keawlek’s graduated date, the student decided not to work with the Ministry of Defense. Hence, the

amount of money that Keawlek had to payback should be equal to the value of the scholarship in

year one times with 3 and plus with 7.5% of the interest rate on the amount of scholarship

compounding for four years. Thus, it should be equivalent to [(1,000,000×3) + 335,470] =

฿3,335,470.

However, according to Civil Code Section 383 clause 1, if the court considered that this

repayment amount was unreasonable, the court could adjust or reduce the amount of repayment by

considering the level of appropriateness.

For the further procedure of seizure, please refer to Appendix A-3.

EmploymentEmployment

In case that the defendant designed to work as the agreement stated, things that the

defendant needed to consider might be the work conditions. As the type of work of the defendant

was employment, the defendant should pay a lot attention on the employment contract which

10


included the salary and the scope of work that the defendant had to do on the particular job,

meaning that the employee had to do a given task permanently on a regular basis, but the employer

would have the rights to have a controlling power over the employee, and the employer would have

to pay the employee the salary on a regular basis in return. Although, the given task might be

uncompleted, the employer still needed to pay salary to the employee. For example, if the employee

could not complete the given task by the due date, the employer still paid salary for the employee,

but the employer could complain or give employee a warning. But the employer would not be able

not to pay the employee because it is against the labor law.

For the working hours and over time, the labor law requires that the employer has to fix the

working hour to his employee. The normal working hours is eight hours a day or 48 hours a week

with one hour break per day or nine hour including one hour break. If Keawlek the employee had to

work beyond the normal time, the employer had to pay the over-time payment. The rate of over-time

payment is that if the employee work beyond the normal time on the normal working day, the rate is

to multiply 1.5 with normal rate. If the employee works on the holiday, the rate is to multiply 2.0 with

normal rate, and if the employee works overtime on the holiday, the rate is to multiply 3.0 with

normal rate. However, the employer could not force Keawlek as an employee to work overtime, so

the consent of working overtime is required.

For the holiday, the labor law stated that there is a fixed holiday which is 13 holidays at least,

and the employer needs to provide medical absence or sick leave to Keawlek as well.

There are several other things included in the employment contract which are no competition

with employer, confidentiality, and rules and regulation. For the no competition with employer issue,

it means that the employee must not act or do things as a competitor with the employer. For

example, the company sells item A, and the employee sells an item that is similar to item A. This is

an action that the employee act his/herself as a competitor to the company. Next is confidentiality. It

means that the employee must tell the company secret to no one. The example of company’s secret

is such as Beer formula, listing of customers, or trade secret. Last thing is about rules and

regulation. The employee must follow the company’s rules and regulation. If the employees do not

follow the rules and regulation, the company would have the right to terminate or give a warning to

that particular employee.

If there is a termination on the employee, the employee has the right to know the reason why

his/her is terminated. Also, the employer is required to give a letter of termination with specific

reason before terminate the employee. Moreover, the employment contract can be used to against

in the court if there is a case that the employee thinks that it is an unfair termination.

11


The employment contract is can be made both verbally and in the written form, but in the real

world, the written form is used the most because the employment contract is help the clear the issue

that what is the thing that the employee has to do. Also, it helps to clear the work condition of the

employee. If this defendant decides to work in this company, he/she has to first talk about his/her

contract, condition, and benefit because all the benefits that he/she will receive could not be reduce

later. If the employer reduces the employee’s benefit, the employee can sue the employer.

ConclusionConclusion

From the case selected from one of the Supreme Court Opinions in 2005, this paper has

illustrated the basic understandings of business law by converting the case into the possible

scenario where we can explain using terms and concepts introduced by the course. We have started

from where the contract of obtaining scholarship was made between a party identified as Keawlek

and another party identified as the Ministry of Defense. The contract made was correctly followed

the concepts of Juristic Acts and thus obeyed the law or the Civil Commercial Code of Thailand.

Thus we could be further explained two more scenarios which were the case where Keawlek broke

any conditions stated in the contract and the case where Keawlek fulfilled all the conditions made in

the contract. In the first case where Keawlek breach the contract, we have discussed in the Civil

Procedure section that the Ministry of Defense who now became the plaintiff would file a lawsuit

against Keawlek as the defendant and that the defendant could make counterclaim against the

plaintiff. The second illustrated case, discussed in the Employment section, of which Keawlek

fulfilled all the conditions in the contract in which the applicant would come back to Thailand and

work full-time for the Ministry of Defense; here, there would be no lawsuits filed but the concerns of

being employed have been discussed of how an employee can be protected under the Labor

Protection Act B.E. 2541.

Regardless of the concepts and idea applied in the case above, the true final results from the

Supreme Court was to have Keawlek, the defendant, to pay fine and payment of all expenses, and

the plaintiff also had the right to calculate the payment appropriately for the Ministry of Finance with

the accrued interest of 7.5% annual.

According to Thailand Student Loan Organization Fund, there are more than 161,000

students that owed the organization costing approximately 15,000 million baht (cite). If the cases are

to bring to the court, it would be very costly for the organization. In considering the contracts and

law, the applicants should be careful before making engagement to avoid any lawsuits. If the person

thinks that they cannot fulfill the criteria, it is suggested to pay for their own rather than free scholar;

12


otherwise, they have to be responsible for not being able to meet their obligations or even cause

troubles to the other party.

13


ReferencesReferences

http://www.thailawforum.com/supreme_court_opinions/2005compilation1.html

http://www.lawamendment.go.th/ow.asp?ID=4763

http://www.labour.go.th/law/law.html

http://www.mod.go.th/opp/

http://job-edu.esarnzing.com/tag/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A8

14

http://www.mod.go.th/opp/

http://www.labour.go.th/law/law.html

http://www.lawamendment.go.th/ow.asp?ID=4763

http://www.thailawforum.com/supreme_court_opinions/2005compilation1.html


AppendixAppendix

A-1: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship ContractA-1: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship Contract by the Acceptor by the Acceptor

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ข้�อ ๒ ในัระหว้#างทำ�&ข้�าพเจ้�าศึ)กัษาอยู่,#ในัต่#างประเทำศึนั �นั ข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะประพฤต่+ต่นัให�เร�ยู่บัร�อยู่และปฏิ+บั ต่+ต่ามกัฎ ข้�อบั งค บั คาสื &ง ระเบั�ยู่บั และแบับัธรรมเนั�ยู่มข้องทำางราชกัารทำ4กัประกัาร ทำ �งจ้ะพยู่ายู่ามพากัเพ�ยู่รและต่ �งใจ้ศึ)กัษาว้+ชาโดัยู่เต่9มสืต่+ป:ญญาไม#เกั�ยู่จ้คร�านั จ้ะไม#ทำากัารสืมรสืในัต่#างประเทำศึโดัยู่ม+ไดั�ร บัอนั4ญาต่จ้ากักัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมกั#อนั และจ้ะไม#กัระทำาคว้ามผิ+ดัใดั ๆ จ้นัไม#สืามารถศึ)กัษาต่#อไปไดั�หร�อเป=นัเหต่4ให�ทำางราชกัารต่�องบัอกัเล+กัสื ญญาฉบั บันั��หร�อปลดัข้�าพเจ้�าออกัจ้ากัราชกัารหร�อเร�ยู่กัต่ ว้กัล บัต่�นัสื งกั ดั ข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ กัอยู่,#ในัคว้ามคว้บัค4มบั งค บับั ญชา ทำ �งจ้ กัเช�&อฟั:งและประพฤต่+ต่ามคาแนัะนัาข้องทำ,ต่ไทำยู่ในัประเทำศึทำ�&ข้�าพเจ้�ากัาล งศึ)กัษาอยู่,# หร�อผิ,�ทำ�&กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมมอบัหมายู่ให�บั งค บับั ญชาทำ4กัประกัาร

ข้�อ ๓ เม�&อข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�ศึ)กัษาสืาเร9จ้หร�อครบักัาหนัดัเว้ลาต่ามทำ�&กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมกัาหนัดัไว้�แล�ว้ หร�อกัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมให�ข้�าพเจ้�าศึ)กัษาต่#อไปอ�กัเพ�ยู่งใดั หร�อข้�าพเจ้�าต่�องยู่4ต่+กัารศึ)กัษาดั�ว้ยู่กัรณ�ใดั ๆ กั9ต่าม ข้�าพเจ้�าสื ญญาว้#าจ้ะต่�องอยู่,#ร บัราชกัารในักัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมต่#อไปอ�กั นั บัต่ �งแต่#ว้ นัทำ�&มาปฏิ+บั ต่+หนั�าทำ�&หล งจ้ากักัาร

15


ศึ)กัษาค�อ ถ�าไดั�สื#งข้�าพเจ้�าไปศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึ ไม#เกั+นั ๓ เดั�อนั ต่�องร บัราชกัารต่#อไปอ�กัไม#นั�อยู่กัว้#า ๑ ป/ ถ�าไดั�สื#งข้�าพเจ้�าไปศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึ เกั+นักัว้#า ๓ เดั�อนัแต่#ไม#เกั+นั ๖ เดั�อนั ต่�องร บัราชกัารต่#อไปอ�กัไม#นั�อยู่กัว้#า ๒ ป/ ถ�าไดั�สื#งข้�าพเจ้�าไปศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึ เกั+นักัว้#า ๖ เดั�อนั ต่�องร บัราชกัารต่#อไปอ�กัเป=นัเว้ลาไม#นั�อยู่กัว้#า ๒ เทำ#าข้องระยู่ะเว้ลาทำ�&ไดั�สื#งข้�าพเจ้�าไปศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึ แต่#ต่�องไม#นั�อยู่กัว้#า ๓ ป/ หร�ออยู่#างสื,งไม#เกั+นั ๑๐ ป/ อ�กัทำ �งข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะไม#ลาออกัจ้ากัราชกัารกั#อนัครบักัาหนัดัทำ�&กัล#าว้แล�ว้ หร�อจ้ะไม#กัระทำาคว้ามผิ+ดัใดั ๆ จ้นัเป=นัเหต่4ให�ทำางราชกัารต่�องปลดัข้�าพเจ้�าออกัจ้ากัราชกัาร ในักัรณ�ทำ�&ร บัราชกัารชดัใช�ต่ามสื ญญาฉบั บัอ�&นัยู่ งไม#ครบักัาหนัดัให�นั บัต่#อจ้ากัว้ นัครบักัาหนัดัต่ามสื ญญาฉบั บันั �นั ๆ เป=นัต่�นัไป แต่#ม+ให�นั บัเว้ลาทำ�&ไปศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึเป=นัเว้ลาร บัราชกัารชดัใช�

ข้�อ ๔ ถ�ากัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมสื &งให�ข้�าพเจ้�ากัล บัจ้ากัต่#างประเทำศึไม#ว้#ากัรณ�ใดั ๆ ข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ กัต่�องกัล บัทำ นัทำ�และยู่อมให�ถ�อเสืม�อนัว้#าไดั�ศึ)กัษาครบัต่ามทำ�&กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมไดั�กัาหนัดัไว้�แล�ว้ และข้�าพเจ้�ายู่อมปฏิ+บั ต่+ต่ามสื ญญาข้�อ ๓ ทำ4กัประกัาร

ข้�อ ๕ หากัข้�าพเจ้�าประพฤต่+ผิ+ดัสื ญญาฉบั บันั��ดั�ว้ยู่ประกัารใดั ๆ ข้�าพเจ้�ายู่+นัยู่อมให�ทำางราชกัารเร�ยู่กัต่ ว้กัล บัหร�อปลดัข้�าพเจ้�าออกัจ้ากัราชกัารไดั� โดัยู่ทำางราชกัารม+ต่�องร บัผิ+ดัในัค#าเสื�ยู่หายู่อยู่#างใดั ๆ ทำ �งข้�าพเจ้�ายู่อมชดัใช�เง+นัให�แกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมเป=นัจ้านัว้นั ๓ เทำ#าข้องเง+นัรายู่เดั�อนั และค#าใช�จ้#ายู่หร�อค#าเสื�ยู่หายู่ทำ �งสื+�นัทำ�&ไดั�จ้#ายู่ให�หร�อจ้#ายู่แทำนัข้�าพเจ้�าเนั�&องในักัารศึ)กัษานั��จ้นัครบัถ�ว้นัทำ นัทำ�ทำ�&ทำว้งถาม เว้�นัแต่#ในักัรณ�ทำ�&ข้�าพเจ้�าปDว้ยู่โดัยู่ม+ไดั�เกั+ดัข้)�นัเพราะคว้ามผิ+ดัข้องข้�าพเจ้�า ซึ่)&งแพทำยู่1ทำ�&กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมยู่อมร บัไม#นั�อยู่กัว้#า ๓ นัายู่ ไดั�ต่รว้จ้และร บัรองว้#าเป=นัผิ,�ไม#สืามารถจ้ะประกัอบักั+จ้กัารเกั�&ยู่ว้กั บัว้+ทำยู่ากัารนั �นัไดั� และกัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมไดั�อนั4ญาต่แล�ว้ หากัข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�ร บัราชกัารไปบั�างแล�ว้ แต่#ยู่ งไม#ครบักัาหนัดัต่ามสื ญญาฉบั บันั�� กัารชดัใช�เง+นัยู่#อมลดัลงต่ามสื#ว้นั โดัยู่ชดัใช�เฉพาะเว้ลาร บัราชกัารทำ�&ยู่ งข้าดัอยู่,# ซึ่)&งเฉล�&ยู่จ้ากัจ้านัว้นัเง+นัทำ�&จ้ะต่�องชดัใช�ทำ �งหมดัจ้นัครบัถ�ว้นัทำ นัทำ�ทำ�&ทำว้งถามเช#นักั นั หากัข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�เข้�าร บัราชกัารให�ถ�อว้#าสื ญญานั��คงม�ผิลบั งค บัใช�ไดั�ดั งเดั+ม

16


ข้�อ ๖ ข้�าพเจ้�าข้อร บัรองว้#าเป=นัผิ,�ม�ค4ณสืมบั ต่+ทำ &ว้ไปครบัถ�ว้นัอยู่,#ในัหล กัเกัณฑ์1ถ,กัต่�องต่ามข้�อบั งค บักัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมว้#าดั�ว้ยู่กัารศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึทำ4กัประกัารและจ้ กัไม#ร�องข้อสื+ทำธ+ใดั ๆ ยู่+&งกัว้#าทำ�&ทำางราชกัารกัาหนัดัให�

ข้�อ ๗ หากัผิ,�ค�าประกั นัข้องข้�าพเจ้�าต่ามหนั งสื�อสื ญญาฉบั บันั��ต่ายู่ หร�อสืาบัสื,ญหร�อไร�คว้ามสืามารถ หร�อเสืม�อนัไร�คว้ามสืามารถ หร�อลดัสืถานัภาพ หร�อกัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมให�เปล�&ยู่นั หร�อเพ+&มผิ,�ค�าประกั นั หร�อหล กัทำร พยู่1ประกั นั ข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ กัแจ้�งและจ้ ดัหาผิ,�ค�าประกั นัแทำนั หร�อเพ+&ม หร�อว้างหล กัทำร พยู่1ประกั นัเพ+&มภายู่ในั ๖๐ ว้ นั นั บัแต่#ทำราบัเหต่4 หร�อร บัแจ้�ง

ข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�อ#านัและเข้�าใจ้ข้�อคว้ามในัหนั งสื�อสื ญญาฉบั บันั��โดัยู่ต่ลอดัแล�ว้ จ้)งไดั�ลงลายู่ม�อช�&อไว้�เป=นัสืาค ญต่#อหนั�าพยู่านั

(ลงลายู่ม�อช�&อ) ผิ,�ให�สื ญญา( )

(ลงลายู่ม�อช�&อ) ค,#สืมรสื/ผิ,�แทำนัโดัยู่ชอบัธรรม

( )(ลงลายู่ม�อช�&อ) พยู่านั


( )

17


A-2: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship ContractA-2: Ministry of Defense’s Scholarship Contract by Others by Others

ปรากัฏิต่ามสืาเนัาบั ต่รประจ้าต่ ว้ สืาเนัาทำะเบั�ยู่นับั�านั สืาเนัาทำะเบั�ยู่นัสืมรสื หนั งสื�อยู่+นัยู่อมและหล กัฐานัอ�&นัๆ ทำ�&แนับัทำ�ายู่หนั งสื�อสื ญญาฉบั บันั�� ข้อทำาสื ญญาค�าประกั นัให�ไว้�แกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมดั งข้�อคว้ามต่#อไปนั��

ข้�อ ๑ ต่ามทำ�& ไดั�ร บัอนั4ม ต่+จ้ากัทำางราชกัารให�ไปศึ)กัษา ฝึKกัอบัรม ดั,งานั ณ และไดั�ทำาสื ญญาไว้�ต่#อกัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมต่ามสื ญญาฉบั บั ลงว้ นัทำ�& เดั�อนั พ.ศึ.

นั �นั ข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�ทำราบัและเข้�าใจ้ข้�อคว้ามในัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้ดั�โดัยู่ต่ลอดัแล�ว้ จ้)งข้อทำาสื ญญาค�าประกั นัไว้�ต่#อกัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมว้#า ถ�า

กัระทำาผิ+ดัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้ไม#ว้#าข้�อหนั)&งข้�อใดั ดั�ว้ยู่ประกัารใดั ๆ ข้�าพเจ้�ายู่+นัยู่อมชาระหนั��ต่ามข้�อผิ,กัพ นัทำ�&ระบั4ไว้�ในัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้นั �นัทำ �งสื+�นัทำ4กัประกัารให�แกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมทำ นัทำ� โดัยู่กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมจ้าต่�องเร�ยู่กัร�องให�

ชาระหนั��กั#อนัและข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะร บัผิ+ดัชอบัต่ามสื ญญานั��ต่ลอดัไปจ้นักัว้#าจ้ะม�กัารชาระหนั��ครบัเต่9มจ้านัว้นั

ในักัรณ�ทำ�& ไดั�ร บัอนั4ม ต่+จ้ากัทำางราชกัารให�ข้ยู่ายู่เว้ลาอยู่,#ศึ)กัษาฯ ต่#อดั�ว้ยู่ทำ4นัหร�อเง+นัอ�&นัใดักั9ต่าม แม�กัารข้ยู่ายู่เว้ลาอยู่,#ศึ)กัษาฯ ต่#อนั �นั จ้ะเป=นักัารเปล�&ยู่นัแปลงสืาข้าว้+ชา ระดั บักัารศึ)กัษาฯ สืถานัศึ)กัษาฯ หร�อประเทำศึทำ�&ศึ)กัษาฯ ไปจ้ากัเดั+ม และแม�ว้#ากัารข้ยู่ายู่เว้ลาอยู่,#ศึ)กัษาต่#อนั �นั กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมจ้ะไดั�แจ้�งหร�อม+ไดั�แจ้�งให�ข้�าพเจ้�าทำราบักั9ต่าม ให�ถ�อว้#าข้�าพเจ้�าต่กัลงร บัเป=นัผิ,�ค�าประกั นั ต่#อไปอ�กัต่ลอดัช#ว้งระยู่ะเว้ลาทำ�& ไดั�ข้ยู่ายู่เว้ลาศึ)กัษาฯ ต่#อดั งกัล#าว้ดั�ว้ยู่ และถ�า กัระทำาผิ+ดัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้ ไม#ว้#าข้�อหนั)&งข้�อใดั ดั�ว้ยู่ประกัารใดั ๆ ข้�าพเจ้�ายู่+นัยู่อมชาระหนั��ต่ามข้�อผิ,กัพ นัทำ�&ระบั4ไว้�ในัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้นั �นั ทำ �งสื+�นัทำ4กัประกัารให�แกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมทำ นัทำ� โดัยู่กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมม+จ้าต่�องเร�ยู่กัร�องให� ชาระหนั��กั#อนั และข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะร บัผิ+ดัชอบัต่ามสื ญญานั��ต่ลอดัไป จ้นักัว้#าจ้ะม�กัารชาระหนั��ครบัเต่9มจ้านัว้นั

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ข้�อ ๒ ในัระหว้#างเว้ลาทำ�& ศึ)กัษาในัต่#างประเทำศึอยู่,#นั �นั ถ�า ไดั�ทำาหนั��สื+นัเกั+ดัข้)�นัไม#ว้#ากัรณ�ใดั ๆ ข้�าพเจ้�ายู่+นัยู่อมชาระหนั��แทำนัให�ทำ �งสื+�นัแกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมทำ นัทำ� โดัยู่กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมม+จ้าต่�องเร�ยู่กัร�องให� ชาระหนั��กั#อนั และข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะร บัผิ+ดัชอบัต่ลอดัไปจ้นักัว้#าจ้ะม�กัารชาระหนั��ครบัเต่9มจ้านัว้นั

ข้�อ ๓ ไม#ว้#าในักัรณ�ใดั ๆ ทำ�&กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมผิ#อนัเว้ลาหร�อผิ#อนัจ้านัว้นัเง+นัในักัารชาระหนั��ต่ามสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้ให�แกั# โดัยู่จ้ะไดั�แจ้�งหร�อม+ไดั�แจ้�งให�ข้�าพเจ้�าทำราบักั9ต่าม ให�ถ�อว้#าข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�ต่กัลงยู่+นัยู่อมในักัารผิ#อนัเว้ลา หร�อผิ#อนัจ้านัว้นัเง+นัในักัารชาระหนั��นั �นัดั�ว้ยู่ทำ4กัคร �ง และข้�าพเจ้�ายู่อมม+ให�เอากัารผิ#อนัเว้ลาหร�อผิ#อนัจ้านัว้นัเง+นัในักัารชาระหนั��ดั งกัล#าว้เป=นัเหต่4ปลดัเปล��องคว้ามร บัผิ+ดัชอบัข้องข้�าพเจ้�า และข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะร บัผิ+ดัชอบัในัฐานัะผิ,�ค�าประกั นัต่ามสื ญญานั��ต่ลอดัไปจ้นักัว้#าจ้ะม�กัารชาระหนั��ครบัเต่9มจ้านัว้นั

ข้�อ ๔ ข้�าพเจ้�าไม#พ�นัจ้ากัคว้ามร บัผิ+ดัชอบัต่ามสื ญญาค�าประกั นัในักัรณ�ทำ�&

ไดั�ทำาสื ญญาให�ไว้�แกั#กัระทำรว้งกัลาโหมโดัยู่คว้ามสืาค ญผิ+ดั หร�อม+ไดั�เป=นัไปต่ามบัทำบั ญญ ต่+อ นัว้#าดั�ว้ยู่คว้ามสืามารถข้องบั4คคลต่ามกัฎหมายู่ หร�อเจ้�าหนั��ยู่อมผิ#อนัเว้ลาให�

ข้�อ ๕ ข้�าพเจ้�าจ้ะไม#เพ+กัถอนักัารค�าประกั นัในัระหว้#างทำ�&

ต่�องร บัผิ+ดัชอบัอยู่,#ต่ามเง�&อนัไข้ในัสื ญญาลาศึ)กัษา ฝึKกัอบัรม ดั,งานั ต่ามทำ�&ระบั4ไว้�ในัสื ญญาดั งกัล#าว้

ข้�อ ๖ ข้�าพเจ้�าม�รายู่ไดั�และทำร พยู่1สื+นัม�ม,ลค#าไม#ต่&ากัว้#าจ้านัว้นัเง+นัทำ�&จ้ะต่�องชดัใช�ให�แกั#ทำางราชกัารซึ่)&งม�หล กัฐานักัารประเม+นัราคาหล กัทำร พยู่1จ้ากัทำางราชกัารทำ�&เกั�&ยู่ว้ข้�อง ต่ามบั ญช�ทำ�ายู่สื ญญานั�� โดัยู่ปลอดัภาระผิ,กัพ นัใดั ๆ ในัทำร พยู่1สื+นันั�� ต่ลอดัระยู่ะเว้ลาทำ�&สื ญญาค�าประกั นัฉบั บันั��ยู่ งคงม�ผิลใช�บั งค บัอยู่,# เว้�นัแต่#จ้ะไดั�ร บัคว้ามยู่+นัยู่อมเป=นัหนั งสื�อจ้ากักัระทำรว้งกัลาโหม

ข้�าพเจ้�าไดั�อ#านัและเข้�าใจ้ข้�อคว้ามในัสื ญญาค�าประกั นันั��โดัยู่ต่ลอดัแล�ว้ จ้)งลงลายู่ม�อช�&อไว้�

เป=นัสืาค ญต่#อหนั�าพยู่านั

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(ลงลายู่ม�อช�&อ) ผิ,�ค�าประกั นั( )

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A-3: The Legal Execution Procedure of Seizure in Civil CaseA-3: The Legal Execution Procedure of Seizure in Civil Case

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Business Law Project: Scholarship Contract Civil Procedure

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Transcript of Business Law Project: Scholarship Contract Civil Procedure