Business Economics & Financial Accountancy 2. · PDF fileBusiness Economics & Financial ......

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

Department of Automobile Engineering

III B.Tech. II Semester (AE) 2016-17

1. Business Economics & Financial Accountancy

2. Automobile Engineering Design II

3. Machine Tools & Metrology

4. Instrumentation & Control Systems

5. Non Conventional Energy Sources

VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous)

DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

Subject : Business Economics & Financial Analysis

Subject Code : 13CMS001

Academic Year : 2016-17

Number of working days : 90

Number of Hours / week : 04

Total number of periods planned : 60

Name of the Faculty Member : N. Aruna Kumari

UNIT I

Business & New–Economic environment:

Characteristic features of Business, features and evaluation of sole proprietorship, partnership,

joint stock company, Public enterprises and their types. Changing Business Environment in post–

liberalization scenario.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

After studying this unit, you should be able to :

Define the term Business and explain feature of Business.

Explain the forms of organizing business enterprises.

Determine the factors which help in identifying suitable form of organization.

Pin–point the rationale of the present large-scale presence of public enterprises in our economy.

Outline economic and non-economic objectives of public enterprises.

Analysis various forms of organizing public enterprises.

Explain problems of PEs and also suggest measures to solve the same.

Analyze the changes in business environment ( Recent trends in Business sector )

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1. Define the term Business

what is economic environment

Interests of the business and its types

1st & 2

nd hour PPT + Video

2. Definition of a firm and Characteristic features of

business

3rd

hour Black board

3. Forms of Business Organizations Factors affecting

the choice of selecting form of business

4th

hour Black board + PPT

4. Features & Evaluation of Sole proprietorship and

Partnership business

5th

hour Black board +

Video

5. Features & Evaluation of Joint stock company 6th

& 7th

hour Black board +PPT

6. Evaluation of Public enterprises and their types 8th


7. Changing business environment in post-

liberalization scenario

9th

hour Black board +

Video

ASSIGNEMNTS :

1. What are the characteristics of a business unit?

2. Explain the features of sole trader form of organization. Discuss the advantages and

limitations of sole trader form of organization?

3. Evaluate the partnership form of business organization. How does it overcome the

limitation of proprietary form of business?

4. What qualities do you expect in persons to become good partners in business?

5. What do you understand by Joint Stock Company? What are its salient features?

6. What are the reasons for joint stock company being popular as a form of organization?

7. Discuss the factors affecting the choice of forms of business organization?

8. Distinguish between public limited and private limited company?

9. What is need for public enterprises? Explain the recent achievements of public

enterprises.

10. Explain briefly various steps involved in formation of a company?

11. Distinguish between public corporation and government company?

12. Examine the impact of changes that have taken place in business environment on

business enterprise functioning.

13. What do you understand by privatization & Globalization?

14. Vertically evaluate new industrial policy 1991.

UNIT II

Introduction to business economics, and demand analysis

Definition; Nature and scope of managerial economics - demand analysis determinants; Law of

demand and its exceptions.

Elasticity of demand and demand forecasting

Definition; Types; Measurement and significance of elasticity of demand; Demand forecasting;

Factors governing demand forecasting; Methods of demand forecasting - survey methods,

statistical methods, expert opinion method, test marketing, controlled experiments, and

judgmental approach to demand forecasting.


After studying this unit, Student should be able to :

Define “Managerial Economics”

Identify the factors that constitute scope of Managerial Economics.

Explain significance of Managerial Economics and how it helps business managers in

performing decision – making function.

Define what is Demand

Analyze the important factors determining demand for a commodity.

List out the conditions or situation under which law of demand does not hold good.

Explain assumptions of Law of Demand.

Suggest the appropriate measure to accelerate the product demand.

Measurement of change in Quantity demanded as a result of change in demand

determinant.

How Elasticity of Demand helps businessman in fixing right price for his product.

Factors determining nature of Demand for a product.

Types of Elasticity of Demand and measurement of the same.

Importance of estimating demand for commodities.

Factors to be taken into account while undertaking demand forecasting activity.

Possible approaches to forecast demand of new and established products

S.

No.

Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Introduction to business economics, and

demand analysis

10th

hour PPT + Video

2. Business economics: Definition; Nature and

scope of managerial economics

11th

hour Black board

3. Demand analysis: Definition; Types;

Determinants and Law of demand and its

exceptions.

12th

hour PPT + Video

4. Elasticity of demand: Definition; Types;

Measurement and its significance

13th


5. Demand forecasting: Definition; Factors

affecting demand forecasting;

15th

hour Black board

6. Explanation of Methods of Demand

forecasting:

Survey methods

Statistical methods

Expert opinion method

Test marketing

Controlled experiments, and

Judgmental approach to demand

forecasting

16th

hour Black board

ASSIGNEMNTS:

1. “Managerial Economics is the discipline which deals with the application of economic

theory to business management”. explain

2. Managerial Economics is the study of the allocation of resources available to a firm.

Explain

3. Managerial Economics is prescriptive rather than descriptive in character. Explain this

statement.

4. Discuss in detail the role of economics in Engineering Industry and its influence on the

technical decisions.

5. Define Managerial Economics. Explain its relationship with other branches and also

explain the role of managerial economist in running business enterprise on prudent

commercial practice.

6. What is demand analysis? Explains the factors influencing the demand for a product.

7. What is meant by demand? Everyone desires for an Ambassador CAR – does this mean

that the demand for Ambassador CAR is large?

8. State and explain the law of demand. Are there any exceptions to the law?

9. What is meant by elasticity of demand? Explain by giving suitable examples, how

elasticity of demand determines the price policy of a firm.

10. Explain the concepts and kinds of elasticity of demand that are relevant to the manages of

a firm.

11. What is cross – elasticity of demand? Is it positive for substitutes or for complements?

Show in a diagram the curve relating the demand for coffee to the price of tea

12. Define income – elasticity of demand and distinguish it’s various types? How does

income elasticity differ from price elasticity of demand ?

13. Explain the factors determining Elasticity of demand?

14. What do you mean by demand forecasting? Explain briefly various methods of demand

forecasting?

15. What criteria should be adopted to choose a good forecasting Method to estimate product

demand?

16. What are the factors that are considered while estimating a firms sale? Enumerate the

difficulties in forecasting sale of consumer durables?

UNIT III

Cost analysis

Cost concepts - opportunity cost, fixed vs. variable costs, explicit costs vs. implicit costs, and out

of pocket costs vs. imputed costs; Break-even analysis (BEA) - determination of break-even

point (simple problems), managerial significance, and limitations of BEA.

Capital and capital budgeting

Capital and its significance; Types of capital; Estimation of fixed and working capital

requirements; Methods and sources of raising finance.

Nature and scope of capital budgeting; Features of capital budgeting proposals; Methods of

capital budgeting - payback method, accounting rate of return (ARR), and net present value

method (simple problems)



Define various types of costs

Distinguish between one type of cost and the others.

Analyze the nature of various costs and how they influence the total cost.

Explain the significance of cost analyses in taking right decisions in business enterprises.

Determine the level of output at which there is neither profit nor loss.

Calculate / Identify the volume of sales at which a desired amount of profit can be

earned.

Estimate capital requirements of a business enterprises.

Describe the sources of mobilization of long-term & short-term capital.

Explain factors determining working capital and fixed capital requirements.

Evaluate the investment opportunities in terms of cost and benefit.

Identify the best investment opportunity which yields higher rate of return.

Explain importance of capital budgeting and also explain basic procedure involved in

selection of best investment proposal.

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of Teaching

1. Introduction about Cost analysis and Cost

concepts

17th

hour Black board

2. Evaluation of types of Costs 18th

hour Black board +PPT

3. Break-even analysis (BEA) – Assumptions,

Advantages & Limitations

19 hour Black board

4. Determination of break-even point Simple

problems in BEP

20Th

hour Black board +

Problem solving

5. Capital and capital budgeting and its

significance& Factors determining;

21st hour Black board

6. Types of capital; and Working Capital Cycle 22nd

hour Black board

7. Estimation of fixed and working capital

requirements;

23rd

hour Black board

8. Methods and sources of raising finance. 24th

& 25th

hours

Black board + PPT

9. Nature and scope of capital budgeting; 26th

hour Black board

10. Features of capital budgeting proposals; 27th

hour Black board

11. Methods of capital budgeting –

Payback method,

Accounting rate of return (ARR), and

Net present value method (simple

problems)

28th

& 29th

hour Black board +

Problem solving

ASSIGNEMNTS :

1. Explain the relationship between marginal cost, average cost and total cost, assuming a

short run non – linear cost function ?

2. What is opportunity cost ? Give some examples of opportunity cost. How are these costs

relevant for managerial decisions ?

3. Write short notes on

a. Fixed cost and variable cost

b. Out of pocket costs and imputed cost

c. Explicit cost and Implicit cost.

d. Shutdown cost and Abandonment cost

4. What is meant by break even Analysis ? Explain the uses and limitation of BEP

5. Describe the Break – Even point with the help of diagram and its uses in business

decision – making ?

6. How do you determine BEP in terms of Physical units and sales value ?

7. If sales is 10,000 units and selling price Rs.20 per units, variable cost Rs.10 per unit and

fixed cost is Rs.80000, find out BEP in units and in sales revenue. What is profit earned ?

What should be the sales for earning a project of Rs. 60000 ?

8. The PV ratio of VNRVJIET Ltd. Is 40% and the margin of safety is 30% you are required

to work out the BEP and net profit, if the sales volume is Rs.14000.

9. Sales are Rs.110000 producing a project of Rs.4000 in period – I sales are Rs. 150000

producing a project of Rs,12000 in period – II. Determine BEP and fixed expenses.

10. Describe the institutions providing long term finance.

11. What are the major sources of short term finance?

12. What are the components of working capital? Explain each of them?

13. Explain the following with respect to working capital management

a. Kinds of working capital

b. Significance of maintaining adequate working capital.

c. Estimation of working capital requirements.

14. What do you understand by working capital cycle and what is its importance?

15. What is importance of capital budgeting? Explain the basic steps involved in evaluating

capital budget proposals?

16. What are the merits and limitations of pay backperiod ? How does discounting approach

overcome the limitations of payback method?

17. What is meant by discounting and time value of money? How is it useful in capital

budgeting?

18. A business firm is thinking of choosing the right machines for their purpose after

financial evaluation of the proposal. The initial cost and the net cash flow over years. (

Income less running expenses but not depreciation ) to the business firm have been

calculated for each machine as follows

Machine X

Rs.

Machine Y

Rs.

Initial Cost 20000 28000

Net cash flow 1 year 8000 10000

2 year 12000 12000

3 year 9000 12000

4 year 7000 6000

5 year 6000 6000

Choose the machine based on a. Payback period

b. Accounting rate of return

19. A company has at hand two proposals for consideration ( M and N ). The cost of the

proposals in both the cases is Rs. 500000 each. A discount factor of 12% may be used to

evaluate the proposals. Cash inflows after tax are as under.

Proposal M

Rs.

Proposal N

Rs.

1 year 150000 50000

2 year 200000 150000

3 year 250000 200000

4 year 150000 300000

5 year 100000 200000

Which one will you recommend under present value method.

UNIT-IV

Theory of production

Production function - isoquants and isocosts, least cost combination of inputs, and laws of

returns; Internal and external economics of scale.

Market structures

Types of competition; Features of perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition;

Price-output determination in case of perfect competition and monopoly.

Pricing policies and methods

Cost plus pricing; Marginal cost pricing; Sealed bid pricing; Going rate pricing, Limit pricing,

Market skimming pricing, Penetration pricing, Two-part pricing, Block pricing, Bundling

pricing, Peak load pricing, Cross subsidization.

Learning Objectives:

Define “Production Function”

Classify various production Functions.

Explain Input – Output relationship in the short – run and in the long – run

Identify least cost combination of inputs.

Find out the different combinations of inputs which yields a desired amount of output.

Explain the economies and diseconomies of large scale production / business operations.

Classify the markets based on type of completion prevailing for a product

Explain the role of time factor in the determination of price.

Also explain price – out determination in different market situation.

Describe the features of different markets.

Explain different pricing strategies.

Analysis the situations under which what type of price strategy must be adopted in

pricing the products.


1. Introduction about production and market 30th

hour Black board + Video

2. Theory of production: Production function &

Assumptions

31st hour Black board

3. Types of production Functions, their utility:

isoquants and isocosts,

32nd

& 33rd

hours

Black board + PPT

4. Laws of production Function; least cost

combination of inputs, and laws of returns;

34th

& 35th


5. Internal and external economics of scale. 36th

hour Black board

6. Market structures and Types 37th

& 38th


7. Competition; Features of perfect, monopoly,

and monopolistic competition;

39th

hour Black board + Video

8. Price-output determination in case of types of

competitions

40th


9. Pricing policies and methods

Cost plus pricing; Marginal cost pricing;

Sealed bid pricing; Going rate pricing,

Limit pricing, Market skimming pricing,

Penetration pricing, Two-part pricing,

Block pricing, Bundling pricing, Peak load

pricing, Cross subsidization.

41st & 42

nd hour Black board + PPT

ASSIGNEMNTS:

1. Define production function, Discuss in detail the different types of production function.

2. What is meant by internal and external economies of scale ?what are its sources ? And

what are various types of internal economies available to a firm ?

3. Explain and illustrate the “ Law of Diminishing Returns “ and “Law of Returns to scale?

4. What is optimum combination ? Explain the principles of least cost combination of

factors

5. Distinguish between Law of Diminishing returns and law of returns to scale?

6. What are isocosts and Isoquants ? Do they intersect each others ?

7. Explain the following with reference to production function ?

a. Marginal rate of technical substitution ( MRTS )

b. Variable proportions of factors

8. Compare between monopoly and perfect competition or Distinguish between perfect and

Imperfect markets?

9. What is price discrimination? What are the essential conditions for price discrimination?

10. What are the causes for the emergence of monopoly?

11. Explain the objectives of pricing and determinants of price of a product?

12. What are the features of monopolistic competition? How is it different from monopoly?

13. Explain how the price is determined under conditions of perfect competition. Illustrate

this with help of diagram?

14. Define monopoly. How is price under monopoly determined?

15. What are the various popular pricing practices? Which of them are most suitable for a

firm facing competition?

UNIT V

Introduction to financial accounting

Double-entry book keeping; Journal; Ledger; Trial balance; Final accounts - trading account,

profit and loss account, and balance sheet with simple adjustments.

Financial analysis through ratios

Computation; Analysis and interpretation of liquidity ratios - current ratio, and quick ratio;

Activity ratios - inventory turnover ratio, and debtor turnover ratio; Capital structure ratios –

debt-equity ratio, and interest coverage ratio; Profitability ratios - gross profit ratio, net profit

ratio, operating ratio, P/E ratio, and EPs.



Record the business transaction systematically in the books of accounts.

Post journal entries into concerned accounts in the ledger book.

Find out the gross and net results of business operations.

Prepare balance sheet at the end of business year.

Distinguish between fixed assets and current assets, Deft and equity, Gross profit and net

profit, Debtors and creditors.

Explain the basic accounting concepts and conventions and also give examples.

Analyze the liquidity, solvency, profitability of the business organization.

Calculate liquidity ratios, activities ratio, solvency ratios and profitability ratios

Elaborate the importance of finance function for evaluating the economic status of a

business unit.

Explain how different ratios help concerned parties in interpreting financial position of

business in general and interested financial aspect of business in particular.


1. Introduction to financial accounting 43rd

& 44th


2. Double-entry book keeping; 45th

hour Black board

3. Journal; Ledger; Trial balance; 46th

& 47th

hour Black board+ PPT

4. Final accounts - trading account, 48th

& 49th


5. Profit and loss account and balance sheet with

simple adjustments.

50th

& 51st hour Black board+ PPT

6. Financial analysis through ratios &

Computation;

52nd

& 53rd


7. Analysis and interpretation of liquidity ratios:

current ratio, and quick ratio;

54th


8. Analysis and interpretation of Activity ratios -

inventory turnover ratio, and

debtor turnover ratio;

55th


9. Analysis and interpretation of Capital

structure ratios – debt-equity ratio, and

interest coverage ratio;

56th


10. Analysis and interpretation of Profitability

ratios –Gross profit ratio, Net profit ratio,

Operating ratio, P/E ratio, and EPs.

57th

hour Black board +

Problem Solving

12. Problems Practice 58th

hour Black board +

Problem Solving

ASSIGNEMNTS :

1. Explain the basic accounting concepts and conventions. Give examples.

2. What do you understand by double entry book keeping ? What are its advantages?

3. What is Journal ? How is it ruled?

4. Define ledger ? state what is meant by sub division ledger

5. What is three column cash book? What is contra entry? Illustrate

6. What “Trial Balance”? State the main objectives of preparing the Trial Balance. Explain

the rules of preparing the trial balance.

7. What do you mean by final accounts? What are its constituents? Name them and briefly

explain the purpose of each of them.

8. What are financial statements ? Why they needed? How are they prepared?

9. Pass Journal entries for the following transactions in the books of M/s. Raghu on 1st

August,2003 commenced business with Rs.100000

Rs.

4.8.2003 Purchased goods 25000

5.8.2003 Purchased furniture 4000

6.8.2003 Opened bank account with 50000

10.8.2003 Sold goods 15000

11.8.2003 Sold goods to srihari 10000

15.8.2003 Purchased goods from kalyan 5000

16.8.2003 Paid commission 100

20.8.2003 Printing & stationery 250

25.8.2003 Purchased typewriter 2500

21.8.2003 Drawn money from bank 6000

27.8.2003 Received interest 150

30.8.2003 Paid rent 1500 and salary 800

10. Journalize the following transactions and post them to the ledger.

a. Ram invests Rs.10000 in cash

b. He bought goods worth Rs.2000 from shyam

c. He bought a machine for Rs.5000 from Lakshman on account

d. He paid to Lakshman Rs.2000

e. He sold goods for cash Rs.3000

f. He sold goods to ‘A’ on account Rs.4000

g. He paid to Shyam Rs.1000

h. He received amount from ‘A’ Rs.2000

11. In the books of Vani prepare trading, profit & loss account and balance sheet for the year

endings 31st March 2003 from the following particulars.

Rs.

1 Opening stock 5000

2 Salaries 500

3 Sales 70400

4 Motor car 25000

5 Traveling expenses 700

6 Cash in hand 5000

7 Capital 30000

8 Interest 1800

9 Bills receivables 4000

10 Wages 2000

11 Furniture & Fixtures 3600

12 Sundry debtors 14000

13 Lighting 350

14 Printing & Stationery 100

15 Postage 50

16 Returns inwards 6000

17 Purchase 25000

18 Commission 1500

19 Bank balance 10000

20 Advertisement 1000

21 Sundry creditors 5200

Adjustments

1. Closing stock Rs.40000

2. Write off bad debts Rs.100

3. Prepaid commission Rs.200

4. Outstanding salaries Rs.150

12. What are the types of financial statements of a business unit and explain how differently

they interpret the financial data

13. Explain the concept of ‘Liquidity’ and narrate its importance through suitable examples

with some assured data.

14. What do you understand by ‘solvency’ position of a manufacturing organization? How is

it evaluated? Illustrate with assumed data.

15. State the different types of turnover ratios and profitability ratios and explain their

significance.

16. As a financial analyst, what precautions would you take while interpreting ratios

meaning-fully?

17. Selected financial information about siri traders limited as given below :

2001 2002

Sales 600000 430000

Cost of goods sold 570000 325000

Debtors 72000 30000

Inventories 114000 55000

Cash 15000 8000

Other current assets 40000 27000

Current liabilities 160000 110000

Compute the current ratio, quick ratio, debt collection period and inventory turnover ratios

for the above two years and comment on the result.

***


(Autonomous)


Subject : Automobile Engineering Design-II

Subject Code : 13AED006

Academic Year : 2016 – 17




Name of the Faculty Member : Praveen Kumar T

Course Prerequisites: Mechanics of Solids, Automobile Engineering Design-I, Material science

and Technical Drawing.

Course Objectives:

Understand the theoretical and practical skills to model and design machine elements.

Understand the techniques to assemble components into simple mechanical systems.

Understand the failure analysis of various materials under static and dynamic loading

conditions.

Learning Outcomes:

Student should be able to

Design and analyze simple machine components gears, shafts and bearings.

Determine when a component will fail statically given loading conditions.

Determine when a component will fail under dynamic conditions given loading and life

requirements.

Course Plan:

S. No. Description of Topic Number

of Hours

Method of

Teaching

UNIT-I BEARINGS

1 Types of Journal bearings, Lubrication, Bearing Modulus 02 PPT & Video

2 Full and partial bearings, Clearance ratio 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

3 Heat dissipation of bearings, bearing materials 01 Chalk & Board

4 journal bearing design, Ball and roller bearings 02 Chalk & Board

5 journal bearing design, Static loading of ball and roller

bearings 02 Chalk & Board

6 Bearing life, Bearing selection. 02 Chalk & Board

7 Tutorials 04 Chalk & Board

UNIT – II ENGINE PARTS , CONNECTING ROD, DESIGN OF VEHICLE GEAR BOX

7 Pistons, Forces acting on piston 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

8 Construction, design and proportions of piston 02 PPT, Chalk &

Board

9 Construction, design and proportions Cylinder 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

10 Construction, design and proportions of Cylinder liners. 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

11 Thrust in connecting rod, stress due to whipping action on

connecting rod ends 02 Chalk & Board

12 Cranks and Crank shafts, 02 Chalk & Board

13 strength and proportions of over hung 01 Chalk & Board

14 Overview of Center cranks; Crank pins, Crank shafts. 02 Chalk & Board

15 Design of Vehicle Gear Box

3 speed gear box and 4 speed gear box 02

PPT, Chalk &

Board

16 Steering gear Mechanism Design 01 Chalk & Board

17 Tutorials 05 Chalk & Board

UNIT III DESIGN OF CURVED BEAMS, POWER TRANSMISSIONS SYSTEMS,

PULLEYS

17 Introduction, stresses in curved beams 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

18 Expression for radius of neutral axis for rectangular,

circular, trapezoidal and T-Section. 02

PPT, Chalk &

Board

19 Design of crane hooks 01 Chalk & Board

20 Design of C– clamps. 01 Chalk & Board

21 Transmission of power by Belt and Rope drives 02 Chalk & Board

22 Transmission efficiencies; Belts (Flat and V types),Ropes 01 Chalk & Board

23 pulleys for belt and rope drives 02 Chalk & Board

24 Materials, Chain drives 02 Chalk & Board

Tutorials 04 Chalk & Board

UNIT IV SPUR AND HELICAL GEAR DRIVES

25 Introduction: Spur gears- Helical gears 02 PPT & Video

26 Load concentration factor – Dynamic load factor. 02 Chalk & Board

27 Surface compressive strength – Bending strength 02 Chalk & Board

28 Design analysis of spur gears 02 Chalk & Board

29 Estimation of centre distance, module and face width, check

for plastic deformation 02 Chalk & Board

30 Check for dynamic and wear considerations. 02 Chalk & Board


UNIT V CLUTCHES AND BRAKES

31 Torque transmitting capacity 01 PPT, Chalk &

Board

32 Multi-disc clutches, friction materials, cone clutches 02 Chalk & Board

33 Centrifugal clutch, energy equation, thermal considerations 02 Chalk & Board

34 Energy Equations 01 Chalk & Board

35 Block break with short shoe, block brake and pivoted block

break with long shoe 02 Chalk & Board

36 Internal expanding brake, band brakes 01 Chalk & Board

37 Disc brakes and thermal considerations 02 Chalk & Board


TEXT BOOKS:

1. Machine Design by V. Bhandari; Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill.

2. Machine Design by R. L. Norton

REFERENCES:

1. Mechanics of Materials (SI Units) by Beer & Johnson; Publisher: McGraw Hill.

2. Data Books: P.S.G. College of Technology

3. Mechanical Engineering Design by J. E. Shigley

4. Machine Design by R. S. Khurmi & J. S. Gupta; Publisher: Sultan Chand.

5. Machine Design (SI Units) by Schaums Outline Series; Publisher: McGraw Hill.


(Autonomous)


Subject : Machine Tools and Metrology

Subject Code : 13AED007





Name of the Faculty Member : Dr. M. Venkata Ramana

Course Objectives:

Describe constructional features of various machine tools

Explain different machining operations and applications

Understand the basic concepts of limits, fits and tolerances

Identify devices and measurement techniques for various applications

Course Outcomes (COs): Upon completion of this course, students should be able to:

Demonstrate constructional features of various machine tools

Appraise different machining operations and applications

Use of limits, fits and tolerances

Practice measurement techniques for various applications

UNIT: I

Syllabus:

THEORY OF METAL CUTTING THEORY Elements of cutting process, classification of cutting tools, geometry of single point tool,

orthogonal cutting, chip formation and types of chips, force relationships (Merchant’s force

circle), velocity relationships, cutting speeds, feed, depth of cut, tool wear and tool life, coolants,

machinability and tool materials.

ENGINE LATHE Principle of working, classification of lathes, lathe specifications, parts of lathe, work holders,

tool holders, lathe attachments, operations performed and machining time.

TURRET AND CAPSTAN LATHES - Principal features.

AUTOMATIC LATHES - Classification and principal features.

Learning objectives: after completion of the unit, the student must able to:

Define the term metal cutting

Describe the elements of cutting process

Define the various angles of single point cutting tool with neat sketch

List out the different types of chips and explain in detail

Compare and contrast the orthogonal and oblique cutting

List out the assumptions of MERCHANT’S circle diagram with neat sketch

Derive the relationship between the different forces developed in metal cutting

Define the term machinability and explain the effects of different factors on it

Define the term tool life and explain the effects of different cutting parameters on it

List out the different types of coolants and their applications

List out the different tool materials and select the tool material for different work piece material

Classify the different types of machine tools

Classify the different types of lathes?

List out the main parts of centre lathe? And explain their feature?

List out the Operations performed in a centre lathe? Explain them with neat sketch?

List out the different types of Taper turning methods? Explain any one with neat sketch?

Explain the process of thread cutting on lathe?

Differentiate between Capstan and turret lathes?

Classify the different types of automatic lathes? Differentiate between parallel and

progressive automatic lathes?

Lecture Plan

S.No. Description of Topic No. of Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1. Elements of cutting process, classification of

cutting tools, geometry of single point tool

1st & 2

nd hour Black board

2.

orthogonal cutting, chip formation and types

of chips, force relationships (Merchant’s

force circle)

3rd

& 4th

hour Black board

3. Velocity relationships, cutting speeds, feed,

depth of cut, tool wear and tool life, coolants

5th

hour & 6th

hour

Black board

4.

Machinability and tool materials.

ENGINE LATHE Principle of working, classification of lathes,

lathe specifications

7th

hour & 8th

hour

Black board + Video

5. Parts of lathe, work holders, tool holders,

lathe attachments

9th

hour & 10th

hour

Black board

6. Operations performed and machining time. 11

th hour & 12

th

hour

Black board + Video

7. TURRET AND CAPSTAN LATHES - Principal features.

13th

hour & 14th

hour

Black board

8. AUTOMATIC LATHES - Classification

and principal features.

15th

hour & 16th

hour

Black board

Assignment – I

1. Define metal cutting process? Explain the process of chip formation in metal cutting

process?

2. Write and explain the nomenclature of single point cutting tool with detailed diagram?

3. Define tool life? How the tool life is relevance to tool wear?

4. List out the basic elements of machine tools?

5. List out the types of drives used in lathes. And explain briefly with neat sketches

6. How the apron mechanism of a lathe works? Explain with the help of neat diagram

7. Explain the use and application of face plate?

8. Describe the construction and use of different types of mandrels

9. Distinguish between the steady and follower rest

10. Describe the taper turning attachment of a lathe. List out the advantages and

disadvantages over other methods of taper turning

11. Explain the procedure for thread cutting on lathe

12. Derive an expression to determine the machining time on lathe.

13. List out the main parts of capstan and turret lathes. Describe in brief with the help of

suitable sketches

14. Classify the automatic lathes in detail. Mention their main features.

15. Compare multi spindle progressive and parallel type automatic machines

UNIT: II

Syllabus:

MILLING MACHINE Principle of working, classification of milling machines, specifications, principal features of

horizontal, vertical and universal milling machines, milling cutters, operations performed,

indexing and machining time.

SHAPING, SLOTTING AND PLANNING MACHINES Principle of working, principal parts, specification, classifications, operations performed and

machining time.

DRILLING AND BORING MACHINES Principle of working, principal parts, specification, classifications and operations performed.

Learning objectives : After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

Describe the working principle of milling machine with neat sketch

Classify various types of milling machines

List out specifications of milling machine

List out the different types of milling cutters & explain their functions.

List out different operations performed on milling machine

Differentiate between shaper and planner?

Differentiate Shaper and slotter?

Describe with the help of neat sketch, the working principle of drilling machine

Classify various types of drilling machines

List out and explain the different operations those are performed on drilling machine

Describe with the help of neat sketch, the working principle of boring machine

Classify various types of drilling machines

Lecture Plan


1. MILLING MACHINE Principle of working, classification of milling

machines, specifications,

17th


2. Principal features of horizontal, vertical and

universal milling machines

18th

hours Black board + PPT +

Video

3. Milling cutters, operations performed,

indexing and machining time.

19th


4.

SHAPING MACHINES Principle of

working, principal parts, specification,

classifications, operations performed and

machining time.

20th

& 21st hours Black board + PPT +

Video

5.

SLOTTING MACHINES Principle of



machining time

22rd

& 23th


+ Video

6.

PLANNING MACHINES Principle of



machining time

24th

& 25th


+ Video

7.

DRILLING MACHINES Principle of working, principal parts,

specification, classifications and operations

performed

26th

& 27th


8.

BORING MACHINES Principle of working, principal parts,

specification, classifications and operations

performed.

28th


+ Video

Assignment – II

1. Derive an expression for calculating the cutting speed of a shaper

2. Describe in brief the punch slotter and tool room slotter

3. How you will adjust the length of stroke and the ram position in a shaper?

4. Compare the vertical shaper and slotter machines

5. Distinguish between shaper and planner

6. Describe the Belt drive mechanism used for driving the table of a planer

UNIT: III

Syllabus:

GRINDING MACHINE Fundamentals, classification of grinding machine, cylindrical and surface grinding machine, tool

and cutter grinding machine, different types of abrasives, bonds specification of a grinding wheel

and selection of a grinding wheel.

INTRODUCTION TO LAPPING, HONING AND BROACHING MACHINES -

COMPARISON TO GRINDING.

INTRODUCTION TO JIGS AND FIXTURES.

SYSTEMS OF LIMITS AND FITS: Introduction, normal size, tolerance limits, deviations, allowance, fits and their types - unilateral

and bilateral tolerance system, hole and shaft basis systems - Interchangeability and selective

assembly.

INTRODUCTION TO STANDARD SYSTEMS.

LINEAR MEASUREMENT: Length standard, line and end standard, slip gauges, gauges, dial indicator, vernier caliper and

micrometer.

MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES AND TAPERS:

Different methods – Bevel protractor, angle slip gauges, spirit levels and sine bar.

FLAT SURFACE MEASUREMENT:

Measurement of flat surfaces, instruments used, straight edges and surface plates.

Learning objectives: After completion of the unit, the student must able to:

1. List out various types of abrasives and explain how a grinding wheel is selected for

different operations.

2. Classify various types of grinding machines

3. Compare grinding with lapping and honing

4. Differentiate between Metrology & Metallurgy.

5. Differentiate between Limits & Fits, Tolerances.

6. Discuss the limits & fits, tolerances and their uses in Automobile, HMT Industries.

7. Identify whether the following fits are Hole – based or Shaft – based. Convert of H7 –

C8, J6 – h5, H6 – n5. etc. into their counter parts.

8. Explain Selective assembly and Interchangeability concept with suitable examples,

graphs used.

9. Explain the linear Measurement and its uses in Industry.

10. Mention the types of slip gauges as per IS: 2984 – 1966.

11. Calibrate the slip gauges and dial indicators.

12. List the types of Micrometers and how to calibrate.

13. Explain the construction details of Bevel protractor, Angle slip gauges and Sine bars.

14. Identify the materials used for Sine plate, Rollers and Spheres and their uses.

15. Measure the flat surfaces using – straight edges– surface plates – optical flat and auto

collimator.

Lecture Plan


1.

GRINDING MACHINE Fundamentals, classification of grinding

machine, cylindrical and surface grinding

machine, tool and cutter grinding machine,

29th

& 30th

hour Black board + PPT +

Video

2.

Different types of abrasives, bonds

specification of a grinding wheel and

selection of a grinding wheel.

31st & 32


3.

INTRODUCTION TO LAPPING,

HONING AND BROACHING

MACHINES - COMPARISON TO

GRINDING.

33rd

& 34th

hour Black board + PPT +

Video

4. INTRODUCTION TO JIGS AND

FIXTURES.

35th

& 36th


5. SYSTEMS OF LIMITS AND FITS: Introduction, normal size, tolerance limits,

deviations, allowance, fits and their types

37th


6.

Unilateral and bilateral tolerance system, hole

and shaft basis systems - Interchangeability

and selective assembly.

38th

& 39th

hour

Black board + PPT

7. INTRODUCTION TO STANDARD

SYSTEMS.

40th

& 41st hour Black board + PPT

8.

LINEAR MEASUREMENT: Length

standard, line and end standard, slip gauges,

gauges, dial indicator, vernier caliper and

micrometer.

42nd


9.

MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES AND

TAPERS: Different methods – Bevel

protractor, angle slip gauges, spirit levels and

sine bar.

43th

& 44th

hour

Black board + PPT

10. FLAT SURFACE MEASUREMENT: Measurement of flat surfaces, instruments

used, straight edges and surface plates.

45th

& 46th

hour

Black board + PPT

Assignment – III

1. Explain the constructional features with neat sketch of a universal milling machine.

2. Describe, with the help of suitable sketches, the various types of vices and other work

holding devices commonly used on milling machines

3. Differentiate between up and down milling

4. List out various types of milling cutters and explain with neat sketches

5. Explain with the help neat sketch, the working of a universal dividing head

6. Differentiate the terms drilling, reaming and boring

7. What is an upright drilling machine and how it differs from a sensitive drill

8. Differentiate multi spindle and gang drilling machine

9. Describe the main constructional features of a horizontal boring machine

10. What is meant by Grinding? Write the specification of grinding wheel and explain in

detail each element in it.

11. What are the essential factors to be considered while choosing a grinding wheel

12. Explain the terms Loading, Glazing, Dressing and Truing.

13. Explain the construction and working of a plain cylindrical grinder with the help of a neat

sketch.

14. Explain the construction and working of a Tool and cutter grinder with the help of a neat

sketch

15. What is a centreless grinder? Describe principle of grinding on this type of grinder

16. Explain the terms: Hole based system, Shaft based system. Enumerate the difference

between them.

17. What is the difference between tolerance and allowance?

18. Why might you use a shrink fit rather than welding to join two steel parts?

19. What does the word shrink imply?

20. Explain as the ISI systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries.

21. Explain as the BIS systems of fits and tolerances and its uses in industries (1965).

22. Explain International standard system for plain and screwed works with suitable

examples.

23. Determine and Sketch the limits of tolerance and allowance for a 50mm shaft and hole

pair designated H7 – d8. The basic size lies in the range of 30 – 50 mm. The multiplies

for grades 7 and 8 are 16 and 25 respectively. The fundamental deviation for‘d’ shaft is (-

16 D 0.44

) microns.

24. Explain the working mechanism of a dial indicator with neat diagram.

25. State the principle of the spirit level.

26. Show weather the new taper of a plug gauge is measured using sine bar

27. Discuss various methods of taper measurement of plug and ring gauges.

UNIT: IV

Syllabus:

LIMIT GAUGES:

Taylor’s principle – Design of GO and NO GO gauges, plug, ring, snap, gap and taper gauges.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS MEASUREMENT: Differences between surface roughness and surface waviness, numerical assessment of surface

finish, CLA, Ra, R.M.S Values, Rz Values, methods of measurement of surface finish,

profilograph and ISI symbols for Indication of surface finish.

OPTICAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS: Tool maker’s microscope and its uses, autocollimators, optical projector and optical flat.

INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT THROUGH COMPARATORS


1. Derive the Taylor’s principle in design of tolerances.

2. Design the GO and NOGO gauges and mention the types of GO and NOGO gauges for

20.4mm.

3. Explain Plug, Ring, Snap, Gap, Taper Profile and Position gauges and their uses.

4. Differentiate between Surface roughness and surface waviness.

5. Identify various types of surface roughness and surface waviness.

6. Numerical assessment of surface finish – CLA, R, R.M.S Values – Rz values, R10 value

7. Explain the working principle of profilograph and its uses.

8. Explain the working principle of Talysurf and its uses.

9. Indicate the surface finish using ISI symbols in a drawing.

10. Explain tool - maker’s microscope construction and working principle and its uses.

11. Explain collimators construction and working principle and its uses.

12. Explain optical projectors construction and working principle and its uses.

13. Explain optical flats construction and working principle and its uses.

14. Explain interferometer construction and working principle and its uses.

15. Explain the working principle of Comparators – Mechanical, Electrical and Electronic

Comparators, pneumatic comparators and their uses in mass production.

Lecture Plan


1.

LIMIT GAUGES: Taylor’s principle –

Design of GO and NO GO gauges, plug, ring,

snap, gap and taper gauges.

47th

& 48th

hour

Black board + PPT

2.

SURFACE ROUGHNESS

MEASUREMENT: Differences between

surface roughness and surface waviness,

numerical assessment of surface finish, CLA,

Ra, R.M.S Values, Rz Values,

49th

& 50th


3.

Methods of measurement of surface finish,

profilograph and ISI symbols for Indication

of surface finish.

51st & 52


4.

OPTICAL MEASURING

INSTRUMENTS: Tool maker’s microscope and its uses,

autocollimators, optical projector and optical

flat.

53rd

& 54th


5. INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENT

THROUGH COMPARATORS

55th

& 56th


Assignment – IV

1. State the Talyor’s principle of gauges design.

2. Design general type Go and NO – GO gauges for components having 55H8/d9 fit.The

basic size falls in the diameter range of 50 – 80 mm. The fundamental deviation for ‘d’

shaft = (-16 D 0.41

) microns. The multipliers for 8 and 9 grades are 25 and 40. Take wear

allowance as 10% of gauge tolerance. Sketch the gauges with values.

3. Explain the working principle of a Autocollimator.

4. Describe the working principle of tool makers microscope. What are its uses.

5. Differentiate between a gauge and comparator.

6. Explicate the working principle of

(i) Mechanical comparator

(ii) Electrical comparator

7. What are various orders of geometrical irregularities on surfaces? How these are

classified?

8. Describe with a neat sketch the construction, principle and operation of Tomlinson

surface meter.

9. Indicate the following on a typical surface.

(i) Waviness height and width

(ii) Roughness width and height.

(iii) Lay and Flaw. Define these terms.

10. State how surface finish is designated on drawings. How do you represent machining

allowance of 0.5 mm, parallel lay, cut off length 2mm, finish 5mm Ra on a

drawing.

11. What are the factors affecting surface roughness? What is the necessity for controlling

the surface texture?

12. Explicate the details of construction, principle and operation of stylus.

13. What are various orders of geometrical irregularities on surfaces? How these are

classified?

UNIT: V

Syllabus:

SCREW THREAD MEASUREMENT: Element of measurement, errors in screw threads, measurement of effective diameter, angle of

thread and thread pitch.

GEAR MEASUREMENT: Gear measuring instruments, gear tooth profile, measurement of diameter, pitch, pressure angle

and tooth thickness.

INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE TOOL ALIGNMENTS TESTS


1. Explain the errors in screw threads.

2. How the measurement of effective diameter, angle of thread and thread pitch, profile

thread gauges are done.

3. Measure gear tooth profile

4. Measure diameter, pitch pressure angle and tooth thickness of a gear

5. Test the alignment of machine tools

Lecture Plan


1. SCREW THREAD MEASUREMENT: Element of measurement, errors in screw

threads

57th

& 58th


2. Measurement of effective diameter, angle of

thread and thread pitch.

59th

& 60th


3.

GEAR MEASUREMENT: Gear measuring

instruments, gear tooth profile, measurement

of diameter

61st & 62

nd hour

Black board + PPT

4. Pitch, pressure angle and tooth thickness. 63rd

& 64th

hours Black board + PPT

5. INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE TOOL

ALIGNMENTS TESTS

65th


Assignment – V

1. Indicate the following on a typical surface.

(i) Waviness height and width

(ii) Roughness width and height.

(iii) Lay and Flaw. Define these terms.

2. State how surface finish is designated on drawings. How do you represent machining

allowance of 0.5 mm, parallel lay, cut off length 2mm, finish 5mm Ra on a drawing.

3. What are the factors affecting surface roughness? What is the necessity for controlling the

surface texture?

4. Explicate the details of construction, principle and operation of stylus.

5. What are various orders of geometrical irregularities on surfaces? How these are classified?

6. Describe with a neat sketch the construction, principle and operation of Tomlinson surface

meter.

7. Explain how the principle of visual gauging heads is incorporated in Multi gauging machines.

8. Discuss the causes of following errors in screw thread pitches.

(i) Progressive error (ii) Periodic error

(iii) Drunken error (iv) Irregular errors.

9. Elucidate the Effective diameter measurement by two wire method

10. Elucidate measurement method of thread angle by two ball method.

11. “Measurement of effective diameter by two wires and micrometer is not accurate” Explain.

12. Draw and show the various gear elements on a gear tooth profile.

13. Explain with neat sketch the measurement of diameter and pitch of a gear?

14. Explain with neat sketch the measurement of pressure angle and tooth thickness?

TEXT BOOKS: 1. Production Technology by R.K. Jain and S.C. Gupta.

2. Engineering Metrology by Mahajan.

REFERENCES: 1. Manufacturing Technology (Volume 2) - Metal Cutting and Machine Tools by P N Rao, Tata

McGraw Hill.

2. Manufacturing Engineering and Technology by Kalpakjian, Wesley.

3. Elements of Workshop Technology Vol. I and II, by Hajara Chowdhary, Indian Book

Distributors, Calcutta.

4. Production Technology by H.M.T. (Hindustan Machine Tools).

5. Engineering Metrology by R.K. Jain, Khanna Publishers.

6. Precision Engineering in Manufacturing by RL Murthy, New Age.


(Autonomous)


Subject : INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS

Subject Code : 13EIE080





Name of the Faculty Member : K.VIJAY CHANDRA

Course Objectives:

Provide basic knowledge in transduction principles, sensors and transducer Technology

and measurement systems

Provide better familiarity with the Theoretical and Practical concepts of Automation in

industries

Provide familiarity with different sensors and their application in real time Applications

Provide the knowledge of various measurement methods of industrial Parameters like

velocity, acceleration, torque, pressure, flow, temperature etc. and control of the same

Course Outcomes:

Student should be able to

Able to know instrumentation system used in the industry

Able to appreciate the automation with the help of instrumentation

Able to understand the experimental applications and selecting appropriate engineering

modules

Able to develop aptitude for self-learning and modern technical skills beyond the

curriculum

UNIT – I :

Definition – Basic principles of measurement – Measurement systems, static characteristics.

MEASUREMENT OF DISPLACEMENT:

Theory and construction of various transducers to measure displacement-Piezo electric,

Inductive, capacitance, resistance, ionization and Photo electric transducers.

MEASUREMENT OF SPEED:

Mechanical Tachometers – Electrical tachometers – Stroboscope, Noncontact type of

tachometer.

MEASUREMENT OF ACCELERATION AND VIBRATION:

Different simple instruments – Principles of Seismic instruments – Vibrometer and

accelerometer using this principle.


After completing UNIT I the student will be able to

Explain the basic principles of measurements and measurement systems.

Explain various methods of measuring displacement.

Explain various methods of measuring speed.

Explain various methods of measuring acceleration.

Explain various methods of measuring vibration.

LECTURE SCHEDULE:

No. of Periods: 10

LECTURE 1: Basics terms related to measurements and instrumentation.

LECTURE 2: Basic principles of measurement.

LECTURE 3: Block diagram of measurement system.

LECTURE 4 & 5: Various static characteristics of measurement system.

LECTURE 6 & 7: Various transducers to measure displacement.

LECTURE 8: Various transducers to measure speed.

LECTURE 9: Various transducers to measure acceleration.

LECTURE 10: Various transducers to measure vibration.

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT- I:

1) Define:

(i) Measurement

(ii) Instrument

(iii) Measurement system

(iv) Sensor and Transducer

2) Explain the basic block diagram of Measurement system.

3) Define:

(i) Repeatability and Reproducibility

(ii) Scale range and span

(iii) Accuracy and Precision

(iv) Dead zone

(v) Linearity and Sensitivity

(vi) Hysteresis

4) Explain different methods for measuring displacement.

5) Explain different methods for measuring speed.

6) Explain different methods for measuring Acceleration & Vibration.

UNIT II:

STRESS STRAIN MEASUREMENTS:

Various types of stress and strain measurements – electrical strain gauge – gauge factor – method

of usage of resistance strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile strains – usage for

measuring torque, Strain gauge Rosettes.

MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY:

Moisture content of gases, Sling psychrometer, Absorption psychrometer, Dew point meter.

MEASUREMENT OF FORCE, TORQUE AND POWER:

Elastic force meters, load cells, Torsion meters, Dynamometers.


After completing UNIT II, the student will be able to

Explain the basic principles of stress and strain measurements.

Explain various methods of measuring humidity.

Explain various methods of measuring force, torque and power.

LECTURE SCHEDULE:

No of Periods: 06

LECTURE 11: Introduction to Strain gauge. Derivation for Gauge factor.

LECTURE 12: Methods of using strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile strains.

LECTURE 13: Usage of strain gauge for measuring torque and Strain gauge Rosettes.

LECTURE 14: Moisture measurement - Sling & Absorption psychrometer, Dew point meter.

LECTURE 15: Working of Elastic force meters and load cells.

LECTURE 16: Working of Torsion meters and Dynamometers.

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT – II:

1) Derive a relation for Gauge factor for a Strain gauge.

2) Explain the methods of using strain gauge for bending compressive and tensile strains.

3) Explain about Strain gauge Rosettes.

4) Explain the working of load cells.

5) Explain the working of Torsion meters and Dynamometers.

6) Explain different methods for measuring Humidity.

UNIT-III:

MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE: Classification – Ranges – Various Principles of

measurement– Expansion, Electrical Resistance – Thermistor – Thermocouple – Pyrometers –

Temperature Indicators.

MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE: Units – classification – different principles used.

Manometers, Piston, Bourdon pressure gauges, Bellows – Diaphragm gauges. Low pressure

measurement – Thermal conductivity gauges – ionization pressure gauges, Mcleod pressure

gauge.

MEASUREMENT OF LEVEL: Direct method – Indirect methods – capacitative, ultrasonic,

magnetic, cryogenic fuel level indicators – Bubler level indicators.

FLOW MEASUREMENT: Rotameter, magnetic, Ultrasonic, Turbine flow meter, Hot – wire

anemometer, Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).


After completing UNIT III, the student will be able to

Explain various methods of measuring Temperature.

Explain various methods of measuring Pressure.

Explain various methods of measuring Level.

Explain various methods of measuring Flow.

LECTURE SCHEDULE:

No. of Classes: 16

LECTURE 17: Classification, Ranges and Various Principles of Temperature measurement.

LECTURE 18: Electrical Resistance measurement methods and Thermistor.

LECTURE 19: Working and measurement of Temperature using Thermocouples.

LECTURE 20: Working of various Pyrometers.

LECTURE 21: Units, classification and different principles of Pressure measurement.

LECTURE 22: Working of Manometers, Piston and Bourdon pressure gauges.

LECTURE 23: Working of Bellows and Diaphragm gauges.

LECTURE 24: Working of Thermal conductivity and ionization pressure gauges.

LECTURE 25: Working of Mcleod pressure gauge.

LECTURE 26: Measurement of level using capacitive, ultrasonic and magnetic methods.

LECTURE 27: Working of cryogenic fuel level indicators.

LECTURE 28: Working of Bubler level indicators.

LECTURE 29: Measurement of level using ultrasonic and magnetic methods.

LECTURE 30: Measurement of flow using Rotameter.

LECTURE 31: Measurement of flow using magnetic, Ultrasonic and Turbine flow meters.

LECTURE 32: Measurement of flow using Hot wire and Laser Doppler Anemometer (LDA).

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT – III:

1) Explain measurement of Temperature using Electrical Resistance detectors and Thermistor.

2) Explain measurement of Temperature using Thermocouples.

3) Explain the working of various pyrometers.

4) Explain measurement of pressure using Bourdon pressure gauges and diaphragm gauges.

5) Explain various low pressure measurement methods.

6) Explain the working of cryogenic fuel level indicators.

7) Explain flow measurement using ultrasonic and magnetic methods.

8) How can we measure flow using Laser Doppler Anemometer?

UNIT IV:

INTRODUCTION TO CONTROL SYSTEMS:

Introduction - basic components of a control system, control-system applications, open-loop

control systems (without feed-back systems), and closed-loop control systems (with feedback

systems); Example of open loop and closed loop systems. Feedback and its effects - effect of

feedback on overall gain, effect of feedback on stability, and effect of feedback on external

disturbance or noise; Classification of systems, nonlinear characteristics of systems.


After completing UNIT IV, the student will be able to

Understand the basic components of a control system.

Understand the basic difference between open loop and closed loop control systems.

Understand the various applications of control systems.

Understand the effects of feedback on systems.

Understand the classification of systems.

LECTURE SCHEDULE:

No of Classes: 05

LECTURE 33: Introduction to control systems and its basic components.

LECTURE 34: Open loop and closed loop control systems.

LECTURE 35: Examples and applications of control systems.

LECTURE 36: Effects of feedback on systems.

LECTURE 37: Classification and characteristics of systems.

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT – IV:

1) Explain the basic block diagram of control system.

2) Differentiate between open loop and closed loop control systems.

3) Explain the effect of feedback on overall gain and stability of a system.

UNIT – V:

SYSTEM MODELING:

Transfer function (TF) Block diagram (BD) reduction techniques, Signal flow graph(SFG), BD

to TF, TF to BD, TF to SFG, SFG to TF conversions, Mathematical Modeling of systems in

translational and rotational motions, Analogy between different types of systems like electrical,

mechanical, pneumatic & hydraulic, DC motor transfer function, signal flow graph, Working of

Potentiometer, tachometer, servo motors, synchros.


After completing UNIT V, the student will be able to

Draw a block diagram for a given system.

Obtain Signal flow graph and Transfer function from the Block Diagram.

Understand different systems and their analogies.

Obtain mathematical modeling of various systems.

Obtain the transfer function of a DC motor.

Understand the working of servo motors and synchros.

LECTURE SCHEDULE:

No. of Classes: 11

LECTURE 38: Introduction to Transfer function (TF) and Block diagram (BD).

LECTURE 39: Block diagram reduction techniques.

LECTURE 40: Conversion from TF to BD and BD to TF.

LECTURE 41: Signal flow graph (SFG).

LECTURE 42: Obtaining SFG for a given Block Diagram.

LECTURE 43: Conversion from TF to SFG and SFG to TF.

LECTURE 44: Mathematical Modeling of systems in translational and rotational motions.

LECTURE 45: Analogy between electrical, mechanical, pneumatic & hydraulic systems.

LECTURE 46: DC motor transfer function.

LECTURE 47: Working of Potentiometer and tachometer.

LECTURE 48: Working of servo motors and synchros.

ASSIGNMENT OF UNIT – V:

1) Draw the Signal Flow Graph for the below given Block Diagram.

2) Draw the Block Diagram for the given Signal Flow Graph.

3) Obtain the transfer function for the below system.

4) Explain the working of synchros.

5) Derive the Transfer function of a DC motor.

Books Referred:

1) Measurement Systems: Applications & design by D. S. Kumar.

2) Mechanical and Industrial Measurements by R.K. Jain; Publisher: Khanna publishers.

3) Instrumentation, Measurement & Analysis by B. C. Nakra & K. K. Choudhary, Tata McGraw Hill.

4 Control systems by Nagoor kani & Nagrath Gopal.


(Autonomous)


Subject : NON CONVENTOINAL ENERGY SOURCES

Subject Code : 13MED020


Number of working days : 16 weeks

Number of Hours / week : 3+1


Name of the Faculty Member : K.Prashanth

UNIT – I

PRINCIPLES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Introduction; Energy and sustainable development; Fundamentals; Scientific principles of

renewable energy; Technical Implications; Social implications.Introduction to Wind energy,

Geothermal energy and Tidal energy.

PRINCIPLES OF SOLAR RADIATION: The Solar energy option, Environmental impact of

solar power, physics of the sun, the solar constant, extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar radiation,

solar radiation on tilted surfaces, instruments for solar radiation and sun shine, solar radiation

data.

Learning objectives :

After completion of the unit, students will be able to:

Gain the knowledge about energy and sustainable developments

Comprehend the fundamental terminology about renewable energy

Enumerates the scientific principles and technical implications and social implications.

Understand knowledge about the wind, geothermal and Tidal energy

Lecture plan :

S. No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. Necessity and importance of renewable energy 1 PPT+Video

2. Principles and major issues related to energy and sustainable

development, Global resources.

2 PPT+Video+

chalk & board

3. Fundamentals : definition of renewable, non-renewable

energy, energy sources, environmental energy, primary supply

to end-use and energy planning

1 PPT, chalk &

board

4. Scientific principles of renewable energy: energy currents,

dynamic characteristics, quality of supply, dispersed vs.

centralized energy, complex systems and situation

dependency.

1 PPT, chalk &

board

5. Technical implications: prospecting the environment, end-use

requirements and efficiency matching supply and demand ,

control options and social implications

2 PPT, chalk &

board

6. Environmental impact of solar power, physics of the sun, the

solar constant

2 PPT, Video

+Chalk & board

7. Extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar radiation, solar radiation

on tilted surfaces

2 PPT, Video

+Chalk & board

8. Instruments for solar radiation and sun shine, solar radiation

data.

2 PPT, Video

+Chalk & board

Total = 13

UNIT – II

SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTION

Flat plate and concentrating collectors, classification of concentrating collectors, orientation and

thermal analysis, advanced collectors

SOLAR ENERGY STORAGE AND APPLICATIONS

Different methods, Sensible, latent heat and stratified storage, solar ponds. Solar applications-

solar heating/cooling technique, solar distillation and drying, photovoltaic energy conversion.

Learning objectives:

After completion of the unit, the students will be able to:

Design Solar collectors

Analyze the concepts of geometrical aspects and atmospheric effects

Evaluate the solar heat load

Analyze the heat balance in solar heating/cooling system.

S.No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1. Flat plate and concentrating collectors 2 PPT+Video

2. Classification of concentrating collectors, orientation and

thermal analysis, advanced collectors

2 PPT+ chalk

&board

3. Different methods, Sensible, latent heat and stratified

storage

2 PPT

4. Solar applications-solar heating/cooling technique 3 PPT+ chalk

&board

5 Solar distillation and drying, photovoltaic energy

conversion.

3 Video+PPT,

chalk & board

Total = 12

UNIT – III WIND ENERGY

Sources and potentials, Horizontal and Vertical axis wind mills, Performance characteristics, Betz criteria.

BIO-MASS

Principles of Bio-conversion, Anaerobic/ Aerobic digestion, Types of Bio gas digesters, Gas yield,

Combustion characteristics of Bio gas, Utilization of cooking, IC Engine operation and economic aspects.



Gain knowledge about working of different types of wind mills.

Able to design a wind mill.

Analyze the Bio gas digesters.

Comprehend the social and environmental aspects.

Lecture plan:

S. No. Description of Topic No. of

Hrs.

Method of

Teaching

1 Sources and potentials, Horizontal and Vertical axis wind

mills, 2 PPT+Video, chalk

& board

2 Performance characteristics, Betz criteria.

2 PPT

3 Principles of Bio-conversion, Anaerobic/ Aerobic digestion 3 PPT+video

4 Types of Bio gas digesters, Gas yield, 2 PPT+ Video+

chalk &board

5 Combustion characteristics of Bio gas, Utilization of cooking,

IC Engine operation and economic aspects. 3 Chalk & board

Total = 12

UNIT – IV

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Resources, types of wells, Methods of harnessing the energy, potential in India,

OCEAN ENERGY

OTEC, Principles utilization, setting of OTEC plants, Thermodynamic cycles, Tidal and wave

energy: Potential and conversion techniques, Mini- Hydel power plants, and their economics.


After completion of the unit, the students will be able to

Gain the knowledge about Geothermal energy.

Analyzing the Tidal and Geothermal energy.

Design and analyze Mini-Hydel power plants.

Comprehend the social and environmental aspects

Lecture plan :


Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1 Resources, types of wells, Methods of harnessing the

energy, potential in India,

2 PPT+Video

2 OTEC, Principles utilization, setting of OTEC plants 2 PPT+ chalk &board

3 Thermodynamic cycles, Tidal and wave energy: 3 PPT+ chalk &board

4 Potential and conversion techniques, 1 PPT+ chalk &board

5 Mini- Hydel power plants, and their economics. 2 PPT

6 Tutorial 1 Chalk & board

Total = 11

UNIT – V

DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION

Need for DEC, Carnot cycle, limitations, principles of DEC. Thermo-electric generators,

Seebeck, Peltier and Joule Thomson effects, Figure of merit, Materials, applications, MHD

generators, principles, dissociation and ionization, hall effect, magnetic flux, MHD accelerator,

MHD engine, power generation systems, electron gas dynamic conversion, economic aspects,

Fuel cells, principles, Faraday’s law’s, thermodynamic aspects, selection of fuels and operating

conditions.

Learning objectives :


Gain knowledge about MHD engine power generation systems

Analyze Fuel cells

Design MHD accelerator and engine.

Lecture plan :


Hrs. Method of

Teaching

1. Need for DEC, Carnot cycle, limitations, principles of

DEC. Thermo-electric generators, Seebeck, Peltier and

Joule Thomson effects

2 PPT

2. Figure of merit, Materials, applications 1 PPT

3. MHD generators, principles, dissociation and ionization,

hall effect, magnetic flux, MHD accelerator, MHD

engine, power generation systems

2 PPT

4. Electron gas dynamic conversion, economic aspects 2 PPT+ chalk &board

5. Fuel cells, principles, Faraday’s law’s, thermodynamic

aspects, selection of fuels and operating conditions.

2 PPT, Video

6 Tutorial 1 Chalk & board

Total = 12

TEXT BOOKS

1. Non Conventional Energy Sources by G. D. Rai;

2. Renewable Energy Resources by Tiwari & Ghosal; Publisher: Narosa

3. Solar Energy by Sukhatme

REFERENCE BOOKS

Books:

1. Principles of Solar Energy by Frank Krieth & J. F. Kreider

2. Solar Power Engineering by B. S. Magal, Frank Krieth & J. F. KreiderRenewable

3. Energy sources by John Twidell & Tony Weir; Publisher: Taylor and Francis.

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