Business and Management Research

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Lecture 6

• Presentations are brief discussions of a focused topic delivered to a group of listeners

• They are a great way to express ideas as well as educate people.

• Giving a presentation is not an easy task.• It requires organization, public speaking skills, and

self-confidence• A good presenter has the ability to engage his or her

listeners from beginning to end.

Oral Presentation

• Know your topic - become an expert

• Learn as much about the topic

• Have an idea what the background is of your audience is so you will know what kinds of things you may have to define

• Prepare an outline of topic. Bullet or number the main points

Preparation

• Divide the body of your presentation into three to five main points.

• The conclusion should include a summary of the main points of the presentation.

• Include questions in your presentation to engage the audience.

• The final slide should contain:– a message thanking the audience– your contact details– information about the availability of speaker notes.

Organizing Your Presentation

• Do not overload slides with a lot of text.• Prepare a Table of Contents slide.• Include a slide that shows your institution logo.• Arrange slides according to topics.• Recommended font for slide title is font size should

be 44.• Font size for subtitles should be 28 to 34, with bold

font.• Use dark font over light background and light font

over dark background to enhance clarity.

Presentation Design

• Begin your presentation by telling your audience what your topic is and what you will be covering. .

• Avoid reading your remarks• Dress neatly and appropriately• Speak in a clear, audible voice loud enough to be

clearly heard in the back row. Never, ever mumble• Stand up straight, • Make frequent eye contact with the audience. Really

look at the audience as you talk to them.

Delivery tips

• Avoid to speak to the screen instead of to the audience.

• At the conclusion of your presentation ask for questions.

• Encourage questions and respond to questions politely and briefly.

• At the end of your presentation, summarize your main points and give a strong concluding remark that reinforces why your information is of value.

• Show some enthusiasm

Delivery tips

• I.Points to check – 1. Are all the words understood? – 2. Do all respondents interpret the question in the same

way? – 3. Do respondents correctly follow directions? – 4. How long does it take to complete? – 5. Does it collect the information you want?

piloting questionnaire

• II. Who will participate? • Prepare a “mock-up” questionnaire and cover letter

and submit it for review to:

– 1. Professional colleagues – 2. Potential users of the data – 3. A small cross section of the population to be surveyed

piloting questionnaire

III. Ways to conduct a pilot test • 1. Watch people complete the questionnaire. Give

people the cover letter and • questionnaire and ask them to fill it out in your

presence. • 2. Ask a small number to complete the

questionnaire• 3. Have individuals read the question and then

rephrase the question using different words.

piloting questionnaire

• Organisations may not wish to give access to collect data

• Concerns about sensitivity and confidentiality

• Perceptions about the researcher’s credibility

Negotiating access and research ethics

Designing the questionnaireStages that must occur if a question is to be

valid and reliable

Source: developed from Foddy (1994)

Figure 11.2 Stages that must occur if a question is to be valid and reliable

Examples of question types

Open questions

6 Please list up to three things you like about your job

1…………………………………………

2…………………………………………

3…………………………………………

Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types List questions

7 What is your religion?Please tick the appropriate box

Buddhist None Christian Other Hindu Jewish Muslim Sikh

Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Category questions

8 How often do you visit the shopping centre?Interviewer: listen to the respondent’s answer and tick as appropriate

First visit Once a week Less than fortnightly to once a month 2 or more times a week Less than once a week to fortnightly Less often

Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types Ranking questions

9 Please number each of the factors listed below in order of importance to you in choosing a new car. Number the most important 1, the next 2 and so on. If a factor has no importance at all, please leave blank.

Factor ImportanceCarbon dioxide emissions [ ]

Boot size [ ]Depreciation [ ]

Price [ ]

Adapted from Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types

Rating questions

10 For the following statement please tick the box that matches your view most closely

Agree Tend to agree Tend to disagree Disagree

I feel employees’ views have influenced the decisions takenby management

Saunders et al. (2009)

Examples of question types

Quantity questions

14 What is your year of birth?

(For example, for 1988 write: )

Saunders et al. (2009)

1

1

9

9 8 8

Designing questions

• Using existing questions – remember to check copyright

• Question wording

• Translating questions into other languages