BUS 365 Week 11 Quiz – Strayer

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Quiz 10 Chapter 13 and 14

Business Process Management and Systems Development

Multiple Choice

1. __________ are the building blocks of each functional area, e.g., accounts receivable (A/R) and accounts payable (A/P)a) IT proceduresb) Business processesc) Business strategiesd) Competitive forces

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2. __________ is a technology approach to implementing a business process, but it’s only part of the technology required to implement business processes.a) MISb) BPMc) SaaSd) SOA

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3. Microsoft International’s lack of standardized business processes and process documentation had a number of adverse impacts on the HR team. Which is not one of those adverse impacts?a) Decrease in errors by new hiresb) Increased the time and cost to train new employeesc) Limited ability to review their business processes

d) Decreased business process efficiency

4. Which is not one of the benefits that Microsoft International achieved through the use of Visio and business process modeling? a) Significant savings in labor hours through increased process efficiencyb) Decrease in the training time of newly hired employeesc) Improved decision making through visual process analysisd) Improved relationships with supply chain partners

5. When you break it down, you see that a business process is actually __________. a) a project of known scope with an assigned budgetb) a loosely defined approach to solving an unstructured problemc) a series of individual tasks executed in a specific order d) clearly defined and automated by software

6. A process has inputs and outputs that are __________, which is necessary so it can be managed. a) qualitativeb) measurablec) visuald) summary metrics

7. Business processes integrate __________. a) software and hardwareb) ISs and peoplec) data and modelsd) dashboards and scoreboards

8. The __________ spec, also called the technical spec, is important to managers because it identifies how the business process will be implemented in as much detail as possible.a) evaluationb) implementationc) projectd) design

9. During the implementation stage, __________ tests are critical because they determine whether the process is designed well from users’ perspective.a) user acceptanceb) functional acceptancec) system acceptanced) integration

10. A(n) __________ is a set of technologies used for exchanging data between applications and for connecting processes with other systems across the organization, and with business partners. a) ERPb) mashupc) SOAd) Web service

11. During the implementation stage, __________ tests are critical because that is when analysts test whether the process performs its functions.a) user acceptanceb) functional acceptancec) system acceptanced) technical acceptance

12. During the implementation stage, __________ tests are conducted by technical experts who attest that the process is integrated correctly with inputs and outputs of other processes and data sources and data storesa) user acceptanceb) functional acceptancec) system acceptanced) integration acceptance

13. In the short term, business process management (BPM) helps companies __________. a) improve profitability by reducing waste and costsb) become more responsive to business changesc) increase sales revenues and profit marginsd) all of the above

14. In the long term, business process management (BPM) helps companies __________.a) improve profitability by reducing waste and costsb) become more responsive to business changesc) increase sales revenues and profit marginsd) all of the above

15. After decades of business process reengineering attempts, organizations still have problems with their business operations. What are those problems? a) They duplicate processesb) They perform hundreds of non-core tasks that should be outsourcedc) They spend vast amounts on proprietary process-management software that's difficult to updated) All of the above

16. British Telecom, United Airlines, and other companies that focused their BPM initiatives on process automation and cost savings had achieved significant operational efficiencies __________. a) and higher market shareb) but lost their competitive edge and fell short of their performance targetsc) but only for a short time as competitors copied their effortsd) because they were linked to their business strategies.

17. Changes to business apps that were needed prior to year 2000 were tedious and time-consuming because they were tightly coupled programs written in __________. a) COBOLb) Javac) Visiod) Flash

18. __________ components have minimal dependence on each other, which simplifies testing, maintenance and troubleshooting because problems are easy to isolate and unlikely to spread.a) Tightly coupledb) Hardwiredc) Loosely connectedd) COBOL

19. The advantage of the __________ is that any tier can be upgraded or replaced independently as business requirements or technology change.a) tightly coupled architectureb) middleware and graphical user-interfacec) three-tier software architectured) four-module tiered architecture

20. What was the underlying reason for the failure of the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau’s Handheld Project? a) Failure of top management in the bureau to assess and mitigate risks of such a major projectb) Technical and database failuresc) Poor project management approachd) Insufficient training of the census takers on how to use the handheld devices

21. Options for the acquisition of complex IT applications are all of the following except: a) Built in-houseb) Custom-made by a vendorc) Leased from an application service provider (ASP)d) Out-of-the-box

22. For in-house development, the __________ option should be considered only for specialized IT apps for which components are not available because this option is expensive and slow.a) build from componentsb) build from scratchc) integrating applicationsd) prototyping

23. End-user development has risks and limitations, which include each of the following except: a) End users may not be skilled enough in computers, so quality and cost may be jeopardized.b) End users may not take time to document their workc) End users may neglect proper security measures.d) There may be an endless loop of prototype revisions.

24. Projects are managed by managing the triple constraints. Which is not one of those constraints? a) approvalb) scopec) time

d) budget

25. A project plan is specified in a __________. a) resource poolb) Gantt chartc) work breakdown structure (WBS)d) critical path

26. Project managers need to recognize the risk of __________, which is the piling up of small changes that by themselves are manageable, but collectively can cause significant project growth. a) over allocationb) critical pathc) triple constraintsd) scope creep

27. Project management includes three basic operations. Which is not one of those operations?a) planningb) budgetingc) organizingd) controlling

28. Project managers must manage the __________, which consists of tasks that must start and finish on schedule or the project will be delayed unless corrective action is taken. a) over allocationb) critical pathc) triple constraintsd) scope creep

29. The success of a project manager depends on all of the following except: a) use of the critical path method and Gantt chartsb) clear, open, and timely communicationc) accurate, timely, and complete informationd) commitment from team members

30. The __________ is the traditional systems development method used by organizations for large IT projects such as IT infrastructure.a) prototyping methodb) systems development life cycle (SDLC)c) critical path methodd) sourcing method

31. Systems development involves __________, which is the revising of results of any development process when new information makes revision the smart thing to do.a) iterationb) scope creepc) constraintsd) prototyping

32. The first stage of the SDLC is __________ to understand the business problem or opportunity. a) systems analysisb) systems investigationc) prototypingd) systems design

33. During the systems investigation stage, __________ studies are done to determine if the hardware, software, and communications components can be developed and/or acquired to solve the business problem.a) economic feasibilityb) technical feasibilityc) ROId) NPV

34. During the systems investigation stage, __________ studies are done to assess the skills and the training needed to use the new IS.a) economic feasibilityb) technical feasibilityc) organizational feasibilityd) behavioral feasibility

35. Covert resistance to a new IS from employees may take the form of __________. a) sabotaging the new system by entering data incorrectlyb) continuing to do their jobs using their old methodsc) complaining about the new system for extended timed) All of the above

36. __________ specifications include the design of outputs, inputs, processing, databases, telecommunications, controls, security, and IS jobs.a) Physical designb) Logical designc) End-userd) Systems analysis

37. When the system’s logical and physical designs specifications are agreed upon and approved by all participants, they __________. a) should not be changedb) should be flexible to changesc) are used to develop the prototyped) determine the budget and timeline for development

38. To add rigor to the programming process, programmers use __________ that improve the flow of the program by decomposing the computer code into modules. a) GOTO statementsb) flowchartsc) structured programming techniquesd) All of the above

39. Which is not a characteristic of program testing?a) Testing verifies that computer code works correctly under various conditions.b) Syntax errors are easier to find than logic errors because they prevent the program from running.c) Logic errors are difficult to detect because they permit the program to run but result in incorrect output.d) Proper testing can be done quickly and with little effort.

40. __________ conversion is the least expensive and highest risk IS conversion strategy because the old system is cut off and the new system is turned on at a certain point in time.a) Parallelb) Directc) Pilotd) Phased

True/False

41. A business process, such as the credit approval process, accomplishes or produces something of value to the organization.

42. In order to manage a process, the process needs to have outputs that are measurable.

43. Process design is typically mapped and documented using a modeling tool, such as Microsoft Excel.

44. Not only is the development of the process important, the testing is equally as critical.

45. The BPM approach has its roots in just-in-time (JIT), which is the radical redesign of an organization's business processes.

46. The BPR and JIT approaches were both based on assumptions. And if those assumptions are not met, then they will fail to achieve the great expected results.

47. Many JIT implementations in the U.S. actually increased inventory costs because JIT is based on the assumption that warehousing costs are extremely high, as they were in Japan where JIT was initiated by Toyota.

48. When applying business process reengineering (BPR), managers first attempt to automate or semi-automate an organization's business processes.

49. An advantage of JIT is that it significantly decreases transportation and ordering costs.

50. In the 1990s, most organizations failed to achieve fundamental business process improvements because they attended a BPR seminar and then made mistakes in the implementation.

51. After decades of reengineering attempts, organizations no longer duplicate processes or perform non-core tasks that should be outsourced.

52. If organizations focus exclusively on automation and cost savings, they might achieve significant operational efficiencies but lose their competitive edge.

53. SOA is a confusing concept, even for practitioners, because SOA is mistakenly described like BPM or the definition is incomprehensible.

54. . An important aspect of SOA is the separation of the service interface (the what) from its implementation (the how).

55. SOA and BPM both focus on creating a more flexible IT architecture and optimizing the way actual work gets done.

56. Web services can connect processes with other systems across the organization, and with business partners. The resulting integrated BPM systems are BPM mashups.

57. The goal of loose coupling of apps is to reduce dependencies between systems to improve flexibility and agility.

58. Project resources must be managed according to the Gantt chart.

59. The SDLC is a structured framework that consists of sequential processes by which information systems are developed.

60. For many organizations, custom software is more expensive than packaged applications. However, if a package does not closely fit the company‘s needs, the savings are often diluted when the information systems staff or consultants must extend the functionality of the purchased packages.

Short Answer

61. A __________ is the smallest unit of work and management accountability that is not split into more detailed steps.

62. __________ are pre-configured, ready-to-go integrations between different business software packages. They streamline information sharing among systems.

63. __________ refers to a broad range of software or services that enable communication or data exchange between applications across networks.

64. __________ testing is important because it determines whether the app meets the original business objectives and vision.

65. Large IT projects, especially ones that involve infrastructure, are developed according to the __________ methodology using several tools.

66. A __________ is a type of bar chart that shows a project schedule.

67. __________ is the growth of the project after the scope has been defined and is a serious issue because it can cause the project to fail.

68. The purpose of the __________ is to recognize which activities are on the critical path so that managers know where to focus their efforts.

69. __________ are information systems professionals who specialize in analyzing and designing information systems.

70. In a __________ conversion, the old system and the new system operate simultaneously for a period of time, which is the most expensive, but also the least risky approach.

Essay

71. Sketch or list the four stages of the business process lifecycle.

72. List and briefly describe the four tests performed on modules that have been installed before going live.

73. Identify the tiers of the Three-tier architecture. Describe or give an example of each tier.

74. List and describe the triple constraints of project management.

75. Select a standard business process, such as payroll. Draw a flowchart of an app for that business process.

Chapter 14 Global Ecology, Ethics, and Social Responsibility

Multiple Choice

1. Carbon footprint refers to the amount of __________ emitted by a particular activity, industry, or value chain.a) COb) CO2

c) CO2 and other GHGsd) coal and biofuels

2. Carbon footprint is typically measured in __________. a) metric tonne (ton) carbon dioxide equivalentb) carbon dioxide equivalent per yearc) GHGd) carbon monoxide emissions

3. The IT sector is responsible for an estimated __________ of the global carbon footprint as a result of emissions from the energy used to run servers, computers, and other hardware.a) 0.10 to 0.20 percent

b) 0.50 percentc) 2 to 3 percentd) 10 percent

4. The IT sector can cut its carbon footprint cut in half by _____.a) switching to low emission data centers b) buying eco-friendly hard drives with considerably reduced power consumptionc) placing data center in cold climates d) all of the above

5. What is global warming? a) The buildup of CO2.

b) The upward trend in the Earth atmosphere's global mean temperature (GMT).c) The holding of heat within Earth's atmosphere by certain GHGs that absorb infrared radiation.d) The sea level rise and melting of polar caps.

6. What is the greenhouse effect?a) The buildup of CO2.

b) The upward trend in the Earth atmosphere's global mean temperature (GMT).c) The holding of heat within Earth's atmosphere by certain GHGs that absorb infrared radiation.d) The sea level rise and melting of polar caps.

7. Better use of IT to shift away from energy-intensive work habits and lifestyles to low carbon habits and lifestyles depends on _____.a) mobile technologiesb) commitment of senior managersc) government policy, incentives for companies, and active participation of consumersd) cloud computing

8. In environmental terms, a process or industry is __________ when it uses up natural resources faster than they can be replenished.a) low carbonb) unsustainablec) greend) renewable

9. The GSMA’s Green Power for Mobile (GPM) program has the goal of helping the mobile industry use renewable energy sources, such as __________ to power over 100,000 off-grid base stations in developing countries by 2012. a) solar, wind, and sustainable biofuelsb) nuclear and solarc) hydro, coal and windd) diesel and solar

10. MTN Group is the mobile telecom company operating in Africa and the Middle East. MTN has reduced GHG emissions and costs by using __________ to run mobile base stations.a) dieselb) soybean biofuelc) wind energyd) hydro power

11. Routers, switches, and modems operated by end users have been inefficient power guzzling machines mostly because __________. a) they are built at the lowest possible cost b) eco-friendly manufacturing did not existc) performance speeds were higher than green onesd) such machines were more reliable than green ones

12. Why are mobile handsets a threat to the environment? a) They consume a lot of electric power. b) They emit infrared radiation.c) The renewal rates of mobiles tend to be very slow. d) Millions of phones are disposed of, but recycling practices are very poor.

13. The Internet is composed of huge numbers of power-consuming, heat-generating __________ running 24x7x365 worldwide and __________ that direct data packets over networks to their destination.a) servers; routersb) firewalls; switchesc) Web sites; databasesd) proxies; wireless access points

14. Which is not one of the characteristics or challenges associated with green IT?a) Trying to quantify the cost savings of green IT may be impossible or non-applicable if cloud computing is used because the beneficiary of energy-efficient servers is not the company, but their outsourcer.b) The Society for Information Management (SIM) surveyed CIOs and IT executives about their top IT and business priorities for 2010. Green IT was their top concern. c) Green IT is a continuous process and requires long-term operating policies. d) Green IT initiatives should be described in terms of reducing waste and inefficiency to get management’s attention.

15. Industry standards __________ change. Those standards keep ramping up and will again. a) EPEAT and ENERGY STARb) Green STARc) SIMd) EPA

16. The “Next Generation Data Center” strategy is based on the ability to deliver and support secure IT applications through __________.a) mobile devicesb) wireless networksc) green ITd) virtualization

17. Data center virtualization means that servers are __________.a) integrated so that they can be sharedb) condensed to increase processing powerc) consolidated so they are more secured) distributed to reduce cost

18. As part of RoHS sustainability regulations, EU members agreed that new __________ put on the market cannot contain six banned substances—including lead, mercury, and hexavalent chromium—in quantities exceeding maximum concentration values.a) automobile partsb) packaging and building materialsc) electrical and electronic equipmentd) computers

19. Opponents of social media monitoring define it as __________. a) an unfair advantage or exploitationb) environmentally harmfulc) spying and intolerable invasions of privacy d) a business security risk

20. Despite the challenges and lack of clear answers, ethics is important because it has become clear that relying on __________ alone to safeguard the community is insufficient.a) corporate policyb) the lawc) audit trailsd) moral behavior

21. Blogging to influence financial markets may be deemed by the FTC or SEC as a(n) __________, particularly when done by the CEO hiding his identity.a) federal crimeb) invasion of privacyc) insider tradingd) money laundering

22. IT’s capability to introduce ever-growing amounts of data into our lives can exceed our capacity to keep up with the data, leading to __________.a) digital divideb) Net neutralityc) large carbon footprintd) information overload

23. Bloomberg BusinessWeek (2008) reported that knowledge workers are distracted __________ at work—answering the phone, checking e-mail, responding to a text, or checking YouTube or Facebook.a) every three minutesb) every 15 minutesc) every hourd) at least twice a day

24. Which does not describe issues or characteristics of information quality?a) Information quality is mandated by several legislations.b) Information quality is a subjective measure of the utility, objectivity, and integrity of gathered information.

c) The most common problem that plagues online information sources is aged or outdated content.d) Millions of individuals face information quality issues on a daily basis as they try to find information online.

25. Reduction in the total number of employees, reengineering of business processes, and the ability of lower-level employees to perform higher-level jobs may result in __________. a) an increase in the number of special unitsb) increased spans of controlc) centralization of authorityd) flatter organizational hierarchies

26. There is a trend toward __________ because the adaptable IT framework makes it much easier to manage issues of cost, scale and agility.a) cloud computingb) social media c) fluid collaborationd) service oriented architecture

27. New capabilities that are paving the way for new classes of Web apps include each of the following except: a) location-awarenessb) online/offline modesc) green ITd) social connectivity

28. Which is not one of the trends in the future of IT in organizations?a) Move into cloud computingb) The new Web as a turning pointc) Devices become more specialized in the content they deliverd) Conversation economy

29. As analytics become a commodity, the real differentiators are __________ and the ability to make productive decisions.a) data qualityb) location-based servicesc) social mediad) fluid collaboration

30. Technological and economic forces are prompting fresh approaches to systems development using __________ for competitive advantage.a) in-house developmentb) proprietary appsc) open source softwared) fourth-generation languages or software

True/False

31. Tackling global warming by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases is high on the list of global challenges.

32. Carbon footprint refers to the amount of infrared, CO2 and other GHGs emitted per day by a computing or mobile device.

33. Global warming is typically measured in MtCO2e, which stands for metric tonne carbon dioxide equivalent.

34. Annual emissions are generally measured in gigatonnes (billions of tonnes) of carbon dioxide equivalent per year (GtCO2e/y).

35. All carbon emissions worldwide make up the global carbon footprint.

36. The IT sector, including computing and telecommunications, is responsible for an estimated 10 percent of the global carbon footprint as a result of emissions from the energy used to run servers, computers, and other hardware.

37. IT can play a significant role in reducing GtCO2e/y in the transportation industries.

38. Innovative IT solutions can provide both a better quality of life and contribute to dramatically reduced emissions. That is, quality of life and reduced emissions do not require a tradeoff.

39. Business associations continue to fight against initiatives to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.

40. Warnings from the scientific community point to dangers from the ongoing buildup of CO2 and greenhouse gases mostly from the burning of fossil fuels and forests.

41. The greenhouse effect refers to the holding of heat within Earth's atmosphere by certain GHGs such as CO2, methane, and nitrous oxide that absorb infrared radiation.

42. Scientists predict that the increased temperature and sea level rise from global warming adversely affect the Earth’s biodiversity.

43. Scientists have determined that we should aim to stabilize the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere in the range 450 to 550 parts per million (ppm), which is much lower than our present level.

44. The Keeling Curve tracks changes in the concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere at a Mauna Loa research station.

45. The Keeling curve has become the symbol of the ever-changing chemistry of the earth’s atmosphere and the associated global warming.

46. In 2008, The Climate Group found that the information and communications technology (ICT) is a minor sector in the struggle to reduce climate warming.

47. Transforming the way people and businesses use IT could reduce annual human-caused global emissions by 15 per cent by 2020.

48. IT sector’s own footprint of 10 per cent of global emissions could decrease by 2020 despite increased demand for smartphones and other hardware, software, and services.

49. IT has the unique ability to monitor and maximize energy efficiency both within and outside of its own industry sector to cut CO2 emissions.

50. From smart meters to smart grids, the Climate Group is working with members and partners, such as Google and Cisco, to build on the enormous potential and economic opportunities of IT in the low carbon economy.

51. The role of IT includes emission reduction and energy savings only in the IT sector itself.

52. “Smart” as in smart buildings means that wasted-energy and materials are minimized; and procurement, manufacturing, distribution, service, and recycling are done in an environmentally friendly manner.

53. Green, whether applied to energy, technology, or consumption of resources in general, refers to the concept of using things at a rate that does not deplete its availability in future generations.

54. Sustainability, the study and practice of eco-friendly computing resources, may be in companies’ best financial interests.

55. Questions about data access and capture, tracking and monitoring, privacy and profiling are examples of IT capabilities that have ethical considerations. And there are no easy or agreed to answers to these dilemmas.

56. Globalization, the Internet, and connectivity have the power to undermine moral responsibility because it becomes relatively easy to ignore the harm that might be done to others.

57. IT decreases span of control, increases productivity, and increases the need for technical experts.

58. The trend toward cloud computing allows any part of the IT to be sourced from the Internet, ultimately offering a more flexible model that aligns better with business objectives.

59. Collaboration across time zones and geographies cannot become a business norm until language and cultural differences are minimized.

60. With IT creating organizations that have the characteristics of elasticity—scalable, infinitely flexible, and adaptive—companies and your job will be defined by IT.

Short Answer

61. __________ refers to the concept of using things at a rate that does not deplete its availability in future generations.

62. __________ technology optimizes the capacity and processing power of servers so that fewer servers are needed to provide the necessary processing power.

63. __________ qualified products use less energy.

64. __________ or virtual work, offers many green benefits, including reducing rush-hour traffic, improving air quality, improving highway safety, and even improving healthcare.

65. __________ may be considered an integral component of social media strategies because it gives marketers the ability to discover public conversations about their brands and, if necessary, respond to posters directly or to their posts.

66. Free speech and __________ collide in a world populated by anonymous critics, vengeful people, those with personal agendas, and malcontents.

67. IT’s capability to introduce ever-growing amounts of data into our lives can exceed our capacity to keep up with the data, leading to __________.

68. The Web is undergoing its most significant overhaul since the emergence of __________, and will emerge as an increasingly attractive enterprise platform.

69. __________ are emerging as a rich source of information about consumer sentiment, preferences and desires.

70. As analytics become a commodity, data and decision quality will provide the real competitive __________ .

Essay

71. List two financial benefits associated with becoming a sustainable company, including green IT.

72. Identify and explain two myths about green IT.

73. What are the benefits of telework to individuals, organizations, and the community/society? Give two benefits to each.

74. Discuss the competing interests and tradeoffs at work when the issue is privacy.

75. Discuss the impacts of IT on each of the following: organizational structure, authority, power, and job content.