Buruli Ulcer

Stephen Shenigo

What do you know?

http://brendanomeara.com/?attachment_id=293

Buruli Ulcer was first Identified in 1897 by Sir Albert Cook

http://images.wellcome.ac.uk/indexplus/result.html?_IXMAXHITS_=1&_IXACTION_=query&_IXFIRST_=7&_IXemailreal=true&_IXbox=28636&_IXSPFX_=templates%2Ft&_IXFPFX_=templates%2Ft

http://www.infoplease.com/atlas/country/uganda.html

It was described in detail in 1948 by Peter MacCallum

http://www.huu.unimelb.edu.au/university-history/150stories/maccallum.html

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/pacific/australia/

Mycobacterium ulcerans was identified in 1948 by Peter MacCallum

http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full

http://www.huu.unimelb.edu.au/university-history/150stories/maccallum.html

Today the disease has been identified in 33 countries

http://www.bvgh.org/Biopharmaceutical-Solutions/Global-Health-Primer/Diseases/cid/ViewDetails/ItemID/25.aspx

About half of the worldwide cases are in people under 15

<15 years Mean Med. RangeAfrica 48% 24 15 0.5–90Australia 10% 50 62 1–96Japan 19% 41 48 2–81

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/

The disease starts as painless swelling on a particular area of the skin

http://www.tropika.net/svc/news/20090415/Chinnock-20090415-News-Buruli-Conference

If left untreated this can turn into a full skin ulcer within 4 weeks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Buruli_ulcer_hand_Nigeria.gif

http://www.aifo.it/english/resources/online/courses/buruli/buruli12.htm

The disease itself does not necessarily kill people itself, but it does cause deformities

http://factsanddetails.com/world.php?itemid=2153&catid=57&subcatid=381

http://www.leprosy.org/labi1

The way the disease is transmitted is still up for debate.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_ringtail_possum

How does the disease work?

http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mycolactone_2.png

Mycobacterium ulcerans emits mycolactone which destroys body tissues

http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/content/55/1/37.full

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mycolactone_2.png

Buruli Ulcer is diagnosed using IS2404 PCR

http://www.casestudiesforglobalhealth.org/post.cfm/vaccine-development-collaborations-strengthen-pandemic-safety-scientific-possibilities

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction

Treatment of Buruli Ulcer can be approached two different ways,using antibiotics or surgery

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Healed_Buruli_ulcer_lesions.jpg

http://education.technyou.edu.au/view/242/antibiotics

There is not yet a specific vaccine for Buruli Ulcer

http://www.tbonline.info/galleries/image/2/

http://theintelhub.com/2011/04/23/top-government-vaccine-researcher-indicted-for-fraud-austism-research-now-in-question/

HIV coinfection and paradoxical reaction can further complicate the disease.

http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46652003000300012

http://biology.kenyon.edu/slonc/gene-web/Lentiviral/Lentivi2.html

The WHO along with several local organizations are coming together to start to try to fight this disease

http://www.ghanacurrentjobs.com/job-vacancy-for-consultants-at-ghana-health-service

http://www.truthalliance.net/Archive/ImageGallery/tabid/62/AlbumID/379-36/Default.aspx

http://www.who.int/buruli/events/en/

Works Cited• "Buruli Ulcer." World Health Organization. WHO, n.d. Web. 19 Nov 2012.

<http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs199/en/>. • Hoover, Aaron Z.. "Buruli Ulcer." Medscape Reference. Medscape, 07 2012. Web. 19 Nov

2012. <http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1104891-overview• Amofah, George, and Frank Bonsu. "Buruli Ulcer in Ghana." Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article

• "Cook, Sir Albert Ruskin (1870-1951) and Cook, Lady (Katharine)." Mundus. Mundus, 30 1998. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://www.mundus.ac.uk/cats/16/1000.htm>.

• Fraga, Alexandra G., and Teresa G. Martins. "PLOS One." PLOS One. (2012): n. page. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0033406>.

• Guest, J.S.. "MacCallum, Sir Peter." Australian Dictionary of Biography. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/maccallum-sir-peter-10905>.

• "First WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases." World Health Organization. WHO, 12 2012. Web. 19 Nov 2012. <http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/2010report/en/index.html>.

• Boulkroun, Sheerazed, and Laure Guenin-Mace. "The Journal of Immunology." Journal of Immunology. (2010): 1436-1444. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.jimmunol.org/content/184/3/1436.long>.