Buro Happold - #3 - Facade Innovation: Performance, Optimization, & Integration

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KING ABDULAZIZ KING ABDULAZIZ

CENTER FOR WORLD CULTURECENTER FOR WORLD CULTURE

Erik Verboon Buro Happold Façade Engineering

METALS IN CONSTRUCTIONFACADES CONFERENCECOLLABORATION

Façade Design and Construction Team

Designer

Engineers

Façade Contractor

building services engineeringstructural engineering

ground engineeringfacade engineering

fire engineering

infrastructureacoustics

lightingcomputational simulation and analysis

sustainability and alternative technologies

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Gift to the Saudi kingdom from the Saudi Aramco oil company to celebrate its 75th Anniversary. Started in 2007 Created to inspire a passion for leaning, creativity, volunteerism, and cross -cultural engagement throughout the Arab community Center is a result of an initiative by Saudi Aramco to honor Arab tradition, connecting Saudis to their culture while also attracting other world cultures to the Kingdom through authentic, personal encounters with science, history and culture.

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Saudi Aramco, orginally Saudi Arabian Oil Company, is the state owned national oil company of Saudi Arabia Headquartered in Dahra Known to have the world's largest oil reservers Worlds most valuable non-publically listed company. Project budget of $400 millon USD is 4.5 days revenue. Site chosen due to its proximity to Prosperity Well #7, the first location where oil was successfully sourced

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The origins of the building form originated around the concept of cultural interdependency in space, time and context, manifesting itself in the form of a series of pebble shapes that are discrete and individually recognizable, but that are organized in a way that every singular form is dependant on the next through the way they are supported.

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Building elements elevated out of the desert landscape Surrounded by a rammed earth ring that defines the extent of the plaza.

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Great Hall: large assembly area Library: Historical and contemporary texts Tower: office and flex space, and penthouse bar restaurant. Auditorium Keystone: conference, projection and performance space.

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free form

try most materials

reflectivity

vibrant light

uniformity vs joints

openings and stripes

uniqueness

sand proof

bird proof

self cleaning

durability

cultural reference

budget

schedule

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polished s/s nat. aluminum zinc

black titanium

copper

carbon fiber dull black rubber

shiny black rubber

ceramic

polychromic car paint

stone gfrc

grp

glass

concrete acrylic

tensile fabric

metal mesh

uhpc

etfe

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Counterpoint to desert landscape building was envisaged as a glossy, reflective skin.

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Process of design: Multiple and often conflicting criteria. Architect: delivering vision and architectural statement Client: pragmatic criteria driven by experience.

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So began exploration of material types.

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image by snøhetta RON ARAD ”THUMBPRINT”, CHATSWORTH

concept models

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Started with metal mesh, then moved to tube veil.

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Sun

screen

View out

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Models confirmation of design concept. Architect liked unique seams

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Inspired again by veins seen in pebbles. building forms were imprinted with stripes that defined windows.

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TUBE

SECTION

h = 12 mm

73mm Gaps

84% Open

TRANSITION ZONE

TUBE

SECTION

d = 76.1

88% Closed

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Together with Architects developed strategy for all facades from concept through construction docs. All but tower were a faceted , triangulated skin of metal decking spanning triangulated purlins with insulation and membrane. Tower utilized a faceted unitized system. Tubes supported by a subframe that penetrated the inner skin and was structured to primary structure.

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Meanwhile... Architects process time consuming and error prone. Building forms changing. Tried in CATIA, known to have offseting ability. Error prone due to input surface (irrational sub-division surface)

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King Abdulaziz Center for Knowledge & Culture

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Tried to automate offsetting in Rhino but its tool was not successful in creating the seams. Developed process for automating the detection and fixing the cusps. This also yielded errors.

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Crated a custom tool in Rhino based on first principles

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Smart Peel

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Automated the process of subframe generation. input: base building surface, base structural model, and subframe grid lines.

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Meanwhile, early prototyping began. Challenge was recognized early: HOW TO BEND THE TUBES?

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Initial mockup: Utilized facade concept developed by the team. Prefab panelized system Preferred initially by the team due to its assumed quick installation and high quality controlled within factory controlled fab.

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Buro Happold

Snøhetta

Buro Happold

Snøhetta

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Came to conclusion that this type of system would prove difficult to hide the joints between panels or the panels and tubes would not align to desired tolerance. Additionally it proved difficult to address movements and tolerances at a larger scale. Panels allowed more movement while tubes would only tolerate small movements.

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Seele wins bid Chosen because of their idea to have independent tubes attached to a continuous standing seam alum primary skin. No penetrations to weather line.

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Duplex SS was chosen due to its env resistance. and need for minimal maintenance critical for hidden components such as anchors.

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Inner facade is a doubly curved standing seam system. this is biggest departure from the tender design.. double curvature needed because the system required an inner skin to be a perfect offset from tubes. Standing seam roofing installed on site for all conditions except tower Tower needed single story high panels to allow for differential movements at stack joint. Joints are sealed on site with insulation membrane and tapes. Panel frames comprised of heavy steal frames that are hung similar to a curtain wall.

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Tubes 5m continuous lenths Pre-curved Laid so joints are staggered

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Each tube has three fixing points Thermal expansion and contraction happens in direction of tube. 2 of the fixing holes are slotted and 1 is fixed Male/Female movement joints provided with ring gasket to prevent water and air ingress. This also allows for ease of removal

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Movement in the other direction, normal to facade is take through bracket stress. Stresses, temps and limited access resulted in the use of titanium.

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Thank You

METALS IN CONSTRUCTIONFACADES CONFERENCECOLLABORATION

Buro Happold - #3 - Facade Innovation: Performance, Optimization, & Integration

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Transcript of Buro Happold - #3 - Facade Innovation: Performance, Optimization, & Integration