1. General

Reference Peter’s previous report on our visit to Burma during October 2012.

Apart from the required visa to enter Burma also required, after arriving, is a written authority

to travel along the railway from the Ministry of Hotels and Tourism with copies to:

Mon State Government and Immigration Department;

Karen State Government and Immigration Department;

South East Military Command;

Three Pagodas Township Administration Department;

Police Department; and

Immigration Department.

Also required is a letter of authority to travel within Karen State issued by Karen State

Administration - this must be obtained in person.

Documentation is inspected at the six checkpoints within Karen State.

Passport needs to be carried at all times. All checkpoints close at 4 pm and no travel can be

undertaken after that time.

The only accommodation is basic at Thanbyuzayat and 3 Pagodas.

Transport can only be done by 4-wheel drive as rough dirt roads and all rivers/watercourses

are forded. Travel can therefore be only done during the dry season. Some timber bridges

are currently under construction. To get to most of the railway points of interest, this can

only be done on foot through the jungle. As a tourist destination, it has nothing to

recommend it and would only be of interest to relatives of POW’s of “A” Force or military

historians interested in the Burma section of the railway.

Burma – Thailand Railway

Thanbyuzayat to 3 Pagodas

Peter Winstanley and John Brereton

April 2015

2. 00 kilo - Thanbyuzayat

Commencement of the railway with the current cemetery on the site of the original camp

cemetery. Contains the graves of the dead found and exhumed north of the joining point at

Konkoita, Thailand.

Between the cemetery and the railway station is the Japanese purpose built headquarters of

the Kempetai with the facade still displaying the Imperial Japanese stars and columns.

The station is still original having served the Moulmein to Ye line pre war and still does. The

railway commenced by looping off this line at the immediate north of the station, curving into

the corner of now private buildings. At the rear of the station were constructed two train

consolidation sidings, joining the line and looping onto the existing line at the south of the

station.

Thanbyuzayat Cemetery now Cemetery 1955

Kempetai Headquarters Kempetai Headquarters

Railway Station now Station 1943

Site of train consolidation sidings (2) constructed

at rear of Thanbyuzayat Station

Railway trace looping on to Moulmein to Ye line Railway trace continuing from station to private

at north end of station and commencement of premises

the railway

3. 4 kilo - Kandaw

Green Force

Original camp site now on private property. In later years a memorial depicting the

commencement of the railway is located here on state owned land on the western side of the

Moulmein to Ye line. This contains a concrete wall, a cement statue (damaged) and

locomotive C 0522. This area on previous visits was completely covered in vegetation but

has recently been cleaned up. The engine has been recently painted in its original black

livery. A museum dedicated to the railway is being marked out for future construction.

Post war memorial to the POWs Japanese locomotive C 0522 C0522

Site of new memorial museum now currently Kandaw siding 1945

under construction

4. 8 kilo - Wagale

Force

Now into rubber plantations as existing pre war and along the railway embankment with

timber culverts. The station building foundations now support a small school for children of

military personnel inside a large Mon Army Camp. Station buildings along the railway were

only small, light, timber constructions and none now exist on the Burma side. Still in use are

the hot springs. The POWs constructed concrete baths for the Japanese Officers and

separate ones for the NCO’s with related storage tanks and distribution aqueducts. The

other hot springs are located at Hindat camp in Thailand.

POW built hot springs bath house for Japanese Individual baths inside

Officers

Bath for Japanese NCOs Hot springs holding tank

Distribution aquaduct Holding tank No.2

Railway embankment between Kandaw and Remains of timber culvert crossing

Wagale

5. 14 kilo - Thetkaw

Railway embankment through the rubber on left of the road. Located just west of the

embankment is the Japanese memorial and pagoda to their railway dead (currently

inaccessible due renovations. Photos are from a previous visit). A statue of a lion indicates

the direction in a straight line to a large ordnance depot located on a large hill at Hlepauk.

Memorial to Japanese who died on the railway

Headstones of Japanese graves Railway trace through the rubber

Cemetery in 1945

6. 18 kilo - Hlepauk.

Anderson Force

The road has now crossed the railway and is on the right side going south. Now out of the

rubber with the embankment close by. Walking along the embankment and coming to a

large culvert still containing the remains of the timber piles.

Railway embankment

Remains of timber embankment head for timber trestle creek crossing

7. 26 kilo - Kunhnitkway

Ramsay Force

The railway here took seven bends where a recent road alignment has taken out a couple of

those. Unable to exactly locate the camp site as no village is in the vicinity and have no

exact camp details re-distinguishing features. However, where possible the camps were

located near a water source.

8. 30 kilo - Reptu

This became the base “ hospital” camp after repeated allied bombing and strafing of

Thanbyuzayat camp resulting in the deaths of nearly 70 POW ’s.

Three sidings were constructed here looping off the main line to the south east.

The large tree at the entrance to the camp and the village is still there. A seventy year old

village elder Mo Chi took us to the cemetery site where he found, as a child, remnants of

bamboo crosses left by the recovery team after exhumation of bodies for re-internment at

Thanbyuzayat. He also pointed out the old campsite including the camp well. Located

about 50 meters further along was a concrete base and a small section of large steel pipe

used for supplying water to the locomotives.

Site of Reptu Cemetery

Remains of the camp well Locomotive water feeder pipe to overhead tank

9. 35 kilo - Tanyin

Williams Force later joined by Anderson Force to form No. 1 Mobile Force (rails and

sleepers).

Road has crossed the line again which is now on the left hand side.

Embankments and a large timber bridge were constructed here. The camp consisted of four

huts housing 900 men with a further 200 Romusha. A short time later a further 900 of

Anderson Force was added.

Time constraints and the relatively large distance from the road means that this will be found

at the next visit at the end of this year.

10. 40 kilo - Betetaung

Black Force plus 184 Americans

Road has crossed the railway again with the line on the right. Large limestone cliffs on left of

road which contains large ballast quarry. Hammer and tap used to drill holes in the cliff for

dynamiting. The scars still remain with the large rocks being broken up by POW ’s now too

sick to work on the line . A few piles of graded sized rocks still remain. Camp site and

cemetery on west of the line more or less opposite the quarry. An old unfinished stupa with

an old and small pagoda is found adjacent to the line.

Limestone ballast quarry Old pagoda beside the railway embankment

Railway embankment Remains of old unidentified building beside the railway

The limestone ballast quarry is located at the foot of these cliffs

11. 45 kilo - Anankwin

No. 1 Mobile Force (Williams and Anderson)

Line here consisted of passing loops, jungle protection sidings and a turning triangle (trains

are looped off the main line and proceed to the apex thence reverse along the opposite side

thus now facing the other way). Bridging of the Myettaw River was one large timber trestle

and a 5 pylon steel bridge. After fording the river and passing the village thence walking

south then north to a right angled bend in the river and locate the southern pylon thence

locate the other four in the jungle. Located the camp site and also four large concrete

foundations with recesses that housed large steel posts to support the overhead locomotive

replenishment water tank together with the related concrete footing to support the pipe to fill

the tank after water is pumped from the creek. Under a house remain the footings for a

Japanese building.

Jungle covered bridge pylon Concrete bridge pylon No. 1

No. 1 pylon No. 2 pylon with stupa

No. 3 pylon No. 4 pylon

Concrete base for replenishment pipe supplying The four concrete foundations for the overhead

overhead locomotive water tank locomotive water tank

12. 50 kilo - Thanbaya

Bruce Hunt’s F Force “hospital” camp. Over 1700 desperately sick and unable to work came

here to die and about half did. With the assistance of Bruce Hunt’s map found ‘A’ well

thence further east to a large concrete footing for the railway. Proceeded to the southern

creek and found the remains of the distinctive timber crossing consisting of two sets of three

piles each. The northern creek crossing contains old railway sleepers. Across the padi field

to the immediate east is the eastern creek with ‘C’ well and the cook house site. The camp

here straddled the railway with the cemetery on the south west corner.

Cemetery site Corner camp and cemetery site

Campsite Remains of “Ä” well

Concrete railway footing north creek crossing Two sets of three piles of the southern creek timber crossing

Southern creek crossing Cemetery 1945 with members of war graves survey party

13. 55 kilo - Khon Khan

Albert Coates A Force “hospital” camp where he performed his amputations on leg ulcer

patients. He came here on a stretcher suffering from a severe bout of scrub typhus

contracted at 75 kilo camp at Meiloe. This site is reached from the left hand side of the road,

through the village thence a long walk through the jungle to the embankment. Travel south

to the Khon Khan River till the first pylon is reached. This steel bridge consisted of four

pylons. Further east down river is the passing loop which crosses the river by a timber

trestle. The camp and cemetery are located on the western side of the southern

embankment in a betelnut plantation. Captain Brereton was the last to leave here with 202

Australians and 58 Dutch where he returned to 105 kilo camp.

Railway embankment head at Khon Kahn River Camp site

Camp site Khon Kahn

No. 1 pylon No.2 pylon

No. 3 pylon No. 4 pylon

14. 60 kilo - Taungzun

No. 1 mobile force found masses of dead romusha in the dilapidated huts here as a result of

cholera. Jungle protection loop embankment is on right of the road here with the main line a

fair way in through the jungle on the left. The river running parallel to the road prevented any

further travel to the camp site. Will have to visit here next time by walking along the trace

from Ronsi.

Railway passing loop embankment (not main line)

15. 62 kilo - Ronsi

3 group “hospital” camp with several jungle sidings and a turning triangle.

Again the jungle protection loop on the right. Walking along the river to the east and the

large embankments with the remains of the steel bridge are found. The pylons are lying on

their sides due to allied bombing. Just east are the remains of the large timber trestle

bridge. Camp and cemetery sites are located to the east of the southern end of the timber

bridge.

Remains of the two concrete pylons of main steel bridge as a result of allied bombing (both pylons lying on their sides)

Remains of the large timber trestle bridge adjacent Construction of timber bridge 1943

to the steel bridge

16. 65 kilo - Kami Mezali

3 Group Headquarters Camp

Camp is located on right of road on the higher ground on the northern side of the Mezali

River. Following the river to the west the remains of the POW built road fords the river.

Camp site Camp site on high ground to the right of the riverbed

Campsite

17. 70 kilo - Mezali

No. 1 Mobile Force moved here after occupation by the Burmese. Also 5 group “hospital”

camp. A large Burmese cemetery here has not been located and recovered.

Impenetrable jungle prevented the long walk along the river to locate the steel bridge that

crossed the river here. To be done in the near future on next trip.

Concrete footing of timber trestle bridge crossing Embankment head on left hand side of river

Remains of original POW built road between this camp and Meiloe

18. 75 kilo - Meiloe

Black, Green and Ramsay Force Camp

On opposite side of the river with the camp and cemetery on the east side of the railway.

Was a low lying fever infested camp and is still so evidenced by the malaria warning notices.

Again the jungle prevented access to the railway on this occasion. To be done next trip.

Impenetrable jungle in the vicinity of Meiloe camp

19. 80 kilo - Aparaine

No. 5 group and No. 1 Mobile Force Camp

Located the concrete pylons of the steel bridge crossing the Aparon River with ground

around heavily cratered due to allied bombing. Remains of a rail at the foot of the southern

pylon. 3 creek crossings are here crossed by small timber trestles. Embankment on right

side of road.

Embankment head second creek crossing Aparaine bridge concrete pylon

Second concrete pylon Rails at foot of concrete embankment head

Remains of timber piles at third river crossing Concrete base of locomotive water replenishment pipe

20. 82 kilo - Aparon

Site of the steel bridge crossing the Zami River. Concrete pylons found with ground heavily

cratered due to allied bombing. The cemetery never located due to bombing. A long walk

through the jungle is required to meet the embankment thence south along the embankment

to the bridge remains. One of the steel spans lies here. Passing loop and jungle protection

sidings were located here. The POW camp was located a little south of the bridge towards

Lawa.

Concrete pylon north bank Concrete pylon south bank

Northern pylon Remains of steel railway span

Railway embankment just before reaching the bridge Bridge post war

Bridge after construction

21. Tadein

Located on the northern bank of the Zami and up river of Aparon bridge. This is now the

location of a Karen village. A single vehicle punt is used for crossing when the river is too

high to ford. Both a Romusha camp and the Japanese camp were located here. The

railway did not pass through here.

22. 85 kilo - Lawa

No. 5 Group Camp

Railway on left of road but camp site not able to be identified as now distinguishing features

exist. A large Burmese cemetery exists here but not located and not recovered.

Railway embankment

23. 95 kilo - Kyondaw

F Force transit camp for the sick moving to Thanbaya from the northern Thailand camps.

Many died here. Reached after several crossings of the Zami. The embankment still

contains numerous teak sleepers. Unable to locate the camp site as there are no

distinguishable features.

Concrete footing for timber culvert Railway embankment

Railway embankment with sleeper

The Blue Haze – a tribute to Leslie Hall

24. 100 kilo - Regue

No. 5 Group Camp

Embankment on left of road, however the railway crosses numerous creeks and small

waterfalls as we are now at the headwaters of the Zami. Concrete footings for timber

trestles and a concrete block with steel pipe for locomotive water replenishment near small

dam are found here. To get an accurate picture will require walking along the full trace. Not

clear as to where the camp was.

Concrete footing Zamie river crossing Second timber river crossing

Second timber river crossing Embankment

Concrete footing between Regue and Kyondaw Remains of railway crossing north Regue

Second river crossing north of Regue Locomotive water replenishing pipe and base in the

Vicinity of left hand photo

Crossing after the war with timber trestle still surviving

25. 105 kilo - Aungganaung

Black, Green and Ramsay Forces and later used as a consolidation camp for POW ’s

returning to Thailand at the completion of the railway.

Just north of here the embankment merges into the existing road until reaching the outskirts

of 3 Pagodas. The camp site and cemetery easily located as it was immediately to the right

of the railway. The site slopes downhill and the creek is located on the southern side of the

camp.

Camp site

Camp site

Looking up slope from camp to railway Railway trace – now a road. Creek on southern side of the camp.

Camp on right hand side.

Entrance to cemetery now Entrance to cemetery 1945 with war graves survey party

26. 108 kilo - Payathanzutaung

Green Force and later No.1 Mobile Force moved here after marching from

95 kilo. Again the camp and cemetery located on the immediate right of the railway, now the

road.

Campsite

Road now railway trace here; camp on left hand side.

27. 110 kilo - 3 Pagodas

The road leaves the embankment and proceeds through the town. The embankment is now on the

left behind private property. Existing rails with old teak sleepers are located here terminating at the

border alongside a small concrete wall monument.

Memorial stone Railway embankment

Embankment Original railway terminating at border Looking north from railway termination