Bureau of Labor Statistics Green Jobs Initiative Mark Maggi Economist, Boston U.S. Department of...

Bureau of Labor Statistics Green Jobs Initiative

Mark MaggiEconomist, Boston

U.S. Department of Labor Women’s Bureau andthe Central MA Workforce Investment Board

Worcester, MASeptember 14, 2012

BLS Green Jobs Initiative

Goals are to provide information on: Number of green jobs and trends over

time Industrial, occupational, and geographic

distribution of these jobs What these jobs pay Career information on green jobs

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Defining Green Jobs

Definition should be objective and measurable

Use standard classifications to provide comparability to other data

– North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

– Standard Occupational Classification (SOC)

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Defining Green Jobs BLS background work

Reviewed the literature– No widely accepted definition

Examined international work– Statistics Canada, Eurostat

Consulted with stakeholders– Federal agencies, Council of

Environmental Quality, industry associations, States

Green Jobs Study Group– http://www.workforceinfocouncil.org/

GreenJobs.asp4

Defining Green Jobs

Solicited public comment March 16, 2010, Federal Register

Notice Further consultation with Federal

agencies during the comment period Final definition and summary of

comments September 21, 2010, Federal Register

Notice

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Approaches to Measuring Green Jobs

A. Output Approach: 1. Identify establishments producing green

goods and services

2. Count the associated jobs.

B. Process Approach: 1. Identify establishments using

environmentally friendly technologies and practices.

2. Count the associated jobs

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BLS Green Jobs Definition

Green jobs are either: A. Output: Jobs in businesses that

produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources.

B. Process: Jobs in which workers’ duties involve making their establishment’s production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources.

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BLS Green Jobs Products

Green Goods and Services (GGS): industry and state employment

GGS: occupational staffing patterns and wages for GGS industry employment

Green Technologies and Practices (GTP): occupational staffing patterns and wages for employees engaged in green technologies or practices at establishments

Career information on selected green occupations 8

Categories of Green Goods and Services

1. Electric energy from renewable sources or nuclear

2. Energy efficient equipment, appliances, buildings and vehicles, and goods and services that improve the energy efficiency of buildings and the efficiency of energy storage and distribution

3. Pollution mitigation; greenhouse gas reduction; and recycling and reuse goods and services

4. Organic agriculture; sustainable forestry; and soil, water and wildlife conservation

5. Governmental and regulatory administration; and education, training, and advocacy goods and services

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Identifying Green Goods and Services

Generally designated as green only goods and services that directly benefit the environment Does not automatically include inputs or

distribution of outputs, but evaluates these for direct environmental benefit

Identified 333 detailed NAICS industries where green goods and services are classified. See www.bls.gov/green

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http://www.bls.gov/green

Examples of Industries with Green Content

Organic corn production (anything organic) Electric power production from wind, solar, biomass, hydroelectric

or nuclear sources, etc. Manufacturing of energy efficient products (hybrid cars and

batteries) Manufacturing of Energy Star appliances, computers, etc. Sewage treatment facilities, and their construction Construction using Leadership in Energy and Environmental design

(LEED) approved materials Retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency Aluminum smelting - reintroducing recycled cans Urban mass transit Government development and enforcement of environmental

regulations

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Identifying Green Goods and Services

Where possible, BLS is using well-established, well-recognized standards for consistency, e.g. Energy Star (Environmental Protection

Agency, Department of Energy) LEEDS, Green Globes WaterSense (EPA) Sustainable Forestry Initiative UL Environment (Underwriters Laboratory)

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Measuring Green Goods and Services Jobs

Green Goods and Services (GGS) survey Sample establishments in industries where

green goods and services are classified Present to respondents a description of

green products or services classified in their industry

Request share of revenue accounted for by sale of green goods and services

Use share of revenue as proxy for share of employment

Request employment if no revenue. 13

Measuring Green Goods and Services Jobs

Green Goods and Services (GGS) survey Sample: approximately 120,000 units Stratified by industry, state and

ownership Mailing began in late April 2011 70 percent response rate attained Results released on March 22, 2012 Ongoing annual survey, quarterly

updates 14

GGS Industry Data: March 22

Data elements: Number of jobs meeting BLS

definition– GGS employment

Percent of total employment for that industry

Level of total employment in that industry

– Annual average from published QCEW (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages) data

– QCEW is based on UI coverage (state and federal)– QCEW is employment benchmark for CES 15

What are GGS jobs?

Any type of job: Mass transit: bus or subway drivers,

accountants, management, human resources, etc.

Construction of hydroelectric plant: electricians, engineers, laborers, cement truck drivers, administrative staff, etc.

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GGS Employment: U.S. totals

3,129,100 Green Goods and Services (GGS) jobs in 2010 2.4 percent of total employment

2,268,800 GGS jobs in private industry 2.1 percent of total private employment

860,300 GGS jobs in government 4.0 percent of total government

employment17

GGS Employment in Major Industries: Private Sector

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000 461,847

372,077349,024

319,915

245,057

Employment

GGS Employment: Private Industry

1) Manufacturing 461,800 1.8% of manufacturing employment

– Primary metal 66,900• iron and steel recycling

– HVAC equipment 40,800• Air purification equipment• Air conditioning, refrigeration and forced air

heating

– Transportation equipment 38,500• Motor vehicle parts 18,900• Motor vehicle 9,700


2) Construction 372,100 1.5% of construction employment

– Specialty trade contractors 258,900– Construction of buildings

82,000– Heavy and civil engineering 31,200

• LEED-certified construction projects• Retrofitting buildings for energy efficiency• Construction of power plants using renewable

sources or nuclear


3) Professional, scientific and technical services 349,000 4.7 % of Prof, scientific and tech employment

– Engineering services 100,800– Architectural services 71,900– Mgt & technical consulting services 71,200– Legal services 4,100

• Design and engineering for waste water plants, LEED buildings, etc.• Research and development in sciences related to the

environment• Legal services on environmental regulations

Electric Power Generation Employment

Private 44,200– Nuclear 35,800– Hydroelectric 3,700– Wind 2,200– Biomass 1,100– Geothermal 600– Solar 400

This industry is limited to just those establishments that produce electric power for distribution.

GGS Employment: Public Employment Percent

of Total

Government 860,300 4.0% Local 476,500

3.4%– Transp. and warehousing 228,900– Utilities 99,800

State 227,100 4.9%– Public administration 141,700– Education and Health 50,100

Federal 156,700 5.3%– Public administration 128,300– Leisure and hospitality 13,500

GGS EmploymentPercent of total state

employment

GGS Employment: States

Top 5 States in percentage of total employment

Vermont 4.4% District of Columbia 3.9% Idaho 3.7% Alaska 3.6% Maryland 3.6%

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About GGS Employment

First release

Single observation

All data are annual averages for 2010

Baseline for measuring future trends Quarterly updates 2011 Data: Estimated January 2013

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BLS green jobs products




Career information on selected green occupations

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Measuring Green Goods and Services Jobs - Occupations

GGS -Occupational staffing of green goods and service jobs Goal is to understand differences in

occupational staffing and wages between businesses producing green goods and services and other businesses

Administer the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey to establishments in the GGS sample

Publication target—late September 2012

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BLS Green Jobs Definition

Green jobs are either: A. Output: Jobs in businesses that

produce goods or provide services that benefit the environment or conserve natural resources. (GGS)

B. Process: Jobs in which workers’ duties involve making their establishment’s production processes more environmentally friendly or use fewer natural resources. (GTP)

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Types of Green Technologies and

Practices

1. Generating energy from renewable sources primarily for use within the establishment.

2. Improving energy efficiency within the establishment.

3. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from operations.

4. Reducing or eliminating the creation of, or release of, pollutants or toxic compounds resulting from operations.

5. Reducing or eliminating the creation of waste materials resulting from operations.

6. Conserving natural resources consumed during business operations. (Does not include using recycled inputs in production processes)

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Measuring Green Technologies and Practices

Jobs

More than 50 percent of the employee’s time is spent: Researching, Developing, Maintaining, or Using technologies or practices related to

the six categories of green activitiesOR

Training workers at the establishment in one or more of the six categories of green activities

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Jobs

Green Technologies and Practices (GTP) method Sample 35,000 establishments in all

industries (except private households) stratified by region and industry

Present a list of green activities for respondents to evaluate whether or not they are used at the establishment

Request occupation and wage information for employees who spend more than 50 percent of their time in these green activities

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Jobs

Field tested the concepts and survey instrument—paper form and on-line collection

Survey collection during 9/2011-3/2012 Products

Percent of businesses with each type of activity Employment across all activities Occupations reported performing green

activities and their wages Results released on June 29, 2012

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GTP DataPercent of establishments reporting, by type of

technology or practice

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GTP DataOccupations with the highest GTP

employment

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Information on Green Careers

Articles currently available: Wind Energy Solar Power Green Construction Electric Vehicles Recycling Energy Auditors Sustainability

http://www.bls.gov/green/greencareers.htm

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Contact Information

Mark Maggi, EconomistNew England Information Office

[email protected]

Public information number617-565-2327

http://www.bls.gov/ro1/

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mailto:[email protected]

http://www.bls.gov/ro1/

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