Bunkering in the 21Bunkering in the 21stst Century CenturyBunkering in the 21Bunkering in the 21stst Century Century

G.R.Bowler,Inc. Marine Controls

2261 Lake Rd.

Ontario,NY 14519 USA

www.grbowler.com

315-524-8750

BenefitsBenefits of of 1% 1% Measurement ImprovementMeasurement ImprovementBenefitsBenefits of of 1% 1% Measurement ImprovementMeasurement Improvement Bunker represents 50-70% of total ship operating expense

Example: Large container ship-7,750 TEU– Last summer bunkers @ $500/tn = $30M

– Now $335/tn = $13.4M

– Next summer ????

What does a 1% measurement improvement mean to you? – Last summer $300K potential savings

– Today $134k potential savings

– Reduced billing discrepancies The technology is here today that can benefit suppliers, barge

operators and shipping companies

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Bunker Sources of Error

Custody Transfer Challenges

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

Questions

Bunker Sources of Error Bunker Sources of Error Bunker Sources of Error Bunker Sources of Error

Bunker Tank

1 cm tape error = 0.25% error for a 4m level

Potential savings on 9000 tonne stem $7,500

°C°C

Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature Bunker Sources of Error – Temperature

°C °C °C °C °C

Placement of temperature probe is critical for optimum volume to mass conversion

Is the temperature measurement representative of total bunker?

Average calculation vs single pointSavings can be significant 2°C error on temp (avg) = 0.1%

error for a 991g/l product at 50°CSavings $$$

Tank A Tank B

D

Sources of Error Sources of Error - Density & Stratification - Density & Stratification Sources of Error Sources of Error - Density & Stratification - Density & Stratification

Tank Stratification

Errors of 0.25% to 1.5% possible

Bunker Sources of Error – Entrained GasBunker Sources of Error – Entrained GasBunker Sources of Error – Entrained GasBunker Sources of Error – Entrained GasConsider a Bunker with 5% entrained gas: A volume measurement will give a batch error of +5% Effect on mass measurement is negligible Drive Gain can be used to indicate presence of EG

5% error = $151K

potential loss

Bunker Sources of Error – Bunker Sources of Error – Volume to Mass ConversionVolume to Mass ConversionBunker Sources of Error – Bunker Sources of Error – Volume to Mass ConversionVolume to Mass Conversion

Manual

Conversion formula:Actual volume > net volume > weight(vac) > weight(air) =(?)% calc error

Volume-based Measurement

Automated

BDN

Direct Mass Measurement

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Bunker Sources of Error Custody Transfer Challenges Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Questions

Custody Transfer ProcessesCustody Transfer ProcessesCustody Transfer ProcessesCustody Transfer Processes Custody transfer is simply an agreement between

two Parties: Buyer and Seller

However, the Bunkering process is not so simple

Everyday Custody Transfer ExamplesEveryday Custody Transfer ExamplesEveryday Custody Transfer ExamplesEveryday Custody Transfer Examples

Well Head

Truck/Ship Loading

Pipelines

Truck Dispensing

Retail Dispensing

Repeatable, accurate measurement – globally accepted

Reasonable capital costs to support operations

Lifecycle cost considered for operational efficiency

Bunker Fuel Custody TransferBunker Fuel Custody TransferBunker Fuel Custody TransferBunker Fuel Custody Transfer

Make sure “I’m getting what I’m paying for”

Eliminate idle/downtime due to refueling operation

Reduce the number of billing discrepancies and arbitration claims

Operating VesselBargeFuel Storage Terminal

Bunkering custody transfer needs are the same as other industries

Bunker Fuel Custody Transfer ChallengesBunker Fuel Custody Transfer ChallengesBunker Fuel Custody Transfer ChallengesBunker Fuel Custody Transfer Challenges During Validation

– Volume to mass conversions

– Temperature compensations

– Stacked uncertainties of reference system

– Product quality concerns

Actual Operational Challenges– Inherent differences between tank

measurements

– Entrained gas (Air bubbles)

– Product holdup in barge pipelines

– Placement of meter for buyer’s confidence

– Potential for backflow through meter

Operating VesselBargeFuel Storage Terminal

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Bunker Sources of Error Custody Transfer Challenges are not New to

Emerson Coriolis Technology at Work Questions

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Three phase test program in

execution:

– Phase 1: Load barge @ refinery via Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions

– Phase 2: Dispense bunker fuel into a vessel via the Micro Motion meter in both ideal and non-ideal conditions

– Phase 3: Use a vessel installed meter to measure incoming fuel for both ideal and non ideal conditions.

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Micro Motion

Coriolis test program is complete and successful

Final data being prepared for discussion

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work

Stem TestsMass Quantity

tonneLaust HC3 to

Antwerp tanksLaust HC3 to Antwerp HC3

Spread HC3 vs HC3

Bunker Stem A 742 -0.06% 0.00% -0.06%Bunker Stem B 931 0.17% 0.27% -0.10%Bunker Stem C 932 0.01% 0.04% -0.03%Overall Bunkering 2619 0.05% 0.11% -0.06%

Mass Deviation in %

Micro Motion ELITE High Capacity Coriolis Meters

Size :Flow RangeSize :Flow RangeHC2 : 750 TnHC2 : 750 TnHC3 : 1275 TnHC3 : 1275 TnHC4 : 2100 TnHC4 : 2100 Tn

Size :Flow RangeSize :Flow RangeHC2 : 750 TnHC2 : 750 TnHC3 : 1275 TnHC3 : 1275 TnHC4 : 2100 TnHC4 : 2100 Tn

Micro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at WorkMicro Motion Coriolis Technology at Work Sufficient data to MID certify:

– Barge loading– Barge dispensing– Ship receiving

Testing supports a 0.5% bunker delivery accuracy

Savings potential expected to be significant