Buletin Farmasi 102014

8/10/2019 Buletin Farmasi 102014

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Dengueis one of the most important arthro-pod-borne viral diseases in terms of human

morbidity and mortality. Dengue has become

an important

public health problem. It affects tropical and

subtropical regions around the world, pre-

dominantly in urban and semi urban areas.

Dengue feveralso known as breakbone fe

ver, is a mosquito-borne tropical disease

caused by the dengue virus.Symptoms in-

clude fever,headache,muscle andjoint

pains,and a characteristic skin rash that is

similar to measles.In a small proportion of

cases the disease develops into the life-

threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever, re-

sulting in bleeding,low levels of blood plate-

lets and blood plasma leakage, or into den

gue shock syndrome, where dangerously low

blood pressure occurs.

Dengue is transmitted by several species of

mosquito within the genus Aedes,principally

A aegypti.The virus has five different types,

infection with one type usually gives lifelong

immunity to that type, but only short-term

immunity to the others. Subsequent infection

with a different type increases the risk of

severe complications. As there is no com-

mercially available vaccine, prevention is

sought by reducing the habitat and the num-

ber of mosquitoes and limiting exposure to

bites.

DENGUE FEVER(DEMAM DENGGI)

BULETIN FARMASI

UNIT FARMASI, HOSPITAL TENGKU ANIS

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Contents :

What is Dengue Fever? 1

Tinta Ketua Pegawai

Farmasi

2

Signs & Symptoms of

Dengue Fever

3

AedesMosquitoes 4

Statistic of Dengue Fe-

ver

5

Causes of Dengue Fever 6

Diagnosis of Dengue

Fever

8

Prevention of Dengue 9

Management of Dengue

Fever

10

Crossword Puzzle 12

Poster 13

New Brand Name of

Medicine Available in

HTA

14

Aktiviti 5S 15

Klik-klik Farmasi HTA 16
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito-borne_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthralgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthralgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbilliformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegyptihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegyptihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medical)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedes_aegyptihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aedeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquitohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_(circulatory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopeniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleedinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morbilliformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_rashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthralgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthralgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myalgiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headachehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengue_virushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito-borne_disease


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Assalamualaikum dan Salam Sihat 1 Malaysia.

Alhamdulillah bersyukur kita ke hadrat Allah kerana

dengan izin-Nya Unit Farmasi Hospital Tengku Anis

dapat mengeluarkan bulletin edisi September 2014

untuk tatapan semua. Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan

kepada semua yang telah menyumbangkan idea dan

kreativiti dalam edisi kali ini.

Edisi kali ini bertepatan dengan situasi yang sedang

melanda seluruh negara kita iaitu DENGGI. Sehingga

9 Ogos 2014, sebanyak 59,790 kes dilaporkan di

seluruh negara dan jumlah kematian yang

dilaporkan adalah sebanyak 123 kematian (http://

kpkesihatan.com). Di Kelantan, sehingga 20 Sep-

tember, sebanyak 12,380 kes denggi dilaporkan

berbanding 1,003 kes untuk tempoh yang sama

tahun lalu (berita harian, 23 Sept 2014).

Pelbagai usaha telah dijalankan seperti Ops Mega

dan Kempen Perangi Aedes Habis-habisan yang

melibatkan pelbagai kementerian dan agensi, na-

mun jika tahap kesedaran rakyat tidak ditingkatkan

masalah ini sukar diatasi. Selain daripada ubat-

ubatan, banyak wang telah dibelanjakan untuk

aktiviti pendidikan dan advokasi kesihatanmengenai denggi. Marilah kita bersama-sama be-

rusaha untuk mencegah aedes daripada membiak

dan melindungi orang yang tersayang daripada

menjadi mangsa denggi.

Semoga edisi kali ini dapat memberikan banyak

manfaat kepada kita semua. Akhir kata marilah kita

renungkan kata-kata hikmat daripada Imam Al-

Ghazali untuk dijadikan panduan kita semua:

Menuntut ilmu adalah taqwa, menyampaikan ilmu

adalah ibadah, mengulang-ulang ilmu adalah zikir

dan mencari ilmu adalah jihad.

Sekian, terima kasih.

TINTA KETUA PEGAWAI FARMASI HTA

PAGE 2

PN LIJAH BT OTHMAN

KETUA PEGAWAI FARMASI

HOSPITAL TENGKU ANIS

BULETINFARMASI

SEPTEMBER

2014

SIDANG REDAKSI :

PENASIHAT :

PN. LIJAH BT. OTHMAN

KETUA EDITOR :

HASLIZA BT. ABDULLAH

EDITOR :

NURULHUDA BT. ABD. RAFAR

SITI NADIA ADILAH BT. MD. NOR

MOHD. IZZUDIN B MOHD.

JAAFFAR

NIK MOHD FADHIL B. NIK MAT

FATHIEN NAJJIHAH BT A. AZIZ

SITI NURSAFARINA BT MOHD. SABRI

ANGGOTA UNIT FARMASI,

HOSPITAL TENGKU ANIS

SEKAPUR SIREH SEULAS PINANG

Berdiri dari kiri : Wan Hamidah, Roshita, Amran, Mohd. Izzuddin,

Md. Asyraf, Nik Mohd Fadhil, Arzehar, Zainul Abidin

Duduk dari kiri : Fathien Najjihah, Hasliza, Lijah, Nurulhuda,

Siti Nadia Adilah, Siti Nursafarina
http://kpkesihatan.com/http://kpkesihatan.com/http://kpkesihatan.com/http://kpkesihatan.com/http://kpkesihatan.com/


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PAGE 4AEDESMOSQUITOES

Can any type of mosquito carry dengue? The dengue virus is carried and spread by

mosquitoes in the genus Aedes, which includes a number of mosquito species. Of

these species, the primary vector of the dengue virus is the speciesAedes ae-

gypti. It is the principal dengue vector responsible for dengue transmission and

dengue epidemics. Other mosquito species in the genusAedesinclud-

ingAedes albopictus,Aedes polynesiensis, andAedes scutellarishave a lim-

ited ability to serve as dengue vectors.Aedes aegyptiis a small, dark mosquito that can be identified by the white bands

on its legs and a silver-white pattern of scales on its body . Where are these mos-

quitoes found?Aedes aegyptidwell in tropical and subtropical regions all over

the world, mainly between the latitudes of 35N and 35S where the winter tem-

perature is no colder than 10C. Although some mosquitoes may travel farther

north or south of these latitudes, they are unable to survive cold winters. Because

How Is Dengue Transmitted to Humans?

The dengue virus is spread through a human-to-mosquito-to-human cycle of transmission. Typical-

ly, four days after being bit by an infectedAedes

aegyptimosquito, a person will develop viremia, a

condition in which there is a high level of the den-

gue virus in the blood. Viremia lasts for approxi-

mately five days, but can last as long as twelve

days. On the first day of viremia, the person gener-

ally shows no symptoms of dengue. Five days after

being bit by the infected mosquito, the person de-

velops symptoms of dengue fever, which can last

for a week or longer.

Dengue Transmission : The dengue virus is

spread through a human-to-mosquito-to-

human cycle of transmission


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PAGE 5STATISTICS OF DENGUE FEVER

KES DENGGI DILAPORKAN PADA MINGGU 25/2014 (15 hingga 21 Jun 2014)


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PAGE 6

C USES OF DENGUE FEVER

Dengue is caused by any one of four related viruses transmit-

ted by mosquitoes.

The dengue mosquito, orAedes aegypti, is the main type of

mosquito that transmits dengue fever and is found in many

tropical countries around the world.

Aedes aegypti

DENGUE VIRUS


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PAGE 7

AEDES MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE

AEDES VIRUS LIFE CYCLE


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PAGE 8DIAGNOSIS OF DENGUE FEVER

The diagnosis of dengue fever is usually made when a patient exhibits the typical

clinical symptoms

1.Headache 2.Fever 3.Eye pain,

4.Severe muscle aches 5.Petechial rash

and has a history of being in an area where dengue fever is endemic

W RNING SIGNS

Abdominal pain or tenderness

Persistent vomiting

Clinical fluid accumulation (pleural effu-sion, ascites)

Mucosal bleed

Restlessness or lethargy

Liver enlargement > 2 cm

Laboratory : Increase in HCT with rapid decrease in platelet

Dengue fever can be difficult to diagnose because its symptoms overlap with those

of many other viral illnesses, such as West Nile virus , Cikungunya, Leptospirosis,

Typhoid fever, Yellow fever, Scarlet Fever,Rocky Mountain spotted fever,Menin-

gococcemia and several others if the patient has severe symptoms.

EX MS ND TESTS

Tests that may be done to diagnose Dengue Fever include:

Antibody titerfor dengue virus types

Complete blood count (CBC)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for

dengue virus types

Liver function tests

PAGE 8DIAGNOSIS OF DENGUE FEVER
http://www.medicinenet.com/eye_pain/symptoms.htmhttp://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=122761http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=100221http://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/antibody-titer/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/antibody-titer/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/cbc/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/cbc/overview.htmlhttp://health.nytimes.com/health/guides/test/antibody-titer/overview.htmlhttp://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=100221http://www.emedicinehealth.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=122761http://www.medicinenet.com/eye_pain/symptoms.htm


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PAGE 9PREVENTION OF DENGUE FEVER

-There is no vaccine to prevent dengue.

The best way to prevent geng the dis-

ease is to avoid being bien by an in-

fected mosquito.

Avoid being bien by a mosquito by:

using insect repellent through the

day and night to avoid being bien

products containing N-

diethylmetatoluamide (DEET) are eec-

ve, but products containing this ingre-

dient should not be used in babies

younger than two years old

eliminate the places where the

mosquito lays her eggs, like arcial

containers that hold water in and

around the home.

wearing loose-ng but protecve

clothingmosquitoes are able to bite

through ght-ng clothes; trousers,

long-sleeved shirts and socks and shoes

(not sandals) are ideal

sleeping under a mosquito netto

avoid being bien at night

be aware of your environment

mosquitoes that cause dengue breed in

standing water in crowded urban envi-

ronments; this can range from commu-

nal toilets to water that gathers inside a

stack of old res

Prevenng insect bites and sngs

There are a number of precauons you can take to

avoid being bien or stungby insects.

move away slowlyand don't panic if you en-

counter wasps, hornets or bees don't wave your

arms around or swat at them

cover exposed skin if you're outside at a me

of day when insects are parcularly acve, such as

sunrise or sunset, cover your skin by wearing long

sleeves and trousers

wear shoes when outdoors

apply insect repellent to exposed areas of skin,

parcularly in summer or early autumn, when sngs are most likely to occur

repellents that contain diethyltoluamide (DEET) are most eecve

avoid using products with strong perfumes, such as soaps, shampoos and

deodorants they can aract insects

avoid owering plants, outdoor areas where food is served, rubbish and

compostregularly and carefully remove any fallen fruit in your garden and

keep a well-ng lid on dustbins

never disturb insect nests wasps build nests in sheltered areas such as

trees and roof spaces; if a nest is in or near your house, arrange to have it re-

moved

avoid camping near water, such as ponds and swampsmosquitoes and

horseies are commonly found near water

keep food and drink covered when eang or drinking outside, parcularly

sweet thingswasps or bees can also get into open drink boles or cans you're

drinking from

keep doors and windows closed or put thin neng or door beads over

themto prevent insects geng inside the

PAGE 9PREVENTION OF DENGUE FEVER


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PAGE 10

MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE FEVER

1) Monitoring-Treatment is mainly supportive thus monitoring is essential. Parameters that

should be monitor closely are hydration status, mental status, hemodynamic status,

skin colour, extremities-cold @warm, capillary rell (normal < 2 seconds), pulse rate

and volume, blood pressure and pulse pressure, respiratory status (respiratory rate,

oxygen saturation), urine output, bleeding tendency, abdominal tenderness, ascites,

pleural eusion and laboratory parameters: such as full blood count and haematocrit.

-The frequency or intensity of monitoring depend on which phase the patient is in.

Closer monitoring for 24-48 hours is needed for patients who are in critical phase.

2) General measures

-Antipyretics: paracetamol. Avoid giving aspirin and NSAIDs to reduced bleeding

tendency.

-Hydration with intravenous isotonic crystalloid solution: eg : normal saline to keep

optimal pulse volume and uid status.

3. Treatment of severe dengue

-Assessment of uid status plays the main role in management.

-Fluid decit is the result of third space loss through plasma leakage and should be

managed with uid resuscitation.

-Whole blood, platelet and FFP transfusion may be needed in cases with signicant

haemorrhages.


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PAGE 11

1) DIET

Patients are recommended to drink plenty of water at

least 3litres per day or any liquid juices , coconut wa-ter, ORS etc to prevent dehydration

2) FOODS THAT CAN HELP TO INCREASE

PLATELET COUNTS

Leafy green vegetables.They are high in Vitamin K, calcium and oth-

er minerals that have been shown to help blood to clot.

Sesame oil has been found to be especially helpful in increasing platelet count.

Papaya leaves are rich in complex vitamins and are known to contain high amounts of Vita-

min A, C, E, K, and B.It is also known to increase the white blood cells and helps in the pro-

duction of platelets when taken in the form of juice

Fruits containing anti-oxidants such as berries, pomegranates,oranges,tomatoes, brocco-

li, cashew nuts, and grapesare rich in minerals and vitamins. They help in the eliminating

the free radicals in the blood.

Vitamin C tablets dissolved in water can easily be absorbed by the body which quickly helps

restore the platelet count.

According to a study that appeared in the September 1999 issue ofThe American Journal of

Clinical Nutrition, researchers found that antioxidants such as vitamin E and phytoestrogens

found in whole grains appear to increase blood platelet levels by reducing the platelet-

aggregating eects of the blood.

Omega-3 fatty acid foods boost your immune system and can naturally increase your platelet

level count.


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BULETINFARMASI

SEPTEMBER2

014


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Bil Generic Name Trade Name Previous Brand Current Brand

1 Amlodipine 10mg Tab Norvasc Vamlo 10 Hovasc 10

2 Amlodipine 5mg Tab Norvasc Vamlo 5 Hovasc 5

3

Amoxycillin + Clavulanic Acid 1.2g Inj

Augmenn

Clavicin 1.2g

Co-Amoxiclav 1.2g

4 Calcium Polystyrene Sulphonate Powder Kalimate Kalimate 5g Resincalcio 5g

5 Cefuroxime 125mg Tab Zinnat Zinnat Auroxel

6 Clopidogrel 75mg Tab Plavix Clopivid Clopi-75

7 Donepezil HCL 5mg Tab Aricept Aricept Torpezil

8 Doxazosin Mesylate 4mg MR Tablet Cardura XL Cardura XL Kamiren XL

9 Ethinyloestradiol 30mcg & Desogestrel 150mcg Tab Marvelon Marvelon Desolon

10 Ethinyloestradiol 30mcg & Levonogestrel 150mcg Tablet Rigevidon Rigevidon Oralcon

11 Finasteride 5mg Tab Proscar Proscar Finaintas

12

Flumazenil 0.5mg/5ml Inj

Romazicon

Antabenz

Flumazenil-Hameln

13 Heparin 50ii in 5ml NaCl 0.9% Inj Heparin Saline Heparin Saline Heparinol 10

14 Ipratropium Br. 0.25mg+Salbutamol 2.5mg UDV Combivent UDV Ipramol UDV Combivent UDV

15 Latanoprost 0.005% Eye Drops Xalatan Xalatan Latandrop

16 Leveracetam 500mg Tab Keppra Keppra Torleva

17 Losartan 50mg + HCTZ 12.5mg Tab Hyzaar Hyzaar Acetan

18 Losartan 50mg Tab Cozaar Cozaar Losartan-Winthrop

19 Mecobalamin 500mcg Tab Methycobal Mecomin Vecobal

20 Meormin 500mg+Glibenclamide 5mg Tab Glucovance Glucovance Diamide

21

Montelukast 10mg Tab

Singulair

Singulair

Airlukast

22 Nystan 100,000 units/ml Susp Mycostan Tystan Mikosat

23 Recombinant Human Synthec Insulin Biphasic Inj Mixtard Mixtard Insuman Combo

24 Recombinant Human Synthec Insulin Intermediate Acng Insulatard Insulatard Insuman Basal

25 Recombinant Human Synthec Insulin Short Acng Inj Actrapid Actrapid Insuman Rapid

26 Sod. Bicarb., Citric Acid, Sod. Cit., Tartaric Acid Granules Ural U-Lite Ux

27 Tramadol HCL 50mg Cap Tramal Acugesic Pangesic

28 Vitamin B1, B6, B12 Tab Neurobion Neurobine Vitbion

NEW BRAND NAME OF MEDICINES AVAILABLE AT HOSPITAL TENGKU ANIS

2014


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LOGO 5S UNIT FARMASI HTAAKTIVITI

AKTIVITI S

GOTONG-ROYONG 5S

SEBELUM 5S SELEPAS 5S


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BULETINFARMASI

SEPTEMBER2014

PAMERAN KENALI UBAT ANDA & PENGGUNAAN UBAT BERKUALITI

SEMPENA PROGRAM SEMARAK KOMUNITI 1 MALAYSIA DAN PELANCARAN

UNIT KOMUNIKASI BELIA RAKAN IT NEGERI KELANTAN


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BULETINFARMASI

SEPTEMBER

2014

Salam Takziah kepada keluarga Allahyarham En. Arzeharbin Mohd Yakzan, Penolong Pegawai Farmasi HTA yang

telah kembali ke rahmatullah pada 4 September 2014.

Semoga Allahyarham ditempatkan bersama-sama orang

yang beriman.

ALFATIHAH

Buletin Farmasi 102014

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