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Transcript of Bulet Train
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CONTENTS
1 Introduction
2 History
3 Classifications of rail transport in Japan
o 3.1 Types of operators
3.1.1 JR
3.1.2 Major private railways
o 3.1 Railway and tram
o 3.2 Cateories of railway
! Common features of Japanese railways
o !.1 "lectrification
o !.2 #oadin aue
o !.3 Tic$ets% fare and surc&ares
o !.! Types and names of trains
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Overviewhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Classifications_of_rail_transport_in_Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Types_of_operatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#JRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Major_private_railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Railway_and_tramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Categories_of_railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Common_features_of_Japanese_railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Electrificationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Loading_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Tickets.2C_fare_and_surchargeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Types_and_names_of_trainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Classifications_of_rail_transport_in_Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Types_of_operatorshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#JRhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Major_private_railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Railway_and_tramhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Categories_of_railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Common_features_of_Japanese_railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Electrificationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Loading_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Tickets.2C_fare_and_surchargeshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Types_and_names_of_trainshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Overview -
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o !.' Railway lines
' (u)ways and li&t rail transit
* Rail transport in Japanese culture
+ ,urt&er readin
References
INTRODUCTION
T&eShinkansenis a networ$ of &i&-speed railwaylines
in Japanoperated )y five Japan Railways roupcompanies. (tartin
wit& t&e T/$aid/ (&in$ansen0'1'.! $m% 32.3 mi in 1*!% t&e networ$
&as e4panded to currently consist of 2%+*!.* $m 01%+1+.5 mi of lines
wit& ma4imum speeds of 2!632 $m7& 01'62 mp&% 253.' $m
01+*.2 mi of Mini-s&in$ansenlines wit& a ma4imum speed of 13 $m7&
05 mp&% and 1.3 $m 0*.! mi of spur lines wit& (&in$ansen
services. T&e networ$ presently lin$s most major cities on t&e islands
of Hons&uand 8yus&u% and Ha$odate on nort&ern island of Ho$$aido%
wit& an e4tension to (apporo under construction and sc&eduled to
commence in Marc& 231. T&e nic$name bullet trainis sometimes used
in "nlis& for t&ese &i&-speed trains.
T&e oriinal T/$aid/ (&in$ansen% connectin t&e larest cities
of To$yoand 9sa$a% is t&e world:s )usiest &i&-speed rail line. Carryin
1'1 million passeners per year 0Marc& 25% and at over ' )illion total
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Railway_lineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Subways_and_light_rail_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Rail_transport_in_Japanese_culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Railways_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honshuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaidohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osakahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Railway_lineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Subways_and_light_rail_transithttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Rail_transport_in_Japanese_culturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Japan#Further_readinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Railways_Grouphttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honshuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushuhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaidohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osaka -
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passeners it &as transported more passeners t&an any ot&er &i&-speed
line in t&e world. T&e service on t&e line operates muc& larer trains and
at &i&er fre;uency t&an most ot&er &i& speed lines in t&e world.
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countries w&ere t&e e4istin standard aueor)road auerail system
&ad more uprade potential.
eijin 0t&rou& a tunnel to 8orea and even (inapore% and )uild
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideo_Shimahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinji_Sog%C5%8Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_Technology_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_Technology_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimonosekihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Undersea_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singaporehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broad_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hideo_Shimahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinji_Sog%C5%8Dhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_National_Railwayshttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_Technology_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Railway_Technology_Research_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_IIhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimonosekihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Undersea_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore -
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connections to t&e Trans-(i)erian Railwayand ot&er trun$ lines in y t&e mid-1's t&e T/$aid/ #ine was
operatin at full capacity% and t&e Ministry of Railways decided to revisitt&e (&in$ansen project. In 1'+% 9da$yu "lectric Railwayintroduced
its 3 series ("Romancecartrain% settin a world speed record of
1!' $m7& 0 mp& for a narrow aue train. T&is train ave desiners
t&e confidence t&at t&ey could safely )uild an even faster standard aue
train. T&us t&e first (&in$ansen% t&e series% was )uilt on t&e success of
t&e Romancecar.
< test facility for rollin stoc$% now part of t&e line% opened
in 9dawarain 1*2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Main_Linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odakyu_Electric_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odakyu_3000_series_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romancecarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odawara,_Kanagawahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans-Siberian_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dkaid%C5%8D_Main_Linehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odakyu_Electric_Railwayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odakyu_3000_series_SEhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romancecarhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odawara,_Kanagawa -
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trains% wit& t&eir classic )ullet-nosed appearance% were retired on 3
=ovem)er 25. < drivin car from one of t&e series trains was
donated )y JR @est to t&e=ational Railway Museumin Bor$% "nland
in 21.
NETWORK EXPANSION
T&e T/$aid/ (&in$ansen:s rapid success prompted an e4tension
westward to 9$ayama% Hiros&imaand ,u$uo$a0t&e (any/ (&in$ansen%
w&ic& was completed in 1+'. ?rime Minister 8a$uei Tana$awas an
ardent supporter of t&e (&in$ansen% and &is overnment proposed an
e4tensive networ$ parallelin most e4istin trun$ lines. Two new lines%
t&e T/&o$u (&in$ansenand J/etsu (&in$ansen% were )uilt followin t&is
plan. Many ot&er planned lines were delayed or scrapped entirely
as J=Rslid into de)t t&rou&out t&e late 1+s% larely )ecause of t&e
&i& cost of )uildin t&e (&in$ansen networ$. >y t&e early 15s% t&ecompany was practically insolvent% leadin to its privatiation in 15+.
(ince 1+% development &as also )een underway for t&e C&D/
(&in$ansen% a planned malevline from To$yo to 9sa$a. 9n 21
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influenced ot&er railways in t&e world and t&e importance and advantae
of &i&-speed rail&as conse;uently )een reevaluated.
ROUTING
(&in$ansen routes are completely separate from conventional rail lines
0e4cept Mini-s&in$ansenw&ic& oes t&rou& to conventional lines.
Conse;uently% t&e s&in$ansen is not affected )y slower local or frei&t
trains% and &as t&e capacity to operate many &i&-speed trains
punctually. T&e lines &ave )een )uilt wit&out road crossins at rade.
Trac$s are strictly off-limits wit& penalties aainst trespassin strictly
reulated )y law. It uses tunnels and viaductsto o t&rou& and over
o)stacles rat&er t&an around t&em% wit& a minimum curve radius of
!% meters 02%' meters on t&e oldest T/$aid/ (&in$ansen.
TRACK
(&in$ansen standard auetrac$% wit& welded rails to reduce vi)ration
T&e (&in$ansen uses 1%!3' mm 0! ft 5 1E2in standard auein contrast
to t&e 1%*+ mm 03 ft * in narrow aue of older lines.Continuous
welded railand swinnose crossinpoints are employed% eliminatin
aps at turnouts and crossins. #on rails are used% joined )y e4pansion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_crossinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaducthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_welded_rail#Continuous_welded_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_welded_rail#Continuous_welded_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swingnose_crossinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_crossinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viaducthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_welded_rail#Continuous_welded_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_welded_rail#Continuous_welded_railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swingnose_crossing -
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joints to minimie aue fluctuation due to t&ermal elonation and
s&rin$ae.
< com)ination of)allastedand sla) trac$are used% wit& sla) trac$
e4clusively employed on concrete )ed sections suc& as viaducts and
tunnels. (la) trac$ is sinificantly more cost-effective in tunnel sections%
since t&e lower trac$ &ei&t reduces t&e cross-sectional area of t&e
tunnel% t&ere)y reducin construction costs )y up to 3F.G1'However%
t&e smaller diameter of (&in$ansen tunnels compared to some ot&er
&i&-speed lines &as resulted in t&e issue of tunnel )oom)ecomin a
concern for residents livin close to tunnel portals.
SIGNAL SYSTEM
T&e (&in$ansen employs an
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railway manufacturers were traditionally reluctant% or una)le to use
distri)uted traction confiurations 0e.. Taloutilised
t&elocomotiveconfiuration wit& t&e
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were no casualties amon t&e 1'! passeners. eltmealopolis% met two primary oalsK
However% t&e initial (&in$ansen prudence ave way to political
considerations to e4tend t&e mode to far less populated reions of t&e
country% partly to spread t&ese )enefits )eyond t&e $ey centres
of 8antoand 8in$i. In some areas reional e4tension was frustrated )y
protracted land ac;uisition issues% sometimes influenced )y fierce
protests from locals aainst e4pandin=arita airport:s runways to &andle
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akita_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisen,_Akitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisen,_Akitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiheiy%C5%8D_Belthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narita_airporthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akita_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisen,_Akitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisen,_Akitahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_securityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiheiy%C5%8D_Belthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megalopolis_(city_type)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kantohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinkihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narita_airport -
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more traffic t&at e4tended well into t&e 2s. To$yo:s airports were
already at or near capacity and t&ere was no room for anot&er civilian
airport iven t&e eorap&y and re;uired ( military presence.
(&in$ansen lines were e4tended to sparsely populated areas wit& t&e
intent t&e networ$ would disperse t&e population away from t&e capital.
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operational noise% particularly t&e tunnel )oomp&enomenon caused
w&en trains transit tunnels at &i& speed.
EARTH!UAKE
>ecause of t&e ris$ of eart&;ua$es% t&e rent "art&;ua$e etection and
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FUTURE
Construction of Ho$uri$u (&in$ansenin ,u$ui
S"ee# in$rea%e%
TOHOKU SHINKANSEN
"' seriestrains% capa)le of up to 32 $m7& 02 mp& 0initially limited
to 3 $m7&% were introduced on t&e T/&o$u (&in$ansenin Marc&
211. 9peration at t&e ma4imum speed of 32 $m7&
)etween tsunomiyaand Morio$aon t&is route commenced on 1*Marc& 213% and reduced t&e journey time to around 3 &ours for trains
from To$yo to (&in-
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ecause
of t&is and ot&er weat&er-related factors cited )y JR "ast and JR
Ho$$aido% t&e fastest journey time )etween To$yo and (&in-Ha$odate-
Ho$uto is currently ! &ours% 2 minutes. T&e new section ta$es *1
minutes from (&in-y 215% it is proposed to allow one (&in$ansen service eac& day to
travel at 2* $m7& 01* mp& 0t&e ma4imum speed proposed for t&e
tunnel )y ensurin no frei&t trains are sc&eduled to travel on t&e dual
aue section at t&at time. To ac&ieve t&e full )enefit of (&in$ansen
trains travellin on t&e dual aue section at 2* $m7& 01* mp&% ot&er
alternatives are )ein considered% suc& as a system to automatically slow
(&in$ansen trains down to 2 $m7& 012' mp& w&en passin narrow-
aue trains% and loadin frei&t trains onto special NTrain on TrainN
standard-aue trains 0a$in to a covered piy)ac$ flatcar train )uilt to
wit&stand t&e s&oc$ waveof oncomin (&in$ansen trains travelin at
full speed. T&is would ena)le a travel time from To$yo to (&in-
Ha$odate-Ho$uto of 3 &ours and !' minutes% a savin of 1+ minutes on
t&e current timeta)le.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikan_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikan_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-asahi120415-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_on_Trainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_wavehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_gaugehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikan_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seikan_Tunnelhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-asahi120415-31https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train_on_Trainhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_wave -
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HOKURIKU EXTENSION
T&e Ho$uri$u (&in$ansenis )ein e4tended from 8anaawa to Tsurua
0proposed for completion )y 223 at an estimated cost of 3.! trillion
yen 0in 212 currency. T&ere are furt&er plans to e4tend t&e line from
Tsurua to 9sa$a% and t&ere are currently four routes under
consideration% plus a fift& proposal )y a local politician. 9n 1 Marc&
21*% a overnment committee investiatin t&e options decided to
narrow down t&e five routes to t&e t&ree to 8yoto% i.e. t&e 8osei route%
t&e second 9)ama route and t&e Maiuru route.
THE OBAMA ROUTE
T&rou& ,u$ui prefectureto 9)amaand t&en sout& to 9sa$a% )ypassin
8yoto.
T&is option is favoured naturally )y t&e ,u$ui overnment and it:s
overnor. 9sa$a to Tsurua on t&is proposed route would ta$e 33
minutes. T&e 123 $m route is t&e most e4pensive option at L' )illion%
wit& an averae daily riders&ip of 2*% passeners.
The Kosei or Western Lake Route
,ollowin t&e western s&oreline of #a$e >iwato 8yoto.
9sa$a to Tsurua on t&is proposed route would ta$e 3' minutes. T&e
51 $m route is costed at L++ )illion% wit& an averae daily riders&ip of
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukui_prefecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama,_Fukuihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Biwahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fukui_prefecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama,_Fukuihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Biwa -
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31% passeners. T&is route may re;uire transfer to t&e conested
To$aido line at 8yoto.
The Maibara Route
(&ortest option t&rou& (&iaprefecture to terminate at Mai)ara%
re;uirin transfer to To$aido #ine.
9sa$a to Tsurua on t&is proposed route would ta$e !' minutes% due to
need to transfer trains. T&e !! $m route is t&e c&eapest option at L''
)illion% wit& an averae daily riders&ip of 33% passeners. 9riinally
supported )y several 8ansai overnments in 213 )ecause it was t&e
simplest and c&eapest option% t&is route &as )ecome unpopular due to t&e
need to transfer onto t&e conested To$aido (&in$ansen.
Second Obama Route
=ew option put forward )y JR @est - Tsurua to 9)ama and t&en sout&
to 8yoto.
9sa$a to Tsurua on t&is proposed route &as not )een calculated yet for
travel times% passener demand or construction costs. T&is route may
re;uire transfer to t&e conested To$aido line at 8yoto.
The Maizuru Route
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maibarahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maibara -
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8yoto politician% (&oji =is&ida:s proposal from Tsurua% via 9)ama% to
Maiuru t&en sout&-east to 8yoto% eastern 9sa$a and 8ansai ase and several nuclear power
stations put forward as reasona)le traffic enerators. T&e option to
e4tend t&e line sout& of 8yoto to a new 9sa$a station 0located to t&e
sout& east of 9sa$a and onwards to 8ansai International
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appro4imately +*F in tunnels% includin major tunnels suc& as 9s&ima
0O2*.' $m% Teine 0O15.5 $m and (&iri)es&i 0O15 $m.
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travel time from (&inaawa to (&in-9sa$a is 1 &our + minutes.
Currently t&e To$aido (&in$ansen &as a minimum connection time of 2
&ours 1 minutes.
T&e route for t&e =aoya to 9sa$a section is also contested. It is planned
to o via=ara% a)out ! $m sout& of 8yoto. 8yoto is lo))yin to &ave
t&e route moved nort& and )e larely alined wit& t&e e4istin To$aido
(&in$ansen% w&ic& services 8yoto and not =ara.
MINI.SHINKANSEN
Mini-s&in$ansen is t&e name iven to t&e routes w&ere former narrow
aue lines &ave )een converted to standard aue to allow (&in$ansen
trains to travel to cities wit&out t&e e4pense of constructin full
(&in$ansen standard lines.
Two mini-s&in$ansen routes &ave )een constructedK t&e Bamaata(&in$ansenand
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T&e ma4imum speed on t&ese lines is 13 $m7&% &owever t&e overall
travel time to7from To$yo is improved due to t&e elimination of t&e need
for passeners to c&ane trains at,u$us&imaand Morio$arespectively.
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are operated )y different companies. T&e To$aido (&in$ansen is not
p&ysically connected to t&e lines of t&e To&o$u (&in$ansen at To$yo
(tation. T&erefore% t&ere is no t&rou& service )etween t&ose lines.
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In addition% t&e >asic ?lan specified t&at t&e J/etsu (&in$ansen s&ould
start from (&inju$u% not To$yo (tation% w&ic& would &ave re;uired
)uildin an additional 3 $m of trac$ )etween (&inju$u and Pmiya.
@&ile no construction wor$ was ever started% land alon t&e proposed
trac$% includin an underround section leadin to (&inju$u (tation%
remains reserved. If capacity on t&e current To$yo6Pmiya section
proves insufficient% at some point% construction of t&e (&inju$u6Pmiya
lin$ may )e reconsidered.
T&e=arita (&in$ansenproject to connect To$yo to=arita International
asic ?lan
overnin (&in$ansen construction. ?arts of its planned ri&t-of-way
were utilied )y t&e=arita ($y
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(1*
'
1"
'(1 1i
8yus&u(&in$ansen0@est
8yus&u Route
2* 1* **.+ !1.! 2 ,B222
Ho$uri$u
(&in$ansen?&as
e 3 08anaawa 6
Tsurua
2* 1*12.
++'. 212 ,B223
Ho$$aido
(&in$ansen?&as
e 2 0(&in-
Ha$odate-Ho$uto
6 (apporo
2* 1*211.
3
131.
3
212 ,B23
LIST OF TRAIN MODELS
Trains are up to si4teen cars lon. @it& eac& car measurin 2' m 052 ft
in lent&% t&e lonest trains are ! m 017! mile end to end. (tations are
similarly lon to accommodate t&ese trains. (ome of Japan:s &i&-speed
malev trains are considered (&in$ansen%G!'w&ile ot&er slower malev
trains 0suc& as t&e #inimomalev train line servin local community
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linimohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyushu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokkaido_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-45https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linimo -
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near t&e city of=aoyain
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1 seriesK "ntered service in 15'% and featured)ilevel carswit&
restaurant car and compartments. Ma4imum operatin speed was
23 $m7& 01!' mp&. #ater used only on (anyo
(&in$ansenKodamaservices. @it&drawn in Marc& 212.
3 seriesK "ntered service in 12% initially onNozomiservices
wit& ma4imum operatin speed of 2+ $m7& 01+ mp&. @it&drawn
in Marc& 212.
' seriesK Introduced onNozomiservices in 1+% wit& an
operatin speed of 3 $m7& 015' mp&. (ince 25% sets &ave )een
s&ortened from 1* to 5 cars for use on (anyo
(&in$ansenKodamaservices.
KYUSHU SHINKANSEN
600 series: In serice since ,00$ )n Tsubameserices2
with a 'a&i'(' s*eed )7 ,#0 k'-h .!#0 '*h1%
=+-+75 seriesIn service since Marc& 211
onMizuhoand Sakuraservices wit& a ma4imum speed of 3 $m7&
015' mp&.
T)h)k(2 8)ets(2 and H)k(rik( Shinkansen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/800_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsubame_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N700_Series_Shinkansen#8-car_S_sets_.28N700-7000_series.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuho_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakura_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/300_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/500_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/800_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsubame_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N700_Series_Shinkansen#8-car_S_sets_.28N700-7000_series.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mizuho_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakura_(train) -
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"' series
2 seriesK T&e first type introduced on t&e To&o$uand Joetsu
(&in$ansenin 152 and wit&drawn in Marc& 213. Ma4imum speed
was 2! $m7& 01' mp&. T&e final confiuration was as 1-car sets.
12-car and 1*-car sets also operated at earlier times. @it&drawn in
213.
"1 seriesK >ilevel12-car trains introduced in 1! and wit&drawn
in (eptem)er 212. Ma4imum speed was 2! $m7& 01' mp&.
"2 seriesK 571-car sets in service since 1+ wit& a ma4imum
speed of 2+' $m7& 01+ mp&.
"! seriesK >ilevel5-car trains in service since 1+ wit& a
ma4imum speed of 2! $m7& 01' mp&.
"' seriesK 1-car sets in service since Marc& 211 wit& a ma4imumspeed of 32 $m7& 02 mp&.
"+ seriesK 12-car trains operated on t&e Ho$uri$u (&in$ansensince
Marc& 21!% wit& a ma4imum speed of 2* $m7& 01* mp&.G!*
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E5_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joetsu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joetsu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E4_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E5_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-jreast20120904-46https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E5_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/200_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8Dhoku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joetsu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joetsu_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E1_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E4_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilevel_carhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E5_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E7_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokuriku_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-jreast20120904-46 -
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@+ seriesK 12-car trains operated on t&e Ho$uri$u (&in$ansen
since Marc& 21'% wit& a ma4imum speed of 2* $m7& 01* mp&.G!*
YAMA9ATA AND AKITA SHINKANSEN
"* seriesand "3 series
! seriesK T&e first Mini-s&in$ansentype% introduced in 12
on Bamaata (&in$ansenTsubasaservices wit& a ma4imum speed of
2! $m7&. @it&drawn in
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H series: !0car sets entered serice 7r)' March ,0!#
)n the H)kkaid) Shinkansenwith a 'a&i'(' s*eed )7
/,0 k'-h .,00 '*h1%
Taiwan Hi+h S*eed Rai4
+T series0Taiwan Hi& (peed Rail% a.k.a. Taiwan ShinkansenK
T&e first (&in$ansen type e4ported outside Japan. 12-car trains )ased
on + seriesentered service in 2+% wit& a ma4imum speed of
3 $m7& 01 mp&.
EXPERIMENTAL TRAINS
Cla%% 23334 2562
Class '16 1*
Class *16 1+3
Class *26 1+
'- series N@I=3'N6 12
Class '27'3 N(T
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Class "'' N,astec& 3*N6 2'
Ma+le0 train%
M#Q1at Bamanas&itest trac$% =ovem)er 2'
#(M2 6 1+2
M#1 6 1+2
M#1< 6 1+'
M#-' 6 1++
M#-'R 6 1+
M#1 6 151
M#2 6 15+
M#2= 6 13
M#Q1 6 1*
# series6 212
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastech_360#Class_E955_Fastech_360Zhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCMaglevhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0_serieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastech_360#Class_E955_Fastech_360Zhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCMaglevhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamanashi_Prefecturehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0_series -
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MAINTENANCE EHICLES
11 Type diesel locomotive
12 Type diesel locomotive
15 Type diesel locomotive
1 Type diesel locomotive
!1 Type 0rescue train
21 Type 0trac$ inspection car
22 Type 0Doctor ellowsets T1% T2% T3
23 Type 0Doctor ellowsets T!% T'
2' Type 0Doctor ellowsets (1% (2
"2* Type 0!ast i
LIST OF TYPES OF SERICES
To$yo (tation To$aido (&in$ansen platforms% July 2'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Yellowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Yellow#For_T.C5.8Dhoku.2C_J.C5.8Detsu.2C_Nagano.2C_Yamagata_.26_Akita_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locomotivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Yellowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Yellow#For_T.C5.8Dhoku.2C_J.C5.8Detsu.2C_Nagano.2C_Yamagata_.26_Akita_Shinkansen -
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T&e (&in$ansen fare system is interated wit& Japan:s low-speed
intercity railway lines% )ut a surc&are is re;uired to ride t&e (&in$ansen.
Here% an ordinary tic$et from To$yotoTa$amatsuis coupled wit& a
(&in$ansen surc&are tic$et from To$yo to 9$ayama% allowin use of
t&e (&in$ansen from To$yo to 9$ayama and use of local lines from
9$ayama to Ta$amatsu. ,or trips e4clusively on one (&in$ansen% t&e
ordinary fare and (&in$ansen surc&are may )e com)ined on one tic$et.
9riinally intended to carry passener and frei&t trains )y day and
ni&t% t&e (&in$ansen lines carry only passener trains. T&e system s&uts
down )etween midni&t and *K every day for maintenance. T&e few
overni&t trains t&at still run in Japan run on t&e older narrow aue
networ$ t&at t&e (&in$ansen parallels.
T7(ai#7 San87 an# K8u%'u S'in(an%en
Nozomi,/a%t9 T&(ai#& an# San8&-
"ikari0semi-fast%To$aido and (anyo
"ikari Rail Star0semi fast% (anyo
Kodama0local%To$aido and (anyo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takamatsu_Station_(Kagawa)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okayama_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takamatsu_Station_(Kagawa)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okayama_Stationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozomi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikari_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama_(train) -
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Sakura0semi-fast% (anyo and 8yus&u
Mizuho0fast% (anyo and 8yus&u
Tsubame0local% 8yus&u
T7'&(u9 H&((ai#&9 Ya1a+ata an# A(ita S'in(an%en
Hayabusa,/a%t9 T&'&(u : H&((ai#&9 u%in+ E; %erie%*H;
%erie%train%-
"ayate0fast% To&o$u S Ho$$aido
amabiko0semi-fast% To&o$u
Nasuno0all-stations% To&o$u
#oba0discontinued
Komachi0
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H&(uri(u S'in(an%en
Kagayaki
"akutaka
Tsurugi
#sama
MAGLE TRAINS
# (eries (&in$ansen% unconventional world speed record &older
0*3 $m7& or 3+!.+ mp&
COMPETITION WITH AIR
Compared wit& air transport% t&e (&in$ansen &as several advantaes%
includin sc&edulin fre;uency and fle4i)ility% punctual operation%
comforta)le seats% and convenient city-center terminals.
(&in$ansen fares are enerally competitive wit& domestic air fares.
,rom a speed and convenience perspective% t&e (&in$ansen:s mar$et
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagayakihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakutaka_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsurugi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asama_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagayakihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakutaka_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsurugi_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asama_(train)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L0_Series_Shinkansen -
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s&are &as surpassed t&at of air travel for journeys of less t&an +' $m%
w&ile air and rail remain &i&ly competitive wit& eac& ot&er in t&e 56
$m rane and air &as a &i&er mar$et s&are for journeys of more
t&an 1% $m.
To$yo 6 =aoya 03!2 $m% To$yo 6 (endai 032' $m% To$yo
6 Hanama$i0Morio$a 0!* $m% To$yo 6 =iiata 03 $mK T&ere were
air services )etween t&ese cities% )ut t&ey were wit&drawn after
(&in$ansen services started. (&in$ansen runs )etween t&ese cities in
a)out two &ours or less.
To$yo 6 9sa$a 0'1' $mK (&in$ansen is dominant )ecause of fast
02 &ours 3 minutes and fre;uent service 0up to every 1 minutes
)yNozomiA &owever% air travel &as a certain s&are 0O263F.
To$yo 6 9$ayama 0*+* $m% To$yo 6 Hiros&ima 0521 $mK
(&in$ansen is reported to &ave increased its mar$et s&are from O!F
to O*F over t&e last decade. T&e (&in$ansen ta$es a)out t&ree to
four &ours and t&ere areNozomitrains every 3 minutes% )ut airlines
may provide c&eaper fares% attractin price-conscious passeners.
To$yo 6 ,u$uo$a 01%* $mK T&e (&in$ansen ta$es a)out five
&ours on t&e fastestNozomi% and discount carriers &ave made air
travel far c&eaper% so most people c&oose air.
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(u)way#ine 1connects t&e
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Class 3' in t&e nited 8indom% (eptem)er 2
Railways usin (&in$ansen tec&noloy are not limited to t&ose in Japan.
E)i%tin+
Taiwan
Taiwan Hi& (peed Railoperates +T (eriessets )uilt )y 8awasa$i
Heavy Industries.
;hina
T&e C&ina Railways CRH2% )uilt )y C(R (ifan #oco S Rollin stoc$s
corporation% wit& t&e license purc&ased from a consortium formed of
8awasa$i Heavy Industries% Mitsu)is&i "lectric Corporation%
and Hitac&i% is )ased on t&e "2-1 seriesdesin.
United Kin+d)'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700T_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Railways_CRH2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2_Series_Shinkansen#10-car_J50_sets_.28-1000_sub-series.29https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_High_Speed_Railhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/700T_Series_Shinkansenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawasaki_Heavy_Industrieshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_Railways_CRH2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishi_Electric_Corporationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachihttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E2_Series_Shinkansen#10-car_J50_sets_.28-1000_sub-series.29 -
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Class 3'"Ms were )uilt )y Hitac&i )ased on (&in$ansen tec&noloy
for use on &i&-speed commuter services in >ritain on t&e Hi& (peed
1line.
Un#er $&ntra$t
India
In ecem)er 21'% India and Japan sined an areement for t&e
construction of India:s first &i& speed rail lin$ connectin Mum)ai to
anerjeeon 15
ecem)er 2G'*envisaes t&e implementation of reional &i&-speed
rail projects to provide services at 2'63' $m7&.
urin Indian ?rime Minister Manmo&an (in&:s visit to To$yo in
ecem)er 2*% Japan assured cooperation wit& India in creatin a &i&-
speed lin$ )etween =ew el&i and Mum)ai. In January 2% t&e t&en
Railway Minister #alu ?rasadrode a )ullet train travellin from To$yo
to 8yoto.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_395https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_Freight_Corridor_Corporation_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Minister_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamata_Banerjeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadavhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Rail_Class_395https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Ahmedabad_high-speed_rail_corridorhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedicated_Freight_Corridor_Corporation_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Railways_(India)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_Minister_of_Indiahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamata_Banerjeehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen#cite_note-56https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manmohan_Singhhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav -
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In ecem)er 213 a Japanese consortium was appointed to underta$e a
feasi)ility study of a O' $m &i&-speed line
)etween Mum)aiand
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REFERENCES
&ttpK77www .en.wi$ipedia.or
&ttpK77www .oole.com
&ttpK77www.acprail.com7
www.japan-uide.com
http://www.acprail.com/http://www.acprail.com/