Buildings as an urban mine The case study of Vienna

Fritz Kleemann

Research Center of Waste and Resource Management

CD Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources

Mining the Technosphere 2015

1-2 October 2015,Vienna

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Background

- Buildings greatly contribute to the material turnover and accumulation within

urban systems

- About 22% of waste flows nationwide (Austria) are related to construction and

demolition activities(excavation material excluded)

- High potential to save landfill space and primary resources through recycling

- Knowledge about material flows in this system is limited

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Objective

- Analyze the building stock in Vienna and its potential for urban mining

- Generate specific material values for different building categories

- Analyze the building structure

- Estimate the material output from demolition activities

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Procedure

Building stock Urban mine

1. Material composition of

buildings

2. Demolition activity

3. Demolition Waste (Q&Q)

4. Available technologies

(e.g. dismantling, separation)

© Nemetz AG

Reserves Minable secondary resources

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Material composition of buildings I

- Investigation of the material composition of buildings prior demolition

- Generation specific material values for different building categories

- Comparison with official reports on waste disposed

Kleemann et al. (2014) Building Research and Information

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Material composition of buildings II

- Different reasons for discrepancies

- Estimation of waste flows not possible based on this data!

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Material composition of buildings III

- Files of demolished buildings

- Collection from municipal building authorities

- Analysis of material composition

- Main materials (walls, ceilings, roofs, …)

- Data for new buildings & Literature

- Available LCA Data for new buildings in Vienna

- Data from developers (tender documents, final bills)

- Literature

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- Buildings differentiated by

- Construction period

- Utilization

- GIS data

- Different source within the municipality

- Spatial joining to get the relevant information on a building level

Building structure

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Combination of data

Area & height of buildings

Utilization & construction period of buildings

Case studies - analysis of documents - on-site investigation

Demolished buildings - analysis of construction plans

Literature

New buildings - final bills - LCA Data - construction plans

Information about the building structure (GIS - geographical information system)

Information about the material composition of different building categories

Period of

construction

Utilization Mineral

materials

Organic

materials

Metals Total

-1918

residential 380 17 3 400

commercial 360 3 3 366

industrial 270 5 7 282

1919-1945

residential 450 11 6 467

commercial 270 7 6 283

industrial 320 30 3 353

1946-1976

residential 420 5 10 435

commercial 350 6 6 362

industrial 340 - 13 353

1977-1996

residential 430 7 12 449

commercial 380 1 13 394

industrial 170 - 15 185

1997-

residential 450 5 13 468

commercial 320 6 10 336

industrial - - - -

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Material stock

385.000.000 [t]

210 [t] pp

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Resource cadastre

- Resource cadastre

- Gives information about the total material stock in buildings

- Combined with data about the demolition activity, current and future

waste streams can be estimated

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Demolition activity I

- Data from the building authority

- Address of building

- notification present

- Own observations to cross check if all buildings are notified

- Data from surveying

- Wrecking companies (data quality?)

- Recyclers

- Landfill operators

- Data from remote sensing

- Image matching

- Compare height models of building stock based on yearly orthophotos

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Demolition activity II

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Demolition activity II

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Demolition activity II

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Demolition activity II

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Conclusion & Outlook

- Material composition of different building categories

- Quality of Materials

- Spatial distribution of Materials

- Possibility to generate reference values for single buildings being demolished

- Information about appearing waste flows on a municipal level (Vienna)

- Evaluation of available technologies

Contact: Fritz Kleemann

PhD-Candidate

+43 1 58801 22652

fritz.kleemann@tuwien.ac.at

http://iwr.tuwien.ac.at/anthropogene-ressourcen

Thank you!