Submitted To :

MR. PARVEEN

KUMAR

Submitted By:

VIKRANTI SAXENA (027)

ANKITA SRIVASTAVA (073)

ANVITA MISHRA (074)

1. INTRODUCTION2. ONE WORD SUBSTITUTION3. SYNONYMS4. ANTONYMS5. IDIOMS6. PHRASES

INTRODUCTION

Building One’s Vocabulary

Benefits :

o Enhances the ability to communicate effectively

o Causes better understanding

o Make us more informed and involved

o Strengthens the ability to grasp ideas

o Establishes thoughts more logically and incisively

o Boosts the powers of persuasion

o Makes effective first impressions

1. One Word Substitution

o Replaces a phrase or a clause without creating any ambiguity in their meaning

o Essential part of one’s vocabulary

o Hold importance in writing and speaking precisely

o Makes the language

* more flowery

* more comprehendible

o Proves handy in business communication involving limitation of time and space

Some examples :-

One who looks at the brighter side of things Optimist

One who loves mankind Philanthropist

One who is present everywhere Omnipresent

One who copies from other writers Plagiarist

One who cannot be corrected Incorrigible

One who believes in God Theist

Celebration of a hundredth year Centenary

A speech delivered without any prior

preparation Extempore

A thing no longer in use Obsolete

A letter, poem etc. whose author is unknown Anonymous

2. Synonyms

o Words with the same or similar meaning of

another word.

o Also known as METONYM and

POECILONYM.

o Words that are synonyms are said to be

SYNONYMOUS.

o The state of being a synonym is called

SYNONYMY.

o Comes from the ancient Greek word syn

(“with”) and onoma (“name”).

o Can be any part of speech.

o Both words must be same part of speech.

Some examples :-

o Verb

* Buy and Purchase

oAdjective

* Big and Large

oAdverb

* Quickly and Speedily

o Prepositions

* On and Upon

3. Antonyms

o Words having opposite meaning to other words.

o Refers to the word that is completely different from

another one.

o Also called as opposites.

o Comes from the ancient Greek word anti (“opposite”)

and onoma (“name”).

Categories of Antonyms :

Graded antonyms : Words deal with the levels of the meaning of the words.

E.g. – Fat and Skinny

Young and Old

Complementary antonyms : Words have no middle ground.

E.g. – Push and Pull

Pass and Fail

Relational antonyms : Words exist in pair.

E.g. – Doctor and Patient

Above and Below

4. What are Idioms ?

A phrase where the words together have a meaning that

is different from the dictionary definitions of the

individual words. It is figurative and not literal.

LITERAL – Used in formal spoken English implying

the dictionary meaning.

FIGURATIVE – An informal speech providing an

imagery. Their origination in different languages is

culture based.

Idioms1. Cut corners

2. The last straw

3. A storm in a teacup

4. Throw caution to the wind

5. Sit on the fence

6. Miss the boat

7. Cost an arm and a leg

8. In the soup

9. To make a beeline for something

10. Feeling a bit under the weather

11. The gift of gab

12. Let the cat of the bag

13. For a rainy day

14. A different kettle of fish

15. A finger in every pie

16. To fly off the handle

17. Full of beans

18. A cock and bull story

19. Blood curdling

20. Throw in the towel

Something done badly to save money

The last of a series of disappointments

A fuss about something insignificant

To take a risk

Not wanting to make a decision

Missing a chance

To be very expensive

In trouble

To go straight to it (kitchen for example)

Feeling ill

A talent for talking persuasively

Reveal a secret

For difficult situation

To be a different person

Involvement in every situation

To become very angry

Lively and cheerful

Unbelievable story

Horrifying

To give up something

Meanings

List of Examples :

5. What are Phrases ?

o A combination of words (expression) that is used like a

verb and consist of an verb and adverb or preposition.

o In many cases the meaning of phrase is self evident.

E.g. –

“go in” ; “run away with” ; “fall off”

o Sometimes phrasal verbs are idiomatic i.e. the literal

meaning is not applicable.

E.g. –

“to put up with” is to tolerate ;

“to butter up” is to flatter

Phrases are explained with some examples and their usage :-

o She knew she was wrong but she just wouldn’t back down (to abandon

your claim, demands, opinions);

If you back somebody up you giving them support;

Backing up data means having a copy of it somewhere else.

o To get carried off is to lose control of their emotions;

To carry off a prize is to win it.

o To do away with something is to abolish it;

To do up laces, buttons etc. is to fasten them;

To do up a room is to redecorate it.

o To draw back from something is to decide against it at the last moment;

If you are encouraging a person to talk then you are drawing them out;

When nights are drawing in it means they are getting shorter.

o To stand by someone is to support them in case of difficult situation; If someone

stands by while something bad is happening the are not taking any action;

To take a stand for a cause is to make your opinion clear about it;

To stand in for someone is to fill in their place when they are unavailable;

To stand out is to be noticeable.

o To take after someone is to resemble them;

To take down a building you demolish it;

To take someone in is to fool them or deceive them;

To take something over is to assume control;

To take to someone or something you become fond of them or it.

o To work off something unwanted is to get rid of them;

To work on someone is to try to influence them;

To work something out is to calculate it;

To work up an appetite is to create or stimulate it.

o Look down on is to despise someone;

Look forward to something is to anticipate the event;

Look up to someone is to respect them.

THANK YOU