BUILDING TECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS

Professor: Arch. Arnel Ramos

(M-W-F) Feb. 24-Mar. 17, 2006 (10%)

Kinds/Forms Water Distribution System

Up feed – main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – fixtures (as long as there is normal pressure coming from the main water line)

Down feed - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – storage tank – gravity – fixtures

- tank is placed 10 ft. above the highest fixture

Pneumatic - main (Maynilad/Manila Water) – Cistern – pump – pressure tank – pressure – fixtures

- up to 23 stories only (water zoning – 23 stories)

- 46 stories – 2 pumps and 2 water tanks

Standard slope of pipes:

Drainage – 1%

Sewer – 2%

Architecture – the art and science of designing and constructing satisfying the four factors.

Four factors of designing Commercial Institutional

1. Function 4 2 2. Economy 2 4 3. Aesthetic 1 3 4. Structures 3 1

Difference between a Structure and a Building:

Structure – composed of building and plan

Building – enclosure

Plan – internal elements

Difference between a Storey and a Level:

Storey – super structure only

Level - super structure and sub-structure

Classification of Structures

Low-rise Structure – four storey and below

Medium-rise Structure – 5-8 stories (3M deep foundation)

High-rise Structure – 12 and above

Lay-outs and Excavation

Tools used for Lay-outing

1. Spirit level – “lebel” 1.20M max length 2. Plastic hose filled with water – leveling hose 3. Plum bulb – “hulog” 4. Tremie – funnel used when there is stagnant water in the excavated area

Concrete – mixture of cement, sand, gravel and water

Curing Period of Concrete

28 days – normal

21, 14, 7 days – ready-mixed concrete

1 day – removal of forms

Concrete Mixture

Class Mixture 40kg 50kg Sand Gravel

“AA” 1 * 1 ½ * 3 12 9.5 0.5 1.0

“A” 1 * 2 * 4 9 7 0.5 1.0

“B” 1 * 2 ½ * 5 7.5 6 0.5 1.0

“C” 1 * 3 * 6 6 5 0.5 1.0

PSI – Pounds per Square Inch

-       Strength of cement (cement and water ration provides the strength)

-       In traditional construction: max. of 3000 p.s.i. and 6.0M span

Elf – 2-3 cum. capacity

Dump truck – 8-10 cum. capacity

Forward – 14-20 cum. capacity

Bagger mixer – 28-30 rotations

Pre-Stress

-Method of Construction

Post-Tensioning – used tendons instead of top bars and bottom bars

- Not a pre-cast beam

- cast in place/site

Pre-Tensioning – Camber

- pre-cast

Windows

Oriel Window – with corbel

Bay Window – Floor is extended

Hopper Window – hinge is at the bottom, inward swing

CONSTRUCTION TERMS

Adobe Anchor – Llabe/liyabe

Astragal - Batidura (door stopper-strip)

Bath Tub – Banyera

Blue Torch – Suplete

Cabinet Hinge - Espolon

Cast Iron - Pundido

Cement Tiles – Baldosa

Conductor - Alulod

Door Hinge - Bisagra

Earth Fill - Eskombro

Electrician – Elektrista

Istuko - Palitada

Kitchen Sink – Prigadero

Morta Bond – Tile Adhesive (Pioneer Brand)

Mortar – Paupo

Nail ½” – Brad

Nail 6” – Spike

Pea Gravel – Grabita

Plum Bob - Hulog

Rabbit – Bashida

Ready Fix - Tile Adhesive (ABC Brand)

Riser – Takip-silipan

Scratch Coat - Rebukada

Spirit Level – Lebel

Wiring Knob – Poleya

Weans Coating – Asolehos

BUILDING MATERIALS

Wood

Classification

Soft Wood – Tanguile, Lawaan, Giho

Hard Wood – no flexibility

Properties

Hardness - compression strength of wood

Flexibility

Strength – based on its grid

Durability

Categories

Yard – trims and paneling (baseboards, etc.)

Shop – door jambs (sash works)

Structural

Definition

Strips - <1” (1” x 2”, 1” x 3”, 1” x 4”, etc.)

Board

Dimension – more than 1” (2” x 3”, 2” x 4”, 2” x 6”, etc.)

Timber – square (2” x 2”, 3” x 3”, 4” x 4”)

Log – biggest section

Seasoning – treatment applied to the wood

Air Drying – P40-60

S4S, S2S

Rough lumber (no treatment P23-30)

Kiln Drying – scientifically treated (P40-60)

Manufactured Board

Plywood

Soft Plywood – ¼”, ½”, ¾”, 1”

Hardwood Plywood – used for paneling (danarra wood)

Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted

* size of nails – 3x thickness of board

Hard Board – Lawanit (form works)

Particle Board – used for laminated cabinets

Ply Board – used in cabinets to be painted

Acoustical Ceiling System

Acoustic Board – 2’ x 2’ and 2’ x 4’

Wall Angle – installed in the perimeter of the wall

Main Tee – center line of room

Cross Tee

Trooper Type Lighting Fixture – lighting fixture used in acoustic ceiling

* Spacing of joist – 0.60M

Gypsum Board – no flexibility

Dry wall

Horizontal support – carrying channel

Vertical support – furring channel

* Spacing of studs – 61mm or 2’

Cement Board

Hardiflex – 10mm, 12mm, 16mm (2 hours fire proof)

 

Casein – glue for wood parquet

- Ingredients of milk

Paint

Reducers:

Latex – Water

Enamel – Paint Thinner

Lacquer - Lacquer Thinner

Applications of Paint:

Brush – 25% reducer

Roller – 50% reducer

Spray – 100% reducer

Black – add mixture