BuIldIng SuStAInABIlIty IndeX Ongoing Monitoring Program

BASIX05-08

BuIldIng SuStAInABIlIty IndeXOngoing Monitoring Program

Single Dwelling Outcomes

This is one of a series of BASIX outcomes monitoring reports;

Previously Published:

• 2004-2005 Outcomes (Single dwellings Sydney Region) BASIX Ongoing Monitoring Program

This Report:

• 2005-2008 Single Dwelling Outcomes

BASIX Ongoing Monitoring Program

To be Published:

• 2006-08 Multi Dwelling Outcomes BASIX Ongoing Monitoring Program

• 2006-08 Alterations and Additions Outcomes BASIX Ongoing Monitoring Program

www.basix.nsw.gov.auNSW Department of Planning

BASIX05-08

BuIldIng SuStAInABIlIty IndeXOngoing Monitoring Program

Single Dwelling Outcomes

“BASIX was a pioneering instrument that has stood the test of time and is even more relevant with our critical water and climate change challenges. It needs to keep pushing forwards and take even greater strides in making our homes more sustainable.”Jeff Angel, Executive Director Total Environment Centre

“When launched, BASIX was viewed as an innovative approach to sustainable planning. The outcomes presented in this review are testament to the value of BASIX and provide a world leading example of what can be achieved in the regulation of environmental impacts for residential development.”Ché Wall, Director Green Building Council of Australia

“BASIX in NSW is a path-breaking initiative, and this report demonstrates the change is real and the savings are being banked. The BASIX framework represents an important component of a sustainable urban future.”Professor Stuart White, Director Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney

iFOREWORD

foreword

I am pleased to present the first State-wide monitoring report on BASIX, the New South Wales Government’s online sustainability tool that mandates water and energy savings for residential development in NSW.

Since expanding to regional NSW in July 2005, BASIX single dwellings have saved 5.7 billion litres of water and 173 million kilograms of greenhouse gas emissions across the State.

BASIX is free and accessible to everyone, but is typically used by developers, architects, building designers and owner-builders of residential homes.

It continues to set the benchmark for achieving water and energy savings and is an excellent example of how sustainable homes can be built that are consistent with national objectives in sustainability and emissions reduction.

The Department of Planning continues to monitor BASIX, to assess the level of water and energy savings being achieved. The results of these studies will be used to ensure that BASIX delivers on its sustainability objectives. The BASIX tool will continue to be adapted to meet the changing needs of the community and to deliver the environmental results which the community expects.

I commend the ongoing success of BASIX and congratulate homeowners and those in the building industry who have embraced efforts to reduce water and energy consumption with such enthusiasm.

The Hon. Kristina Keneally MP NSW Minister for Planning.

contentsBASIX - Building Sustainability Index 3

Summary of findings 5

Introduction 15

Project details 23

Water 29

Energy 47

Thermal Comfort 69

Appendices 87

KEY POINT OF BASIX

Mandates water and energy savings for all new residential construction in NSW.

Assesses three essential components of sustainable building design – water use, energy consumption and thermal comfort.

40% target* for energy and water savings, benchmarked to the ‘pre-BASIX’ average NSW home (*single dwellings in coastal NSW).

Target are calibrated for regional climatic zones.

Targets can be adjusted over time to achieve national objectives in water savings and greenhouse gas reduction.

Outcomes are market sensitive, providing user choice to select best practice and cost effective technologies and building methods.

Readily accessible via the internet to the general public and to the construction industry.

www.basix.nsw.gov.au

3

BASIX – Building Sustainability IndexBASIX applies to all new dwellings across NSW and is designed to achieve measurable and quantifiable greenhouse gas and water savings in the residential building market.

The NSW State Environmental Planning Policy (Sustainability Index – BASIX) 2004, has made the completion of a BASIX Certificate a legislative requirement for new housing construction since July 2004.

BASIX certificates are completed using an online web-based tool which calculates the water, energy and thermal comfort performance of the proposed development and documents the commitments that have been made to meet sustainability targets.

There were 131,000 visitors to the BASIX website in 2007-08This report summarises the data collected from BASIX 2005-08 single dwelling certificates and the predicted energy and water savings.

Meeting the NSW State PlanBASIX contributes significantly to two key priorities of the NSW State Plan. E1 - Secure and sustainable water supply for all users and E3 - Cleaner air and progress on greenhouse gas reduction. This report demonstrates how BASIX is meeting or exceeding the commitments set under these objectives.

2005-08 BASIX Savings For 42,570 housing approvals in 2005-08 this means; 5.7 billion litres

of water saved 173 million kilograms

less of CO2-e

4 BASIX 05-08 | SINGlE DWEllINGS

5SUMMARY OF KEY FINDINGS

summary of findings

Water 7

Energy 10

Thermal comfort 12


An average pre-BASIX house uses around 247 litres of water per person per day. Under BASIX, the average new home in NSW will use less than 135 litres per person per day,# saving each household the equivalent of 570 bottles* of water every day#based on commitments made, 2005-08 certificates

*based on a 600ml bottle

Water – BASIX saved 5.7 billion litres of water, the equivalent of 2,275 Olympic swimming poolsThe BASIX Water target for coastal NSW requires a 40% reduction in mains-supplied potable water consumption, compared to the average ‘pre-BASIX’ home. The average water use benchmark for a pre- BASIX home is 90,340 litres of water per person per year or 247 litres per person per day.

1. Olympic swimming pool volume assumed as 2.5Ml 2. ABS website, article 1350.0 – Australian Economic Indicators,

“Household water use and effects of the drought”, Australia, Jul 2005, p.5

The water target varies for different climatic zones in NSW and was updated in 2005 for the expansion of BASIX from Sydney to regional NSW.

For the reporting period of 2005 – 2008, savings committed to in all BASIX certificates across NSW total 5,690 million litres, or the equivalent of 2,275 Olympic swimming pools1.

These savings have been generated largely through the increased installation of water tanks and water efficient fittings, followed by use of network supplied recycled water and use of on-site greywater treatment. Approximately 98% of BASIX certificates selected some form of alternative water source during the reporting period.

Rainwater tanks – 290 million litres of new water storageThere has been a significant increase in commitments to install rainwater tanks through BASIX. In 2004, approximately 12% of NSW households sourced water from a rainwater tank2. In comparison, 95% of BASIX certificates in 2005/08 nominated a rainwater tank.

Collectively, this represents a large reserve of over 290 million litres of potable water that would otherwise go as runoff to a stormwater system.


95% of BASIX certificates nominated a rainwater tank (Average 2005-08)

The acceptance of rainwater tanks as an alternative water source for new BASIX dwellings has shown an eight fold increase over existing ‘pre-BASIX’ homes. The resulting increase is much larger compared to the voluntary increased uptake of rainwater tanks through Council rebates and incentive schemes. This observation is supported by the experince in South Australia where even with high dissatisfaction with mains water quality and low rainfall levels, only 48% of households in South Australia had voluntarily installed a rainwater tank3 .

The size of tank installation can be tailored to local conditions. The BASIX web tool calculates an optimal tank size based on local rainfall data and nominated uses. The score achieved reflects a balance of rainfall available, tank capacity and the amount of potable water being substituted.

Table 1

Rainwater tanks NSW (% BASIX certificates)

Existing homes*(% NSW homes)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Rainwater tanks installed

12 91 96 96

*Pre-BASIX existing homes data source: ABS 2004

Compared to retro-fitting of tanks in existing homes, new dwellings also have the opportunity to make internal alternative water connections and maximise roof area for rainwater collection. This increases the amount of potable water being saved.

3. ABS website, article 1350.0 – Australian Economic Indicators, “Household water use and effects of the drought” Australia, Jul 2005, p.5

Home greywater plant filtration system design by Kennedy Associates Architects in association with ENVDS, Clovelly, NSW.


98% of BASIX certificates nominated alternative water for garden use

Alternative water connections Virtually all new dwelling BASIX certificates committed to using an alternative to mains-supplied potable water in their garden. Over 90% also chose to connect their toilets to an alternative water supply and more than 75% selected alternative water for laundry use. laundry connections have increased significantly over the reporting period, indicating greater acceptance of internal alternative water connections.

Connections to indoor fixtures also have the benefit of non-seasonal use of alternative water. With an estimated 20% of household water being used for gardens but nearly 35% used internally for toilet flushing and laundry use, internal connections to an alternative water supply translate into substantial reductions in demand for potable water. Furthermore, whilst the take up of alternative water connections to the garden is close to 100%, there remains scope to improve the take up of laundry connections and obtain further potable water savings.

Table 2

Alternative water connections (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Garden 98 98 98

Toilet 89 91 92

laundry 69 76 82

Water efficient fixtures Over the reporting period there has been a continuing increase in the commitment to install water efficient fixtures. Mandated minimum standards in 2005-06 resulted in the removal of taps rated less than 3 stars for kitchens and bathrooms. In addition, householders have voluntarily selected taps of more than the minimum three star rating, and this proportion of four stars and above selections has increased from 13% in 2005-06 to 29% in 2007-08 for kitchen taps and 16% to 26% for bathroom taps (appendix Table 40).

1 in 4 of BASIX certificates nominated 4 star (or better) toilets


Energy – 173 million kilograms less of greenhouse gas

The aim of the BASIX Energy index is to reduce residential greenhouse gas emissions per person. Each new home in NSW must meet a reduction target compared to an average pre-BASIX home. For Sydney and coastal NSW this target is 40%.

BASIX uses the proposed dwelling’s design data to calculate its potential greenhouse gas emission levels per person (estimated from ABS occupancy data and the number of bedrooms in the dwelling). These results are compared to the average per person greenhouse gas emissions levels across NSW of 3,292 kg of CO2-e per person per year, or 9 kg of CO2-e per person per day4.

In 2005/06 the energy target was a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for single dwellings. Since 1 July 2006, this target was increased for most homes to a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the average NSW home.

In the 2005-2008 reporting period, the commitment to energy savings translates to a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions totalling more than 173 million kilograms of carbon dioxide. This is equivalent to taking more than 39 thousand cars off the road each year.

Main Components of Household Energy UseThrough selections of construction type, building materials, house design and types of fixed appliances, the BASIX tool allows consumers to have a direct impact on more than 75% of the total energy consumed in an average Australian home. The remaining 25% of household energy is consumed by unfixed appliances such as televisions, entertainment systems, and laundry and kitchen appliances. Whilst this is a growing area of domestic energy use, regulation of this sector is not tied to practices within the construction industry.

BASIX allows consumers to select energy saving methods and technologies that best suit their circumstance. For an average home with access to reticulated natural gas, the selection of gas hot water, cooking and heating provides ready compliance with BASIX. In many regional areas of NSW, where gas supply is not readily available, alternatives such as solar, heat pumps or energy efficient lighting become more prevalent. Efficient thermal performance above the mandatory level of the building shell also assists houses requiring greater energy savings to meet the target, by reducing the demand for heating and cooling.

The main trends in commitments made to meet the BASIX Energy targets are described below.

An average BASIX compliant house produces 1,270kg less CO2-e per person per year than a typical pre-BASIX house. For an average BASIX house, this is the equivalent to each person planting 8 trees a year every year.5

4. This benchmark was updated from 2,807 kg C02-e for the expansion of BASIX from Sydney to NSW. 5. Based on 5 trees absorbing 1000kg CO2 over 20 years and 20% loss factor for trees that die.


Hot water systemsFor the average NSW home, hot water is responsible for the largest share of greenhouse emissions. The majority of existing NSW homes in 2006 had electric hot water systems (the most greenhouse intensive system); while only 26% had gas hot water systems and 3% had solar hot water systems6.

60% of BASIX certificates selected gas hot water systemsBASIX has encouraged more greenhouse efficient hot water systems and the 2005-08 results show that the increase in gas and solar hot water systems has been considerable in comparison to existing homes (Table 3). The expansion of BASIX from metropolitan Sydney (where gas connections are common) into regional NSW in 2005-06 shows continuing growth in the acceptance of solar hot water systems and heat pumps.

Table 3

Hot water systems NSW (% BASIX certificates)

Hot water system Existing homes* (% NSW)

2004-05(Sydney only)

BASIX2005-06

BASIX2006-07

BASIX2007-08

Gas 26 78 64 62 59

Solar 3 15 21 28 31

Heat pump no information 7 13 10 10

Electric 67 <1 2 <1 <1

Other (wood etc.) 4 <1 <1 <1 <1

* Pre-BASIX existing homes data source: ABS 2006

31% of BASIX certificates nominated a solar hot water system in 2007-08

6. ABS website, article 4621.1 – Domestic Water and Energy Use, New South Wales, Oct 2006, p.3


Thermal comfort – reducing demand for heating and coolingThe thermal performance of the building shell has an impact on the likely energy demand to heat and cool the house to a comfortable temperature. The likely energy demand is also significantly affected by climate and location. A house in a mild coastal climate will require significantly less heating and cooling than houses in inland or high elevation locations.

On average, the energy required to heat and cool a house contributes to around 25% of the total household energy use in NSW. Well designed and insulated houses can readily reduce this energy demand. However, increased consumer expectations for summer thermal comfort (cooling), coupled with the increasing size of the average home, work against the energy efficiency gains made by improved thermal performance.

National projections (Figure 1) show that whilst energy efficiency per square metre has improved (lower line), there has been an increase in whole of house heating and cooling loads (upper line)from about 28 GJ to 33 GJ per household per annum, over the 20 years from 1988 to 20087.

7. Commonwealth of Australia: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2008 Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector 1986-2020, DEWHA, Canberra, p.42 and 46

Figure 31: Trends in Building Shell Efficiency in Australia from 1986 to 2020

M d r

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

YEAR

SH

ELL

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (M

J/M

2 )

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SH

ELL

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (G

J/H

HO

LD)

MJ/m2GJ/House

SolarHeat pumpGas

Modelled Projected

Figure 1 - Trends in Building Shell Efficiency in Australia from 1986 to 2020

Figure 31: Trends in Building Shell Efficiency in Australia from 1986 to 2020

M d r

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

2020

YEAR

SH

ELL

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (M

J/M

2 )

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

SH

ELL

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (G

J/H

HO

LD)

MJ/m2GJ/House

SolarHeat pumpGas

Modelled Projected


BASIX works to reverse this trend. To meet the overall BASIX energy target, a house with a high heating or cooling load will have to find commensurate energy savings in other areas.

The BASIX Thermal Comfort section aims to:

• Ensure thermal comfort for a home’s occupants appropriate to the climate and season.

• Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from use of heaters and air conditioners through good building design and use of appropriate construction materials.

• Provide the potential to reduce demand for new, or upgraded, energy infrastructure by reducing peak demand of energy required for cooling and heating.

The Thermal Comfort section does not have a single benchmark. A ‘pass’ mark is set, based on appropriate heating and cooling loads per square metre for each climate zone. Unlike some existing ‘star’ ratings, which add the sum of the heating and cooling loads to get an overall pass mark, BASIX requires a pass to be obtained for both heating and cooling, leading to good thermal comfort in both winter and summer.

BASIX certificates are on the whole exceeding four stars. The sample data from simulation inputs for 2005-08 shows that single dwellings in NSW are being designed to achieve an average 4.8 NatHERS stars

Figure 2 - Simulation method performance 2005-08

NatHERS STAR RATING

Required BASIX Cap

Average Score Achieved


In 2005/08 three alternative methods of compliance were offered within the Thermal Comfort Index; ‘Simulation’, ‘Do-it-yourself’ (DIY) and ‘Rapid’.

The Simulation method currently uses the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS) software tool. Data for a Simulation method can only be entered by an accredited ABSA8 assessor.

The DIY method sets minimum insulations standards for most common building materials and technologies whilst allowing flexibility with the rest of the house design.

Rapid is a quick compliance method aimed at simple single storey brick veneer dwellings.

Since late 2005 when DIY was introduced, there has been a strong take up of the DIY method. DIY made up 34% of Thermal Comfort method selections, whilst the Simulation method made up 57% and the Rapid method 9%.

Figure 4 - Thermal Comfort Index – Selected calculation method NSW average 2005-08

DIY Method34%

Rapid Method9%

Simulation Method57%

Figure 3 - Sustainable housing features encouraged by BASIX

8. Association of Building Sustainability Assessors

introduction

17INTRODUCTION

This report summarises the results of single dwelling BASIX certificates generated between 1 July 2005 and 30 June 2008. These results are part of the BASIX monitoring program, which is central to an evaluation of the overall BASIX policy objectives and further development of the BASIX policy.

For each BASIX certificate, a range of data is captured identifying the water and energy technologies and thermal design specifications selected for a dwelling to reach its BASIX water and energy targets. This report summarises this data and illustrates how BASIX has shaped the development of new single dwelling homes in NSW over the past three years (2005-08).

How BASIX WorksBASIX has a distinctively different approach to achieving sustainable outcomes than most ‘star’ rating tools. It calculates the potential potable water use and greenhouse gas emissions for the proposed development and compares this against the State-wide benchmark of a ‘pre-BASIX’ home. This allows the performance of the development to be assessed as a percentage saving against the benchmark. New residential developments are required to achieve the water and greenhouse targets for their region. For coastal NSW, this target is currently 40% for detached dwellings. Targets vary for multi-unit dwellings and for inland regions with different climates.

By setting mandatory performance outcomes rather than prescribing design or fixture requirements, BASIX allows flexibility for developers and homeowners. They can choose from a wide range of options and select those energy and water saving methods that are most suitable to their budget, building design, and local conditions. This flexible approach encourages innovations and the uptake of new technologies. Over compliance is both encouraged and measurable.

Introduction The 2008 BASIX Report

Figure 5 - Progress bars help users of the web site track how a dwelling is scoring within each target section.


Using BASIXBASIX is an integrated part of the planning system, supported by and embedded within a comprehensive regulatory scheme. It is implemented under the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 as a mandatory component of the development approval process. Compliance is achieved through use of an on-line sustainability tool, accessible to both the general public and industry professionals through the world wide web.

Data entered in the on-line tool is used to generate a certificate that is required to be submitted as part of the dwelling’s development application (Figure 6). In addition to documenting the performance of the development against the water and energy targets, the certificate contains a list of the commitments made to achieve this performance. Compliance with these commitments is then checked by the principal certifying authority (building certifier) throughout the building construction process.

Figure 6 – Example cover page of a BASIX certificate showing project details and the score achieved for each section

In 2007-08, the BASIX website received over 46 million hits and 131 thousand unique visitors. Of these hits, approximately 3% were international visitors to the site.

19INTRODUCTION

The top five countries for international visitors to the BASIX website in 2007-08 were: the USA (51%), Thailand (24%), Japan (5%), Vietnam (4%) and United Kingdom (3%). The ratio of hits to unique visitors indicates a high portion of repeat users consistent with an industry focussed web site. On average, one certificate was generated for every 6 visitors.

Over the reporting period there have been over 28,000 calls and emails to the BASIX Help line. Approximately one third of the total enquires were sent via email. An annual breakdown of the number of Help line enquires is shown in table 4. Higher usage of the helpline service in 2005 to 2007 is consistent with the roll out of new components and upgrades to BASIX, with lower usage in 2007-08 suggesting increased familiarity in the use of BASIX.

Table 4

Number of BASIX Help Line enquiries

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

10925 10068 7243

Monitoring BASIX CommitmentsThe data necessary to generate a BASIX certificate is collected on-line and provides an important source of information on what selections have been made to achieve the sustainable outcomes mandated by BASIX. This report examines this data to show how the NSW BASIX tool is achieving sustainable outcomes in a cost efficient manner. The same data addresses the NSW State Plan objectives and emerging Commonwealth Government objectives to reduce potable water usage and greenhouse gas emissions.


Staged Release of BASIXState Environmental Planning Policy - Sustainability Index – BASIX (the BASIX SEPP), was adopted by the Minister for Planning in July 2004. It required all new single dwelling houses in metropolitan Sydney to meet a target for savings of water and energy of 40% and 25% respectively. In July 2005 coverage of BASIX was expanded to include all NSW single detached dwellings and in July 2006, the energy targets for NSW increased to 40%. This report summarises the results for single dwellings from July 2005 – June 2008 for all NSW and, where relevant, breaks the results down by certificates issued for metropolitan Sydney and regional NSW.

From October 2005, BASIX was expanded to include new residential flat buildings, townhouses and dual occupancy dwellings. In October 2006, BASIX included alterations and additions to existing dwellings worth more than $100,000, and from July 2007, alterations and additions worth more than $50,000. Reports covering these building types will be released separately.

Inputs for the BASIX thermal comfort section are currently based on CSIRO 1st generation software (NatHERS). The process of upgrading BASIX to second generation software (AccuRate, FirstRate5 etc) is underway.

Targets and BenchmarksBASIX sets water and greenhouse gas reduction targets relaive to the NSW average benchmark for per person potable water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions within the residential sector.

The benchmarks were determined from NSW average residential water, electricity and gas consumption data collected from state-wide energy utilities by the NSW Department of Water and Energy (DWE).9

For water, the NSW benchmark is expressed in terms of potable water consumption and is equal to 90,340 litres of water per person per year.

For energy, the NSW benchmark is expressed in terms of residential greenhouse gas emissions and is equal to 3,292 kg of CO2-e per person per year.

By multiplying the water and energy per capita benchmarks by the ABS10 average occupancy rates for dwelling size and location, a water and greenhouse budget for a proposed dwelling can be calculated. Savings are calculated by comparing the dwelling’s modelled performance to this benchmark figure.

BASIX targets are expressed as a percentage saving against the NSW benchmark. While the benchmark is constant across NSW, the targets are varied to suit regional climates and can be amended over time to achieve national water and greenhouse gas commitments. Variable targets that recognise differences in local conditions (such as rainfall, soil type, evaporation rates and prevailing winds) ensures equity across NSW without placing an excessive cost burden on dwellings in certain regions.

For coastal NSW, which covers the majority of residential development, these targets are:

40% reduction in potable water consumption;

40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions11

BASIX also sets minimum performance levels for the thermal comfort of the dwelling, expressed as energy required to heat and cool the dwelling (KJ/m2)

9. Formerly the NSW Department of Energy, Utilities and Sustainability (DEUS) 10. Australian Bureau of Statistics 11. Except for multi-unit developments of 3 storeys or more, where the Energy Target is 20% (6 storeys or more),

30% (4-5 storeys) or 35% (3 storeys)

21INTRODUCTION

Report MethodologyAs BASIX is online and publicly accessible, the certificate data was analysed to remove duplicates, test projects and incomplete assessments, leaving a ‘clean’ sample set for each year as the basis of this report.

The resulting sample size for 2005 – 2008 is 59,574 certificates.

It is acknowledged that data ‘cleaning’ may have discarded some real projects, or conversely, retained test projects which may have lead to some distortion of the results. However, the error factor is considered to be minimal.

Additionally, the certificate sample represents new development applications during the reporting period. The lag time to actual construction of the dwellings is, on average, about 12 months. Accordingly, forward calculations of water and greenhouse gas savings are made using a 12 month time lag.

The total number of development applications lodged to local councils during this period was 42,57012. Due to the fact that a portion of BASIX certificates do not progress to development applications, any results expressed as quantities or volumes are discounted by the ratio of certificates to development applications lodged.

BASIX Energy and Water Targets – Independent ValidationIn addition to BASIX certificate reporting, the Department is working with NSW energy and water utilities to measure actual consumption in constructed BASIX dwellings. A comparison will be made of actual energy and water used versus savings calculated on the BASIX certificate. This program will help evaluate the effectiveness of the BASIX policy in reducing water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

A verification project with Sydney Water has to date examined water consumption in over 600 BASIX compliant houses. This project will be reported separately, but available data to date shows water saving targets for Sydney are being met in houses in compliance with BASIX.

12. Dept of Planning, local Development Performance Monitoring Reports 2005-08,


Webbs Creek

Maroota

RICHMOND

Wallacia

Oakdale CAMPBELLTOWN

HELENSBURGH

PARRAMATTA

BANKSTOWN

NSWBASIX Introduced July 2005

Sydney

ACT

Webbs Creek

Maroota

RICHMOND

Wallacia


HELENSBURGH

SYDNEYSYDNEYPARRAMATTA

BANKSTOWN

SydneyBASIX introduced

July 2004

Webbs Creek

Maroota

RICHMOND

Wallacia


HELENSBURGH

PARRAMATTA

BANKSTOWN

NSWBASIX Introduced July 2005

Sydney

ACT

Webbs Creek

Maroota

RICHMOND

Wallacia


HELENSBURGH

SYDNEYSYDNEYPARRAMATTA

BANKSTOWN

SydneyBASIX introduced

July 2004

Report OutlineResults of the BASIX monitoring program are presented in the sequence of the four sections needed to complete an online BASIX certificate:

Project details

Water

Energy

Thermal Comfort

These sections summarise the characteristics of individual developments and choices made with regards to targeted savings in water use and energy consumption along with related thermal comfort initiatives.

The Sydney sample set is based on the geographical boundaries shown in the map below. The regional sample set refers to data for all of NSW - excluding the Sydney sample set.

Tabulated data on which the following charts are drawn and the basis for calculating volumes and total savings can be found in the appendices.

Due to rounding the report data may produce results +/- 0.5%.

A glossary of terms follows the appendices.

Figure 7: Sydney and regional NSW data areas

project details Site area 25

Floor area 26

Bedroom numbers 28

25PROJECT DETAILS

Project DetailsThe project details section of BASIX records the dwelling address, type and site details.

For the period July 2005 to June 2008, there were 59,574 BASIX certificates considered valid, with 37% being for dwellings in Sydney.13

Table 5

Sample Size

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2005-08 Total

Total number of BASIX certificates (single dwelling) 20745 16856 21973 59574

Proportion of BASIX certificates in Sydney 42% 32% 35% 37%

Proportion of BASIX certificates in regional NSW 58% 68% 65% 63%

Site areaHow big is a BASIX block of land?

The site area refers to the area of land on which the proposed development is to be carried out.

The distribution of the site area sizes was reasonably was consistent from 2005-06 to 2007-08, with just over half of all blocks in Sydney being less than 600m2.

Table 6

Sydney Site Area Distribution (% BASIX certificates)

Site area range (m2) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

50.81 – 300 8.5 7.5 6.0

301 – 600 47.4 46.7 44.8

601 – 900 29.8 30.7 32.6

49.2901 – 1200 6.7 7.1 8.4

1201 – 1500 1.7 1.4 2.1

>1501 5.9 6.6 6.1

Site area median 569m2 581m2 598m2

The spread is greater in regional areas with sites over 1500m2 making up over 30% of regional certificates and nearly half being over 900m2.

Table 7

Regional Site Area Distribution (% BASIX certificates)

Site area range (m2) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

52.41 – 300 2.0 3.4 2.5

301 – 600 18.0 18.7 17.1

601 – 900 33.1 32.6 32.8

901 – 1200 12.3 11.6 12.4

48.61201 – 1500 3.3 3.2 3.1

>1501 31.2 30.6 32.1

Site area median 859m2 834m2 867m2

13. The total number of development applications during this period was 42,570. Due to the fact that a portion of BASIX certificates do not progress to development applications, any quantifiable results (such as total CO2 savings) are discounted by the ratio of certificates to development applications lodged.


Floor area

How big is a BASIX house?

From July 2005, gross floor area was replaced with conditioned and unconditioned floor areas to describe the dwelling size.

The total floor area includes the conditioned and unconditioned floor area of a dwelling.

The average floor area reported for NSW BASIX certificates was 216m2 in 2005/06, 209m2 in 2006/07 and 220m2 in 2007-08. As a comparison, the average floor area of pre-BASIX NSW houses was 241m2.14

The floor area distributions increased slightly over the reporting period with the main difference being between Sydney and regional areas, where the average floor area reported in Sydney is much higher than the rest of NSW at 248m2 (2007-08).

Differences between the BASIX floor area data and ABS data may be due to a number of reasons including: variations in methods of measurement, a level of under reporting and the fact that the BASIX data sample includes some certificates which do not represent actual houses. This variance will be investigated in future verification reporting.

14. ABS 8731.0 – Building Approvals – “Average floor area of new dwellings”, Australia, July 2001

27PROJECT DETAILS

Figure 8 - Floor area range distribution by location 2005-08 average

Table 8

Sydney Floor Area (% BASIX certificates)

Floor area (m2) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

0-100 2.8 2.7 2.4

101-200 36.4 35.8 30.9

201-300 41.5 42.2 44.1

301-400 14.7 14.7 17.2

401-500 2.9 3.0 3.7

>501 1.7 1.6 1.7

Average floor area 237m2 237m2 248m2

Table 9

Regional Floor Area (% BASIX certificates)

Floor area (m2) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

0-100 6.0 6.9 5.8

101-200 51.8 52.8 49.4

201-300 33.5 32.4 34.7

301-400 6.4 5.8 7.6

401-500 1.5 1.4 1.7

>501 0.9 0.7 0.9

Average floor area 200m2 196m2 204m2

FLOOR AREA RANGE (m2)

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F B

AS

IX C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Regional

Sydney


Number of bedroomsOver 50% of all BASIX homes are 4 bedroom dwellings and this remained constant across the monitoring years.

On average, Sydney homes have more bedrooms than homes in the rest of NSW. The average number of bedrooms in Sydney is 4.2; for the rest of NSW the average is 3.7.

Table 10

Sydney Bedroom Numbers (% BASIX certificates)

No. of bedrooms 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

1 0.8 0.8 0.8

2 2.3 2.0 2.1

3 16.1 14.6 13.5

4 49.7 50.1 50.1

5 24.8 25.3 26.1

>6 6.3 7.1 7.5

Average number of bedrooms

4.2 4.2 4.2

Table 11

Regional Bedroom Numbers (% BASIX certificates)

No. of bedrooms 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

1 1.8 1.7 1.8

2 5.6 6.7 5.3

3 28.2 27.0 27.4

4 51.2 51.3 51.5

5 11.5 11.5 12.0

>6 1.7 1.8 2.0

Average number of bedrooms

3.7 3.7 3.7

water Alternative water supply 33

Alternative water connections 35

Rainwater tanks 37

Greywater systems 39

Stormwater tanks 40

Reticulated recycled water 41

Indigenous or low water use landscaping 43

Pools and spas 44

Water efficient fixtures 45

31WATER

WaterThe NSW State Plan aims to ensure a secure and sustainable water supply for all users (Priority E1) and for Sydney sets a target to improve efficiency of water by saving 145 billion litres of water per year by 2015. BASIX is making a significant contribution to this aim in Sydney and across NSW.

The BASIX Water target requires up to a 40% reduction in mains-supplied potable water consumption, compared to the average ‘pre-BASIX’ home. The average water use benchmark for a pre- BASIX home is 90,340 litres of water per person per year. The target saving varies for different climatic zones in NSW. Variation in the targets applied to each zone reflect the practicality of achieving water savings in areas with lower rainfall and the current water use patterns of existing homes in those areas compared to the NSW water benchmark.

The following map (Figure 9) illustrates the water saving targets across the State.

Figure 9 - Basix Water Targets Across NSW

COBAR

DUBBO

BOURKE

ORANGE

SYDNEY

WALGETT

ARMIDALE

CANBERRA

NEWCASTLE

TIBOOBURRA

BROKEN HILL

TWEED HEADS

WAGGA WAGGA

COFFS HARBOUR

Table 12

Distribution of certificates by water target zones

water target (%) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Average

0 0.31% 0.42% 0.50% 0.41%

10 0.67% 0.65% 0.65% 0.66%

20 3.94% 5.14% 4.40% 4.49%

30 5.02% 5.55% 6.01% 5.53%

40 90.1% 88.3% 88.4% 88.9%

Close to 90% of all certificates issued in the reporting period are for homes located in the NSW coastal zone with a 40% water saving target. Only about 1% of all certificates issued are for homes located in the low target zones that required zero or 10% water savings.


The Water section of BASIX asks questions relating to:

The area of landscaped garden and lawn, including areas dedicated to indigenous or low water use species

the efficiency of various household fixtures (showers, taps, toilets etc), recognised by star ratings

the sources and uses of the household’s water supply, including any alternatives to potable water, and

details of any pools or spas included in the development

Used in combination with the project details (postcode, roof area, landscaped area) and information provided by the BASIX tool, such as assumed occupancy rates and the performance of fixtures, BASIX can model the potable water demand of the proposed development.

By nominating an alternative water supply (i.e. a source such as rainwater tanks or reticulated recycled water) developments are able to further reduce their demand on mains supplied potable water, therefore improving their water ‘score’.

In most cases a residential dwelling will need to nominate an alternative water source in order to achieve the required water target.

Since the 2004/05 reporting period, the BASIX tool has been updated to include the following changes to the water section:

Water target varied by climate zone (1/6/05)

Stormwater connections to toilets and laundry permitted (30/6/05)

Rainwater connections for whole of house permitted (30/6/05)

Treated greywater for irrigation (30/8/05), toilets and laundry use permitted

Figure 10 - Where an average NSW household uses water (BASIX benchmark)

Chart compiled by BASIX from ABS and Sydney Water data

Greywater treatment /diversion only0.2%

outdoor21%

laundry trough 2%

dishwasher 1%

washing machine 20%

pool and spa3%

other5%

shower23%

bath 4%

kitchen sink 5%

bathroom basin 2%

toilet 14%

33WATER

Alternative Water SupplyVirtually all BASIX certificates committed to an alternative water supply (approximately 98% of BASIX certificates 2005-08). There were similar proportions between the reporting years with a slight increase in the number of certificates choosing a combination of alternative water sources. Rainwater tanks continue to be the most popular alternative water source. Reticulated recycled water is only available in selected areas and, although on a NSW wide basis the proportion is small, the take up is high in areas that have recycled water available.

Figure 11 - Alternative Water Sources NSW 2005-08 Average (% of certificates nominating alternative water)

(Appendix Table 30)

A number of homes selected a combination of alternative water sources (shown above as Combinations). The three most frequent combinations for 2005-07 were: rainwater and stormwater tanks, rainwater tank and greywater system, rainwater tank and a private dam. Rainwater tanks are included in most combinations

Stormwater tank only0.3%

Reticulated recycled water only 4.9%

Greywater treatment /diversion only 0.2%

Private dam only0.1%

Combinations8.1%

Other1.6%

Rainwater tank only84.8%


What alternative water supplies are being chosen?

Figure 12 - Growth of Alternative Water Supplies - Pre BASIX to 2008

(Appendix Table 31)

Note: The decrease in the proportion of recycled water between 2004-05 and later years is due largely to the limited availability of recycled water in regional/rural areas.

Table 13

Rainwater tanks NSW (% BASIX certificates)

Existing homes* (% NSW homes)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Rainwater tanks installed

12 91 96 96

* ABS 2004

95% of BASIX certificates nominated a rainwater tank(2005-08 average)

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F B

AS

IX C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%% of pre-BASIXexisting homes

NSW

2004-05

Sydney only

2005-06

NSW

2006-07

NSW

2007-08

NSW

Rainwater tank

Stormwater tank

Grey water

Recycled water

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F B

AS

IX C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%% of pre-BASIXexisting homes

NSW

2004-05

Sydney only

2005-06

NSW

2006-07

NSW

2007-08

NSW

Rainwater tank

Stormwater tank

Grey water

Recycled water

35WATER

Alternative Water ConnectionsHow are people using alternative water?

Table 14

Alternative water connections (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Garden 98 98 98

Toilet 89 91 91

laundry 69 76 82

The alternative water connections show that virtually all new homes are connecting alternative water for use in garden areas and that there has been a continuing trend of increases in internal connections. Approximately 90% of certificates nominate an alternative water source for toilet flushing and close to 80% now nominate alternative water for laundry use. This translates into substantial reductions in demands on potable water.

Figure 13 - Rainwater tank connections 2004-08

(Appendix Table 32)

The rainwater tank connections show that there has been an increase in the different connection options for rainwater tanks, particularly for use in the laundry. Connections to hot water and all of house were introduced in 2005 are most common in rural areas.

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F R

AIN

WAT

ER

TA

NK

CE

RTI

FIC

ATE

S

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

GardenToiletLaundryHot waterAll of house


Figure 14 - Greywater use 2005-08

(Appendix Table 33)

Garden connections continued to be the main end use for greywater in NSW. Internal connections increased slightly over the three reporting years.

Figure 15 - Stormwater use 2005-08

(Appendix Table 34)

Stormwater connections to toilets and laundry were permitted in this reporting period, however garden use continued to be the main connection option selected for stormwater tanks.

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F G

RE

YW

ATE

R S

YS

TEM

CE

RTI

FIC

ATE

S100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Garden

Toilet

Laundry

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F S

TOR

MW

ATE

R T

AN

K C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Garden

Toilet

Laundry

YEAR

37WATER

Rainwater TanksWhat size rainwater tanks are being used?

Proportions of rainwater tank volumes for NSW have stayed fairly constant from 2005-06 to 2007-08. The main changes applicable to this reporting period are that rainwater connection options were increased to allow for hot water and drinking (“all of house”) end uses.

Figure 16 - Rainwater tank volumes NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 35)

The two longest bars in figure 16 highlight that the most common rainwater tank sizes in NSW are between 2000-3000l and 4000-5000l. A smaller peak also occurs in the larger 5000l-10,000l category. This is reflected in the data at Table 15, with the median tank size of 4500-5000 litres. The average tank size of approximately 12,000 litres is skewed by a small proportion of tanks larger than 50,000 litres. Average and median rainwater tank sizes have increased since 2005-06 as shown in the following table.

Table 15

Average and median rainwater tank sizes NSW (litres)

Average Median

2005-06 11468 4500

2006-07 12219 4500

2007-08 12708 5000

PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES

VO

LUM

E (L

)

>50,000L

10,001-50,000L

5,001-10,000L

4,001-5,000L

3,001-4,000L

2,001-3,000L

>0-2,000L

The estimated water capacity able to be stored in rainwater tanks that will be installed under BASIX for 2005-08 is: 2005-06 > 85 million litres2006-07 > 99 million litres 2007-08 > 106 million litres Total for 2005-08 > 290 million litresAppendix Table 76


The trends in tank sizes vary between Sydney and regional areas and this is shown in Figure 17

Figure 17 - Rainwater tank volumes - Sydney and regional NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 36)

Figure 17 shows that in Sydney the most popular size of rainwater tanks is 2000-3000 litres, whereas in regional areas most are larger than 4,000l. Most of the tanks sized larger than 10,000l are located in regional areas. This reflects that in areas of lower and less frequent rainfall, a larger tank is required to achieve the required efficiency of alternative water supply.

The average roof catchment area connected to rainwater tanks in NSW 2005-08 was 233m2.

REGIONAL

SYDNEY

PERCENTAGE OF CERTIFICATES

VO

LUM

E (L

)

>50,000L

10,001-50,000L

5,001-10,000L

4,001-5,000L

3,001-4,000L

2,001-3,000L

>0-2,000L

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

LArger NOT NeCeSSArILy BeTTer

BASIX calculates the most efficient tank size based on the roof catchment area, local rainfall patterns and the quantity of water allocated to alternative uses. Increasing the rainwater tank size will not necessarily improve the water score unless it is matched by greater capacity to harvest rainwater and increased allocation of the water to an appropriate end use.

39WATER

Greywater

What types of greywater systems are being used?

Greywater re-use systems can be used to collect and re-use water from;

bathroom and laundry in the case of diversion systems, and

bathroom, laundry AND kitchen in the case of treatment systems.

Treated greywater re-use was permitted in BASIX for surface irrigation in August 2005. This resulted in a strong take up of treatment systems over diversion systems which can be used for sub-surface irrigation only. With the development of an accreditation process for greywater treatment systems and the release of guidelines for greywater re-use BASIX expanded the permitted uses for approved greywater treatment systems to include laundry (washing machine) and toilet connections.

The vast majority (96%) of greywater system connections in 2005-08 (treatment and diversion) were for garden use. While toilet and laundry use (available for treatment systems only) make up a much smaller percentage of the connections at 17% and 7% respectively, this proportion is steadily increasing over time. (Figure 14 earlier).

In 2005-07 the majority of greywater systems were treatment systems, however in 2007-08 this trend reversed and treatment systems made up just under half of greywater systems. (Appendix Table 38) This may reflect changes to government policy introduced in 06/07 which now allow the installation of WaterMark15 licensed diversion systems without council approval.

Approximately 80% of certificates that nominated greywater use were located in regional NSW. This indicates that the use of grey water is an efficient way to capture water in areas where rainfall is low.

Figure 18 - Greywater system distribution by location

(Appendix Table 37)

Sydney 21%

Regional 79%

15. The WaterMark is a certification trademark owned by Standards Australia limited .The WaterMark is used in relation to water supply, sewerage, plumbing and drainage goods. Watermark certified goods comply with present regulatory position and meet required specifications and standards.


Stormwater Tanks

What size stormwater tanks are being used?

A stormwater tank is designed to capture and store stormwater, being defined as water collected from trafficable surfaces (i.e. paved or ground surfaces). Roof areas can also be diverted for collection in a stormwater tank (rather than a separate rainwater tank). Untreated stormwater can only be used for garden irrigations (and should not be used on edible plants). Treated stormwater can be re-used for garden irrigation, toilet flushing, and laundry (washing machine) use.

The volume of the stormwater tank specified as part of BASIX water commitments must be in addition to any minimum tank requirements specified by the local council for detention and/or retention.

Figure 19 - Stormwater tank volume NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 39)

The majority of stormwater tanks were sized under 6,000l, however there were also a significant number of larger tanks selected.

BASIX included the option of internal (toilet and laundry) re-use for stormwater during the reporting period. However garden use continues to be the dominant choice for stormwater tank connections (average 81% of stormwater tank certificates, 2005-08). (Figure 15 earlier).

PERCENTAGE OF STORMWATER TANK CERTIFICATES

VO

LUM

E (L

)

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%

>20,001

10,001-20,000

6,001-10,000

2,001-6,000

>0-2,000

41WATER

Reticulated Recycled Water

Where are the reticulated recycled water schemes located?

Reticulated alternative water means recycled water that is supplied by a water authority or central authority via a reticulated system to individual lots for non-potable use. In most cases this involves the treatment and re-use of sewage effluent.

Reticulated recycled water is only available in certain areas where there is access to a recognised recycled water scheme. The location and size of developments, in relation to the available schemes, therefore determine how many BASIX certificates can nominate recycled water and the distribution of these certificates across NSW.

The top four schemes, based on numbers of BASIX certificates, are:

1. Rouse Hill (North Western Sydney)

2. Ploughmans Valley and North Orange (Central West)

3. Ballina Heights (North Coast)

4. Glenfield Road (South Western Sydney)

The majority of recycled water schemes allow garden and toilet end use only. However Sydney Olympic Park, Seascape Grove, Chisholm and Farley South also allow connection for laundry (washing machine) use.

Recycled water schemes are recognised in BASIX after an application process. The full list of recycled water schemes available in BASIX is available on the BASIX website.

New schemes recognised during the reporting period 2005-08 (listed in order of their inclusion):

Glenfield Road ( Hoxton Park)

Ballina Heights

Ploughmans Valley/North Orange

St Marys Eastern Precinct

Magenta Shores

Seascape Grove

Hume Country Estate

South Foster

Bingara Gorge

Chisholm

Farley South

North West Growth Centre (Colebee)


Table 16

Recycled water connections

lGA Scheme name Number of certificates 2005-06

Number of certificates 2006-07

Number of certificates 2007-08

Albury Hume Country Estate

- 1 75

Ballina Ballina Heights 27 28 45

Baulkham Hills Shire

Rouse Hill 269 164 165

Blacktown Rouse Hill St Marys East

701 515 690

Campbelltown Glenfield Road (Hoxton Park)

20 5 11

Great lakes South Foster - - 2

Kempsey Seascape Grove - - 5

lismore Perrandenya 7 7 3

liverpool Glenfield Road (Hoxton Park)

- - 4

Maitland Chisholm

Farley South - - 5

Orange Ploughmans Valley/Nth Orange

65 103 147

Wollondilly Bingara Gorge - - 7

Total 1091 823 1160

43WATER

Indigenous or Low Water Use Landscapinglandscaping affects the water consumption of a development. Generally the greater the garden/lawn area the more water that is required to maintain it. In drier and hotter regions in particular large areas of garden and lawn can have a big impact on a development’s overall water score.

Developments are able to reduce the water consumption related to garden and lawn areas, and therefore improve their water score, by nominating areas of indigenous or low water use species as part of their landscaping commitments.

The landscaping commitments, including nominated areas of indigenous planting, are included as part of the conditions of consent and are checked by the consent authority.

The average landscape area in Sydney was approximately 300m2 and in regional areas, approximately 400m2. 28% of certificates in the 2005-08 reporting period included a commitment for a nominated area of indigenous or low water use plantings. In most cases the area nominated for indigenous or low water use plantings represented a small portion of the total landscaped area, with the area nominated being higher in regional areas.

Table 17

Indigenous/low water use landscaping

2005-08 Sydney Regional

Average nominated Indigenous/low water use area as a proportion of the total landscape area

11% 16%

(Appendix Table 40)

The average area of landscaping for all NSW in the reporting period (2005-08) was about 360m2, with an average of approximately 50m2 being indigenous or low water use plantings.

HOUSE & GARAGE

14%

Landscape AreaIndigenous or low waterplanting area

Figure 20 - Average area of low water planting nominated in BASIX certificates


Pools and SpasPools and spas make a significant impact on the BASIX score of a home. In 2005-08, close to 9% of certificates selected a pool and less than 1% selected to install a spa. If all development applications approved in the reporting period are completed in accordance with the BASIX commitments, this will translate into over 5000 new homes with pools. Over 80% of these certificates included a pool or spa cover and close to 20% indicated the pool or spa was shaded.

The average volume of pools was approximately 44kl and just under 4kl for spas (2005-08). (reference - Appendix Table 39)

For an average Western Sydney house, the installation of a 44kL pool requires a compensatory offset of 11.5kL a year.The Energy section of the report discusses options selected for pool and spa heating and operating pumps.

Water Efficient FixturesWhat types of water efficient fixtures are being selected?

Selections available for water efficient fixtures include toilets, taps and showerheads (figure 21). Over the reporting period there were a number of changes to water efficient fixtures within the BASIX tool:

Water using fixtures changed from A-ratings to star ratings (1/7/06), in line with industry standards

low rated fixtures (1A and 2A kitchen and bathroom taps) were removed in line with changes to the BCA16 requirements (1/7/06)

low rated toilets (1A) were removed in line with the introduction of minimum WElS17 standards (01/07/06)

A 3-star minimum rating was introduced for showerheads to meet BCA flow rate requirements (01/05/06).

On-demand hot water recirculation added (30/06/05)

Higher rated toilets and taps were added (4A toilets and 4/5A taps) (30/06/05)

Close to 6% of 2007-08 certificates selected an on-demand hot water recirculation system.

16. Building code of Australia (BCA) 17. Water efficiency labelling and standards (WElS) scheme

45WATER

The following figures 21, 23 and 24 of water efficient fixtures show that applicants are selecting more efficient water fixtures throughout the dwelling.

Figure 21 - Water efficient fixtures 2005-08 - Toilets

(Appendix Table 42)

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

Less than 3 stars3 star4 star and above

Figure 22 - Example of selections available for water efficient fixtures


Figure 23 - Water efficient fixtures 2005-08 - Kitchen Taps

(Appendix Table 42)

Figure 24 - Water efficient fixtures 2005-08 - Bathroom Taps

(Appendix Table 42)

* not available from July 2006 in line with BCA requirements

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Less than 3 star*3 star4 star and above

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Less than 3 star*3 star4 star and above

energy Hot water systems 52

Heating systems 53

Cooling systems 59

Pool and spa energy 63

Cooking selections 65

Alternative energy 67

lighting 68

49ENERGY

EnergyThe NSW State plan aims to protect the environment through cleaner air and progress on greenhouse gas reductions (Priority E3). This includes a target to achieve a 60 percent cut in greenhouse emissions by 2050 and a return to year 2000 greenhouse gas emission levels by 2025. BASIX is making an important contribution to this target for NSW.

The NSW Greenhouse Plan (2005) sets out strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in NSW. BASIX is contributing to reductions in residential emissions, which make up 23% of stationary energy emissions. Stationary energy is responsible for almost half of NSW emissions18.

BASIX is also well placed to respond to emerging Commonwealth initiatives for greenhouse gas reduction including developments under the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme and international commitments that may be made by the Commonwealth Government.

The objective of the BASIX Energy index is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per person from residential homes. Each new home in NSW must meet a reduction target compared to an average pre-BASIX home.

BASIX uses the proposed dwelling’s energy design data to calculate the potential greenhouse gas emission levels. These results are then compared to the average per person greenhouse gas emissions levels across NSW, which is equal to 3,292 kg of CO2-e per person per year. This benchmark was updated for the expansion of BASIX from Sydney to NSW.

In 2005/06 the energy target was a 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions for single dwellings. Since 1 July 2006, each home is required to meet a target of up to a 40% reduction of greenhouse gas emissions compared to the average NSW home. This target varies depending on location and home type.

Variation in the targets applied to each zone reflect the practicality of achieving energy savings in areas with greater climatic extremes and recognise the historic higher energy demand for homes in those areas over the NSW average energy benchmark.

18. NSW Greenhouse Plan 2005, p.12


The following map and table show the different energy target zones across NSW and the targets relating to the different building types.

Figure 25 - BASIX Energy Targets across NSW

Building type Zone

1 2 3

Detached + semi-detached 40 35 25

3 storey units 35 30 20

4 and 5 storey units 30 25 15

6 storey units and higher 20 15 5

Table 18

Distribution of certificates by energy target zone

energy target zone 2005-06* 2006-07 2007-08 Average

Zone 1 n/a 70.9% 72.0% 46.6%

Zone 2 n/a 10.5% 10.5% 7.0%

Zone 3 100.0% 18.6% 17.5% 46.4%

* Zone 1 target of 25% applied to all certificates in 2005-06

The number of certificates issued across the reporting period is, on average, evenly split between homes that need to achieve a 25% energy saving and those that need to achieve a 40% saving, The average is however skewed by the one target of 25% applying to all of NSW in the 2005-06 period. Since the introduction of the three energy target zones in July 2006, over 70% of all certificates issued have been for homes requiring a 40% saving target.

51ENERGY

Since 2004/05, BASIX energy policy developments have incorporated the use of:

Fluorescent lighting in garages

Ventilation systems in bathrooms, kitchens and laundries

On-demand hot water recirculation systems

6-star gas instantaneous hot water systems

lED and compact fluorescent lights

Energy efficiency rating options for 3-phase and 1-phase airconditioning

Differentiation of gas instantaneous hot water heaters, gas storage hot water heaters, solar hot water heaters and heat pump water heaters based on performance

‘Airconditioning ducting only’ as an option for heating and cooling


Figure 26 - Greenhouse gas emissions of an average NSW household (BASIX benchmark)

‘other’ - household appliances including home entertainment and computers.

Chart compiled by BASIX from ABS data and Commonwealth of Australia 2008: Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector 1986-2020, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Canberra.

Hot Water Systems

What types of hot water systems are being installed?

Hot water is a major component of a home’s energy demand and BASIX has encouraged new dwellings to take up greenhouse friendly hot water systems, such as gas and solar hot water systems.

Figure 27 - Hot water systems NSW 2004-2008

(Appendix Table 44)

YEAR

SolarHeat pumpGasElectricOther (wood etc)

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%PR

OP

OR

TIO

N O

F B

AS

IX C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

other21%

hot water32%

space heating8%

space cooling5%

whitegoods19%

cooking5%

pool & spa3%

lighting7%

53ENERGY

The graph shows the change in hot water system selections over time. There is a distinct difference between pre-BASIX homes and the introduction of BASIX in Sydney in 2004. The use of greenhouse intensive electric instantaneous and electric storage hot water systems has declined significantly with the introduction of BASIX and only a very few certificates now nominate this option. Gas is the most popular hot water system selected in BASIX although solar is gaining in popularity. The proportion of gas hot water systems fell slightly with the expansion of BASIX to the rest of NSW in 2005.

The following section breaks down hot water system types by location.

Figure 28 - Hot water systems Sydney 2004-08

(Appendix Table 45)

For Sydney, the majority of certificates selected gas hot water systems and there was an increase in solar systems. The higher number of gas systems reflects the greater availability of mains gas in Sydney.

A further breakdown of the hot water system sub-categories is shown in the following graph.

Figure 29 - Hot water systems Sydney 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 45)

YEAR

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

Solar (gas boosted)

Solar (electric boosted + timer)

Solar (electric boosted)

Electric heat pump

Gas instantaneous

Gas storage

11%

3%

5%

7%

39%

35%


Figure 30 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08

(Appendix Table 46)

In regional areas, there was an increasing reliance on solar hot water systems although gas systems remained the most popular selection. In comparison to Sydney, heat pumps and solar systems made up a larger proportion, due to the limited availability of reticulated gas supply in many regional areas.

The following graph shows the full breakdown of regional hot water system categories.

Figure 31 - Hot water systems Regional NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 46)

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

SolarHeat pumpGas

YEAR

Solar (gas boosted)



Electric heat pump

Gas instantaneous

Gas storage

55ENERGY

Heating Systems

What types of heating systems are being used in living areas and bedrooms?

69% of BASIX certificates opted for heating in living areas over the reporting years. 3-phase electric reverse cycle airconditioning (a/c) was the most popular, followed by 1 phase a/c and then gas fixed flued heating. 3-phase airconditioning is more efficient than 1-phase airconditioning. Proportions remained fairly constant between 2005-06 and 2007-08.

BASIX recognises only the main active heating system in the living areas and bedrooms of the dwelling. Secondary heating (e.g. a fireplace in addition to airconditioning) is not included. The estimated demand for active heating is calculated from the dwelling characteristics and climate entered in the BASIX Thermal Comfort section. If no heating is selected where there is a heating requirement (load), the dwelling is assumed to use some form of unfixed heating, such as a greenhouse intensive electric bar radiator, and an energy load equivalent to a 1 star air conditioner is applied.

Figure 32 - Heating systems - living areas NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 47)

Solar (gas boosted)


Solar (electric boosted )

Electric heat pump

Gas instantaneous

Gas storage

No active heatingsystem31%

Gas fixed flued heater11%

Gas hydronic system2%

1-phaseairconditioning

15%


30%

Airconditioning ducting only

5%

Electric floor heating<1%

Wood heater6%


53% of BASIX certificates opted for active heating in bedrooms. The most popular selections were the same as for living areas (3-phase electric a/c, 1-phase electric a/c and gas fixed flued).

Figure 33 - Heating systems - bedrooms NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 48)

The following graphs show the breakdown of living area and bedroom heating selections by location over time.

Figure 34 - Heating systems living areas - Sydney 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

No heating system47%

Gas fixed flued heater6%

Gas hydronic system1%


10%


30%

Wood heater<1%

Electric floor heating<1%


6%

No heatingGasAirconditioningAirconditioning ducting onlyWood heater

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

57ENERGY

Figure 35 - Heating systems living areas - Regional NSW 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

In living areas, airconditioning was much more popular in Sydney than in regional areas. Airconditioning has increased in BASIX certificates in Sydney and across NSW. In regional areas, airconditioning increased in proportion to a reduction in no heating, however selecting no heating was more common in regional areas than in Sydney. Gas and wood heating were more popular in regional areas. Airconditioning ducting only reduced overall.

Figure 36 - Heating systems bedrooms - Sydney 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)


PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR


YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%


Figure 37 - Heating systems bedrooms - Regional NSW 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

The main difference in heating selections for bedroom areas was that over half of regional certificates selected no heating, whereas in Sydney the majority selected airconditioning. Airconditioning increased in both areas, while no heating decreased slightly overall. Gas was selected more in regional areas and airconditioning ducting decreased for both locations.

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%


Figure 38 - Example web page from the BASIX energy section

59ENERGY

Cooling Systems

What types of cooling systems are being used in living areas and bedrooms?

67% of dwellings chose a cooling system in living areas. The most popular selections were 3-phase air-conditioning, 1-phase air-conditioning and ceiling fans.

Similar to heating, BASIX estimates a dwelling’s demand for active cooling based on the climate and building information (Thermal Comfort). BASIX certificates that select no cooling where the dwelling has a cooling requirement are assumed to be installing some form of cooling, such as a low star airconditioning system, and a cooling load equivalent to a 1 star air conditioner is applied to the home.

Figure 39 - Cooling systems - living areas NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 49)


6%

No activecooling system

30%


14%


30%

Ceiling fans + 3-phaseairconditioning

1%


3%

Ceiling fans 11%

Evaporative cooling5%


In bedrooms, about 64% of certificates chose a cooling system, with 3-phase air-conditioning being the most popular, followed by ceiling fans.

Figure 40 - Cooling systems - living areas NSW 2005-08 average

(Appendix Table 50)

The following graphs show the breakdown of living area and bedroom cooling selections by location over time.

Figure 41 - Cooling systems living areas - Sydney 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

No activecooling system

36%

Ceiling fans 12%


6%


9%


29%


1%


2% Evaporative cooling5%

YEAR

No cooling systemCeiling fanEvaporative coolingCeiling fan + airconditioningAirconditioningAirconditioning ducting only

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

61ENERGY

Figure 42 - Cooling systems living areas - Regional NSW 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

In living areas, airconditioning made up the majority of cooling selections and increased over time in both Sydney and regional areas. No cooling made up a greater proportion of regional certificates and was the second most popular selection overall, however across the three years there was a slight decrease in certificates selecting no cooling. Ceiling fans and evaporative cooling were more common in regional areas than in Sydney.

Figure 43 - Cooling systems bedrooms - Sydney 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

YEAR

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%


PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR



Figure 44 - Cooling systems bedrooms - Regional NSW 2005-08

(Appendix Table 51)

Cooling system selections showed that the majority of new Sydney dwellings opt to install airconditioning in bedrooms whereas for bedrooms in regional areas, the largest proportion of dwellings selected no cooling in bedrooms. Overall, no cooling decreased slightly, while airconditioning increased. Evaporative cooling and ceiling fans were more popular in regional areas than in Sydney.

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

No cooling system

Ceiling fan

Evaporative cooling

Ceiling fan + airconditioning

Airconditioning


YEAR

63ENERGY

Pool and Spa Energy

How are pools and spas being heated?

An average of 9% of new dwelling certificates included a pool and 1% included a spa in 2005-08. Over one third of pools were heated. The most popular type of pool heating was solar heating without gas or electric boosting. Virtually all pools and spas opted for a timer on the pump to control energy use.

A breakdown of pool heating systems shown as ‘other’ in Figure 45 below is detailed in Table 19.

Figure 45 - Pool heating systems NSW average 2005-08

(Appendix Table 52)

Table 19

‘Other’ pool heating systems (% certificates with a pool) 2005-08 average

Solar (gas boosted) 3%

Solar (electric boosted) <1%

Gas 1%

Electric heat pump <1%

Electric resistance 0%

(Appendix Table 52)

No heating60%

Other5%

Solar only35%


Over half of new dwelling spas were heated, with the most popular type of spa heating system being solar, as shown in the following breakdown of spa heating systems by type.

Figure 46 - Spa heating systems NSW average 2005-08

(Appendix Table 53)

No heating30%

Solar (gas boosted)35%


5%

Gas 7%

Electric heat pump9%

Electric resistance3%

65ENERGY

Cooking Selections

What types of cooking selections are being chosen?

The most popular cooking selection made on BASIX certificates in all areas is a gas cook top with an electric oven. The most greenhouse intensive choice of electric cook top has declined slightly between the reporting years and is a more popular selection in regional NSW compared to Sydney due to gas mains availability.

Inductions cook tops were recognised in BASIX from 2007-08 and only made up a very small proportion of cooking selections

Figure 47 - Cooking selections NSW average 2005-08

(Appendix Table 54)

Figure 48 - Cooking selections Sydney 2004-08

(Appendix Table 54)

In Sydney, electric cook tops with electric ovens have continued to decrease from 2005-06. However, the option with the least greenhouse gas emissions, gas cook tops with gas ovens, have also decreased from the introduction of BASIX in 2004 to 2005-06 and then remained constant. This may be due in part to the declining availability of affordable gas ovens. Gas cook tops with electric ovens remain the most popular cooking selection in Sydney.

Gas cook top, electric oven

59%

Gas cook top and gas oven

10%

Electric cook top and electric oven

30%

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

Gas cook top and electric oven



Wood combustion cooktop and oven

Induction cooktop and electric oven


Figure 49 - Cooking selections Regional NSW average 2005-08

(Appendix Table 54)

In regional areas, gas cook tops with electric ovens have increased in proportion to the decrease in electric cook tops with electric ovens. Gas cook tops with electric ovens make up the majority of cooking selections in regional areas.

Gas cook top and electric oven



Wood combustion cooktop and oven

Induction cooktop and electric oven

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

67ENERGY

Alternative Energy

How many BASIX certificates are nominating a PV system?

BASIX includes the option to select a photovoltaic (PV) electricity-generating system. 3% of 2007-08 certificates selected a PV system (up from 1% in 2005-06). Over two thirds of certificates nominating a PV system were located in regional NSW areas.

Figure 50 - Number of certificates installing a PV system NSW 2004-08

(Appendix Table 55)

The number of certificates reflects commitments made not actual PV systems.

The average power output for PV systems increased slightly from 2.35 kW (average peak) in 2005-06 to 2.87 kW in 2006-07. In 2007-08 the average power output was 2.28 kW.

NU

MB

ER

OF

CE

RTI

FIC

ATE

S

% O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

(AP

PR

OX

)

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

3%

0%

1%

2%

YEAR


Lighting

Where is energy efficient lighting being installed?

Energy efficient lighting is growing in popularity on BASIX certificates. The majority of certificates committed to rooms primarily lit with energy efficient lighting in the kitchen, bathroom, laundry, toilets and hallways. Bedrooms and living room selections also increased due to the increase in the range of lighting options such as lEDs.

In 2005 BASIX introduced the option of nominating rooms with dedicated energy efficient fittings. This option has risen in popularity with 42% of certificates in 2007-08 selecting dedicated fittings in the living areas, up from 37% in 2005-06 (see Appendix Table 48).

Approximately 70% of certificates committed to natural lighting for kitchens and virtually all certificates committed to natural lighting for bathrooms as part of the design. (See Appendix Table 57)

Figure 51 - Energy efficient lighting NSW 2004-08 (rooms primarily lit by energy efficient lamps)

(Appendix Table 56)

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

Bedrooms

Living rooms

Kitchen

Other rooms

thermal comfort

Compliance method selection 74

Simulation method inputs 75

DIY method inputs 78

71THERMAL COMFORT

Thermal ComfortThe aims and outcomes of Thermal Comfort To ensure thermal comfort for a dwelling’s occupants appropriate to the climate and season

To provide the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from artificial cooling and heating through good building design and use of appropriate construction materials

To reduce the demand for new, or upgraded, energy infrastructure by managing peak demand for energy required for cooling and heating

There are three methods available to demonstrate compliance with Thermal Comfort requirements:

1. Simulation method - using this method applicants need to engage an Accredited Assessor who will simulate thermal performance of the dwelling with an approved tool (eg. NatHERS v2.32A).

2. Do-it-yourself (DIY) method – the DIY method sets minimum insulation levels and allows flexibility in designing your dwelling’s glazing and shading (commenced in December 2005).

3. Rapid method - Rapid is a quick compliance method aimed at simple single storey, (usually) brick veneer dwellings common in regional NSW and parts of Sydney.

The Thermal Comfort section doesn’t have a single benchmark. Instead, an appropriate target is set for each climate zone.

The DIY and Rapid methods allow a user to complete the Thermal Comfort section by entering house design details directly into BASIX online. The Simulation method is typically used for more complex designs and requires an accredited ABSA19 assessor to complete this task.

Simulation Method

The Simulation method requires an ABSA Accredited Assessor to simulate the thermal performance of the home with an approved House Energy Rating Software (e.g. NatHERS, FirstRate, BERS20). This Software assesses the building’s thermal performance and generates heating and cooling thermal loads (measured in MJ per m2 per year). These loads are then entered into the Thermal Comfort section of the BASIX on-line tool.

Thermal load refers to the amount of energy required to heat or cool the home to achieve a comfortable internal temperature. The building design, the amount of roof and wall insulation, the amount of glazing and how well it is shaded all affect the likely thermal load. The lower the load, the more the house can maintain comfortable conditions for the occupants without the need for summer airconditioning or winter heating.

In BASIX 2005-08, the Simulation method set a maximum total (heating & cooling combined) load to ensure a reasonable annual thermal performance. BASIX also set a maximum cooling load to ensure an acceptable summer performance and a separate maximum heating load for winter comfort. These maximum loads are adjusted for different locations, in recognition of the different climatic conditions and the extent to which house design can be expected to maintain levels of comfort throughout the year.

19. Association of Building Sustainability Assessors 20. These have sometimes been inaccurately described as House Energy Rating tools, creating confusion as to how the

results should be interpreted. They only assess the home’s thermal performance and don’t include energy use from any appliances.


These limits are placed to ensure the building fabric has a sufficient level of performance for its lifetime, regardless of the space heating and cooling appliances that will be installed over this period. The cooling and heating loads also influence the predicted cooling and heating energy load on the Energy page.

Smaller homes tend to have a higher surface area which can increase their heat gain and loss, increasing their thermal loads. larger buildings may have better thermal performance but generally use more energy on an absolute basis. To balance these factors and ensure all homes have appropriate thermal design features, the Simulation Method adjusts the maximum loads according to the floor area of the home.

DIY Method

This method sets minimum insulation levels for roof, walls and floor based on the construction materials selected (brick, timber, concrete etc.). It then allows flexibility in designing a dwelling’s glazing and shading.

In this method, designers need to:

describe the dwelling’s construction types (for floors, walls, ceiling and roof),

commit to minimum insulation levels, and

ensure glazing and shading is appropriate to the climate zone.

To pass Thermal Comfort using this method, the heating and cooling loads must be below the maximum loads (as calculated by BASIX based on the climate zone).

A cross ventilation “bonus” can be used to decrease the cooling load for a dwelling.

73THERMAL COMFORT

Rapid Method

Rapid is a quick compliance method aimed at simple single storey, (usually) brick veneer dwellings common in regional NSW and parts of Sydney.

It provides a set of easy-to-understand criteria which allows a ‘rapid’ Pass in Thermal Comfort, avoiding the need to engage a consultant. The insulation levels and eave projections differ depending on the postcode (climate zone).

For a dwelling to comply with BASIX Thermal Comfort requirements under the Rapid method, the following conditions must be met:

The dwelling is a single storey dwelling

The dwelling has a slab on ground floor or, if the floor is suspended, it meets the minimum insulation requirements

Walls are brick veneer, weatherboard or fibre-cement

Walls meet minimum insulation requirements

All windows and glazed doors are below eaves that project at least 600 millimetres (including gutter width)

Eaves are no more than 500 millimetres above window or glazed door heads

Ceilings meet minimum insulation requirements

The roof has sarking or two wind-driven ventilators with eave and/or roof vents

The total window and glazed door area does not exceed the maximum allowed

Skylights Cross ventilationGlazingInsulationConstructiondetails

Constructiontype

?

g

Project portfolio u Address & type u Details u Water u Thermal Comfort u Energy u Summary u Certificate

Floor types

Select the construction type for all parts of the dwelling that are included in the conditioned and unconditioned floor area.Ignore parts of the dwelling that are external, such as decks or external walls of garages.

Select all that apply. More information on combination types.

Concrete slab on ground Suspended floor/open subfloor Suspended floor/enclosed subfloor Suspended floor above garage

Ceiling and roof types

Flat ceiling and pitched roof Raked ceiling/Pitched or Skillion roof Flat ceiling/Flat roof

Do you have internal walls shared with garage? Yes No

Wall types

Wall type 1

Wall type 2

Wall type 3

Wall type 4External walls

Internal walls

? ?

Thermal comfort u Do-it-yourself (DIY)

Do-it-yourself (DIY) u Status

>>

>>

Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No

Yes No Yes No Yes No

bedroom

Figure 52 - Example of web page for construction details section under Thermal Comfort tab


Compliance Method Selection

What thermal comfort tools are being used?

Figure 53 - Thermal comfort method selection NSW average 2005-08

(Appendix Table 58)

*DIY introduced in December 2005, 2005-06 totals from December 2005 – June 2006

The use of the DIY method has picked up strongly since it was introduced, from a 29% share of certificates in 2005-06 (when DIY was available for only the second half of the reporting period) to 39% in 2006-07 and 45% in 2007-08.

The use of the Rapid method has declined from 10% to 7%, probably due to DIY being available with greater design flexibility.

The Simulation method was more popular in Sydney than for the rest of NSW as the following graphs show. DIY increased in popularity in both locations and particularly in regional areas, where DIY made up the majority of certificates in 2007-08.

Figure 54 - Thermal Comfort Method Selection Sydney 2005-08

(Appendix Table 59)

*DIY introduced in December 2005

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

DIY

Simulation

Rapid

DIY Method34%

Simulation Method57%

Rapid Method9%

75THERMAL COMFORT

Figure 55 - Thermal Comfort Method Selection Regional 2005-08

(Appendix Table 59)*DIY introduced in December 2005

Simulation Method InputsWhat is the star rating of a BASIX home?

Buildings that cannot be described using the DIY method, use the Simulation method. The Simulation method requires an accredited assessor.

Compared to the NatHERS V2.32A Star Bands, BASIX requires dwellings to meet the equivalent of four stars in Thermal Comfort. However unlike the star bands, BASIX requires compliance for both heating and cooling loads, meaning that at least one will usually exceed compliance. As shown in the actual thermal loads achieved in Appendix Tables 68-70, BASIX certificates are on the whole exceeding four stars. These results show that single dwellings in NSW are being designed to achieve close to five stars.

The following graph illustrates the performance of simulation certificates in comparison to the NatHERS Star Bands. BASIX dwellings are required to meet the equivalent of four stars or better. The actual thermal load scores are close to five stars and show that BASIX homes are being designed more efficiently.

Figure 56 - Simulation method performance 2005-08

PE

RC

EN

TAG

E O

F C

ER

TIFI

CAT

ES

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

YEAR

NatHERS STAR RATING

Required BASIX Cap

Average Score Achieved


Heating and cooling load compliance

The following tables show the different thermal comfort climate zones by year and the average proportion that certificates are achieving below (better than) the maximum cooling and heating loads.

Table 20

Simulation cooling load compliance - average % better than required cooling cap

Climate regions Location example 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

8 Moree 17 10 19

9 Amberley 21 23 23

10 Tweed Heads 19 24 22

11 Coffs Harbour 23 25 24

14 Armidale 20 26 28

15 Williamtown 18 21 23

17 Sydney 26 26 27

18 Nowra 27 31 28

20 Wagga 26 27 32

24 Canberra Airport 43 46 41

27 Mildura 19 20 25

28 Richmond 28 30 33

Average 27 29 30

(Zone 25, Cabramurra, has no cooling cap)

(Appendix Table 70-72)

Table 21

Simulation heating load compliance - average % better than required heating cap

Climate regions Location example 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

8 Moree 30 39 29

9 Amberley 42 45 40

10 Tweed Heads 43 50 47

11 Coffs Harbour 25 28 29

14 Armidale 22 23 24

15 Williamtown 25 27 28

17 Sydney 20 21 22

18 Nowra 19 19 21

20 Wagga 16 17 17

24 Canberra Airport 12 14 14

25 Cabramurra 30 27 33

27 Mildura 23 30 27

28 Richmond 24 26 26

Average 22 23 24


77THERMAL COMFORT

Cross ventilation

Approximately 10% of Simulation method certificates claimed a cross ventilation bonus and of those that did, most selected a breeze path in the living area. Significantly fewer certificates using the simulation method claimed a cross ventilation bonus compared to those using the DIY method.

An Assessor must certify the dwelling as having the required shading for cross ventilation when the Simulation method is used.

Table 22

Simulation cross ventilation breeze path – (% total selections)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No breeze path 87.9 89.2 90.4

living room cross vent only 5.7 5.2 4.7

Bedroom only 2.2 2.2 1.9

living and bedroom 2.6 2.2 1.8

living and bedroom and other space 1.7 1.3 1.2

Suspended floor concession

Only about 5% of simulation method certificates claimed the suspended floor concession. Site slope was the key reason nominated for the suspended floor concessions.

Table 23

Simulation suspended floor concession – (% total selections)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No concession claimed 95.0 96.2 96.3

Site slope > 10% beneath ground floor 4.1 3.3 3.0

Dwelling located in flood-prone area 0.8 0.5 0.5

Dwelling in mine subsidence area n/a 0.1 0.2


DIY Method InputsDIY is suitable for the majority of standard house types and designs. A more complex house design using unique materials may need to use the Simulation method.

Floor type

The type of floor has a large impact on the thermal performance of a home, and hence floor type influences the glazing stringency of the home and also determines the required insulation levels for suspended floors.

The most commonly selected floor type for DIY dwellings for both reporting periods was concrete slab on ground. There was minimal change in proportions between the reporting years.

Table 24

DIY type of floor construction – (% DIY certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Concrete slab on ground 77.7 80.3 90.5

Suspended floor/open subfloor 10.9 10.2 11.9

Suspended floor/enclosed subfloor 22.2 20.3 22.6

Suspended floor above garage 21.8 22.1 25.0

Due to the fact that more than one floor type can be selected, proportions do not add up to 100%.

The suspended floor concession is granted to suspended floors where the site slope is greater than 10%. This concession increases the maximum thermal loads (MJ per m2 per year) allowed for the home in recognition of the lower thermal performance of homes with suspended floors.

Just over 12% of DIY certificates nominated a suspended floor concession. The most common reason was the site slope.

Table 25

DIY suspended floor concession – (% DIY certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No concession claimed 85.8 86.7 87.7

Site slope > 10% below floor 11.6 10.5 9.3

Dwelling in flood prone area 2.6 2.1 2.3

Dwelling in mine subsidence area n/a 0.7 0.7

Figure 57 - Examples of DIY floor construction options

Figure 58 - Examples of DIY suspended floor construction options

79THERMAL COMFORT

Wall type

Applicants are required to enter the primary wall type for their dwelling. This information is used to calculate the required wall insulation to be added.

The most common external wall type for both reporting periods was brick veneer. There was little change in proportion between years.

Table 26

DIY external wall type – (% DIY certificates) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Brick veneer 50.7 52.2 53.7

Framed (weatherboard, fibre-cement, metal clad)

27.3 29.0 27.1

Cavity brick 10.7 8.2 8.8

Concrete block/plasterboard 2.4 2.5 2.2

Concrete panel/plasterboard 0.7 0.8 0.4

Single skin autoclaved aerated concrete AAC 0.6 0.8 0.7

AAC veneer 2.2 2.1 1.9

AAC external, brick internal 0.1 0.1 0.2

Reverse brick veneer 0.5 0.4 0.7

Mudbrick or rammed earth 0.8 0.9 0.8

Insulated concrete form (ICF) 0.4 0.4 0.5

External insulated façade system (EIFS) 1.5 1.2 1.5

Other/undecided 1.9 1.4 1.5

Roof and ceiling type

Roof type and colour information is used to determine ceiling and roof insulation requirements.

The colour of the roof has an impact on the temperature of the roof space and the temperature inside the dwelling even with roof and/or ceiling insulation. The colour range is defined by solar absorption (SA) which is a measure of the amount of heat transferred through the roof. A lighter colour roof will reflect more heat than a dark roof and will keep the roof space and dwelling cooler on a hot day.

There was an increase in DIY certificates with dark roofs from 27% in 2005-06 to 31% in 2007-08. light coloured roofs accounted for 24% of houses in 2007-08, down from 28% in 2005-06.

Table 27

DIY roof colour selection – (% total roof colour selections)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Light 27.9 22.4 24.3

Medium 44.8 44.1 44.0

Dark 27.3 33.5 31.8


Flat ceilings and pitched roofs made up the majority of ceiling and roof type selections.

Table 28

DIY ceiling and roof types – (% DIY certificates) 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Flat ceiling and pitched roof 84.5 86.1 81.1

Raked ceiling and pitched roof 22.5 22.8 23.1

Flat ceiling and flat roof or skillion roof 6.5 5.1 5.8

Due to the fact that more than one roof type can be selected, proportions do not add up to 100%.

Cross ventilation

BASIX rewards cross ventilation due to its potential to maintain comfortable conditions and reduce the likelihood of airconditioning use in the dwelling. The bonus can be claimed in either the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) or Simulation methods.

Once an applicant has described a complying breeze path to BASIX, the dwelling will be allowed a higher maximum cooling score, therefore allowing more glazing.

Designs need to have the required shading for the glazed areas to be able to claim the cross ventilation bonus.

Approximately a quarter of DIY certificates claimed the cross ventilation bonus in 2006-07 and 2007-08. Fewer DIY certificates claimed the cross ventilation bonus in 2006-07, compared to 2005-06. living areas were the most common rooms with a breeze path.

Table 29

DIY cross ventilation breeze paths – (% total selections)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No breeze path 60.8 71.8 71.7

living room cross vent only 16.2 12.3 12.2

Bedroom only 8.8 6.5 6.5

living and bedroom 8.6 5.5 5.6

living and bedroom and other space 5.6 3.9 3.9

Glazing - Glass and Frame Type

Glazing and window shading can have a large impact on a home’s thermal comfort. Shading and the use of performance glass are encouraged by BASIX.

BASIX calculates the heating and cooling impact of each window, glazed door and skylight, depending on the orientation, area, glazing type, shading and overshadowing. The cumulative impact is then used (along with the construction type details) to estimate the home’s heating and cooling loads.

The average total area of glazing for a BASIX house in 2007-08 was 47.6m2, up from 44.7m2 in 2005-06 and 2006-07.

DIY BASIX homes over 2005-08 had a high proportion of North facing glazing as seen in the graph below.

81THERMAL COMFORT

Figure 59 - Proportion of total glazing area NSW 2005-08


Frame type and glass types are shown in the following graphs. Aluminium frames and single clear glass makes up the majority of glazing in 2005-08 certificates.

The distinction between a standard and improved aluminium frame is performance based. Improved frames have a lower U-value. The lower the U-value the better the window unit will resist heat flow in and out of the window. This distinction allows window manufacturers to have products that meet the U-value criteria with a range of design and construction options. Many popular aluminium windows will meet the improved performance level.

Figure 60 - Frame type NSW 2005-08 total glazing area


Traditionally, double glazing and performance glazing has only been used in cold climates to deal with significant heat loss. Modern house designs have far more glass than traditional houses and even accounting for the increase in floor area are subject to greater heat loss and gain. If standard glass is used, this heat transfer through glass means more heating is needed in winter and more cooling is needed in summer compared to older homes. large areas of single untinted glass can also create glare, resulting in an uncomfortable living environment.

Timber frame10%

Improvedaluminium frame

32%

Aluminium frame58%


Double glazing is one way of compensating for the increased heat flow from large glass areas. It can substantially reduce heat loss in cooler months and can have a beneficial impact in summer to reduce conductive heat gain from outside.

Figure 61 - Glass type double/single comparison NSW 2005-08 total glazing area


Performance glass is an industry term for ‘toned’ or ‘tinted’ body-coloured glass that reduces heat gain and/or glare. The heat gain control component is the important factor for BASIX. Older types of tinted glass generally had to be darker to control heat but modern body-tinted glass can help control heat without cutting much visible light so a house is cooler but not dark. The performance of the glass is expressed as Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC). The SHGC (lower is better) and visibility figures (higher is more visible) are available for most glass types.

Figure 62 - Glass type clear/tinted comparison NSW 2005-08 total glazing area


There has been an increase in the use of performance glass and improved aluminium frames as shown through the decline in single clear aluminium glazing (see Figure 49). These results show that BASIX dwellings are being designed with more efficient windows.

Single glass86%

Double glazing15%

Clear glass78%

Performance glass(toned/pyrolytic low-e)

21%

83THERMAL COMFORT

Figure 63 - Single clear aluminium glazing NSW 2004-08


YEAR

PR

OP

OR

TIO

N O

F TO

TAL

GLA

ZIN

G A

RE

A100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%


Glazing – Shading Device Type

Providing adequate shading to windows/glazed doors in summer will reduce a dwelling’s cooling load. This will be essential in warm climates, but in cool and cold climates exposure to winter sun can reduce heating loads.

The effect on thermal loads will depend on the size of the window, type of device, orientation and other overshadowing. The heating load may also increase if shading prevents exposure to winter sun, so in some cases there will be a need to design the shading to balance heating and cooling loads.

Selecting an adjustable shading device will reduce the cooling load but keep the heating load at the same level because BASIX assumes it is used in summer but drawn back in winter to permit solar gain.

The following shading devices are available:

Eaves, balconies, verandahs of various projections

Pergolas of various projections

Awning of various projections – fixed or adjustable

Vertical external louvre/blind – fixed or adjustable

There are specifications that apply to each shading device. The specifications will appear on the BASIX Certificate.

Shading devices such as eave overhangs, verandahs, pergolas or balconies remain the most popular shading method, with vertical external louvres or blinds (fixed or adjustable) making up only 7% of selections and adjustable louvres or awnings making up less than 3%. (2005-08 average)

84% of window area has some form of shading device. (2005-08 average)

Figure 64 - Examples of DIY shading options

85THERMAL COMFORT

Glazing – Overshadowing

Overshadowing is selected if there is an obstruction directly in front of the centre of the base of the window in plan and elevation.

Overshadowing can still be used if there is a bare tree trunk in front of the window and the canopy is above the plane of the window. The Simulation method can be used if there is a large obstruction offset to the side overshadowing the window(s).

Selecting overshadowing will increase the estimated heating load and reduce the cooling loads to different degrees depending on the level of obstruction and climate zone.

11% of window area has some form of overshadowing. (2005-08 average)

Due to the complexities of the glazing options for glass and frame type, shading, overshadowing and orientation, detailed glazing data has been provided in Appendix tables 61-69.

appendices

list of Tables and figures 89

Tables 91

Calculations 115

Glossary 116

References 120

89APPENDICES

List of Tables and Figures

WATER

Table 30 Alternative water sources ....................91

Table 31 Growth of alternative water supplies .........................................91

Table 32 Rainwater tank connections ..............91

Table 33 Greywater connections........................92

Table 34 Stormwater tank connections ...........92

Table 35 Rainwater tank volume NSW .............92

Table 36 Rainwater tank volume by location ..93

Table 37 Greywater systems by location .........93

Table 38 Greywater system types by location ................................................93

Table 39 Stormwater tank volume NSW ..........93

Table 40 landscape and Indigenous planting area (m2) ...................................94

Table 41 Pools and spas NSW ...........................94

Table 42 Water efficient fixtures NSW ..............94

Table 43 On-demand hot water recirculation systems ............................95

ENERGYTable 44 Hot water system types NSW ...........95

Table 45 Hot water system types Sydney .......95

Table 46 Hot water system types Regional ....96

Table 47 Heating systems living areas NSW ..96

Table 48 Heating systems bedrooms NSW ....96

Table 49 Cooling systems living areas NSW ..97

Table 50 Cooling systems bedrooms NSW ....97

Table 51 Heating and Cooling systems by location ................................................98

Table 52 Pools NSW ...............................................99

Table 53 Spas NSW ............................................. 100

Table 54 Cooking selections ............................. 100

Table 55 Photovoltaic electricity-generating systems NSW ....................................... 100

Table 56 lighting NSW ....................................... 101

Table 57 Natural lighting NSW ......................... 101

THERMAL COMFORTTable 58 Thermal comfort method

selection NSW ..................................... 102

Table 59 Thermal comfort method selection by location .......................... 102

Table 60 DIY - Total glazing area by orientation (m2) ............................... 102

Table 61 2005-06 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and glass and frame selection NSW ..................................... 103



Table 64 2005-06 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and shading device selection NSW ..................................... 106

Tabel 65 2006-07 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and shading device selection NSW ..................................... 107

Table 66 2007-08 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and shading device selection NSW ..................................... 108

Table 67 2005-06 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and overshadowing selection NSW ..................................... 109

Table 68 2006-07 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and overshadowing selection NSW ...................................... 110

Table 69 2007-08 Total glazing areas (m2) by orientation and overshadowing selection NSW ...................................... 111

Table 70 2005-06 Simulation certificates NSW

................................................................... 112


................................................................... 112


................................................................... 113

91APPENDICES

AppendicesWater

Table 30

Alternative water sources (% BASIX certificates that included an alternative water source)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2005-08 average

Other 2.6 2.2 0.02 1.6

Rainwater tank only 84.6 84.0 85.8 84.8

Stormwater tank only 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3

Reticulated recycled water only 5.0 4.6 5.1 4.9

Greywater treatment/ diversion only 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2

Private dam only 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1

Combinations 6.6 8.9 8.7 8.1

Table 31

Growth of alternative water supplies (% BASIX certificates)

NSW Sydney only

NSW NSW NSW

% of pre-BASIX existing homes

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Rainwater tank 12.0 89.2 91.1 96.4 95.8

Stormwater tank 6.2 2.6 4.4 4.6

Grey water 4.1 4.2 7.4 6.7

Recycled water 10.7 5.0 4.8 6.1

Table 32

Rainwater tank connections (% Rainwater certificates)

2004-05 (Sydney only)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Garden 98.3 93.2 94.4 93.6

Toilet 87.1 87.8 90.2 89.6

laundry 59.3 73.4 79.9 81.3

Hot water n/a 13.9 15.3 16.0

All of house n/a 13.9 14.5 15.0


Table 33

Greywater connections (% Greywater certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Garden** 93.7 98.6 94.9

Toilet* 14.5 15.4 20.2

laundry* 6.1 6.3 7.2

**Greywater diversion and treatment combined *Greywater treatment only

Table 34

Stormwater tank connections (% Stormwater certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Garden 76.9 92.1 73.2

Toilet 20.5 24.0 19.4

laundry 13.6 15.8 9.9

Table 35

Rainwater tank volume NSW (% Rainwater tank certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

>0-2,000l 8.3 7.7 7.0

2,001-3,000l 20.4 21.6 21.8

3,001-4,000l 11.5 12.1 12.0

4,001-5,000l 28.1 24.5 23.0

5,001-10,000l 15.6 16.6 18.0

10,001-50,000l 11.4 11.8 12.8

>50,000l 4.8 5.5 5.3

93APPENDICES

Table 36

Rainwater tank volume by location (% Rainwater tank certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Regional

>0-2,000l 6.0 6.8 5.0

2,001-3,000l 14.1 16.8 16.8

3,001-4,000l 8.5 10.5 10.2

4,001-5,000l 30.3 26.8 25.3

5,001-10,000l 17.4 16.8 18.0

10,001-50,000l 16.6 15.1 17.3

>50,000l 7.1 7.2 7.4

Sydney

>0-2,000l 11.6 9.9 10.8

2,001-3,000l 29.8 33.1 31.5

3,001-4,000l 16.1 16.0 15.5

4,001-5,000l 24.7 19.3 18.4

5,001-10,000l 12.8 16.2 18.0

10,001-50,000l 3.6 4.0 4.3

>50,000l 1.4 1.5 1.4

Table 37

Greywater systems by location (% Greywater certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Regional NSW 77.5 82.4 77.8

Sydney 22.5 17.6 22.2

Table 38

Greywater system types by location (% Greywater certificates)

Sydney Sydney Regional Regional

Diversion Treatment Diversion Treatment

2005-06 46.5 53.5 34.2 65.8

2006-07 39.4 60.6 37.0 63.0

2007-08 52.2 47.8 56.4 43.6

Table 39

Stormwater tank volume NSW (% Stormwater certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

>0-2,000l 28.5 25.4 22.9

2,001-6,000l 38.4 35.5 38.2

6,001-10,000l 13.3 16.5 21.0

10,001-20,000l 11.0 14.7 8.9

>20,001 8.7 7.9 9.1


Table 40

Landscape and Indigenous planting area (m2)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Average 2005-08

Total indigenous planting Sydney

307,882 168,521 246,996 241,133

Total landscape area Sydney

2,585,686 1,613,005 2,362,305 2,186,999

Total indigenous planting regional

807,445 663,407 872,327 781,060

Total landscape area regional

4,875,478 4,410,711 5,558,975 4,948,388

Total indigenous planting all NSW

1,115,327 831,929 1,119,323 1,022,193

Total landscape area all NSW

7,461,163 6,023,716 7,921,280 7,135,387

Table 41

Pools and spas NSW (% BASIX certificates)

Pools 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Certificates installing a pool 8.9 7.3 9.5

Proportion of pools with cover 80.8 80.5 77.2

Proportion of pools with shade 23.6 20.9 13.9

Average volume of pools (kl) 42.0 44.2 44.1

Spas 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Certificates installing a spa 1.0 0.7 1.2

Proportion of spas with cover 90.7 92.0 86.2

Proportion of spas with shade n/a 42.0 35.0

Average volume of spas (kl) 3.8 3.8 3.6

Table 42

Water efficient fixtures NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Toilets

less than 3 star 3.4 2.0 1.9

3 star 79.4 71.0 71.1

4 star and above 16.7 27.0 27.0

Kitchen taps


3 star 78.7 75.2 71.4

4 star and above 12.7 24.8 28.6

Bathroom taps


3 star 72.5 73.8 74.4

4 star and above 16.1 26.2 25.6

95APPENDICES

Table 43

On-demand hot water recirculation systems (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

5.0 4.6 5.7

Energy

Table 44

Hot water system types NSW (% BASIX certificates)

NSW Sydney only

NSW NSW NSW

% of pre-BASIX existing homes

2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Solar 3.0 14.9 21.1 26.4 30.6

Heat pump 0.0 7.0 13.3 11.3 10.1

Gas 26.0 78.1 63.9 61.9 58.8

Electric 67.0 0.1 1.8 0.3 0.3

Other (wood etc) 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2

Table 45

Hot water system types Sydney (% BASIX certificates)

2005-07 2006-07 2007-08

Solar (gas boosted) 5.8 10.6 15.0

Solar (electric boosted + timer) 1.5 5.2 2.5

Solar (electric boosted) 5.0 2.8 6.3

Electric heat pump 8.1 7.3 6.3

Gas instantaneous 34.3 41.2 42.6

Gas storage 43.5 32.9 27.3

Wood combustion 0.0 0.0 0.0

Electric instantaneous 1.1 0.1

Electric storage 0.6 0.02 0.01


Table 46

Hot water system types Regional (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08


Solar (electric boosted + timer) 4.0 18.3 19.6



Gas instantaneous 30.1 36.2 35.9

Gas storage 23.0 20.1 16.8


Electric instantaneous 1.1 0.3 0.2

Electric storage 0.7 0.2 0.2

Table 47

Heating systems living areas NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No active heating system 30.7 31.7 29.0

Gas fixed flued heater 11.1 10.9 10.7

Gas hydronic system 1.8 1.8 1.5

1-phase airconditioning 13.0 15.9 15.4


Airconditioning ducting only 9.1 3.4 4.0

Electric floor heating 0.4 0.2 0.2

Wood heater 5.5 6.1 7.5

Table 48

Heating systems bedrooms NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No heating system 47.1 48.2 45.8

Gas fixed flued heater 5.1 6.2 6.0

Gas hydronic system 0.8 0.8 1.0




Electric floor heating 0.3 0.2 0.3


97APPENDICES

Table 49

Cooling systems living areas NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No active cooling system 32.2 31.6 28.0

Ceiling fans 9.6 11.3 12.7

Evaporative cooling 4.6 5.4 5.1

Ceiling fans + 1-phase airconditioning

1.9 2.5 3.2


1.1 1.3 1.6




Table 50

Cooling systems bedrooms NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No active cooling system 38.3 37.6 33.1

Ceiling fans 10.3 12.3 13.7



1.2 1.8 2.5


1.2 1.3 1.5





Table 51

Heating and Cooling systems by location (% BASIX certificates)

Heating living areas -Sydney

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No heating 21.5 23.0 21.4

Gas 7.8 6.1 6.3

Airconditioning 53.3 62.2 62.5



Heating living areas - Regional

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No heating 37.4 35.8 33.9

Gas 16.6 15.7 15.4




Heating bedrooms - Sydney

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No heating 27.8 29.1 27.6

Gas 2.2 1.3 1.6




Heating bedrooms - Regional

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No heating 61.2 57.1 55.6

Gas 8.6 9.6 9.8




Cooling living areas - Sydney

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

No cooling system 22.5 22.2 19.9

Ceiling fan 3.0 4.2 5.9


Ceiling fan + airconditioning 2.0 2.7 1.6



99APPENDICES

Cooling living areas - Regional

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08


Ceiling fan 14.4 14.6 16.5





Cooling bedroom – Sydney

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08


Ceiling fan 3.6 4.7 6.0





Cooling bedroom – Regional

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08


Ceiling fan 15.1 15.8 18.0





Table 52

Pools NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Proportion of certificates with a pool 8.9 7.3 9.5

Pool pump controlled by timer 97.2 99.2 99.0

Type of pool heating system

No heating 61.0 61.2 56.3

Solar only 32.5 34.9 38.0



Gas 1.7 0.6 1.1


Electric resistance 0.0 0.0 0.0


Table 53

Spas NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Proportion of certificates with a spa 1.0 0.5 1.2

Spa pump controlled by timer 99.4 98.2 98.5

Type of spa heating system

No heating 37.4 43.8 42.3



Gas 8.4 6.3 6.9


Electric resistance 2.8 3.6 1.2

Table 54

Cooking selections (% BASIX certificates)

NSW 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Gas cook top, electric oven 56.9 59.9 61.1

Gas cook top and gas oven 10.4 9.3 10.3

Electric cook top and electric oven 32.6 30.6 28.1


Sydney





Regional





101APPENDICES

Table 55

Photovoltaic Electricity-Generating Systems NSW

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

PV (average peak kW) 2.35 2.87 2.28

Table 56

Lighting NSW (% BASIX certificates)

Rooms primarily* lit by energy efficient lamps

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Bedrooms 23.8 38.6 50.0

living rooms 21.4 28.8 44.1

Kitchen 45.1 62.1 64.1

Bathroom/toilets 43.7 61.2 64.7

laundry 44.8 64.5 69.3

Hallways 44.0 63.2 66.2

Dedicated** energy efficient fittings

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Bedrooms 38.3 41.9 43.3

living rooms 37.5 40.7 42.0

Kitchen 38.2 41.7 42.3

Bathroom/toilets 37.8 41.4 42.6

laundry 38.8 43.6 45.2

Hallways 36.9 41.4 43.2

* Primary type of artificial lighting in relation to a room or area, means that at least 80% of light fittings in that room or area are of that type, including the main light fitting.

** Dedicated, means a light fitting that is only capable of accepting fluorescent or lED (light Emitting Diode) lamps. It will not accept incandescent, halogen or any other non-fluorescent or non-lED lamps.

Table 57

Natural Lighting NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Kitchen 71.7 72.2 68.4

Bathroom 97.4 98.1 95.0


Thermal Comfort

Table 58

Thermal comfort method selection NSW (% BASIX certificates)

2005-06 (from Dec 05) 2006-07 2007-08

Rapid Method 10.1 8.7 7.4

DIY Method 29.3 38.9 45.1

Simulation Method 60.6 52.4 47.5

Table 59

Thermal comfort method selection by Location (% BASIX certificates)

Sydney 2005-06 (from Dec 05) 2006-07 2007-08

DIY 19.6 26.0 32.0

Simulation 77.7 71.1 65.3

Rapid 2.7 2.8 2.7

Regional

DIY 35.5 44.9 52.2

Simulation 49.6 43.6 37.7

Rapid 14.9 11.5 10.1

Table 60

DIY - Total glazing area by orientation (m2)

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

N 47335 71562 117160

NE 15120 23754 38819

E 32340 52211 82804

SE 10983 16976 28072

S 31854 48813 78088

SW 10489 17092 28547

W 26386 43617 66167

NW 12686 19070 30665

103APPENDICES

Tab

le 6

1

2005

-06

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d g

lass

an

d f

ram

e se

lect

ion

NS

W

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r28

275

9702

1940

160

8418

422

6147

1473

275

7911

0341

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r0

01

06

00

08

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d23

8781

816

9136

410

1247

914

8072

989

60

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d4

20

00

00

29

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e27

8873

020

7652

617

9061

520

2181

811

364

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e19

8363

015

6754

611

8963

013

6757

284

85

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r33

4311

8624

3716

0933

3211

2520

5710

4716

136

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r81

074

555

242

1049

106

545

240

3620

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

754

138

494

114

476

7565

111

028

10

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

512

284

599

121

365

126

328

215

2550

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e cl

ear

3628

896

2063

553

1908

540

1631

621

1184

0

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e to

ned

252

4713

529

8421

7967

713

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e py

roly

tic lo

w-e

939

289

592

213

504

184

542

155

3418

timbe

r or

uP

VC, c

lear

/air

gap/

clea

r13

7927

361

944

213

4537

764

831

353

97

timbe

r or

uP

VC, t

oned

/air

gap/

clea

r27

951

110

141

373

6630

521

715

43

To

tals

4733

515

120

3234

010

983

3185

410

489

2638

612

686

1871

94


Tab

le 6

2

2006

-07

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d g

lass

an

d f

ram

e se

lect

ion

NS

W

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r33

317

1061

323

670

7432

2242

071

2718

504

7733

1308

16

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r12

865

4796

1042

338

3399

3038

4784

5636

3957

790

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d22

2480

417

9447

313

4249

818

2379

897

55

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d16

1373

114

1744

710

7749

611

7771

476

72

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e28

7787

321

1659

217

8164

121

3487

211

886

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e46

4017

7138

3611

7623

8311

2531

7717

6519

873

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r32

0311

0919

4983

922

7687

019

5093

413

129

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r24

9871

420

2467

023

8470

718

6965

011

516

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

474

1922

252

251

8327

997

1550

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

695

389

468

231

475

191

639

122

3210

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e cl

ear

3760

990

2310

663

2254

791

2107

921

1379

5

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e to

ned

335

4227

626

130

6126

731

1167

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e py

roly

tic lo

w-e

1150

254

604

125

636

212

375

359

3715

timbe

r or

uP

VC, c

lear

/air

gap/

clea

r16

0746

695

533

611

2935

065

930

458

08

timbe

r or

uP

VC, t

oned

/air

gap/

clea

r30

411

014

681

348

9320

113

114

13

Tota

ls71

562

2375

452

211

1697

648

813

1709

243

617

1907

029

3096

105APPENDICES

Tab

le 6

3

2007

-08

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d g

lass

an

d f

ram

e se

lect

ion

NS

W

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r45

528

1500

131

399

1086

430

052

1029

824

296

1076

217

8200

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

clea

r26

341

8531

1941

568

3718

913

6514

1535

876

0710

9517

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d33

7010

7022

3956

317

0474

121

5989

412

740

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

tone

d31

7414

3625

7185

219

1110

1222

9611

3314

386

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e37

1213

9727

4810

2825

6012

9028

5914

4217

037

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, sin

gle

pyro

lytic

low

-e88

3734

6468

9524

7556

6525

7960

7127

8338

769

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r50

8013

4232

5699

230

6791

023

0210

6718

017

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, dou

ble

clea

r50

6918

5336

8917

4142

0920

9130

3514

4623

133

stan

dard

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

273

174

272

4323

914

122

412

114

86

impr

oved

alu

min

ium

, ton

ed/a

ir ga

p/cl

ear

1539

692

1427

351

1162

523

1069

657

7419

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e cl

ear

8646

1848

5260

1097

4639

1149

3779

1411

2782

9

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e to

ned

741

234

476

9838

511

936

417

525

93

timbe

r or

uP

VC, s

ingl

e py

roly

tic lo

w-e

1919

663

1286

311

1409

366

964

563

7480

timbe

r or

uP

VC, c

lear

/air

gap/

clea

r23

5888

214

9354

716

8070

411

3646

692

66

timbe

r or

uP

VC, t

oned

/air

gap/

clea

r57

322

937

927

349

211

125

314

024

50

Tota

ls11

7160

3881

982

804

2807

278

088

2854

766

167

3066

5 4

7032

1


Tab

le 6

4

2005

-06

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d s

had

ing

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

none

5857

1859

5711

2572

7988

2349

4454

1617

3240

8

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

0 m

m51

9814

3438

8813

8041

2811

2728

8812

0321

245

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

1-60

0 m

m84

5532

1354

6324

1562

4323

5144

0926

2835

178

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 60

1-75

0 m

m53

3015

3437

2111

2533

7692

031

1313

5220

473

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 75

1-90

0 m

m20

9951

211

8234

382

940

896

444

567

81

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 90

1-1,

200

mm

2840

748

1100

355

1213

272

851

510

7889

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

201-

1,50

0 m

m16

6451

388

831

196

336

076

362

060

81

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

500-

2,00

0 m

m48

7013

6223

8172

723

7398

322

7210

7916

047

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y >2

,000

mm

7262

2811

5258

1516

3690

1330

4063

2023

2795

4

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) 1

,000

-2,0

00 m

m42

360

226

1111

713

129

9610

74

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) >

2,00

0 m

m82

617

171

130

194

8736

016

125

40

awni

ng (fi

xed)

600

-1,2

00 m

m59

349

348

135

169

7239

919

124

32

awni

ng (fi

xed)

1,2

00-2

,000

mm

114

7637

1622

3643

3137

5

awni

ng (fi

xed)

>2,

000

mm

287

5723

670

177

4612

945

1048

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 6

00-1

,200

mm

408

119

125

1471

1018

211

810

47

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 1

,200

-2,0

00 m

m73

284

122

3023

6287

482

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) >

2,00

0 m

m23

84

816

660

8321

500

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (fi

xed)

3635

5514

2833

230

4848

0

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (a

djus

tabl

e)12

5740

910

6312

635

923

812

8953

652

77

Tota

ls47

831

1541

132

692

1118

832

039

1065

726

683

1281

118

9312

107APPENDICES

Tab

le 6

5

2006

-07

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d s

had

ing

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

none

9706

3496

8006

3665

9593

3343

6203

2578

4659

0

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

0 m

m90

9923

4368

0519

7163

3219

0947

4319

8035

182

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

1-60

0 m

m80

3127

8265

2622

8168

3823

8356

1024

0336

854

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 60

1-75

0 m

m68

1027

7259

3618

6864

7521

2055

6122

9033

834

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 75

1-90

0 m

m30

0377

219

3847

113

2149

118

8667

610

558

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 90

1-1,

200

mm

4607

1320

2334

762

1774

634

1945

1266

1464

2

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

201-

1,50

0 m

m72

8820

6431

2879

524

5082

122

7814

1220

235

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

500-

2,00

0 m

m33

7612

8131

5710

3828

5095

330

5711

1216

824

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y >2

,000

mm

9258

3632

7914

2506

6151

2621

6962

3132

4217

5

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) 1

,000

-2,0

00 m

m73

321

130

110

177

3520

811

917

95

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) >

2,00

0 m

m56

627

053

512

235

012

747

917

426

25

awni

ng (fi

xed)

600

-1,2

00 m

m61

618

749

063

186

9654

917

023

57

awni

ng (fi

xed)

1,2

00-2

,000

mm

136

6711

230

5631

9142

565

awni

ng (fi

xed)

>2,

000

mm

303

4924

240

189

4015

177

1092

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 6

00-1

,200

mm

147

102

148

4247

2811

315

378

1

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 1

,200

-2,0

00 m

m11

331

961

646

106

141

9

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) >

2,00

0 m

m58

434

439

121

187

6332

516

020

75

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (fi

xed)

1933

319

964

129

167

927

462

224

422

285

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (a

djus

tabl

e)11

6852

513

8019

559

824

814

8238

359

80

Tota

ls84

878

2245

350

079

1617

246

318

1622

242

372

1837

329

6868


Tab

le 6

6

2007

-08

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d s

had

ing

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tals

none

1558

051

5912

708

5825

1697

852

7610

113

3924

7556

3

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

0 m

m12

457

3612

8393

2965

8726

3128

6962

3196

4943

9

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 45

1-60

0 m

m14

751

4947

1122

640

8612

024

4057

8823

4172

6408

5

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 60

1-75

0 m

m11

074

4080

9082

2924

8950

3115

7606

3410

5024

1

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 75

1-90

0 m

m46

8615

2332

2683

224

2580

425

4710

4717

090

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 90

1-1,

200

mm

8508

2210

3759

1127

3243

1065

3046

1444

2440

2

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

201-

1,50

0 m

m10

355

3164

5055

1229

3295

1534

3481

1869

2998

2

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y 1,

500-

2,00

0 m

m61

1821

0746

6814

9043

7316

4033

6415

6525

327

eave

/ver

anda

h/pe

rgol

a/ba

lcon

y >2

,000

mm

1837

169

4814

710

4577

1075

946

4211

629

5654

7729

0

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) 1

,000

-2,0

00 m

m80

219

146

020

812

351

308

191

2335

perg

ola

(adj

usta

ble

shad

e) >

2,00

0 m

m12

0337

686

015

749

320

765

032

342

71

awni

ng (fi

xed)

600

-1,2

00 m

m10

2761

881

819

822

827

884

241

644

25

awni

ng (fi

xed)

1,2

00-2

,000

mm

271

176

149

1185

3722

826

012

16

awni

ng (fi

xed)

>2,

000

mm

374

162

299

1923

089

292

9415

60

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 6

00-1

,200

mm

646

208

456

8283

109

385

8820

57

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) 1

,200

-2,0

00 m

m18

279

146

3298

4713

956

779

awni

ng (a

djus

tabl

e) >

2,00

0 m

m88

728

045

014

720

912

258

627

629

57

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (fi

xed)

2505

612

236

174

186

136

486

219

2663

9

vert

ical

ext

erna

l lou

vre/

blin

d (a

djus

tabl

e)18

5982

517

7245

145

947

420

5689

087

86

Tota

ls13

4206

3678

978

598

2643

572

969

2681

063

544

2909

446

8445

109APPENDICES

Tab

le 6

7

2005

-06

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d o

vers

had

ow

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tal

not o

vers

hado

wed

4299

813

972

2914

210

256

3443

997

2725

179

1084

517

6559

1-2

m h

igh,

<1.

5 m

aw

ay29

5119

228

4312

933

814

343

422

072

50

2-4m

hig

h, 2

m a

way

678

164

477

8635

987

494

222

2567

2-4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay12

2841

878

929

865

827

084

860

151

10

2-4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay57

917

644

713

029

013

047

821

424

44

2-4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

203

110

220

2812

579

241

6310

69

>4m

hig

h, <

2 m

aw

ay15

050

202

554

2497

3561

7

>4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay30

519

046

913

026

511

241

023

521

17

>4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay44

994

308

8816

079

407

219

1803

>4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

950

162

373

6133

365

640

187

2771

Tota

l50

490

1552

935

270

1120

937

020

1071

729

230

1284

220

2308


Tab

le 6

8

2006

-07

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d o

vers

had

ow

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tal

not o

vers

hado

wed

6414

721

659

4713

715

792

4537

215

842

3790

317

189

2650

40

1-2

m h

igh,

<1.

5 m

aw

ay93

723

668

715

259

414

055

819

535

00

2-4m

hig

h, 2

m a

way

802

294

755

184

556

100

755

185

3630

2-4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay18

4661

710

4236

985

232

814

7155

570

81

2-4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay77

818

757

614

529

714

667

818

329

90

2-4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

403

6540

827

191

3942

773

1633

>4m

hig

h, <

2 m

aw

ay25

551

226

2815

243

171

4797

4

>4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay79

917

960

215

337

410

367

330

231

85

>4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay81

020

943

263

196

128

397

180

2415

>4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

905

305

461

9635

623

269

321

832

65

Tota

l71

682

2380

052

326

1701

048

942

1710

243

726

1912

629

3714

111APPENDICES

Tab

le 6

9

2007

-08

Tota

l gla

zin

g a

rea

(m2 )

by

ori

enta

tio

n an

d o

vers

had

ow

dev

ice

sele

ctio

n N

SW

N

NE

ES

ES

SW

WN

WTo

tal

not o

vers

hado

wed

1051

2135

031

7341

525

749

7226

625

887

5721

827

388

4220

76

1-2

m h

igh,

<1.

5 m

aw

ay17

7139

313

5828

911

0734

311

2835

367

42

2-4m

hig

h, 2

m a

way

1129

395

1031

348

770

382

966

407

5428

2-4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay32

2410

7425

9169

417

3463

222

4991

113

108

2-4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay14

3448

910

8327

158

134

010

7738

056

54

2-4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

752

249

468

116

259

153

696

253

2945

>4m

hig

h, <

2 m

aw

ay34

985

267

132

212

5422

312

314

44

>4m

hig

h, 2

-5 m

aw

ay13

9340

593

929

760

931

611

5927

353

91

>4m

hig

h, 5

-8 m

aw

ay11

0549

110

6316

037

626

868

127

644

20

>4m

hig

h, 8

-12

m a

way

1615

430

755

199

471

273

839

353

4935

Tota

l11

7892

3904

282

970

2825

478

385

2864

866

235

3071

647

2142


Table 70

2005-06 Simulation certificates NSW

NatHERS climate

zone

Average heating loads

Average heating

caps

Average cooling loads

Average cooling

caps

Total thermal

load actual

Total thermal load cap

8 70 100 142 172 212 272

9 39 67 103 130 142 197

10 35 62 66 81 101 143

11 65 87 40 52 105 139

14 105 135 61 77 166 211

15 89 119 35 42 123 161

17 68 85 40 54 108 139

18 119 146 26 36 145 182

20 194 230 55 74 248 303

24 224 250 30 52 253 302

25 289 413 92 381 413

27 128 167 56 69 184 236

28 88 116 41 56 129 172

Please note that the average loads and caps have been rounded

Table 71


NatHERS climate

zone


Average heating

caps


Average cooling

caps

Total thermal

load actual


8 65 104 152 169 217 273

9 37 68 101 131 138 199

10 32 64 63 82 95 146

11 63 87 39 52 102 140

14 104 134 57 76 160 210

15 85 117 32 41 117 158

17 67 85 40 54 107 139

18 120 147 25 36 144 183

20 190 229 54 74 244 303

24 218 247 29 54 247 301

25 312 429 87 399 429

27 117 167 56 69 172 236

28 86 116 40 56 126 173


113APPENDICES

Table 72


NatHERS climate

zone


Average heating

caps


Average cooling

caps

Total thermal

load actual


8 71 100 130 160 202 261

9 39 66 100 129 139 195

10 33 63 63 81 96 143

11 61 86 40 52 101 137

14 101 133 55 76 156 208

15 85 117 32 41 116 158

17 66 85 39 53 105 138

18 115 144 25 35 140 180

20 189 227 50 74 239 301

24 220 254 32 53 252 308

25 294 439 75 369 439

27 121 165 52 69 173 234

28 85 115 37 56 123 171


115APPENDICES

CalculationsLocal Development Performance Monitoring DataTable 73

Development application numbers* BASIX certificate numbers

2005-06 13,992 20,745

2006-07 14,067 16,856

2007-08 14,511 21,973

* source: local Development Performance Monitoring Data, NSW Department of Planning, 2006, 2007 & 2008

Water and energy savings calculationsTable 74

Water and energy savings calculations

Benchmark Average Score

Average Occupancy

Number of DAs

Total Savings

2005-06

Water 90340l 46% 3.27 13992 1901364877 l

Energy 3292kg 34.8% 3.27 13992 52416331 kg

2006-07

Water 90340l 45.9% 3.18 14067 1854903750 l

Energy 3292kg 40.2% 3.18 14067 59199016 kg

2007-08

Water 90340l 46.1% 3.2 14511 1933874701 l

Energy 3292kg 40.7% 3.2 14511 62215924 kg

Table 75

Total savings over 2005-08 reporting period for NSW

Water 5,690,143,328 litres

Energy 173,831,271 Kilograms of CO2-e

Rainwater tank storage capacity calculationsTable 76

Rainwater tank storage calculations

Number of tanks Average tank size* Total tank storage

2005-06 12692 6,770 l 85,925,000 l

2006-07 12924 7,680 l 99,256,000 l

2007-08 13428 7,895 l 106,014,000 l

* Average of 95 percentile. Excludes tanks over 60,000l


GlossaryAAccredited Assessor: means a person accredited by the Association of Building Sustainability Assessors (ABSA) or by another organisation accredited by the Department of Planning (DoP) under the Thermal Comfort Protocol, to issue Assessor Certificates.

Alternative energy system: means a system which generates electricity on the land the subject of the application, using an energy source other than the electricity supply grid, and includes a photovoltaic power system and a wind generator.

Alternative water: means water that is not mains-supplied potable water.

BBreeze path: means a path of air flow within a dwelling between two ventilation openings.

CConditioned floor area in relation to a dwelling, means the total floor area of the dwelling, excluding:

a) floor area that is not fully enclosed;

b) bathrooms (but not ensuites) and laundries, with a ventilation opening; and voids, store rooms, garages and carparks

Cooling load: for a dwelling, means the quantity of energy (per unit and time) that must be used to lower the indoor temperature of a building and maintain it at an acceptable level.

Corrected cooling load: means the cooling load adjusted by BASIX to account for any complying breeze paths in the dwelling.

CO2-e: means Carbon Dioxide equivilents and is a universal standard of weighting the global warming potential of a group of greenhouse gasses, including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

DDedicated: in relation to light fittings, means a light fitting that is only capable of accepting fluorescent or lED (light Emitting Diode) lamps. It will not accept incandescent, halogen or any other non-fluorescent or non-lED lamps.

Dwelling: means a room or suite of rooms occupied or used or so constructed or adapted as to be capable of being occupied or used as a separate domicile.

117APPENDICES

FFloor area: means the area of floor measured within the finished surfaces of the walls, and includes the area occupied by any cupboard or other built-in furniture item, fixture or fitting.

GGarden: means all areas planted with vegetation excluding lawn.

Greywater diversion system: means a system for the diversion (but not the treatment or storage) of greywater.

Greywater for diversion can be collected from the shower, hand basin, bath and laundry. Kitchen basin wastewater is heavily polluted with food particles, oil, fats etc and should not be re-used without treatment. It is therefore unsuitable for connection to a greywater diversion system.

Untreated, diverted greywater can be used for garden irrigation only, and must be connected to a sub-surface irrigation system

Greywater treatment system: means a system for the collection, treatment and storage of greywater.

Greywater is wastewater not contaminated by human excrement, including wastewater from a bath, shower, hand basin and laundry. Kitchen basin wastewater heavily polluted with food particles, oils, fats and other highly polluted waste should not be reused without treatment.

Depending on the level of treatment, treated greywater can be used for garden irrigation and certain internal uses.

HHeat pump: means a device that utilises an electric pump to move energy from the surrounding environment (air) to heat water.

Heating load: for a dwelling, means the quantity of energy (per unit and time) that must be used to raise the indoor temperature of a building and maintain it at an acceptable level.

IIndigenous species: means a species of vegetation identified in DoP’s Indigenous Species list as being indigenous to the land on which the proposed development is to be carried out (available at www.basix.nsw.gov.au), or a species of vegetation which the local council for that area deems is an indigenous species in that area.

Instantaneous: in relation to a hot water system, means a system where water is heated as it is required (for example when a tap is turned on), without the use of storage tanks.


LLow water use species: means a species of vegetation identified as a ‘one drop plant’ under Sydney Water’s Plant Selector Water Drop Rating Scheme (available at www.sydneywater.com.au), or a species of vegetation which the local council for that area deems is a low water use species in that area.

MMain living area: in relation to a dwelling, means the living area (being an area bounded by enclosing walls, doorways, or apertures in enclosing walls that are less than 3m2) with the greatest floor area.

OOn-demand hot water recirculation system: means a system that, on demand, recirculates cold water sitting in the hot water pipe back to the water heating system for heating before use, as a means of saving water. It does not include continuously recirculating hot water systems.

Orientation: in relation to a part of a dwelling, means the direction in which the part of the dwelling faces, in accordance with the following sectors of a compass (based on true north): N = >337.5 - 22.5, NE = >22.5 - 67.5, E = >67.5 - 112.5, SE = >112.5 - 157.5,S = >157.5 - 202.5, SW = >202.5 - 247.5, W = >247.5 - 292.5, NW = >292.5 - 337.5.

PPhotovoltaic system: means a system consisting of flat panels, typically made from silicon, that are installed in an unshaded location and directly convert sunlight into electricity.

Planter box: means a fixed garden with an impermeable base.

Primary type of artificial lighting: in relation to a room or area, means that at least 80% of light fittings in that room or area are of that type, including the main light fitting.

RRainwater: means water discharged from non-trafficable roof areas within a development site.

Rainwater Tank for pool/spa top-up: A tap connected to the rainwater tank must be located within 10 metres of the edge of the pool/spa.

Recycled water: means water such as grey water, stormwater and other types of wastewater, that have been treated for reuse.

Reticulated recycled water: means recycled water that is supplied by a water utility or central authority via a reticulated system to individual lots for non-potable use.

Roof area: the area of all roof surfaces measured to the outside of the gutters, excluding parapets and trafficable roof terraces, and measured in the horizontal plane

119APPENDICES

SShaded: Shaded in relation to a pool or spa means that at least 80% of the pool or spa is covered by a shading device such as a shade cloth or roof structure. The shading material must satisfy one of the following: be opaque, have a shade ratio of not less than 80%, or have a shading co-efficient of less than 0.35.

Site area: the area of land on which the proposed development is to be carried out

Skylight: means a window which is installed in a roof to permit natural light to enter the room below and is at an angle between 0 and 70 degrees measured from the horizontal plane.

Solar hot water system: means a solar hot water system which is rated under the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Regulations 2001.

Storage: in relation to hot water systems, means a hot water system where water is heated and stored in an insulated tank.

Stormwater: means water collected from trafficable surfaces, including paved or ground surfaces.

TThermal Comfort Protocol: means the document of that name dated 30 June 2005, published by DoP, and available at www.basix.nsw.gov.au.

UUnconditioned floor area: in relation to a dwelling, means the total floor area of all bathrooms (not including ensuites) and laundries, with a ventilation opening.


References Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001

Average floor area of new dwellings Cat no. 8731.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2002 Housing and Lifestyle: Energy efficiency in the home, Cat no. 4102.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2005 Household Water Use and Effects of the Drought Cat no. 1350.0, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006 Domestic Water and Energy Use, New South Wales Cat no. 4621.1ABS, Canberra.

Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2007 Water Conservation and Management Cat no. 4613.0, ABS, Canberra.

Commonwealth of Australia: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, 2008 Energy Use in the Australian Residential Sector 1986-2020, DEWHA, Canberra.

NSW Government: Department of Planning, 2007 BASIX Ongoing Monitoring Program: 2004-2005 Outcomes, DoP, Sydney.

NSW Government: Department of Planning, 2005-08 Local Development Performance Monitoring, DoP, Sydney

NSW Government: NSW Greenhouse Office, 2005 NSW Greenhouse Plan, NSW Greenhouse Office, Sydney.

NSW Government: Premier’s Department, 2006 NSW State Plan, NSW Premier’s Department, Sydney.

This document is printed on ecoStar from Raleigh Paper.

ecoStar is an environmentally responsible 100% recycled paper made from 100% post-consumer waste which is bleached chlorine free (PCF). FSC Chain of Custody certified, ecoStar is manufactured under the ISO 14001 Environmental Management System which guarantees continuous environmental improvement.

100%

SA-COC-001783

BuIldIng SuStAInABIlIty IndeX Ongoing Monitoring Program

Documents

Transcript of BuIldIng SuStAInABIlIty IndeX Ongoing Monitoring Program