Building Services

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING & DESIGN

BLD60903

BUILDING SERVICES

PROJECT 2

ANALYSIS AND DOCUMENTATION

OF

BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEM

Ting Peng Hang 0313515

Eric Lai Yiew How 0313843

Gabriel Liew Chung Hooi 0314126

Kelvin Cheong Cheng Lee 0310354

Benard Chin Tze Yong 0313355

Danar Jovian Aditya Vadya Putra 0314575

BUILDING SERVICES [ARC 2423] PROJECT 2 : CASE STUDY & DOCUMENTATION OF BUILDING SERVICES SYSTEMS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDDGEMENT

INTRODUCTION

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5

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1.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Literature Review

1.2.1 Active Fire Protection System

1.2.2 Passive Fire Protection System

1.3 Active Fire Protection System

1.3.1 Water Sprinkle System

1.3.2 Wet Riser and Hose Reel System

1.3.3 Pump Control Room

1.3.4 Duty Pump

1.3.5 Smoke Detector

1.3.6 Roller Shutter

1.4 Passive Fire Protection System

1.4.1 Fire Wall

1.4.2 Fire Rated Door

1.4.3 Smoke Curtain

1.4.4 Separation of Fire Risk Area

1.4.5 Emergency Exit Signage

1.4.6 Fire Resistant Escape Stairs

1.5 Conclusion

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11

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2.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

2.1 Introduction


2.3 Finding and Analysis

2.3.1 VRV / VRF ( Variable Refrigerant Flow

) air conditioning system

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2

2.3.2 Basic Refrigeration Cycle

2.4 Components

2.4.1 Outdoor Units

2.4.2 Indoor Units

2.5 Conclusion

3.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION SYSTEM

3.1 Introduction


3.3 Air Handling Unit (AHU)

3.4 Industrial Circular Fan

3.5 Air Duct System

3.5.1 Single Duct System

3.5.2 Double Duct System

3.6 Exhaust Ventilation

3.7 Conclusion

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4.0 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

4.1 Introduction


4.3 Operation Of Lift System

4.4 System Components

4.4.1 Lift System ( A ) Machine –Room Less Lift

4.4.2 Machine-Room Less System

Components

4.4.3 Lift System ( B ) Geared Traction Lift

4.4.4 Geared Traction Elevator System

Components

4.4.5 Machine Room

4.5 Fire Lift System

4.6 Conclusion

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3

GENERAL CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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ABSTRACT In this report, we will do analysis and research on the details and services that can be found in

Hap Seng Sdn.Bhd, Balakong Autohaus (Mercedes-Benz Autohaus). Services that we will look into

are fire protection system which include active and passive, mechanical transport system,

mechanical ventilation and also air conditional. By having analysis on these services, we are

aware that the importance role played by these service in a building’s operation. After having all

the informations from the analysis and researches, we will conduction a conclusion to these

services based on our understanding regards to Uniform Building By-Law as well as other rules

and regulations.


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ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to each individual that has helped and assisted in

completing this research report. Special thanks to the person in charge of building services

department, Mr Lian who had given his precious time, providing good hospitality during our site

visit. He has been very kind in providing us as much information as he can, bringing us around

the building and providing explanations and answers to our questions and curiosity.

We would also like to thank Ms. Ateerah Hassan who has given us the permission to do an in-

depth study on the systems that runs in Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Balakong Autohaus. In addition,

we would like to express our deepest appreciation for providing us with guidance to complete

this report and giving us a substantial amount of suggestions during our tutorial sessions. We

would also like to thank each of our members that have put a lot of effort in cooperating with

each other. By all means, we would like to thank once again to everyone who had helped in

making this project a success.


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INTRODUCTION

Mercedes-Benz Autohaus (Balakong Autohaus) is a newly built showroom. It was designed by

Asima architect. Hap Seng Star appears to be one of the primary authorized dealers of Mercedes-

Benz vehicles. Mercedes-Benz Autohaus located prominently at Balakong and with the RM60

million facilities raises the standard in the showroom and customer service even further more.

The built-up area for this autohaus is 140,000 sq ft. This Balakong Autohaus is the sixth opening

for Mercedes-Benz autohaus. In addition, this new autohaus was placed in a strategic location

where is it close to major highways and afford it a large catchment area.

Their aim for this autohaus to to provide a spacious building to serve every need of their customer

and also exceptional experience. This autohaus provide wide range of services to their customers

which include after sale services and repairs, with body and paint works repair.


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1.0 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

1.1 Introduction

Every building has a fire safety feature because it helps to ensure the safety of the user especially

in big building because evacuation consume large amount of time. In this chapter, the main

analysis consists of active fire protection and passive fire protection system in Hap Seng Star Sdn

Bhd, Balakong Autohaus.

Fire protection is divided into two system which is the active fire system and passive fire system

and details are being studied and explained later. There are rules and regulation set by Bomba

for each building and this research paper had concluded the analysis. After analysis both

regulation and fire system in the building, recommendation and improvement are also

suggested.


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1.2.1 Active Fire Protection System

The definition of fire is a process of rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical

process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products. It is a visible effect of

the process called “combustion” which is a type of chemical reaction. A fire can spread 4.6 meters

per second (Binggeli, 2014). Fire occurs when there is presence of air and some sort of fuel. The

product from the chemical reaction is totally different from the starting material.

In order to allow combustion to occur, the fuel must be heated to its ignition temperature. This

chemical reaction will continue to process as long as there is enough heat, fuel and oxygen and

this is also known as the fire triangle.

FUEL – Any combustible material in any state: solid,

liquid or gas. Solid and liquid will undergoes changes

in state and become vapor (gas) after burning.

OXYGEN – The air that we breathe in everyday

consist of 21% of oxygen. To allow combustion to

occur, at least 16 percent of oxygen is needed.

HEAT – The energy required to increase the

temperature of the fuel to the ignition temperature

in order to have combustion process.

To produce a fire, 4 elements are must be present at the same time which is:

1. Fuel or combustible material

2. Sufficient oxygen to maintain the process combustion

3. Exothermic reaction of the fire

4. Sufficient heat to maintain the ignition temperature

Speeds of combustion are depending on the amount of oxygen available. There are few chemical

reaction occur in the combustion process. Burning fuel will only produce only water and carbon

dioxide (no smoke or other product) in a compete combustion. In order for complete combustion

to happens, there need to be sufficient oxygen to combine completely with the fuel gas.

Fuel + Oxygen (from the air) = combustion product (mainly CO2 + H2O) + Heat Energy


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Cost-effective passive and automatic fire protection systems need to be designed to

incorporate efficient in new facilities and renovation projects. Passive and automatic fire

protection systems are effective in detecting, containing, controlling and extinguishing a fire

event in the early stage. In every building, the fire engineer are required to ensure a reasonable

degree of protection of human life from fire and the product combustion as well as to reduce

the potential loss from fire.

The basic goals of fire protection In a building is to:

1. Save life

2. Save properties

3. Preserving business continuity

Different types of building will have different types of fire protection requirements depends on

how a building is being used or occupied. The systems found in any building typically include

theses basic components:

1. Detection

2. Alarms and notification

3. Suppression

When there is fire in the building, heat and smoke are produced.

Heat and smoke that are produced will be detected by smoke and

heat detector to send out warning to the occupants

The detector will then activated the active system such as water

sprinkle and etc.

The fire system helps to control or suppress the fire to prevent the

fire from growing bigger.

Dectection of fire

& smoke

Alarms and

notification

Activate active &

passive fire systems

Fire Suppression


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1.2.2 Passive Fire Protection System

The definition of fire protection of a building refers to the buildings ability to detect, withstand,

prevent, and reduce any damage caused by fire.

Passive fire protection system is an integral component of the structural fire protection and fire

safety in a building. The purpose is to slow down the spread of fire through the use of fire

resistance wall, floors and doors. It also protects the important structure such as load bearing

column and beam from collapsing pre maturely during fire. These fire protection component do

not rely on the operation of any mechanical device in order to be activated.


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1.3 Active Fire Protection System Introduction

Active fire protection is an automated of manual operated fire mechanical system that helps to

protect the building and provide safety to the user. Active fire protection consists of two types

which is the water based and non-water based. Research and studies of water based and non-

water based are carried out before analysis on our case study. Active fire protection system are

system that are designed to resist and extinguish as well as giving occupant defense from the fire

Water Based Fire Protection System

Water based system are usually available in sufficient quantities and affordable and which

become the most natural of all fire extinguishing agents. Water-based fire protection systems

have also become the most common form of fire suppression for both the industrial and the

commercial sectors. Types of water-based system that are as below:

Automatic Sprinkler Systems

Standpipe and Hose Systems

Water Supply System/Private Fire Service Mains

Fire Pumps

Water Spray Fixed Systems

Foam-Water Sprinkler Systems/Foam-Water Spray Systems

Water Mist System

Non Water Based Fire Protection System

Non-water based fire protection system are usually used to protected a variety of fire hazards

such as electrical transformer, flammable liquid, restaurant equipment and fuel truck loading

racks. Non-water based fire protection system is not effective on deep-seated fire but it is

primarily suited for surface fires. Types of non-water based fire protection system are as below:

Carbon Dioxide System

Dry Chemical Agents & Application Systems

Argonite


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1.3.1 Water Sprinkle System

UBBL – SECTION 225. (2)

Sprinkle valve shall be located in a safe and

enclosed position on the exterior wall and shall

be readily accessible to the fire authority.

All sprinkle systems shall be electricity

connected to the nearest fire station to

provide immediate and automatic relay of the

alarm when activated.

Fire sprinkler in Balakong Autohaus.

Fire sprinkler are extensively used worldwide. Fire sprinkler are the most common water based

active fire system used to eliminate or decrease the spread of fire. Fire sprinkler are usually

placed at the ceiling and when the fire sprinkler were activated, water will be discharged

immediately by a deflector plate that direct the water in circular pattern. In Balakong Autohaus,

fire sprinkler are found at the fire system pipe above and placed in a reasonable direction and

also distance. Heat-sensitive glass bulb can be found in the sprinkler head which prevent the

water from flowing until the it reach the designed activation temperature, it started to discharge

water. For a standard wet-pipe sprinkler system, when a certain heat level is achieved, it activate

independently so only sprinkler that are near to the fire will be activated. However, there are

advantages for fire sprinkler system.

Advantages

Compared to fire extinguisher and smoke alarms, fire sprinkler are proven to be more

effective at protecting building because it do not rely on people being on-hand to operate.

Occupants can just focus on evacuating and reduce the number of injuries.

Fire sprinkler have low maintenance and it is surprisingly affordable fire protection

option.

When a small fire is detected, some people might worry about getting the whole building

wet. Individually activated fire sprinkler on activated on the area where fire is detected

so that the rest of the building will remain perfectly dry.


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Diagram of fire sprinkler system (Source: http://www.marioff.com/fire-protection/hi-fogr-system-components)

Above is a diagram that shows how fire sprinkler system works. It shows how water supply is directed to

each of the fire sprinkler that can be found at the ceiling.

Upright Fire Sprinkler

Upright fire sprinkler, which can be found in Balakong

Autohaus, are usually found in mechanical room or other

inaccessible area to provide better coverage between

obstructions. The water deflector at the top part of the fire

sprinkler is used to deflect the projected water so that the

water spread in circular patterns.


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1.3.2 Wet Riser and Hose Reel System

UBBL – SECTION 231

Wet rising system shall be provided in every

building in which the top most floor is more than

30.5 meter above the fire appliance access level.

A hose connection shall be provided in each

firefighting access lobby.

Fire Hose Reels usually located at a strategic and accessible place in a building to provide controlled

water supply to combat a potential fire risk. A fully extended fire hose can reach 36 meters with 19mm diameter. Fire Hose Reel are designed to deliver a minimum of 0.33L of water per second. The operators are able to control the direction and flow of water with a control nozzle attached to the end of the hose. All fire hose reels come with a unique ball valve shut-off device, a plastic or solid brass hose reel nozzle and mounting bracket. The system pressure loss will activate the pump ensuring adequate water flow and pressure to provide a water jet of typically a minimum of 10 meter from the nozzle. Fire Hose Reels are found in the car workshop area which is abundant with machineries. This fire hose reels are located at the column of the workshop which is easy to access when there is an emergency of potential fire around the workshop.


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Wet Riser System

All wet riser pipes remain charged with water at system pressure. The pressure reduced in the pipeline and starts the hydrant pump whenever there is opening of a hydrant landing valve or hose reel on any floor. Multistage pump is employed so that different tapping can be taken from the output of the pump. Each tapping can be used to serve more than one floor

Wet riser layout (Source: http://www.safeindus.com/dry-riser-hose-reels--wet-riser.html


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1.3.3 Pump Control Room

Pump control room in Balakong Autohaus. In this pump room, there are few types of element can be found in the room such as duty pump, pressure gauge, standby pump and jockey pump.

Different types of pump are usually found in the pump room. It helps to deliver adequate and required water flow to control the fire. The pressure gauge helps to control the pressure so that is at the appropriate water pressure. It is also part of the fire sprinkler’s water supplies which pump the water at a higher pressure to the fire sprinkler and hose standpipes. There are two main types of pump which is the diesel hydrant pump and electrical pump.

Valve and Pump at Balakong Autohaus.

Circulation relief valve shall be listed at each pump for the fire pump service installed and set below the shutoff pressure at minimum expected suction pressure. However, an engine-driven pump does not apply this rule for which engine cooling water is taken from the pump discharge.


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1.3.4 Duty Pump

Duty pump are usually connected with fire sprinkler because duty pump use electrical motor to deliver the water to the sprinkler system. The efficiency of pump is determined by the Flow Rate and the Total Head at the respective pump speed

Cross section of Duty Pump Process of a Duty Pump

Source :

http://www.enviropumpandseal.com/index.php?option=com_conten

t&view=article&id=57&Itemid=60

Source : http://www.fao.org/docrep/010/ah810e/ah810e07.htm


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Location Of Pump Room at Balakong Autohaus


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1.3.5 Smoke Detector

UBBL – SECTION 255.(1)

Every building shall be provided with means of detecting and extinguisher fire and alarms together with illuminated exits sign in accordance with the requirements as specified in the Tenth Schedule to these By-Laws.

Smoke detector in Balakong Autohaus

A smoke detector helps to warn people of possible fire. Smoke detector are use to detect smoke and giving a warning, usually a very loud beeping sound. Smoke detector usually found attaching to the ceiling and they are about the size of a hand. They detect fire in early stage and give you precious minutes that enable you to leave the building safely.

Hot gases are generated by fire and these gases rise because they are less dense than ordinary air. Smoke detector have large opening at the bottom as shown in the picture. A typical smoke detector has an infrared light beam that shoot across the chamber from a LED to a photocell. The light beam shoots constantly between the LED and the detector when there is no smoke so the alarm will remains silent. But when a fire breaks out, the beam is interrupted by the smoke that enters the chamber. When the light stop falling on the photocell, it will trigger the fire alarm in the building so alert the occupants.

Smoke Detector System

This diagram shows a typical smoke detector system to show how smoke detector works. The LED constantly shoot light beam to the photocell to show that no smoke were detected so the alarm remain silent. The light beam only get interrupted when smoke comes in to the chamber. When the photocell did not receive light beam, it will activate the alarm to alert the occupants that there might be potential fire around.

Typical smoke detector system

Souce : http://www.explainthatstuff.com/carbonmonoxidedetectors.html


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1.3.6 Roller Shutter

UBBL SECTION 133

“Door” include any shutter, cover or other form of protection to an opening in any wall or floor of a building, or in the structure surrounding a protected shaft, whether the doors is constructed of one or more leaves.

Fire shutter at Balakong Autohaus

In conjunction with other systems for controlling fire such as sprinklers and smoke extraction systems, fire shutter are usually used as part of an overall fire strategy in a building. The role of the Fire shutter is to prevent the fire from spreading so rapidly by compartmentalize a building allowing occupants to evacuate as safely as possible. Fire shutter are designed to protect against radiant heat to an extremely high level. There are few types of fire shutter activation. The first mode is automated self-closing mode. Self-closing by mean of a thermal fusible link activated at a certain temperature and mounted to the underside of the hood. Another mode will be fire alarm linked by use of a fire alarm relay the shutter will close under power.

Section of a Fire Shutter

Fire shutter are often held in open position and fitted with a push button control station as standard. Activation of fire shutter are more than one mode but most commonly they are linked to the building fire detection system. When activated by fire detection system, a typical fire shutter close at an approximated speed of 100mm per second.

Fire shutter section

Source : http://www.hvpshutters.co.uk/fireguard-roller-shutter.php

http://www.hvpshutters.co.uk/fireguard-roller-shutter.php


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Location of Fire Shutter System


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1.4 Passive Fire Protection System

1.4.1 Fire Wall

Fire wall/ fire-rated wall, is a type of wall that commonly used as a fireproof barrier. It has more

heat resistance than normal wall. It is built to slow down fire spreading from one space to another

space during fire emergency and act as a barrier to give enough time for occupants to escape

from the building. Besides, wall in car service and maintenance area are also constructed by using

fire walls as the content of the room is combustible and cause of fire.

Services and maintenance area. Fire wall indicated in red color.

Type of walls found on site: 100mm thick light weight block with 2 hours fire rates

Area covered: Separation of show room area and maintenance area.


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Laws and regulations:

UBBL – section 198 (C)

Any wall or floor separating part of a building from any other part of the same building, which is

used or intended to be used mainly for a purpose failing within a different purpose group as, set

out in the fifth schedule to these by laws

UBBL – section 148 (6)

Any compartment wall or compartment floor which is required by these By-Laws to have FRP of

one hour or more shall be constructed wholly of non-combustible materials and, apart from any

ceiling, the required FRP of the wall or floor shall be obtained without assistance from non-

combustible.


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1.4.2 Fire Rated Door

A fire resistant door is defined as door or shutter fitted into a door opening that is constructed

with fire proofing materials in order to prevent and restrict the transaction of heat for the longest

period of time possible protecting the occupants from smoke and fire.

Fire rated door Fire rated door section

Fire rated door found on site: Single leaf 1 HR fire rated door with metal framing

Materials used: Fire rated door consist two types of materials, wood and chock with fire resistant

paint as a finishing layer.

Thickness: 60mm thick (20mm thick layer of wood on both side of the door, 20mm layer of chock

in the center of the door)

Uses: Serves as compartmentalization of building entrances or exits in order to prevent fire and

smoke from spreading. In this building, 2 hours fire-rated door were installed at every fire

staircase entrances.


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Law and Regulation:

UBBL-Section 162 (1)

- Fire doors of the appropriate FRP shall be provided

- Openings in compartment walls and separating wall shall be protected by a fire door

having a FRP in accordance with the requirements for that wall specified in the Ninth

Schedule to these By-Laws

UBBL-Section 164 (1)

- All fire doors shall be fitted with automatic door closers of the hydraulically spring

operated type in the case of swing doors and wire rope and weight type in the case of

sliding door.


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1.4.3 Smoke Curtain

Smoke curtain/Fire curtain is a fabric panel that made of non-combustible material. It is used to

prevent fire and smoke from spreading to other part of the building.

Smoke curtain installed in the ceiling of show room area.

Smoke curtain can be found at the ceiling of the showroom corridor. The smoke curtain can be

activated by smoke cause by fire. When the curtain is activated, it can be control with either high

speed or low speed which depend to the fire situation.

Laws and regulation:

UBBL – section 161 (1)

- Any fire stop required by the provision of this part shall be formed and repositioned as to

prevent or retard the passage of flame.


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1.4.4 Separation of Fire Risk Area

In this building, the fire risk area is designed effectively to separate the show room and car

maintenance area. Due to flammable gas and liquid that used for car services and maintenance,

the car services area is separated from the show room area by using fire proof compartment. In

case of fire, the services and maintenance area will be protected by compartment consist of roller

shutter and fire proofing wall, to avoid the fire and smoke from spreading to the lobby and show

room area.

Laws and regulations:

UBBL – section 139

The following area uses shall be separated from the other areas of the occupancy in which they

are located by fire resisting construction of elements of structure of a FRP to be determined by

local authority based on the hazard:

- Boiler rooms and associated duels storage room

- Laundries

- Repairs shops involving hazardous processes and materials

- Storage area of materials in quantities deemed hazardous

- Liquefied petroleum gas storage areas

- Linen rooms

- Transformer rooms and substations

- Flammable liquid stores


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1.4.5 Emergency Exit Signage

Emergency exit signage found on site

Emergency exit signage are normally installed with green neon light and electrical supply backup

to ensure it can be use when the electrical supply has been cut off due to fire. It is located at the

top of every fire exit door. It provide direction for the occupants with clear and big letters.

Besides, the signs are lit 24/7 in case of emergencies.

UBBL- section 172

- Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily visible signs and shall not

be obscured by any decorations, furnishings or other equipment.

- A sign reading “KELUAR” with an arrow indicating the direction shall be placed in every

location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not immediately

apparent.

- Every exit sign shall have the word “KELUAR” in plainly legible letters not less than 150mm

high with the principal strokes of the letters not less than 18mm wide.

- All exist signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of occupancy.


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1.4.6 Fire Resistant Escape Stairs

Fire staircase found on site.

Stairs type: Reinforced concrete stairs enclosed within concrete walls and self-closing fire doors.

It was a half turn stairs with 180 degree turn at landing. This allow easier flow of a large number

of occupants evacuating the building during a fire in the fastest and shortest amount of time

ensuring a safe non harmful evacuation.

Material Used on Stairs: Reinforced concrete

Characteristics of reinforced concrete

1. Strength: R.C provide strength and stability to the stairs in case of an unexpected fire. It

is able to withstand massive weight of occupants while escaping the building in panic

situation.

2. Fire resistant: concrete is a natural resistant to heat and fire. It provide a fire resistant

barrier that prevents the fire spread from floor to floor for long period of time.

3. Thermal mass: concrete reduce the thermal heat gain of building. It prevent overheating

of small enclosed area which may cause the rises of internal temperature and cause

breathing difficulty during evacuation process.


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Locations: the building is five floors high, there are four fire escape stairs on each floor of the

building, located at the left and right side of the building. It provide easy accessibly from any

location in the building.

Specification of fire staircase found on site:

Tread - 260mm

Riser - 180mm

Total riser in a single flight - 9 risers

Width of stair case – 1200mm

Landing – 2570mm

Handrail – 900mm

Rules and regulation:

UBBL 168 part 8

Tread - not less than 225mm

Riser - not more than 180mm

Total riser in a single flight – not more than 16 risers

Width of stair case – not less than 910mm

Landing – length of landing not less than 2225mm

Handrail – not less than 900mm


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1.5 Conclusion Active Fire Protection System From the research and analysis, active and passive fire protection plays important role in protecting a building and occupants. Since Balakong Autohaus is only a Mercedes Showroom, it do not have so much system compared to Malls or other bigger building. But, the fire protection steps in Balakong Autohaus has clearly complies with the UBBL and each area are fully equip with fire protection system. They predicted which area to be more potential fire breakout and secure it with better fire protection system. They also update their appliances with the requirement that are given by the Bomba and also to ensure their worker safety. Without doubt, every area was perfectly covered with fire protection system and there is no further recommendation that I could suggest for Balakong Autohaus.

Passive Fire Protection System Fire wall

From the placement of the wall, it can effectively protect the occupants from emergency fire. The

walls is designed to last for 2hours when contact with fire. It has enough time for the evacuation

to carry on.

Fire Rated Door

From the quantities and placing of fire doors, it fulfilled the requirement from the local authorities.

The fire door effectively prevent the fire from entering to the emergency staircase. Besides that,

automatic door closers were installed in every fire rated door to ensure the door is always closed.

Smoke Curtain

The placement of the smoke curtain is suitable for this building type. When the fire happen, it help

to block the smoke so that the occupant can quickly escape the building through the showroom

corridor.

Separation of Fire Risk Area

The architect had done well in separation of fire risk area. It successfully prevent fire that cause

in services and maintenance area from separating to the show room area.


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Emergency Exit Signage

In this building, the exit signage can be found at the top of every fire exit door. The sign are also

lit 24/7 and the size of the signage is fulfilled the local authorities standard.

Fire Resistant Escape Stairs

Lasly, The fire staircase found on site has met the requirement of local authority’s standard.


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2.0 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

2.1 Introduction

This research paper covers the system of the air conditioning adopted by the chosen building,

Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Balakong Autohaus. This is for us to learn and acquire an in-depth

knowledge on how thermal comfort and improved indoor air quality can be achieved.

The purpose of an air conditioning is to help create a comfortable indoor environment, by

allowing air to be circulated throughout the building and expelling stale air, purifying it. It also

helps and improves the ventilation inside the building by controlling the temperature of each

area into a suitable degree as well as dehumidifying the air-conditioned area.

The Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Balakong Autohaus is a multi-story car showroom that requires the

aid of mechanical cooling to distribute fresh cool air. The topics that are covered in this research

paper are as follows:

- VRV/VRF (Variable Refregerant Flow) air conditioning system

- Basic Refrigeration Cycle

- Components of the air conditioning units


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2.2 Literature Review Air conditioning is the simultaneous mechanical control over temperature, humidity and air

motion. One of the most important components of the system is the air-distribution. The

processes of the components involve achieving a suitable level of temperature, humidity,

cleanliness and air motion in an occupied zone of the conditioned area. All of this is done in a

manner whereby the occupants would not feel any draft. (Ananthanarayanan, 2013)

The purpose of an air conditioning system is to improve indoor air quality and provides human

thermal comfort. These can be attained not only by controlling the level of the temperature, but

also the combination of the temperature of relative humidity and air movement around the

room. The central/package air conditioners are usually for a large area. It consists of a cycle where

the conditioned air is distributed throughout the area and the air that has picked up moisture

and heat will be returned to the air conditioning apparatus for cooling.

Another type of an air conditioning system is the centralized system. Central air conditioners

have a centralized duct system, which has an air handler, air supply system, air return duct and

the grilles and register, which circulates warm air from a furnace or cooled air from central air

conditioning to our room. It then returns the air back to the system and starts again. (Central-air

conditioner and refrigeration.com, 2014)

A small sized rooms or houses require a room/split system air conditioner. A split system consists

of two parts, the outdoor unit that houses the compressor, condenser and expansion valve and

the indoor unit, which houses the evaporator or cooling coil and cooling fan. In small sized

commercial or office buildings, the multi split system were usually used instead. It is similar to

the split system but with an ability to connect a single outdoor unit via refrigerant grade piping

to multiple indoor units, which can be mounted in a number of rooms throughout the building.


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2.3 Finding and Analysis

2.3.1 VRV / VRF (Variable refrigerant flow) air conditioning

system

Hap Seng Realty Mercedes Benz Bakalong is separated into two compartment, a show room and

a workshop. The air conditioning system are mainly used in the showroom compartment. VRV

(Variable refrigerant volume) system is adopted in showroom compartment. Unlike the

traditional split unit that used one to one split system, VRV air conditioning are able to provide

total versatility and each indoor unit may cool / heat independently of each other.

Figure 3.1: Diagram of VRV system work. (Indiamart.com)

In this case the heat extracted from zones requiring cooling is put to use in the zones requiring

heating. This is made possible because the heating unit is functioning as a condenser, providing

sub-cooled liquid back into the line that is being used for cooling. With this VRV air conditioning

system, it greatly help Hap Seng Realty Mercedes Benz showroom to achieve thermal comfort,

meanwhile also promote the idea of energy saving.


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2.3.2 Basic Refrigeration Cycle

VRV air conditioning use refrigerant as the cooling medium rather than chilled water, and this

allow VRV air conditioning system cooling particular zone while heating, removing heat or stop

functioning at other zone. As for Economy purpose, all air conditioners use the same cycle of

compression, condensation, expansion, and evaporation in a closed circuit.

These are few principle of refrigeration.

Liquids absorb heat when changed from liquid to gas

Gases give off heat when changed from gas to liquid

Figure 3.2 : Basic

Refrigeration cycle

(Source : https://www.swtc.

edu/ag _power/air_conditioning/

lecture/basic_cycle.htm

The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a low-pressure gas, it is compressed and

then moves out of the compressor as a high-pressure gas.

The gas then flows to the condenser. Here the gas condenses to a liquid, and gives off its

heat to the outside air.

The liquid then moves to the expansion valve under high pressure. This valve restricts the

flow of the fluid, and lowers its pressure as it leaves the expansion valve.

The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator, where heat from the inside air is

absorbed and changes it from a liquid to a gas.

As a hot low-pressure gas, the refrigerant moves to the compressor where the entire cycle

is repeated.


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2.4 Components

2.4.1 Outdoor units

Figure 3.3: Outdoor units located on the rooftop of the building (source: Benard Chin, 2015)

VRV HVAC (heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems offer high levels of energy efficiency, as well as flexibility . They operate quietly and provide the user full control of the environmental temperatures. While traditional HVAC systems are often limited to one condensing unit, one compressor and one evaporator, a VRV system can be designed to specifically meet the needs of the building. One condensing unit can be connected to several evaporators, each of which are individually controlled. In a traditional HVAC system, the system kicks on when a room is too warm or cold; however, a VRV system constantly adjusts the amount of refrigerant being sent to each evaporator and takes advantage of existing heat or cool air in the building. This varying speed allows the system to work only as needed in each area to maintain the comfort level .

The benefit of VRV provided to this showroom is that VRV system outdoor unit can connected to several indoor units (8 units), so the spaces required for VRV system outdoor unit is lesser than conventional system.


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Figure 3.4 : A diagram showing how VRV outdoor unit is connected to the indoor unit ( Source :

http://www.masonbarry.com/VRV )

Most of the indoor unit in Hap Seng Mercedes Benz showroom is connected to VRV Outdoor unit.

Due to the economy purpose, some of the office are using Room Air-Conditioner system.

Figure 3.5 : Outdoor unit for Room Air-Conditioner system.

http://www.masonbarry.com/VRV


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2.4.2 Indoor units

The Indoor units used in Hap Seng Mercedes Benz showroom is ceiling mounted cassette type.

The benefits of this kind of indoor units given to Hap send Mercedes Benz showroom is that, the

slim design enables flexible installation to narrow ceiling and also it can hide above ceiling to

create a clean and neat ceiling look and this fits the requirement to achieve a high-end

showroom.

Figure 3.6: Indoor unit used in Hap Seng Showroom (Source : Benard Chin, 2014)

Figure 3.7: A diagram of how a ceiling mounted cassette type work

This ceiling mounted cassette type extract heat from one zone and providing other zone that

need cooling, this greatly help achieving energy saving in such a big showroom.


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2.5 Conclusion

The market of the VRV/VRF air conditioning system is rapidly increasing in the modern world as

it provides with a lot of advantages:

• Simultaneous heating and cooling between zones or known as ‘total heat recovery,’ this effectively allows us to redirect heat in a building to where it is needed.

• Double heat recovery between zones using the refrigerant circuit and between refrigerant systems, using the ambient loop. This allows us to further optimize energy savings.

• Smaller and lighter than comparable rooftop systems or chillers of similar tonnage enabling easier installation and avoiding the need for a dedicated mechanical room.

• Capital cost savings from space savings. • Design flexibility due to the ability to use a variety of indoor units of different capacity and

design. • Modular design enables phased conditioning of the building as different areas become

occupied during construction or renovation and easily adapts to changes in room layouts. • High coefficient of performance (COP) meaning the system is very efficient. For every 1kW of

electrical power used by the system, generally 4- 5kW of heating/cooling are provided to the occupants. COP can reach 8 – 10 in heat recovery mode.

• Long pipe runs when compared to other refrigerant based heat pump’s allowing for greater flexibility in design.

• Available in both water or air source configurations to suit specific applications. • Quiet operation compared to conventional heat pump systems as the compressor pump for

VRF is typically located outside the space being conditioned. There is very little, if any discernible noise other air velocity from a fractional HP fan through discrete grills.

However, there are several disadvantages that need to be reconsidered. Costs will depend on

application but are currently generally equitably to older, less efficient technology. As this leading

edge technology is adopted into the industry, VRF will become even more cost effective over

traditional systems. Reliability. VRF systems are modular (typically one ‘system’ per floor)

compared with central plant systems. This means that if a system were to fail, only one floor

would normally be affected. As VRF systems are small packaged systems they can be readily

repaired. If a chiller plant fails, typically the entire building is affected and repairs are usually

more complicated. Compared with Heat pump systems, one VRF condensing unit can serve up to

50 Fan Coils. Heat Pumps utilize a compressor in each unit, potentially increasing serviceability

requirements, especially when equipment reaches typical life expectancy. Leaks are highly

unlikely to be a problem with a professionally installed VRF system, and no more likely than any

other refrigerant based system. However, if one were to occur, VRF systems use a relatively small

amount of refrigerant compared to other systems.


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3.0 MECHANICAL VENTILATION

SYSTEM

3.1 Introduction

Air Exhaust / Ventilation Fan Applications in Hazardous Location Use Hazardous location air exhaust / ventilation fan (sometimes called explosion proof) may be required in any area where the presence of flammable gases, vapors or finely pulverized dust in the atmosphere is sufficient to create a threat of an explosion or fire. It may also be required where easily ignitable fibers or flying's are present. The following information is a representative, but is not an all-inclusive, list of the types of locations and operations that require hazardous location air exhaust / ventilation equipment in at least certain areas.


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In commercial developments, mechanical ventilation is typically driven by air handling units (AHU) connected to ductwork within the building that supplies air to and extracts air from the interior. Typically they comprise an insulated box that forms the housing for; filter racks or chambers, a fan (or blower), and sometimes heating elements, cooling elements, sound attenuators and dampers. In some situations, such as in swimming pools, air handling units might include dehumidification. The design of mechanical ventilation systems is generally a specialist task, undertaken by a building services engineering. Whilst there are standards and rules of thumb that can be used to determine air flow rates for straight-forward situations, when mechanical ventilation is combined with heating, cooling, humidity control and the interaction with natural ventilation, thermal mass and solar gain, the situation can quickly become very complicated. This, along with additional complications, such as the noise generated by fans, and the impact of ductwork on acoustic separation means it is vital building service are considered at the outset of the building design process, and not seen as an add-on.


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3.3 Air Handling Unit (AHU)

FIGURE 4.1: AHU ROOFTOP OUTPUT

Air handling unit [AHU] air handler, or air handling unit (often called an AHU), is used to condition and circulate air as part of an HVAC system. An air handler usually contains a blower, heating or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to ductwork that distribute the conditioned air through the building and return it to the AHU. Small air handlers are called terminal units, and may only include an air filter, coil, and blower. These smaller units are also called blower coils or fan coil units. A larger air handler that conditions 100% outside air, and no re-circulated air, is known as a makeup air unit (MAU). An air handler designed for outdoor use, typically on roofs, is known as a rooftop unit (RTU).


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3.4 Industrial Circular Fan

An air circulator is basically a fan. Although the term “air circulator” most often refers to an industrial fan that is used in a warehouse, factory, or office building, it can also refer to a regular household fan. Air circulators also refer to air conditioning units and other types of air cooling devices. They are designed to cool a room or area in very hot environments. For example, factories that have many people and machines often become hot very quickly. Likewise, homes can also become very hot due to so much movement. An air circulators can remedy this as it moves hot air around.

FIGURE4.2: INDUSTRIAL CIRCULAR FAN


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3.5 Air Duct System

FIGURE4.3: DUCT SYSTEM

The duct, or air distribution, system used in cooling and heating your home is a collection of tubes that

distributes the heated or cooled air to the different rooms. This branching network of rectangular tubes—

usually constructed of sheet metal, fiberglass board, or a flexible plastic-and-wire composite. The duct

system is designed to supply rooms with air that is “conditioned"—that is, heated or cooled by the

heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment—and to circulate or return the same volume

of air back to the HVAC equipment.

Typical air-duct systems lose 25 to 40% of the heating or cooling energy put out by the cooling and heating system. Leaks, one way in which conditioned air is lost in the duct system, make the HVAC system work harder, thus increasing your utility bill. In addition, duct leakage can lessen comfort and endanger your health and safety. Your duct system has two main air-transfer systems—supply and return. The supply side delivers the conditioned air to the home through individual room registers—what you feel blowing out of the registers. The return side withdraws inside air and delivers it to the air handler of your central system. All of the air drawn into the return duct(s) is conditioned and should be delivered back through the supply register.


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3.5.1 Single Duct System

FIGURE4.4: SINGLE DUCT SYSTEM

FIGURE4.5: VAV SYSTEM

Usually the air volumes required to cool a space greatly exceed that required for ventilation. It is usual therefore to employ a mixing box, usually part of the AHU, equipped with a set of modulating dampers which can recirculate varying amounts of outside air in mid-season to take advantage of “free cooling”.


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3.5.2 Double Duct System

FIGURE4.6: DOUBLE DUCT SYSTEM

FIGURE4.7: VAV SYSTEM

Dual duct systems distribute air through two ducts, one hot and the other cold, and the air is mixed in a "mixing box" in each zone to give the required supply temperature. These systems are very flexible and effective in dealing with a wide range of sensible loads. However the systems are expensive in terms of both equipment and duct distribution space because of the need for two supply ducts. This usually results in high velocity distribution to reduce the space requirements which in turn has a penalty in higher power requirements for the high pressure fans.


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3.6 Exhaust Ventilation

FIGURE4.6: EXHAUSTED FAN (OUTPUT) FOR HARMFUL GAS

FIGURE4.6: EXHAUSTED FAN (OUTPUT) LOCATED ON THE ROOF TOP


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3.7 Conclusion According to the UBBL requirement and regulation (UBBL 2012, amendments on EE and MS 1525), each mechanical ventilation system (supply and/ or exhaust) shall be equipped with readily accessible switch or the means for shut-off or volume reduction when ventilation is required.

In the AHU room, there is control switch box which proved the UBBL requirement mentioned before has been applied to Balakong Autohaus Mercedes showroom. According to MS1525 year 2007, ACMV system should be equipped with automatic controls capable of Accomplishing a reduction of energy use for example through equipment shutdown during periods of non – users or alternative use of the spaces served by the system.

Since Balakong Autohaus is a showroom, it is schedule to be open during working days and working hours only with the exception of any events being held there. In conclusion, the system used for Balakog Autohaus is appreciate to the building size and purposes. The components are all placed at an appropriate location, well- maintained and taken care of. Every mechanical components are also adequate for a building of that scale.


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4.0 MECHANICAL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

4.1 Introduction

The research of mechanical transportation system will be within Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd,

Mercedes Balakong Autohaus. The case study will be compiled base on details of the mechanical

transportation at Mercedes Balakong Autohaus. The referencing will be conformance to UBBL-

Mechanical Transportation system as requirements. Mercedes Balakong Autohaus is a

showroom & workshop, hence the building a 3 storey high while the lifts we’re there for

convenient usage for passengers to travel between levels to levels in the building.

Literature review will be explaining some typical mechanical transportation and elaborates on

the type of mechanical transportation. This research will concludes an analysis and

recommendations for improvements to the mechanical transportation system in Mercedes

Balakong Autohaus. Installing lift systems allows more mobility and accessibility which are greatly

expanded, somehow it also allow for more efficient and comfortable workspace.

A design of an architect also includes the design space of a lift waiting area. The lift waiting area

requires certain area for passengers to wait for the lift to ride on. In the case study of Mercedes

Balakong Autohaus lifts, The lifts in the showroom & workshop is meant for disables usage,

convenient movement to each floor & also goods transportation only. The maintenance cost for

each lift to service wouldn’t take up much time because there’s only 2 units and it well organized

for it current placed locations.

The maintenance for lift system must be in diligent and thorough. Each and every components

must be kept in top conditions, it’s to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers while

utilizing the lift. Lift system also must be built and implemented into the building according with

the Uniform Building By-Laws ( UBBL ) to ensure safety usage and standardization of mechanical

of the lift system.


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The Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Mercedes Balakong Autohaus is a showroom & workshop building of

3 floors. As this building is divided into 2 sections. Section 1, which is the showroom will have 1

lift for their customers to excess floors easier. Section 2, the lift will be a service lift for

transporting vehicle to specific levels of the workshop. The two sections is classified as passenger

lift and service lift.

The lift are to ease the transportation of passengers and goods ( lift cars up to 1,000kg ). With

the technologies they have today, working / moving each of the goods will be so much convenient

and safer in the present days today.

According to Uniform Building By-Laws ( UBBL ), Under Section 124, Lifts.

‘’For all non-residential buildings exceeding four storeys above or below the main access level

at least one lift shall be provided.’’

According to Act 139 Factories and Machinery act 1967, Under Section 12 Part II, Lifting of

weights

‘’ No person shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause

bodily injury to him.’’

Which this will ensure the comfort and usage for passenger towards the lifts and also increases

the efficiency to access between floors.


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According to Uniform Building By-Laws ( UBBL ), Under Section 153, Smoke detectors for lift

lobbies.

(1) ‘’All lift lobbies shall be provided with smoke detectors.’’

(2) ‘’Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening devices controlled by

light beam or photo-detectors unless incorporated with a force close feature which after

thirty seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to close within a preset

time.’’

By-Law Section 153, smoke detectors for lift lobbies shows that every lift must have a fire alarm

system inside. It’s because of in case of an emergency. Most of the detectors are hidden inside

lifts, due to aesthetic purposes. This is to ensure total safety not just outside around the building

and it applies also inside a lift.

The location of the lifts in Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, is located as shown in Figure 4.2.0, as

highlight on the ground floor plan. First lift will be located near the entrance on the right side of

the Figure 4.2.0, which is highlighted in red. For the service lift, It’s located behind the workshop.

It’s indicated in green, left hand side of the Figure 4.2.0, on ground floor plan.

The lift indicated in red, approximately dimension is 4600mm x 5120mm. This usage is for

passenger access to floors including disables usage for this. The lift indicated in green,

approximately 5000mm x 7000mm. This is a service lift for delivery their cars to specialist

workshop levels. Hence these cars doesn’t need to spent much petrol going up ramps rather than

just use the lift.


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Figure 4.2.0; Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, Ground Floor Plan, N.T.S. Indication location of lift

located in red is passenger lift which connects from Ground floor to Second floor, highlighted in

green is service lift which connects ground floor to roof floor for parking.

(Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, 2015)


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Figure 4.2.1; Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, Passenger Lift Plan Drawing. N.T. S

The lift is specifically just for passenger. Which is connected to 2 floors.



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Figure 4.2.2; Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, Section, N.T.S . Indication location of lift located in

red is passenger lift which connects from Ground floor to Second floor



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Figure 4.2.3; Mercedes Balakong Autohaus, Car Lift Plan Drawing, N. T. S

The lift is specifically just for Cars. Which is connected to 3 floors.



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4.3 Operation Of Lift System

Mercedes Balakong Autohaus uses ‘’ Machine Rooms-Less (MRL) Lift ‘’ lift system. The lift is

connected to a computerized system. The system is also be monitored from the general control

room in the security room. ( As It’s private & confidential for the location, info’s of the control

room )

The control room control’s & observes each and every movement of the lift and footage of CCTV.

As the staff can monitor the control of lift from the control room. In case of fire situations, both

lift is installed with fire alarm detector system. If the alarm goes off, the control room will be

immediately notified. For safety reasons, if there’s a breakdown / issues for any of those 2 lifts,

the control room will also be notified immediately, regardless on which floor the control room

can see it clearly from there. Every lift is also installed with speaker system, this is for safety

reasons & emergency, just to communicate if there’s any issues / problems inside the lift, while

the person in charge / mechanic in charge will be notify and be called in for immediate repairing.


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4.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS

4.4.1 Lift System ( A ) Machine –Room Less Lift

-Passenger Lift, highlighted in red, Location in refer figure 4.2.0

The ‘’Machine-Room Less Lift’’ (MRL), are a type of traction lift which do not require a machine

room at the top of the hoistway. The MRL instead have the traction hoisting machine installed

either on the top side wall of the hoistway or on the bottom of the hoistway. While the hoisting

motor is installed on the hoistway side wall, the main controller is installed on the top floor next

to the landing doors. The controller is situated behind a locked cabinet which have to be unlocked

using a key for maintenance, repair or emergency purposes.

Figure 4.4.0 : Diagram showing the components of the lift system. As diagram is showing the lift

system of Machine-Room Less Lift (MRL) and also the placement of MRL machine, counter

weight and etc.



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4.4.2 Machine-Room Less System Components

For the machine-room less system, the hoistway is considered as the most important part of for

the lift. It’s simply because due to extra spaces above required to accommodate the miniaturized

machine. However, space between the car and the hoistway walls must also be considered

wisely, as the openings in the hoistway must follow the lift car as it approaches all the floor levels.

Figure 4.4.1 ; Diagram showing the hoistway plan & section of machine-room less system

(KONE, 2015)

TYPICAL HOISTWAY PLAN TYPICAL HOISTWAY

SECTION


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Figure 4.4.2 ; Picture of Machine-Room Less Lift place next to the reception entrance


(KONE, 2015)


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Figure 4.4.2 ; Picture of Machine-Room Less Lift. Lift components as shown in pictures.


(KONE, 2015)


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Figure 4.4.3 ; Picture of Machine-Room Less Lift. Lift components as shown in pictures.

Interior components &


(KONE, 2015)

According to Act 139 Factories and Machinery act 1967, Under Section 12 Part II, Lifting of

weights

‘’ No person shall be employed to lift, carry or move any load so heavy as to be likely to cause

bodily injury to him.’’


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4.4.3 Lift System ( B ) Geared Traction Lift

-Car Lift, highlighted in green, Location in refer figure 4.2.0

The Geared Traction Lift, the electric motor in this design drives a gear-type reduction unit, which

turns the hoisting sheave. While slower than a typical gearless elevator, the gear reduction offers

the advantage of requiring a less powerful motor to turn the sheave. These elevators typically

operate at speeds from 350 to 500 feet per minute (1.7 to 2.5 meters per second) and carry loads

of up to 30,000 pounds (13,600 kgs)( which is applied in the building for lifting cars to certain

levels ). An electrically controlled brake between the motor and the reduction unit stops the

elevator, holding the car at the desired floor level.

Figure 4.4.4 : Diagram showing the components of the lift system. As diagram is showing the lift

system of Geared Traction Elevators and also the placement of geared machine, counter weight

and etc.



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4.4.4 Geared Traction Elevator System Components

The way of the control system works for geared traction elevator system is, receives signal and

the lift cars are pulled up by the hoisting rope over a sheave and it is powered by geared machine.

The elevator car is balanced by a counterweight. Therefore the electrical controlled brake is

installed between the motor and reduction unit stops the lift & holds the car at the desired floor

destinated.

Figure 4.4.5 :

Shows the

picture of the

geared traction

lift on the

ground floor.

Figure 4.4.6 : Shows the picture of operating panel

from outside of the lift. ( The lift is not in use )

(Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Mercedes Balakong

Autohaus, 2015)


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4.4.5 Machine Room

The location of the machine room is located above the hoistway on the roof level of the

Mercedes Balakong Autohaus. The machine room is where the control system & geared

machine is placed in.

Figure 4.4.7 ;

Location of

machine

room on roof

level of

Mercedes

Balakong

Autohaus.

Figure 4.4.8 ; Location of car lift below the machine room on roof level of

Mercedes Balakong Autohaus.


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Figure 4.4.9 ; Diagram of a geared machine which is located inside the machine room

GEARED MACHINE


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Figure 4.4.10 ; Section drawing of a diagram of a geared machine which is located inside the machine

room

GEARED MACHINE

SECTION


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4.5 Fire Lift System

The fire lift system is mainly applied all over the building, hence also in the lift. It’s main ability is

for safety. Therefore, the fire indicator will illuminate and a buzzer will sound during fire

emergency operation. While during the fire service operation, the elevators will be back to

ground floor, and lastly the door will be remain open until the fire operation have been dis-alarm.

4.6 Conclusion

Overall conclusion for mechanical transport system would be, Mercedes Balakong Autohaus have

wise choice of having just 2 mechanical transport. As these 2 transports made the transportation

more convenient for the passengers and also transporting the cars. As also the building lift is fully

comply with UBBL and well maintained till today. Lastly, the building & mechanical

transportations are fully functioning well for their building service.


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GENERAL CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the building services in Hap Seng Star Sdn Bhd, Balakong Autohaus is both efficient

and sufficient. Majority of its components adhere to their basic requirements and followed the

Uniform Building By-Law codes and the MS 1525 requirements.

Throughout this assignment, we gained the knowledge of being able to identify the system

components involved in the following building services: fire protection system, mechanical

ventilation and air-conditioning system and mechanical transportation system. We also gained

the knowledge of being able to identify the estimate dimensions of the components and the

spaces required for these components.


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REFERENCES

Introduction

About us. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.hapseng.mercedes-

benz.com.my/content/malaysia/retailer/hapseng/en/home/passengercars/home/about_us.html

Malaysia,. Uniform Building By-Laws. Kuala Lumpur: N.p., 1984. Print.

Fire Protection System

Hall, Frederick E. 1997. Building Services and Equipment. Volume 2. 2nd Edition.


Ching, Francis D.K. 2012. Building Codes Illustrated. 4th Edition. Wiley.

McMorrough, Julia. 2013. The Architecture Reference +Specification Book. Rockport

How Fires Start. (2012, November 14). How Fires Start. Retrieved October 11, 2014, from http://www.ocfire.com/start.htm

How do sprinklers work – Fire Busters Inc.. (n.d). How do sprinklers work – Fire Busters Inc. . Retrieved September 8,2014, from http://www.firebusters.com/sprforhome/howsprswork.phtml

FireSafeEurope : Active or Passive Protection. (n.d). Fire safe Europe. Retrieved September 6, 2014, from http://www.firesafeeurope.eu/fire-safety/active-or-passive-fire-protection

Malaysia Fire Fighting Equipment | Hose & Fitting Supplier | Mechanical Seal | Oil Seal | Instrumentation Valve & Fitting. (n.d). Fire Detection & Alarm System. Retrieved August 27, 2014, from http”//www.petromas.com.my/catalog/fire-detection-alarm-system-p-146.html

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Air Conditioning System

(n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.fujiaire.com.my/upload/VRF.pdf


What are the main disadvantages of the VRF system? (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.bayt.com/en/specialties/q/118918/what-are-the-main-disadvantages-of-the-vrf-system/ Disadvantages of using a cooling and heating VRV/VRF system in a tropical area. (n.d.). Retrieved

November 22, 2015, from http://hvac-talk.com/vbb/showthread.php?1429131-Disadvantages-of-using-

a-cooling-and-heating-VRV-VRF-system-in-a-tropical-area

(n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.fujiaire.com.my/upload/VRF.pdf

Jackson Engineering Advisers. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.advisers.co.nz/vrf-systems

(n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.seedengr.com/Variable Refrigerant Flow Systems.pdf

Mechanical Ventilation System


Butler, K. (2015). Mechanical Ventilation. Beama.org.uk. Retrieved 10 May 2015, from http://www.beama.org.uk/en/product-areas/heating-hot-water-- air-movement/mechanical-ventilation/

Airconditioning-systems.com,. (2015). Air Handling Unit. Retrieved 10 May 2015, from http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-handling-unit.html

Mechanical Transportation System


KONE Elevators/Lifts. (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.kone.my/elevators-lifts/ (n.d.). Retrieved November 22, 2015, from http://www.agc.gov.my/Akta/Vol. 3/Act 139.pdf Ching, Francis D.K. 2012. Building Codes Illustrated. 4th Edition. Wiley.

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http://www.airconditioning-systems.com/air-handling-unit.html

http://www.kone.my/elevators-lifts/

Building Services

Environment

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