EMT 157

EM2D

Faerina Mohd Nasir

Izzah Atira Dolmat

Nik Nur Fatin Najwa Nik Hassan

Nur Hasimah Mahamood

Mohamad Syahir Md Azam

Muhammad Ariff Khamzah

FOUNDATION

Definition

“A foundation is the base on which a building rests and its purpose is to safely transfer the

load of a building to a suitable subsoil”

Factors need to consider when choosing the type of foundation

The capacity of the subsoil

Cost involved

Total loads of the building

Type of loads of the buildingTotal loads of the building

DeadImposedWind

Factors need to consider when choosing the type of foundation

Cost involved

Total loads of the building

The capacity of the subsoil

The capacity of the subsoil

Wrong subsoil might cause movement of building

Wrong subsoil may release harmful material

An adequate depth can help retain the building position

Avoid shrinkage and sediment from soil

Types of Foundation

Shallow Foundation :

Strip

Raft

Deep Foundation :

Piling

Pad

Pad

Non cohesive soil

What kind of soil suitable for Pad foundation?

Non cohesive soil

A soil such as gravel or sand in which the particles do not stick together, as opposed to a sticky clay or claylike silt.

Pad

How does it look like?

• For buildings not more than 4 storey

• Made by using formwork

• Not for load bearing building

• Column stump is square shaped

• Usually made by concrete

• Transmit loads from column

• The more wider area, the more thicker the foundation

Characteristic of Pad Foundation

Site Visit

On the 23rd of March a survey has been done

• The site is for commercial building• This project under MRCB• For 8 months on August 2010 they started for soil investigation• For 2 months on February 2011 they started for site investigation• Now they are doing the process of foundation by steps• Two types of foundation use for the project

> Piling – for high rise building> Pad – for building less than 3 storey building

• Use reinforcement concrete• Concrete mix of 1:3:6

Process in making Pad Foundation

1. Clearing the site 2. Excavate : small excavation because pad foundation requires small size of space

Process in making Pad Foundation

3. Formwork for Padfilling

4. Install reinforcement : up to ground floor: extra reinforcement called

starter bar

Process in making Pad Foundation

5. Pour concrete into the Formwork :column stump

6. Let concrete cured then Earthbackfill

Process in making Pad Foundation

7. Place Formwork and installreinforcement for ground beam

8. Pour concrete then backfill slabbase and soil compaction

Advantages of Pad Foundation

Disadvantages of Pad Foundation

Shallow form of foundation needs little excavation

Shape can be designed to accommodate tight sites

Economic due to control of size

Can become very large if used for high point loads

Limited to dealing with point loads

Conclusions

Easy to make

More economical

The right types of foundation in the right types of subsoil will prevent from cracking

THANK YOU

It’s Q&A session