BUILDING MATERIAL

PALESTINE UNIVERSITY

Steel

Dr. Ali I. TayehDr. Ali I. TayehENG.EMAN ELSHAIKH KHALEELENG.EMAN ELSHAIKH KHALEEL

Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban PlanningDept. of Architecture

LECTURE OUTLINES

• GENEARAL.• ADVANTAGES OF STEEL AS A CONSTRUCTION

MAYERAIL.• DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL AS A

CONSTRUCTION MAYERAIL.• Chemical Composition of Structural Steels• STEEL ALLOYS• STEEL SECTIONS• SIMPLE CONNECTIONS

STEEL General

Steel is a structural material which consists mostly of iron and carbon. It can, however,

contain other additives which might change the steel's

properties. Steel can be hot rolled or cold formed into structural

shapes, such as the familiar "I" beam.

Steel has the same strength in tension as it has in

compression, unlike concrete.

STEELGeneral

There are some tests for steel must be applied as :

• Tension test: this test used to measure the material

properties of a steel.

• Beam bending test: this test used to measure the

material properties of a specimenعينة and the

effectiveness of the orientation of the beam.

Steel in architectural building

• The use of steel structures permits designers to experiment with many architectural forms and artistic expression which are more difficult to build in conventional concrete framed structures.

• With steel, more challenging and creative designs can now be considered leading to buildings that are aesthetically distinctive and if high build quality.

• A steel building is a metal structure with steel for the cladding and internal support. Such buildings are used for a variety of purposes including storage, office space and living space.

Advantages of steel as a construction material

• High load resisting عالية أحمال تحمل على القدرة• High ductility عالية مرونة

• Easy control for steel structure التحكم سهل

• Elastic properties المرونة • High quality. عالية جودة

• Aesthetic.الجمالية • Low maintenance cost منخفضة الصيانة تكلفة• Non combustible. لالحتراق قابل غير

• Strong, durable and stable. ومستقر ودائم .قوي

• Enables good design and safety.

• Sustainable to temperature effects.

• Rigid and dimensionally stable. األبعاد وثابت صارم• Construction is fast compared to other materials.

• Resistant destructive insects' المدمرة للحشرات .مقاومة

• Cheaper than any other construction methods.

• Heat conductivity

Advantages of steel as a construction material

Disadvantages of steel as a construction material

1. No ability to resist the fire

2. No ability to resist the corrosion

3. High cost

STEEL Chemical Composition of Structural Steels

The primary types of structural steel are usually classified

according to the following chemical composition

categories:

• Carbon-manganese steels

• High-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels

• High-strength quenched and tempered alloy steels

STEEL some elements used in structural steels:

Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Aluminum (Al) Chromium (Cr) Columbium (Cb) Copper (Cu) Molybdenum (Mo) Nickel (Ni) Phosphorus (P) and Sulfur (S) Silicon (Si) Vanadium (V) Other chemical elements

• Steel Material with Large Cross-section

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

Steel material with large cross-section

• Thin Steel Plate:-

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

Tee Bares

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

Flat baresSquare bares

Round baresHexagon bares Square tubing

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

Round ShaftingHoned Shafting

I Beam Section

STEEL Structural Steel Sections

– Bar Size Shapes

– Structural-Size Shapes

– "W" Shapes

– "HP" Shapes

• "L" Shapes

STEEL Market forms of Steel

•"S" Shapes

•"C" Shapes

•"M" Shapes

•"MC" Shapes

SIMPLE CONNECTIONSSIMPLE CONNECTIONS• Connections of structural steel members are of

critical importance. An inadequate connection, which can be the "weak link" in a structure, has been the cause of numerous failures. Failure of structural members is rare; most structural failures are the result of poorly designed or detailed connections. The problem is compounded by the confusion that sometimes exists regarding responsibility for the design of connections.

• Modern steel structures are connected by weLding or bolting or by a combination of both.

• Welding has several advantages over bolting. A weLded connection is often simpler in concept and requires few, if any, holes . Connections that are extremely complex with fasteners can become very simple when welds are used.

SIMPLE SIMPLE CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS

In considering the behavior of different types of

connections,• The tension member splices shown below subject

the fasteners to forces that tend to shear the shank of the fastener. Similarly, the weld shown below must resist shearing forces.

• The connection of a bracket to a column flange, as in next Figure, whether by fasteners or welds, subjects the connection to shear when loaded as shown.

SIMPLE SIMPLE CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS

The nominal loads and load combinations shall be as

stipulated by the applicable code under which the structure

is designed or dictated by the conditions involved. In the

absence of a code, the loads, including impact and crane

loads, and load combinations, shall be those stipulated in

ASCE 7. For design purposes, the loads stipulated by the

applicable code or ASCE 7 shall be taken as nominal loads.

STEEL Basic Definitions

STEEL Loads

Trusses are structures composed entirely of two force members .

They consists generally of triangular sub-element and are

constructed and supported so as to prevent any motion.

STEEL Trusses

STEEL Trusses

STEEL

END