Building Failure- Case Study...

Transcript of Building Failure- Case Study...

8/20/2019 Building Failure- Case Study

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1.

1.1

      (Economic)

(Servicability)    (Safety) (Service Life)        (Assurance)       (User)



     1

1.2 (Factor of Safety)





    (Materials)

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   2



   (Labour)  (Production)

5%    5%       10%

   (Usage)                (Live Load)       (Uniform Load)     (Constant)

     (Point Load)                                    (Point Load)   (Moving)



    ( 50 )                                      (Code of Practice)         (...)

1.3



(Loading)







    (Point Load)

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       Moving Load

(Dynamic Load)               (Vibration)

        -    (Negative Skin Friction)    (Land

Subsidence)

1.4 (USAGE)

                                                      200         500





1.5

(Inspection and Maintenance)

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1.6



             (WorkingLoad)       0.1 – 0.2

     2

1.7

                       (Mass)

            (Working Load)



     3

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2.         2

2.1





2.2















3.



3.1    (Over Loading)

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               Factorof Safety











3.1.1     -

          Catalogue

1 3    .

         3       3                        3   65      4.68                  2        3.50

     4

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3.1.2            Over-Loading





2 16               (Progressive Failure)          12

     9 2534 3                      12  6        14   1.5         1              5    5      200

      1 - 2         12             14        11

      Progressive Failure        12

     5           12

3.1.3 Over-Loading

               Redundant       Moment Redistribution             (Total Failure)          Under-design                           Shear Strength

3.1.3.1

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     6

3.1.3.2

                     45

     7

3.1.3.3                       45                    1     2-3

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     8

3.1.4 Over-Loading

             Code of Practice     Factor of

Safety       Over-Loading                     Over-Loading

Under-Design                ( )

3 11    11           7

   11                                         5 2533

     9 11

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4 3    3                        11

2531         3

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3.1.5     Over-Loading

   10 - 20 %           Under-Design              Negative Skin Friction

5 3    36/1    3     9     14            12

2542       0.5                                    9           6                      1 - 2         Negative Skin Friction

    10

     11 3

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3.1.6

                                                          1     2         3     4     20     1     2              50 %        1     5          20 %           2

6   6     146/1       () 3      4 16 14                         1     13           30 .                                      3.50 15     17 2542

     12 3



3.1.7     (Modification)

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     13   1 –2                  100 – 200%

3.2     (Under – Design)







        (Super Imposed Dead Load)



           -



(Negative Skin Friction )    (Land Subsidence)



1

2

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3.2.1     (Land Subsidence)

                           UnderConsolidation         (Land Subsidence)                  LandSubsidence                 (NegativeSkin Friction)      Factor ofSafety                   (Deferential Settlement)

7 3     . 21 3      8     18          80

    29 2541 10                                 Factorof Safety                                   Factor of Safety     Negative Skin Friction                30 – 40 .

    10 2544 (      3 ) 3      5                            3                   100

     14 3      8     18      80    10

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     15 3      5    3       13

4. (Stability of Structure)



Fx = 0

Fy = 0

Fz = 0 M = 0

     Side-Sway -    Over-Turning -    Sliding -    Buckling of Column -



                      (Slide)        2 – 3

             (Dowel)

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4.1

                            Factor of Safety

8         21                  2    21

          1-1/4    2                                   7    2535     50 13

     16        50 13 9    .               27 2540 Flat

Slab 25 1 1                                                           8.50 x .

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4.2    (Side Sway)

                                       HingeJoint

   10     . 57      80 200 20

20 4              - - Pin Joint         Non-Moment Resisting Frame             2540

     18

11 Pipe Rack         (Pipe Rack) 8 6

9 Portal Frame          2    Pipe Rack MomentResisting Frame                  Pipe Rack        Sliding Joint    Non - Moment Resisting Structure     8 x     11 2539

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5.       (Settlement and Soil Movement)

5.1



12    4    5 16 4

                                         Moment                   Moment

     20    4

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13 2       2     8 60

    Span x          2.50 0.20x .      I . x .    16                            Moment Resisting Frame           5 1 3     18 2534

     21    2        2.50

5.2

Land Subsidence     Negative Skin Friction

14 3    4 16 3

   6 9       3       3     Frame      Moment

Moment           15     2535

     22    3           6

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5.3



15 4     .28 14          2

     8 - 12      30 - 40    Strap Beam                     1 ( 1 )             2 3.50 2

         I . x . 30

     23 4

16   2    3 2     18    1    4         0.18 x . x .         1          1 – 2 2                        24 2534

     24 2

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6.    (Defect of Detailing)

                                                   Shop Drawing Concept

                1) Lack of Details / Design Defects

2)

Bad Installation / Poor Practice3) Lack of Quality Control





17   . 10

WF x x .      9.60 (Cantilever) .        Bolt      DB 8       (Base Plate) 450 x x12 .    25 .       DB                    (Canti lever) 21    1 2     24 2534

     25 4.30 21

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18 .            6.00 x .

2    8 2539             16.80

8      Bracket     Bracket Bracket     Bracket       Bolt          DB 3 - 5              Bracket                                Bracket    Fix Joint

     27

     28

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19        4.50 99

   03.30 .    1 2545 3                DB .. 3      300 x x ..           DB ..          2                                                  8

     29         3

     30          3 DB

2 DB 25

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7.      (Bad Construction Method or Low Quality)

            2505



                 2522





7.1

                 Grid Structure ( Dimensional)

    Plane Truss ( Dimensional)     20             51 x         11

2540      51 5      14 PinJoint X - Bracing 1        3 4      X - Bracing                      ( )

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7.2





21    2        2



     32    2

22   6     .36    6     13 x 2

        5 %    4

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     33 6     5% 2    4

8.

( Fire )



8.1

         3                  (Growth Period)                   10-20                               (Burning Period)             (Decay Period)

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24    4 . . 3     30 70 1

30     28    2538                              6

                187

8.4           Code of

Practice        (   1 .    3 . )

                           25

        1            300 ..           PC.Strand

26

4             12 2536

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9.   (Corrosion and Deterelation)



1)    -   -           -

2)

   3)                                           -

   3 – 5

           50

9.1





9.2

                                   (Galvanization) Cathod Protection

                                9.3    Carbonation

    Carbonation                      Carbonation

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9.4



27 .     30



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