Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change ... Cultural... · Building Cultural...

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Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change: Findings from the NCHL Diversity Leadership Demonstra?on Project Judith G. Bryant, MSOD NCHL Diversity Leadership Organizational Coach [email protected] Janice L. Dreachslin, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Professor of Health Policy & Administration, Penn State University Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies [email protected] Rob Weech-Maldonado, Ph.D., Co-Principal Investigator Professor & L.R. Jordan Endowed Chair Department of Health Services Administration University of Alabama at Birmingham [email protected]

Transcript of Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change ... Cultural... · Building Cultural...

Page 1: Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change ... Cultural... · Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change: Findings from the NCHL Diversity Leadership Demonstraon

Building Cultural Competence through Sustainable Change:  Findings from the NCHL Diversity Leadership Demonstra?on Project 

Judith G. Bryant, MSOD NCHL Diversity Leadership Organizational Coach [email protected]

Janice L. Dreachslin, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Professor of Health Policy & Administration, Penn State University Great Valley School of Graduate Professional Studies [email protected]

Rob Weech-Maldonado, Ph.D., Co-Principal Investigator Professor & L.R. Jordan Endowed Chair Department of Health Services Administration University of Alabama at Birmingham [email protected]

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Agenda 

• Introduc?ons • Project Overview PowerPoint Presenta?on 

• Panel Discussion and Dialogue • Closing 

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Defining Cultural Competency 

Na?onal Quality Forum. (2008). Endorsing a Framework and Preferred Prac?ces for Measuring and Repor?ng Culturally Competent Care Quality. Washington DC: Na?onal Quality Forum. 

The Na(onal Quality Forum (NQF) (2008. p3) defines cultural competency as the: 

  "ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organiza(ons, and professionals to provide for diverse pa(ent popula(ons high‐quality care that is safe, pa(ent and family centered, evidence based, and equitable.” 

 And states that Cultural competency is achieved through:    "policies, learning processes, and structures by which 

organiza(ons and individuals develop the aNtudes, behaviors, and systems that are needed for effec(ve cross‐cultural interac(ons”   

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Need for Project 

•  The Business Case •  Social Responsibility •  Changing Regulatory Environment •  Changing Demographics & Social ANtudes •  Ongoing Dispari(es 

 Career accomplishment   Percep(ons of equity & opportunity in the workplace   Process & outcome of care   Pa(ent percep(ons of quality  Best Prac(ces & Organiza(onal Performance 

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Need for A Leadership‐Focused Systems Approach 

  Five year study of associa(on between race and gender diversity and business performance (Kochan 2003)    Diversity won’t automa(cally translate into be[er (or worse) results   Diversity is a labor market impera(ve and social expecta(on or value   The business case for diversity is complex and nuanced 

  Impact of demographic diversity depends on the context 

  Context includes organiza(onal culture, HR prac(ces, and strategy 

The BoUom Line:  Unless explicit aUen?on is given to managing diversity, its impact is likely to be nega?ve 

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Strategic Diversity Leadership 

  “Diversity leadership is a differen(a(on strategy that is responsive to demographic shi`s and changing social aNtudes among both the pa(ents and the workforce.” (Dreachslin, 1999:428) 

  The diversity sensi(ve orienta(on of leaders drives investment in diversity management and culturally & linguis(cally appropriate care (Dansky et. al., 2003) 

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Diversity Leadership Predicts CLAS Adherence 

Strategic Plan 

 Strategic plan goals for diversity in two areas:   Recruitment and Reten(on of a Culturally Diverse Workforce 

  Provision of Culturally and Linguis(cally Appropriate Pa(ent Care Performance Metrics 

 Rou(ne assessment of diversity goal achievement as part of strategic planning  

Accountability 

 Dedicated person, office or commi[ee assigned responsibility to promote  

the hospital’s cultural diversity goals  

Community Involvement 

 Annually report to the community about the hospital’s performance in mee(ng the cultural and language needs of the service area. Source: Weech‐Maldonado, R., M.N. Ellio[, C. Schiller, A. Hall, J.L. Dreachslin, and R.D. Hays. 2007a. “Organiza(onal and Market Characteris(cs Associated 

with Hospital’s Adherence to the CLAS Standards.” Presenta(on at the APHA Annual Mee1ng in Washington, D.C. on November 5. 

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Diversity Leadership & Organiza?onal Prac?ces 

Source: Weech‐Maldonado, R., M.N. EllioU, C. Schiller, A. Hall, and R.D. Hays. 2007b.  

  Adherence to the CLAS standards resulted in significant increases in sa?sfac?on for all pa?ents, irrespec?ve of race, ethnicity or primary  

  Diversity leadership can result in across the board improvement in pa?ent percep?ons of high quality health care. 

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NCHL Leadership Development & Transforma?on System Aligning leadership development and business strategy 

The key principles for managing innova(on and performance improvement that are essen(al for systema(c and sustainable change: •  Leadership development and organiza(onal business strategy are aligned •  Board is accountable for leadership succession •  Learning is competency‐based, inter‐professional, and ac(on‐oriented •  Key talent management and strategic human resource processes are integrated and aligned •  Leadership development dashboard tracks key measurable outcomes 

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The NCHL Diversity Leadership Demonstra?on Project  

  Project began in 2007 with a review of the evidence‐base for diversity management1  

  First study that employs pre‐post interven(on assessment of system‐wide diversity change ini(a(ves 

  Currently involves three (3) major heath care systems   2 hospitals per system 

  Funding provided by Sodexo, par(cipa(ng organiza(ons, and NCHL fundraising 

1Cur(s, E.F., & Dreachslin, J.L. (2008). Diversity management interven(ons and organiza(onal performance: A synthesis of current literature. Human Resource Development Review, 7(1), 107‐134. 

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Goals of the Research 

•  Evaluate impact of a planned series of diversity interven(ons on organiza(onal performance 

•  Contribute to the literature: •  Current published research is limited1  

• Rigor: over emphasis on case study, literature review, self‐reported results 

• Collabora(on:  necessary to balance prac(cality with rigor to build the business case 

1Cur(s, E.F., & Dreachslin, J.L. (2008). Diversity management interven(ons and organiza(onal performance: A synthesis of current literature. Human Resource Development Review, 7(1), 107‐134. 

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Research Study Ques?on 

The overarching research ques?on: 

What impact does a formal, phased and mul(‐faceted strategic diversity leadership interven(on have on performance metrics at the individual, group, and organiza(onal levels? 

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Project Design 

Control Hospital   Baseline Assessment 

  Organiza(onal   Individual 

•  Leaders •  Nursing Unit Staff 

  Repeat Assessments a`er 18 Months 

Interven?on Hospital   Baseline Assessment 

  Organiza(onal 

  Individual 

•  Leaders •  Nursing Unit Staff 

  Systema(c Interven(ons •  Leadership •  Infrastructure •  Nursing Unit 

  Repeat Assessments a`er 18 Month Interven(on Phase 

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Pre‐Post Outcomes and Assessments 

  Structured Interviews & Focus Groups 

  Individual Level Outcomes   Diversity Self‐Awareness 

•  Discovering Diversity Profile 

  Racial/Ethnic Iden(ty Status •  Racial Iden(ty  ANtude Scales 

  Implicit Bias •  Implicit ANtude Test 

  Hospital Level Outcomes   Organiza(onal Climate Survey 

  Strategic Human Resources Management •  Na(onal Leadership Index 

  Diversity Leadership •  Diversity & Cultural Proficiency 

Assessment 

  Pa(ent Cultural Competency •  Cultural Competency Assessment 

Tool for Hospitals (CCATH) 

  Diversity Climate •  Mor Barak Assessment 

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Addi?onal Pre‐Post Outcomes Measures 

Financial & Human Resources 

  Financial performance: opera(ng & total profit margins pre‐post 

  Human resource outcomes:   Diversity demographics pre‐

post by level 

  Employee turnover rate pre‐post 

Pa?ent 

  Pa(ent experiences with inpa(ent care pre‐post   Hospital CAHPS 

  Pa(ent clinical outcomes pre‐post   Agency for Healthcare Quality 

& Research (AHRQ) Pa(ent Safety Indicators 

  Medicare Hospital Compare Outcomes 

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Data Analysis 

  Quasi‐experimental study design with pre‐ and post‐interven(on analysis 

  Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with covariates   Dependent variables: Post‐interven(on scores   Covariates: Pre‐interven(on scores, hospital type (experimental vs. control), and demographic variables of par(cipants (age, educa(on, and gender) 

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Pre‐Assessments 3 Months 

• Interviews • Focus Groups • Archival Data • Organiza(onal‐Level Instruments 

o OCS o NCHL Diversity Assessment o Na(onal Leadership Index o CCATH o Diversity Climate Assessment 

• Individual‐Level Instruments o Discovering Diversity Profile o Racial Iden(ty Scales o Implicit Bias Assessments

Feedback and Consulta?on 1 Month 

• Diversity Coach • CEO & Leadership Team 

Organiza?onal Level Ac?on Plan 1 Month 

• Diversity Coach • CEO & Leadership Team 

Diversity Demonstra?on Project Interven?on Flow Diagram

Interven?ons 18 months 

• Infrastructure Development • Human resource/talent management systems • Pa(ent care delivery • Diversity leadership 

• Execu?ve Coaching & Ac?on Plans • Training 

o Standard Basic Awareness Training o Standard Advanced Training o Customized Advanced Training 

• Staff Individual‐Level Ac?on Plans • Other Individual Interven?ons 

Post‐Assessments 2 Months 

• Individual • Team • Organiza(onal 

Post‐Project Feedback & Planning for Sustainable Change & Con?nuous Improvement 

1 Month • Diversity Coach • CEO & Leadership Team 

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Diversity Management Infrastructure: Selected Examples of Evidence‐Based Best Prac?ces 

• Recruitment & Selec(on • Review the recruitment and selec(on process and retool as needed for cultural sensi(vity and equity of impact 

• Job Design/Work Systems • Iden(fy needed changes for post‐demonstra(on project implementa(on 

• Learning & Development • Diversity training and coaching, resul(ng in organiza(onal and individual diversity leadership development plans 

• Performance Management • Add a diversity competency to the exis(ng performance management system 

• Reward & Recogni(on • Link compensa(on to diversity goals • Implement peer‐nominated Champion of Diversity Award program‐peer with formal evalua(on criteria/process and reward appropriate to organiza(onal culture  

• Succession Planning • Implement formal mentoring program that includes mentor training/development and ‘stretch assignments’  

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Culturally & Linguis?cally Appropriate Care Infrastructure: Selected Examples of Evidence‐Based Best Prac?ces 

Review and retool policies & prac(ces as needed: •  Interpreter services •  Transla(on services •  Visita(on •  Food services •  Physical Plant 

•  Artwork, Signage, Design, e.g. wai(ng rooms 

•  Informa(on •  Collec(on of race/ethnic and other demographic data •  Use of race/ethnic and other demographic data 

•  Pa(ent/Caregiver rela(onship •  Concordance •  Communica(on 

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Challenge and Opportunity 

  Challenge‐ To move past inac(on and resistance to ac(on and involvement 

  Opportunity‐ To Emerge as the Exemplar of Diversity Leadership and Renew the Historic Values and Mission of Healthcare Organiza(ons 

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Rohini Anand, Ph.D., Global Chief Diversity Officer Sodexho 

"This project has the poten(al of genera(ng groundbreaking research to inform execu(ve office and board room issues confron(ng healthcare today. We expect this demonstra(on project to offer insights into understand the impact of diversity and cultural competence on performance at healthcare organiza(ons, including the impact of leadership structures on cri(cal outcomes such as pa(ent safety." 

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Project Advisory CommiUee Rohini Anand, PhD Global Chief Diversity Officer Sodexho 

William Lee Director, Corporate Diversity, Inclusion, and Compliance Abbo[ 

Joseph Betancourt, MD, MPH The Dispari(es Solu(ons Center Massachuse[s General Hospital   

Marie Sinioris President and CEO Na(onal Center for Healthcare Leadership 

Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, RN, FAAN Vice President and Chief Nursing Officer Cedars‐Sinai Medical Center    

Shoshanna Sofaer, DrPH Robert P. Luciano Professor of Health Care Policy School of Public Affairs, BaruchCollege 

Frederick D. Hobby President and CEO  Ins(tute for Diversity in Health Management 

Bernard J. Tyson   SVP, Health Plan and Hospitals Opera(ons Kaiser Permanente 

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Selected References •  Cur(s, E.F., & Dreachslin, J.L. (2008). Diversity management interven(ons and organiza(onal performance: 

A synthesis of current literature. Human Resource Development Review, 7(1), 107‐134. •  Dansky, K., Maldonado, R.W., DeSouza G., & Dreachslin, J.L. (2003).  Organiza(onal strategy and diversity 

management: Diversity‐sensi(ve orienta(on as a modera(ng influence. Health Care Management Review, 28(3), 243‐253. 

•  Dreachslin, J.L. (1999). Diversity and organiza(onal transforma(on:  Performance indicators for health services organiza(ons. Journal of Healthcare Management, 45(1), 427‐439. 

•  Dreachslin J.L., Maldonado R.W., & Dansky K.G. (2004). Racial and ethnic diversity: A focused research agenda for health services management.  Social Science and Medicine, 59(5), 961‐971.   

•  Dreachslin, J.L. & Cur(s, E.F. (2004). Factors affec(ng the career advancement of women and racially/ethnically diverse individuals in healthcare management. Journal of Health Administra(on Educa(on, 21(4), 441‐484. 

•  Dreachslin, J.L. (2007). Diversity management and cultural competence: Research, prac(ce, and the business case. Journal of Healthcare Management, 52(2), 79‐96. 

•  Dreachslin, J.L. & Hobby, F. (2008). Racial and ethnic dispari(es: Why diversity leadership ma[ers. Journal of Healthcare Management, 53(1), 1‐12. 

  Kochan, T., K. Bezrukova, R. Ely, S. Jackson, A. Joshi, K. Jehn, J. Leonard, D. Levine, and D. Thomas. 2003. “The Effects of Diversity on Business Performance: Report of the Diversity Research Network.” Human Resource Management 42 (1): 3–21. 

  Weech‐Maldonado, R., M.N. Ellio[, C. Schiller, A. Hall, J.L. Dreachslin, and R.D. Hays. 2007a. “Organiza(onal and Market Characteris(cs Associated with Hospital’s Adherence to the CLAS Standards.” Presenta(on at the APHA Annual Mee1ng in Washington, D.C. on November 5. 

•  Weech‐Maldonado, R., M.N. Ellio[, C. Schiller, A. Hall, and R.D. Hays. 2007b. “Does Hospital’s Adherence to the CLAS Standards Predict Diverse Pa(ents’ Experiences with Inpa(ent Care?” Presenta(on at the APHA Annual Mee1ng in Washington, D.C. on November 5.