BUILDING BIGGER AND BETTER ANIMALS SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION.
-
Upload
martha-simon -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of BUILDING BIGGER AND BETTER ANIMALS SUPPORT AND LOCOMOTION.
Metazoan Evolution
Two consequences
1) Need for support
2) Need for coordinate locomotory apparatus
Design of the support system
Method of movement
Going to look at
1) Sponges
2) Hydrostatic skeletons – anemones and jellyfish
3) Acoelomates
4) Molluscs
5) Exoskeletons
6) Notochords
Behaviour of collagen
Stress test - mesoglea300% original length
Stretch for 12-15 hrs
Release load
Stress test - collagen 102% of original lengthStretch for
12-15 hrs
Release load
How can mesoglea (85%) collagen stretch to 300% if collagen itself stretches only 2%?
Behaviour of collagen
1) Matrix in which it sits is important
2) Collagen fibres are not joined
How can mesoglea (85%) collagen stretch to 300% if collagen itself stretches only 2%?
What is in the mesogleal matrix?
High molecular weight polymer- protein / polysaccharide complex
Dilute gel
What is in the mesogleal matrix?
Collagen fibres not directly cross-linked
Extension (%)
Normal If cross-linked
300
150
0
300%
30%
Why aren’t they cross-linked?
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
+/-
weak cross-links+/- seawater ions
Swimming of Prolate and Oblate Jellyfish
Prolate Oblate
Opening of bell
Closing of bell
Opening of bell
Closing of bell
Hydrostatic skeleton
For a fluid the change in pressure is equal in all directions
Δp
contracting area
Hydrostatic skeleton
How do you apply pressure?
Either
1) Add fluid to system
2) Move fluid around
musclefluid
Snail has peculiar problem
Remember the standard coelomate body plan.
Step 2 - Put a fold of tissue dorsally
Step 1 - Expand the lower body wall
Step 3 - Put a shell over top
How do you build a mollusc?
Snail has peculiar problem
How do you build a mollusc?
Visceral mass + shell
Foot
Problem of torque (or twisting)
Snail has peculiar problem
How do you build a mollusc?
Problem of torque (or twisting)
Columnar muscles