Budgeting DoD Information Technologies - · PDF fileTactical Data Link System Top 10 Projects...
Transcript of Budgeting DoD Information Technologies - · PDF fileTactical Data Link System Top 10 Projects...
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Prof. Paul A. Strassmann, George Mason University September 11, 2008
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Department of Defense Spending for FY09
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Top 15 Programs for New Weapons Use 50% of Spending
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I.T. Spending Represents a Significant Share of DoD
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$143
$75
$218
$33
15.1%
Operations & Maintenance
Research , Development & Testing
Total Non-Personnel Expense
I.T. Non-Personnel Expense
I.T. Expense/ DoD Expense
$ BillionsFY09 Spending Authortization
Category
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DoD Directions
Part I
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Nominal* DoD I.T. Spending ($ Millions)
Warfighter (35%)
All Other (3%)
Medical (4%)Finance & Accounting (2%)
Human Resources (3%)
I.T. Infrastructure (45%)
Logistics (7%)
Total DoD FY09 Budget: $33,031 M
* Nominal spending does not include Services labor costs, avionics, weapon electronics, intelligence
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The Navy Spends 21% of Total I.T. Costs
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I.T. Budgets Have Been Cut
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$6,822
$9,468
$7,768
$10,326
$34,384
$6,863
$7,771
$7,080
$10,368
$32,082
$7,004
$7,744
$7,028
$11,256
$33,032
2.7%
-18.2%
-9.5%
9.0%
-3.9%
Department of the Air Force
Department of the Army
Department of the Navy
Department of Defense Agencies
Department of Defense
FY2007 FY2008 FY2009Change -FY09 over
FY07Agency - $ Millions
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There Are Policy Directives for DoD Net-Centric I.T.
• Office of the DoD Chief Information Officer has issued the DoD Information Enterprise Architecture on April 11, 2008
• The Architecture is guided by the following policies: – Net-Centric Data Strategy (May 2003) – Net-Centric Services Strategy (May 2007) – Information Sharing Strategy (May 2007) – Information Assurance Policies (October 2002) – Computing Infrastructure Strategy (March 2007) – Telecommunications Policies (June 2004) – NetOps Strategy (October 2007)
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There is a Global Information Grid (GIG) Vision
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Plan for Information Management in DoD
Programs
Shared Infrastructure Services
Business Mission WarFighting Mission Intelligence Mission
Army, Navy Air Force
Agencies Combatant Commands
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FY09 Status of I.T. Infrastructure
Cost of Infrastructure: $14.9 Billion
583 Infrastructure Projects
% of Total DoD Spending: 45%
Business Mission WarFighting Mission Intelligence Mission
Infrastructure Services
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Top 10 Projects Mostly for Support of Infrastructure
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NAVY MARINE CORPS INTRANET
DEFENSE INFORMATION SYSTEM NETWORK
Non-DISN Telecomm
DEFENSE ENTERPRISE COMPUTING CENTERS
WARFIGHTER INFORMATION NETWORK-TACTICAL
NETWORK ENTERPRISE TECHNOLOGY COMMAND
PROTECT INFORMATION
BASE LEVEL COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Combat Information Transport System
Tactical Data Link System
Top 10 Projects - 22.2% of total; 82.5% for Infrastructure
Next 1,980 Projects - 77.7% of total
Total FY09 DoD
$1,610
$1,518
$901
$740
$616
$453
$437
$392
$342
$327
$7,335
$25,697
$33,032
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Warfare
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Warfare
Warfare
Navy
Agencies
Agencies
Agencies
Army
Army
Agencies
Army
Air Force
Air Force
Investment Title
FY2009 I.T.
spending - $
Millions
Service TypeComponent
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77.3% of Projects Account for Only 7.2% of Spending
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Top 10 Projects
60 Projects
381 Projects
1,539 Projects
Total - 1,990Projects for DoD
$327 to $1,610
$100 to $327
$10 to $100
<$10
0 to 1,610
$7,335
$10,958
$12,356
$2,383
$33,032
22.2%
33.2%
37.4%
7.2%
0.5%
3.0%
19.1%
77.3%
FY09 ProjectsRange in
Project Budgets- $ Millions
TotalBudget -$ Millions
% ofBudget
% ofProjects
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172 Networks Account for Most of the Infrastructure Cost
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All Other I.T. (56%)
Air Force Communications (10%)
Army Communications (8%)
Navy/MC Communications (12%)
Agencies Communications (14%)
Total Cost of Communications = $13.3 Billion
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Current Integration Programs
• NCES – (Net-Centric Enterprise Services) - $90 M – Collaboration – Content and Data Discovery – Portal (AKO/DKO Portal) – SOA Foundation Tools
• NECC – (Net-Enabled Command) - $’s Unknown – To Replace GCCS now costing $465 M
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Agency Spending
Part II
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Who are the Agencies?
• Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) • Defense Finance and Accounting Service (DFAS) • Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) • Business Transformation Agency (BTA) • Defense Commissary Agency (DeCA) • TRICARE Military Health System • Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) • Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) • Defense Contract Audit Agency (DCAA) • Defense Security Services (DSS) • Washington Headquarters Services
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Agencies Have a Large Share of I.T. Spending
Does not include costs of Military and Civilian Employees Does not include costs of DIA, NGA, NRO, NSA, etc. Does not include avionics, weapon electronics, shipboard electronics
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Agencies Spend More on Infrastructure than on Warfighters
Warfighter (36%)
All Other Administrative (1%)
Medical (12%)
Transportation (1%)Finance & Accounting (3%)Human Resources, Personnel (3%)
I.T. Infrastructure (39%)
Logistics (4%)
Total Agency Spending:$11,256 M
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Comparison of Tooth-to-Tail Ratios
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$3,214
$1,504
$2,834
$4,047
$11,598
35.1%
$3,044
$4,339
$3,114
$4,444
$14,941
45.2%
105.6%
34.7%
91.0%
91.1%
77.6%
Air Force
Navy
Army
Agencies
DoD
% of FY09 Spending
WarfighterI.T.
InfrastructureTooth/Tail
RatioFY09 Budgets - $M
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Distribution of Project Costs
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61
59
54
61
147
272
40
124
$52.7
$25.5
$52.5
$66.3
$21.1
$15.9*
$76.0
$35.6
Air Force
Navy
Army
Agencies
No ofWarfareProjects
No ofInfrastructure
Projects
AverageBudget forWarfareProjects
AverageBudget for
InfrastructureProjects
FY09Budgets -
$M
* Median Value for Navy Infrastructure Projects = $767,000
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Is this the Way to Get Information Warfare Capabilities?
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Part III
Governance Issues
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Services Nominal I.T. ≈ $7 Billion
What is the Total I.T. Spending for the Services?*
Agency Projects For the
Services ≈ $4 to 5 Billion
Uniformed & Civilian
Manpower ≈ $1.5 Billion
Intelligence Projects For the
Services $???
*Excludes Avionics, Weapons, Electronic Warfare
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Improve Tier Accountability and Federation Governance
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Tier: Business
Enterprise
Component
Program
Enterprise
Component
Program
Enterprise
Component
Program
Tier: Warfare Tier: Intelligence
Federated Integration
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Part IV
Business Management Issues
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DoD & Services Have Now a Chief Management Officer
The Office of the Secretary of Defense is composed of the following: • Deputy Secretary of Defense (Chief Management Officer). • Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics. • Under Secretary of Defense for Policy. • Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller). • Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. • Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence. • Deputy Chief Management Officer. • Director of Defense Research and Engineering. • Assistant Secretaries of Defense.
The Office of Army, Navy & Air Force Secretaries: • Under Secretary and Chief Management Officer
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• Planning and budgeting, including performance measurement.
• Acquisition. • Logistics. • Facilities, installations, and environment. • Financial management. • Human resources and personnel. • Management of information resources, including
information technology, networks, and telecommunications functions related to above.
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Many Incompatible Business Management Systems
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Part V
The JTRS Case Study*
* Based on GAO Report 08-877, August 2008
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What is JTRS (Joint Tactical Radio System)?
• The Joint Tactical Radio is a voice-and-data radio to replace all existing radios by the U.S. military after 2010.
• Mission Needs Statement (in 1997) specifies JTRS as a software-defined radio that will work with all existing military and civilian radios. It includes integrated encryption and Wideband Networking to create mobile networks.
• This functionality is built upon the Software Communications Architecture (SCA) that tells designers how hardware and software is interoperable.
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What Will JTRS Replace? (Partial List)
• Soldier Radio Waveform (SRW) • Single Channel Ground Air Radio System (SINCGARS) • HAVE QUICK II military aircraft radio, 225-400 MHz, AM, frequency hopping • UHF SATCOM, 225-400 MHz, MIL-STD-188-181, -182, -183 and -184 protocols • Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), 420-450 • Wideband Networking Waveform (WNW) • Link-4A, -11B, - 16, -22/TADIL tactical data links, 960-1215 MHz+ • VHF-AM civilian Air Traffic Control, 108-137 MHz, 25 • High Frequency (HF) - Independent Side Band (ISB), 1.5-30 MHz • VHF/UHF-FM Land Mobile Radio (LMR), low-band 25-54 MHz, mid-band 72-76 MHz • Anti-jam Tactical UHF Radio for NATO (SATURN), 225-400 MHz PSK Anti-jam • Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), includes Mark X & XII/ • Digital Wideband Transmission System (DWTS) Shipboard 1350-1850 MHz • Soldier Radio & Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), 1.755-1.850 • Cellular telephone & PCS, includes NSA/NIST Type 1 through 4 COMSEC (SCIP) • Mobile Satellite Service (MSS), includes both VHF and UHF MSS bands • Integrated Broadcast Service Module (IBS-M) • BOWMAN, the UK Tri-Service HF, VHF and UHF tactical communications system.
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An Example of Communications Proliferation
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Limitations of Existing Systems
• Survivability and lethality in warfare is dependent on smaller, highly mobile, joint forces that rely on communications.
• DOD’s existing tactical radio systems lack the necessary to support the mobility and interoperability by the armed forces.
• Existing radios were designed with exclusive architectures and can only interoperate with like radios. Functions are governed by their hardware components, operating at low to medium data rates and cannot support voice, data, and video.
• Existing radios have many unique components and parts that require specialized support and complex logistics.
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Planned and Actual Spending for Tactical Radios
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Actual JTRS - 2003-2007
Planned JTRS - 2003
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
$ Billions
Legacy Communications
JTRS Communications
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JTRS Time Line
• 1997 JTRS Development Program Starts • 2002 Program Approved. Each service can build own version, but
must be “interoperable”. • 2003 – 2007 $1 billion for development, $2 billion for procurement • 2003 – 2007 Plan: $<0.5 billion for legacy networks
• 2003 – 2007 Actual: $5.7 billion for legacy networks, $2.5 billion for development.
• Fielding of first JTRS radios projected for 2010. Cost unknown.
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Some JTRS Funding from Supplemental Appropriations?
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JTRS - NETWORK ENTERPRISE DOMAIN
JTRS - AIRBORNE, MARITIME AND FIXED
JTRS - GROUND MOBILE RADIOS
JTRS - HANDHELD, MANPACK, SMALL FIT
JTRS Aviation Tactical Communication
JTRS MULTIFUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
JTRS - ENHANCED MBITR
JTRS MULTIFUNCTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
JTRS MULTIFUNCTIONAL INFORMATION
$221.5
$56.8
$202.9
$132.9
$54.4
$159.9
$20.2
$0.0
$3.1
$851.7
$248.6
$106.9
$231.6
$168.4
$62.1
$80.1
$19.0
$9.3
$31.8
$957.7
$242.3
$203.8
$196.3
$164.8
$64.4
$27.4
$17.8
$16.2
$8.6
$941.6
Navy
Navy
Navy
Navy
Army
Navy
Agencies
Air Force
Army
Total DoD I.T.
Funding
Project
FY07
Development -
$Million
FY08
Development
- $Million
FY09
Development
- $Million
Component
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Current Issues with JTRS
• Including Research, Engineering & Testing JTRS has so far spent $12 billion. Larger legacy investments to data raise the question whether JTRS is affordable as initially proposed.
• Changes in requirements have raised technology hurdles, size and power constraints, and security architecture keep increasing the costs to complete JTRS replacement plans.
• A legacy vehicle radio costs about $20,000, while its more capable JTRS replacement is estimated to cost up to >10 times more, while complexity keeps increasing as deployment schedule is delayed.
• Accelerated installation of legacy systems make it difficult for JTRS to retire prematurely a relatively young inventory of legacy radios.
• Procurement quantities for JTRS radios have been reduced.
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JTRS Procurement Quantities
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108,086
328,514
97,552
96,551
-9.7%
-70.6%
Ground Mobile Radios+ Other
Handheld Radios
InitialProcurement
Quantities(Milestone B)
CurrentProcurement Quantities
(2008)
Change inJTRS
Quantities
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JTRS Case Study Observations
• U.S. military forces’ communications and networking systems currently lack the interoperability and capacity to access and share real-time information and operate effectively as a joint force.
• Since its inception, the JTRS development effort has experienced unmanageable expectations.
• As a consequence the military services acquired non-JTRS communications solutions, such as software defined commercial radios.
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An Example of a Software Defined Commercial Radio
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Part VI
Summary
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Summary
• DoD I.T. is not as yet net-centric or data-centric. • DoD I.T. cannot as yet function as a unified operation. • For future progress:
– Networks should be interoperable. – A data dictionary must reduce costs of collaboration. – Data centers must be linked for reliability. – Must reduce the costs of the infrastructure. – Business, warfare and intelligence must share architectures
and applications.
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