Budgeting
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Transcript of Budgeting
BUDGET, BUDGETING & BUDGETARY CONTROL
Sujoy Kr Paul
BUDGET French word ‘bougette’ means leather
pouch. In which funds are appropriated for meeting
anticipated expenses. Monetary or quantitative expression of
plan & policies of operations for specific future period,
Targets to be achieved within a specific period,
DEFINITION “Budget is an estimate of future needs
arranged according to an orderly basis, covering some or all of the activities of an enterprise for definite period of time”- GEORGE R. TERRY
“a financial and /or quantitative statement, prepared prior to a defined period of time, of the policy to be pursued during that period for the purpose of a given objective”-ICMA
BUDGETING Process of preparing budgets, Study of business situations, Understanding the management
objectives, Understanding the capacity of
enterprise. “ The entire process of preparing the
budgets is known as budgeting”-BATTY “Budgeting may be said to be the act of
building budgets”-ROLAND & HARR
BUDGETARY CONTROL
“Budgetary control is a system of controlling costs which includes preparation of budgets, coordinating the department, establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted, and acting upon the results to achieve maximum profitability”-BROWN & HOWARD
ICMA DEFINES
“ The establishment of budgets, relating the responsibilities of executives to the requirements of a policy, and the continuous comparison of the actual with the budgeted results either to secure by individual action the objectives of the policy or to provide a basis for its revision”
CHARACTERISTICS Establishment Coordination Continuous comparison revision
OBJECTIVES Planning Coordination Efficiency & Economy Increase in profitability Anticipation of future capital
expenditure, Control Deviations
ADVANTAGES Economy in working Buck –passing avoided, Establishes coordination, Guard against undue optimism, Acts as a safety signal, Adoption of uniform policy, Decrease in production costs, Adoption of standard costing principles, Management by exception, Optimum mix
LIMITATIONS Opposition against the very spirit of
budgeting, Budgeting & Changing economy Time factor, Not a substitute for the management, Cooperation & coordination required, Revision required, Uncertainty of futures Depends upon the support level of
management, Budgetary revision required