02.ප��ෙ�දය

ෙබෞ�ධ සංක�ප �ම�ශනය Consideration of Buddhist Concepts

ෙබෞ�ධ සංක�ප ය�ෙව� අදහස ව�ෙ� �ම� දැ! ෙම◌$ �ම%ම වැදග'ය. සංක�ප ෙලස හැ*�ෙව�ෙ� +,ය- මානව සංඥාව� සඳහා ලබාෙදන ෙපො2 ස-34ය+. ෙ- අ�ව සංක�පය� සංසකාරය� ෙලසද හ6නාගත හැක. ම�ද සංසකරවලද සකසකළ හා ස-34 යන ල�ෂණ ෙදක �ද;මාන බැ�<. ෙ- අ�ව +,ය- මානව අදහස� සංක�පය� ෙ=.ෙ-අ�ව සංක�පය� යැ! පැව> �ටම ,@ප' ව�ෙ� සකස කරග�නා ල�ද� ෙලස!. අ��ට ,2කරන උපකාරය ප ෙරෝපකාරය ෙලස හැ*�ෙ=. පෙරෝපකාරය සංක�පය+. එෙසේම එය සාරධ�මය�ද ෙ=. ම�ද සංක�පයක ල�ෂණ ෙම�ම සාරධ�මයක ල�ෂණද එ@ �ද;මාන බැ�<. ෙ- අ�ව ඕනෑම සංක�පය� සාරධ�මය�ද �යහැක. එ ෙසේම එෙසේ ෙනො�ය හැ+ සංක�පයද 4ෙG. මානව ,ෙ' +,ය- H�ගලෙය� IJබඳව ඇ4 ෛවරය <සා තරහ I�ම,න සවභාවය පJගැNම!.ෙ- පJගැNම වනාO මානව සංක�ය+. එෙහ' එය සාරධ�මය� ෙනොෙ=. එය සෘණා'මක සංක�ප ගණෙ�ලා සැලෙ�. ෙමයට ෙහේQව පJගැNම <සා තමාට හා සමාජයට අන�ථකාT හැ,Tම� ද�වා අදාල H�ගලයා ෙයො3�ය හැ+ ෙහ!<.සෘණා'මක සංක�ප ෙබෞ�ධ දෘෂUෙකෝණය අ�ව හැ*�ෙව�ෙ� ෙකෙළස ය�ෙව<.

ෙකෙළස ඇ4වන Vළ ෙහේQ IJබඳ W2 දහම ද�වා ඇත.+,ය- ගස� හටගැNම ,2ව�ෙ� ඒ ගෙසේ 3� මY<. ගසක ෙකොළ,අQ,ඉ4 ,ඳ දැVවද, එ@ 3ල ආර�]තව 4ෙබනතා� යJ යJ' ඒ ගෙසේ පැළ^ෙ- ස-භා�තාව ෙහෝ ශක;තාව අෙහෝ, ෙනොෙ=.එප�_ම ෙකෙළස ඇ4 වන නැතෙහො' හටග�වන ෙහේQ ඉව'කරන Q` ෙකෙළසවල යJ යJ' හටගැNම ,2ෙ=.එය ෙකෙළසවලට ෙහේQවන 3� <`පaතව පැවbම <සාම ,2ෙ=. ෙකෙළස යJ යJ' හටගැNමට ෙහේQවන ෙකෙළස 3� Qන� IJබඳව W2 දහෙ- සාක�ඡා ෙ=. එන- ෙලෝභ, �ෙ=ෂ හා ෙමෝහ යන ෙකෙළස Vල Qන!. ,යdම ෙකෙළස හටගැNමට ෙමe ෙකෙළස Vල Qන ඉවහ�ෙ=.එය ,4� ගලවා ඉව' කරන ෙත� සසර භව ගමන පැවbමට ෙහේQවන ෙකෙළස යJ යJ' ඇ4ෙ=. ෙ- ෙකෙළස නැමැ4 fය ගලවා ඉව'+Tම සඳහා g අ4ශය කමාijල හා සං�kත IJෙවල� ද 4ෙG. එය �ද�ශනා භාවනාව!. එය තරම� අ%` න32 f` H`2 g �ට l@� හා පහm භාවනා කමය� ද ෙ=. එ� එ� H�ගලයාෙn ච�ත සවභාවය අ�ව �ද�ශනා භාවනාව ,2කල pQ ��ධ කම 4ෙG. තමාෙn ච�තයට හා ග4ල�ෂණවලට මනාව සැස ෙඳන ෙයෝග;ම කමය ෙතෝරාෙගන <වැර_ව q` ඇmර� මY� එ@ <රත^ම මY� කමාijලව ෙකෙළස V� ගලවාහැර ප�ත g ,ත� @lකර ගතහැක. W2 දහl� උපෙදස ලබාෙද�ෙ�ද ඒ සඳහාය.

fuhg by; m<uq mrspzfPAofhaoS meyeos,s we;s mrsos fn#oaO idr OrAu hkak ixl,amuh jQjls' boska ta ;;ajh ;,oS thgo mokuz jQ huz ixl,am fjz kuz tjd w;sYhskau iQCIu foaj,aa jsh hq;h'සාරධ�ම hkqo ixl,amuh jQjla nejska tlS ixl,amfhau lvd wkqfldgia jYfhka my; iZoyka jk ixl,ammoaO;sh ie,lsh yelsh'wfkla w;g සාරධ�ම ixl,am iudc cSjs;fhaoS m@dfhda.slj l@shd jg kefZ.kafka flfiao$ hkak fuz uZ.ska ukdj ;yjqre jkq we;.fuys සාරධ�ම ixl,amhkaf.a wkq fldgia jYfhka olajd we;af;a fufia m@dfhda.sl cSjs;hg kZ.k ,o සාරධ�ම iudcuh jHjydrhkah. fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a tla tla සාරධ�ම ixl,amhla yojf;a iy fud<fha l@shdldrSFjhg m;ajk wjia:dj fuz uZ.ska ksEms;hs.සාරධ�ම ms,snZoj fu;ruz ishquz jsYaf,aIKhla lsrSug fm<Uqfka fndfyda fokdjsiska fkdis;k me;a;la fj; wjOdkh fhduqlrjSu iZoydh'ld,du iQ;@h ms<snZoj rpkhjS ;sfnk Ydia;@ShlD;Skays wjOdkh fhduqjS mej;fka ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjSmej;kd jQ ckm@sh isoaOdka;h jQ ksoyiapska;kh flfrysh'ld,du iQ;@h foaYkd lsrSu iZoyd miqnsuzjQ lreKq wkqj tfia Wml,amkhlsrSu idjoH fkdfj;;a"ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjk tlu foh pska;kksoyi muKla fkdfjz'fn#oaO සාරධ�ම ms<snZoj b;dmqZM,a js.@yhla o ld,du iQ;@fhys wka;rA.;fjz'

ld,du iQ;@fhys .enzjkakdjQ tlufoh pska;k ksoyi hehs .;fyd;a tujs.@yh taldfoaYsl js.@yhla muKlajkq we;s'th tfia jkafka ld,du iQ;@fhka js.@y flfrkakdjQ ixl,am nqoaOsuh yd prAhduh hk fldgia folla hgf;a bosrsm;ajk ksid;a"pska;k ksoyi hk සාරධ�ම ixl,amh wh;a jkafka bka nqoaOsuh(wdl,am)fldgi hg;g jk ksid;a wdfjzok(lY,;d)yd prAhduh(ufkda pd<l) fldgig wh;a සාරධ�ම ixl,am ms<snZoj tuZ.ska jsjrKh fkdjk ksid;ah'fuu miqnsu ie,ls,a,g f.k fuu mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhysoS W;aidy oefrkqfha ld,du iQ;@fhka jsjrKh flfrkakdjQ iuzmQrAK සාරධ�ම ixl,am moaO;sh jsYaf,aIK ldrAhh iZoyd fhdod.ekSugh'

සාරධ�ම ixialD;sh yd olajk inZo;djfhys iajrEmh ms<snZoj oek.ekSu idrOrAuj, l@shd ldrSFjh wjfndOlsrSu iZoyd uy;afiaWmldrSfjz'1ta ta ixialD;shg සාරධ�ම jHdma; jkafka flfiao$ ixialD;Ska w;r සාරධ�ම yqjudrejkafka flfiao$ hk fuz lreKq flfrAwjfndaOhlska hq;j lghq; lsrSu සාරධ�ම wOHhfhysoS uy;afia jeo.;afjz'tla w;lska ld,du iQ;@h fn#oaO ixialD;sh;a" bka|= ksuzk ixialD;sh;a hdflfrk yqhla f,i l@shd;auljQ Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ udkj jgskdluz ksrEmkh flfrkakdjQ wdlD;shla f,i ie,lsh yelsh'Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ ksoyia pska;kh;a" m@cd;ka;@jdoSNdjh;a"wjsysxid;aul iajrEmh;a"i;rn@yau jsyrKhkays .enzjkakdjQ jsYajSh us;@;aj h ms<snZo oelau;a ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska fudkjg ksrEmKh flfrA'th pska;k wOsldrsh flaJ|@lr.;a n@dyauKiuzm@odhi; lDr;ajh;a"hd.h hZ{h n,sns,s mQcduZ.ska fmkakquz lrk iFj>d;k wdrAh ixialD;shg jsreoaOjQ jHdmdrhlaf,i idrA:lj fm<.eiajQ whqre ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska fmkajdfohs'2

ld,du iQ;@fhkaa js.@yflfrkakdjQ nqoaOsmrsmdl.; fn#oaO idrOrAuf,i yeZoskafjkafka hglS ixl,am iuQyhlgh' fuu ixl,am iuQyh m@cdkk wdfjzokSh yd prAhduh hk mqZM,a lafIa;@ ;kla lrd jsyso hhs' fuu m@cdkk wdfjzokSh yd prAhduh hk lafIa;@ ;k mqrd jsysohkakdjQ fn#oaO idrOrAu my; oelafjk whqrska y|=kajd osh yelsh'3

1. mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,am4 (Adipose & Clever Conceptions) 2. oi mqKH l@shd5 (Ten Adipose Actions) 3. wjsysxid6 (Non Violence) 4. wmamspzP;d7 Moderate / Ascctisism) 5. ika;gzGs;d1 (Acceptance)

1 wOHdmk orAYk m@fjzYh"fykars jSrisxy"ksmqK tkagm@hsiia"kqf.af.dv"1993"117-132msgq' 2 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h"uyd j.a. ld,duiq;a; nq'c'uq"337-343 msgq, fLd fidfLd fidfLd fidfLd fid i ld,dudld,dudld,dudld,dud wrshidjfld wrshidjfld wrshidjfld wrshidjfld tjx wfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj tjx wfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj tjx wfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj tjx wfjr ps;af;d"tjx wnHdmcACOps;af;d"tjx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d"tjx jsiqoaOps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' Ouzfu j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' Ouzfu j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' Ouzfu j;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydks;s' 3 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h, ld,du iq;a;, nq.c.uq.338 msgqj, 4 tu hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhahd: bfuz Ouzud li,d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dhys;dhys;dhys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd:iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhahd: 5 tu ifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ifpz fLd mk w;a:s mfrd f,dfld w;a:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaildhiaildhiaildhiai fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dlx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfud wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s ifpz fLdfLdfLdfLd mk k;a:s mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mk k;a:s mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mk k;a:s mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx mk k;a:s mfrd f,dfld k;a:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfu wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;adkx mrsyrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhd wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk wOs.f;d fyda;s ifpz fLd mk lfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:d lfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:d lfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:d lfrdf;d k lrshah;s mdmdx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:d wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d wiaidfid wOs.f;d fyd;s I fLd fid Nkaf; wrshidjfld tajx wfpzrps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGtajx wixls,sgzGtajx wixls,sgzGtajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai ops;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai ops;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai ops;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;ssgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;ssgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;ssgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.;d fydka;S;s 6 tu i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd i fpz fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;ps.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmiuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmiuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fmiuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;d iy.f;k fpz;id fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;idlreKd iy.f;k fpz;id----uqos;d uqos;d uqos;d uqos;d iy.f;k fpz;idiy.f;k fpz;idiy.f;k fpz;idiy.f;k fpz;id----WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix WfmlaLdiy.f;k fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd i.f;k fpz;id p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd i.f;k fpz;id p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd i.f;k fpz;id p;`;a:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd i.f;k fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;k wmamudfkak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk Mrs;ajd jsyr;s 7 tu wuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d fkj rshdoskakps;af;d fkj rshdoskakps;af;d fkj rshdoskakps;af;d fkj mdKxNka;s kmdKxNka;s kmdKxNka;s kmdKxNka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a:dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS>x r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;soS>x r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;soS>x r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;soS>x r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s

6. fi#kaorAhh m@sh;dj2 (Beauty Inclinution) 7. iqkuH nj3 (Sanatorium) 8. iajpzPkao;djh4 (Freedom of the Will / Free Will) 9. Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh5 ( Meditation & Moral)

10. iykYS,s;ajh6 (Toleration) hkqfjks.

idr Ou!hkays iudcuh Ndjs;dj m@cdkk wdfjzok yd prAhd li,;d සාරධ�ම ixl,am 1 mqZ[aZ[ yd lY, ixl,am wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla;jSu li,uQ< 2 oi mqZ[aZ[ l@shd wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla; jSu li,uQ< 3 wjsysxid i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h 4 wmamspzp;d i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h 5 ika;gzGs;d i;r n@yau jsyrK mxpYS,h 6 fi#kaorAhh ms@h;dj wOsldrS pska;k jshqla;sh i;rn@yau jsyrK 7 iqkuHnj n@yau jsyrK li, uQ< mxpYS, m@;smodj 8 iajpzPkao;dj lu!jsmdlh ms<snZo isjqjeoEreuz kHdh 9 Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh i;r n@yau jsyrK li, uQ< mxpYS,h 10 iykYS,SFjh wOsldrS pska;kfhka jshqla; jSu

by; iZoykal< ixl,am oyhu ld,du iQ;@fhys oel.;yel'tfukau jvd;a mqZM,a js.@yhla f,i th bosrsm;aj;sfnz'fuzksidu fuu iQ;@fhys idrOrAuSh jYfhka .eUqre orAYkhla wkdjrKh flfrA'kQ;k odrAYksljs.@yhkag wkqj huzlsis pska;khla orAYkhlaf,i yeZoskajshyelafla thg iqjsfYaISjk lreKqldr Kd iuzmQrAKjSfuka wk;rejh'm<uqfldgu wod< pska;kh;< huzlsis oelaula wvx.jsh hq;fiau wdpdr jsoHd;aul mCIfhka idrj;a miqnsula ta;<jshhq;uh'm@Odk jYfhka fulS lreKqfol wksjdrAhfhkau iuzmQrAKjsh hq;uh'7

fndfydafofkla is;d isgskafka kQ;kfha b;d iS>@fhka m@p,s;jk huzhuz is;sjs,s u;su;dka;r fndfyduhla orAYkh keue;s jsIhg wh;ah lshdh'fldmuK nqoaOsf.daprjqj;a fuzjd fndfyduhla yq|= is;sjs,s yd u;s u;dka;r j,g muKla iSudjkafka tajfha fulS orAYkhla jSuiZoyd wjYH lrkakdjQ uQ<sl iq|=iqluzj,ska tlla jQ wdpdrjsoHd;aul mCIh tajd;< uojYfhkaj;a olakg fkd,efnk nejsks'8

taw;ska ld,duiQ;@h fnfyjska nqoaOsuh yd wdpdrjsoHd;aul mCIfhka irAjiuzmQrAKh'uqZM nq|=oyfuysu yrh .enzjS we;a;dfia ie<lsh yelsh'b;du;a mqZM,a jsIh

1 tu iu;a;diu;a;diu;a;diu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf;iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkd jd$l:x jd fy;a: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;kiudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;kiudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;kiudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;sa;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;sa;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;sa;s tajx fkd fy;a: fyda;Ss;s 2 w. ks. 1, ;sl ksmd;h, uydj.a., nq.c.uq. 337-343 msgq. 3 tu w,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkw,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkw,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNkw,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d f,dfNk----w|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafikw|+gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fodafik----wuQ<afydwuQ<afydwuQ<afydwuQ<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfykmkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk fuys w,qoaO hkq fr#|@ fkdjQ hk wrA:hhs w|=gzG hkq kmqre fkdjQ hk wrA:hhs wuQ<ay hkq uq<dfkdjk iajNdjh we;s hkqhs isf;ys iqLkuHYS,S iajNdjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ uq<sl ffp;isl ix>gl ;kl wjsoHudk;ajhu isf;ys meyenr iajNdjhg fya;`jknj fuhskafmfka 4 tu ta: ;`uta: ;`uta: ;`uta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; zfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; zfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; zfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjss;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s 5 tu hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuzhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuzhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuzhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud wlI,d bfuz Ouzud idjcAcd bfuz OuzudOuzudOuzudOuzud jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud jsZ[aZ|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:mcfyhHd:mcfyhHd:mcfyhHd: 6 tu w,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakdw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakdw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakdw,x ys fjd ld,dud lxLs;`x w,x jspslspzPs;x lxLkSfha p mk fjd Gdfka jspslspzPd Wmamkakd 7 us:Hdj jkaokdudk lrk mYapd;akQ;kjdoh, ta vS mS l,xiQrsh, Ydia;@Sh w;sfrAlh, isZMusK brsod tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 26 12 2004, 41 msgqj fld<U, 19. 12. 2004, 57 msgqj. 8 mYapd;akQ;kjdoh orAYk jsIfhka mrsndysr ixialD;sl m@mxphls, ta. vS. mS. l,xiQrsh Ydia;@Sh w;sfrAlh, isZMusK brsod, tlai;am@jD;a;m;@ iud.u, fld<U, 26 12 2004, 41 msgqj

m:hka;<oS ld,duiQ;@fhka bosrsm;aflfrkakdjQ pska;kh by;olajk,o ishZM fldkafoaisj,g wkq.;ju mrsmQrAK odrAYksl miq;,hla uZ.ska ksrEmKh fldg oelajSfuz yelshdj we;'1

wfkla w;g ld,duiQ;@fhys සාරධ�ම jsjrKhflfrkafka odrAYksl fukau ixialD;sl jgdmsgdj lska hq; jh'fuys oelafjkakdjQ ld,du jeishka jdihlf<a b;djsjD; ixialD;sl rgdjla;snQ iudc mrsirhlh' tnejska Tjqka;< fndfydafoa ms<snZo ksjeros jsksYaphlg t<eUsfha b;djsjD; udkislFj hlska hq;j tafoams<sn Zoj lreKq ldrKd fidhdne,Sfuka wk;rejh'2

fudjqkaf.a .u flaimq;a;h kuzjsh'fuho lvd.ulafkdj f,dl.ula fyj;a ks.uhlajsh'fmr ld,j, ks.uhla fmdvsmfya gjqula ;rug f,dljg mej;sks'ta tfiajQfha fjfiiskau .xbjqre jeks c,myiqj yd .ukamyiqj ;snqKq;ekaj,h'funZ|=jQ .ulg .Z.fomi isgskafkda /iafj;s'Tjqyq tnZ|= .ula fj<odugo uOHia:dkh lr.ks;s'3

uq,a ld,j,oS koSka weiqrefldg msysgqjk,o fujeks .uz koS.@du hkqfjka yZ|=kajk,oehso we;euzyq jsYajdi lr;s'fuzwkqj koS.@du kS.ujS thska ks.u hkjpkh iEfokakg we;ehs Tjqkaf.a woyihs' uq,oS fufia koSka whsfkau jdf.a we;sjQ fuz.uz jsfYaIh miqj koSka ke;s;ekaj, we;sjqK;a takuskau fyj;a ks.u yegshgu yeZoskajqknj fmfka'flaimq;;ho fuz whqrska m@lgjQ ks.uhls'4

flaimq;a;h msysgd ;snqfka fndfydafokd ks;r .ukd.ukfhys fhfok m@Odk udrA.hkaish,a, yuqjka kdjQ ia:dkhlh'tnejska fuz ia:dkh miqlr hkakdjQ fndfydafokdf.a jsjsO wd.usl yd odrAYksl u;su;dka ;r flaimq;a;fha jeishkag b;d iqmqre|= foanjg m;ajS ;snsKs'fuzksidu tayeu u;jdohlau ms<s.kafka;ake;s"neyerlrkafka;a ke;s uOHia: pska;khla flaimq;a;jeishka;< iajNdjfhkau msysgd ;snqKs'5

flaimq;a; .uzjeishkajQ ld,duhka laI;@sh jxYslhkanj ufkdar:mQrKS (wx.;a;r) wgzGl:dfjz iZoykafjz' lafI;@h fyj;a fL;a; hg wOsm;sj jsiQjka laI;@Sh jxYslfhdah' N~ush iuznJOfhka wOsm;sNdjh biQ,Qfjda laI;@sh jxYlfhdah'tfukau lDIslu!h yd rdcH md,kh iuznJOfhka mrsmd, klghq;j, ksr;jSfuz j.lSu laI;@shhkayg mejrS;snsKs'6 Tjqyq wdoSl,ams; uyd iuzu; rcqf.a mgka mejf;kafkda fj;s'fuz uyd iuzu; rdcHFjh jkdyS m@cd;ka;@dka;@jdofha uq,au wjia:dj f,i ie<lshyelsh'uyd iuzu; rcq m;alr.kafka uyck;dj nejsks'tao Tyqf.a .KOu! yd iq|=iqluz i<ldf.kh'7

nq|=kajykafia;a ld,duhkaf.a jxYhg"tkuz laI;@shjxYhg wh;a fjz. laI;@sh jxYslfhda fnfyjska pska;k ksoyi yd m@cd;ka;@jdoh .rel< whfj;s'8 fuzksid nq|=kajykafia ld,du jeishkaf.a udkisl miqnsu ms<snZo ukd wjfndaOhlska hq;jisgSnjfmfka' tfukau fuz jxY iuznJOh ksid ld,du jeishkq;a nq|=kajykafia flfrys jevs f.#rjhlska yd wdorhlska hq;j isgshdg ielhlake;' iajNdjfhkau ;uka;< huzlsis wvqmdvqjla ;sfnk;eke;a;d;< ta fya;fjka jkySkudkh is;;, ieZ.jS mj;shs'tfia wvqmdvqkuz ke;a;d;, taySkudkh ke;s nejska jsjD;ukilska lghq; lsrSfuz yelshdj mj;S'ld,duiQ;@fhys jxYfhka yd mruzmrdfjka

1 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi,ik;a fla. kdkdhlaldr,fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh,keosud,,foysj,, 2001, 21 msgqj 2 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi,ik;a fla. kdkdhlaldr,fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh,keosud,,foysj,, 2001, 2 msgqj 3 ld,du Ou!h, nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus, iuhjO!k fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1961 32 msgqj. 4 tu 5 tu 32-33 msgq. 6 tu 31 msgqj. 7 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h,n<xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus,iuhjrAOk fmd;ay,,fld<U,1986, 1 msgqj. 8 ld,du Ou!h, nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus, iuhjO!k fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1961, 31-32 msgq.

wdksidu jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS hula ms,sfkd.kak hhs oelafjk ioyka uZ.skao meyeos,sjkafka nq|=r|=kqf.a fulS wvqmdvq jsrys;Ndjh ;,skau mekkeZ.kdjQ jsjD;Ndjhhs'1

ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh ;< ls@hd;auljkakls.ixialD;sh hkak m@isoaO udkj jsoHd{fhl jQ tvzjvz ghs,rA jsiska fufia ksrAjpkh lrkq,ensks.“Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society “ ghs,rAf.a fuz bx.@Sis mdGfhka ixialD;sh .ek lshfjk foa f;areuz .kakg th jsNd. lrn,uq.2

ghs,rA lshk yegshg ixialD;sh hkq “ixlSrAK tallhls.3”th lE,sj,g lvd jgyd .; fkdfya.4 TzkEu cd;shl ixialD;sh jsjsO wxYj,ska hq; ksid ta wx. tlg tlajQjsg ixlSrAK jQjla njg m;afjhs.5 ghs,rA B <Z.g ixialD;shg huz huz jsjsO fldgia we;,;a jQnj lshhs.6oekSu jsYajdi weoys,s l,dYs,am iodpdrh kS;sh pdrs;@ jdrs;@ uska iuyr tajdh.7B <Z.g <Z.g ghs,rA ixialD;shg wh;a wjfYaI wx. w;r ukqIHhdf.a fjk;a olaI;d fyda we;slr.;a mqre|= tla lrhs. by; lS oekSu wdoS wx.j,g wu;rj usksid ;ukajsiska we;slr.;a mqre|= yd oCI;d we;akuz tajdo ixialD;shg we;,;a fjz.fuz ishZM wx. usksid jsiska my< lr.kq ,enqfjz ukqIH iudcfha idudcslfhl jYfhks.8

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .;fyd;a thg huzhuz wx. Wmdx. tlajQfha fn#oaO pska;kfha wdNdIh ksidh'fn#oaO pska;kh;< Y@uK iuzm@odhi; huzhuz .Kdx. we;'jsfYaIfhka lemS fmfkku ,CIKhkajQfha lsis|= wOsldrsuhn,hla fuz;< olakg fkdjSu;a"iudkd;au;djh yd m@cd;ka;@jdoh .relsrSu;a"udkjflaJ|@Sh yd ukqIH;ajh uQ<slfldgf.k lghq;lsrSu;a"hk lreKqh'ld,duiQ;@fh ys js.@yjkakdjQ b.ekajSuz ishquzj mrSCId lrne,SfuzoS uqZM ld,du iQ;@hu fn#oaO ixialD;sfhys levm;la f,i .;yelsnj fmfkkq we;'9

ghs,rA ixialD;shjs.@y l< wkaouksid ixialD;sl js.@yfha m@Odk wx. ;kla biau;fjkq wmg oel.; yelsh.bka m<uqjekak ld,h ms<snZo yeZ.Suhs.ixialD;sh tljru my<jk fohla fkdfjz. ld,dka;rhla ;siafia yev.eiafjuska tl;fjuska h:d ;;ajhg m;a fjkakls.10fojkqj ixialD;sh hkq usksid jsiska bf.k.kq ,nkakls.;ukaf.a mrsirfha cSj;ajk lvd orejd wjg ixialD;sh Wf.k.kshs.Wmam;a;sh ksidu ixialD;sh ms<snZo wjfndaOh flfklg fkd,efnhs.fya th mrsirfh kau W.; hq;h.B <Z.g jeo.;au ,CIKh kuz ixialD;sh wmf.a prAhdjka j,g u. fmkajSuhs.wm ljqre;a yeisfrkafka fuz prAhdjka wkqjh.ta prAhdjka nsys lrkqfha

1 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h, n<xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus,iuhjrAOk fmd;ay,, fld<U, 1986, 1-3 msgq. 2 uqyqo f.dv .,kafka N~;fhla ksido$ Wmd,s iurisxy, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 13. 02. 2005, 10 mssgqj. 3 tu 4 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 64 msgqj. 5 uqyqo f.dv .,kafka N~;fhla ksido$ Wmd,s iurisxy, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u, fld<U, 13. 02. 2005, 10 mssgqj. 6 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 64-65 msgq. 7 weoys,s yd j;a ms<sfj;a, whs. fla. fcAuzia ;rx. wxl 9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@xZ{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 80-81 msgq. 8 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz,wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 70-71 msgq. 9 ld,du iQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi, ik;a fla. kdkhlaldr. fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh, keosud,,foysj, 2001, 3 msgqj. 10 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx., lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus, ;rx. wxl-9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz, wkq, uq|@Kd,h, fld<U, 1964, 68-69 msgq.

ixialD;shhs.wd.usl idr OrAu l@shd;aul lsrSfuzoS fufiayeisrsh hq; hehs iuzu; prAhd rgdjla we;.wm fuh Wf.k .;af;a flfiao$wfma ixialD;sh ;,sks'1

ixialD;sh ms,snZoj flgsfhka fyda hula mejiSu fuysoS jeo.;ajkqfha thlulaoehs jsoHd;au lj wrA:l:kh fkdfldg idudkH ckjHjydrfha we;s f;areuu.ska tayd ne|=kq Ydia;@ShjsIh lreKla meyeos,s lsrSu wiSre lreKla nejsks'idrOrAuhkq lulaoehs ksishdldrfhka jgyd.ekSug kuz ixialD;shla hkqfjka yeZoskafjka fka lulaoehs ksishdldrj f;areuz.ekSu jeo.;ah'2ld,du iQ;@h;< .enzjkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkaf.a uQ,druzNh Ndr;fha bka|=ksuzk ixialD;sfha uq,a olajdu wE;g jsyssfokakla nejz fmkajd fokafka fuu jsoHd;aul wrA:l:kh ;< isgf.k lrkakdjQ Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKh ksis whqrska fufyhjSfuz yelshdj tuZ.ska ,efnk nejsks'3

ixialD;sh .ek jsjsO ksrAjpk we;;a" myiqj ;ld ghs,rA iemhq ksorAYkhla is; ;ndf.k ixialD;sh hkak fufia fldgiaj,g fnod f;areuz .;yelsh'4

1. ixialD;sh hkak ta ta wx. tlg tlajS tlg neZoS mj;akd ixlSrAK tallhls' 2. ixialD;sh bf.kSfuka jgyd.; hq; fohls.ta ms<snZo wjfndaOh flfklg Wm;skau fkd,efnhs. tfia fyhska ixialD;sh “W.;ukd” fohls'

3. ixialD;sh ld,h ;,ska jO!khg m;a fjhs'(fn#oaO ixialD;sh wjqre|= 2500lg jvd merKsh)

4. th mrsKduhg m;ajSfuzoS we;euz wx. yef,hs.fjk;a wx. iuyrjsg fjk;a ixialD;Ska ;,ska Bg tla fjhs'

5. ixfla;j;a wrA: uZ.ska ixialD;sh m@cdj;, iuQy cSjs;fhaoS jHx.drA:j;a fjhs.thska woyia jkafkaa Tjqka tys wrA: ixfla; uZ.ska jgyd .kakd njhs' flfkla u,a w;ska f.k nq|= ms<suhla fj; .ukalsrSu .;fyd;a w;ska f.khk u,a Tyq yeZo me<Zo isgsk wkaou hk .uk Tyqf.a wNsm@dh wmg wZ.jk ixfla;hkah' wfma ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk TzkEu wfhlg Tyqf.a .ufka wrA:h jegfyhs' wrA:h ta ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk iEu fokd jsiskau fnod yod .ekSug mqZMjkalu f;areuz .ekSug mqZMjka lu fuys,d .efka'

6. ixialD;sh lD;Huh jkakg;a mqZMjk wj-lD;Huh jkakg;a mqZMjk' ta lshkafka ixialD;sfha wx.hka l@shdjg kef.k jsg bka iudcuh rgdj Yla;su;ajkakg;a bv we;'iudc rgdjg ydks jkakg;a bv we;' wms ishZM fokdu tl ;ekl ysZo Ndjkd lruq' fuz Ndjkdfjka wfma lKavdhu w;r iuznkaO;dj ;j ;j;a ;yjqre jkq we;' lD;Huh jYfhka th jev odhlh wfma lKavdh fuz yeZ.Suz iuyrjsg uska ;yjqre jqj;a u;ameka mdkh lsrSu ksid iudchg b;d ydkslr ;;ajhla u;jkq fkdwkqudkh'th wjlD;Huh tlla yegshg wms yZ|=kajuq'

mqZM,a wre;lska .;fyd;a iudchl ukqIHhd ms<snZo Tjqkaf.a prAhdrgdj ( yeisrSfuz ms,sfj<) yd iuznkaO ,sLs;^w,sLs; iEu fohlau ixialD;shg wh;a fjz'rgl ,sLs;^w,sLs; idys;Hh (ck Y@e;s) l,dYs,am uQrA;s jsYajdi weoys,s wd.uz pdrs;@ jdrs;@ wNspdrjsOs yd hd;lrAu

1 Religious,Values and Peak Experience,H.Abraham Maslow,Penguine,1970. 2 ,, Do ,, . 3 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ{aZ{df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"1-8 msgq' 4 Primitive Culture,E.B.Tylor,John Murry,1871.ghs,r Ata ta iudcj, olakg ;snQ jsoHd;aul oshqKqjg wkql~,j mrsKduSh pska;kh yev.efiknj jsYajdi lf<ah. TzkEu ixialD;shl wjsoHd;aul ,CIKj,ska tu ixialD;shg .efkk cj;djf.a isl`uzme;`uzj, uq.aOnjo m@lgjkafka hehs olajhs. huz ixialD;shla oshqKq hehs ms<s.ekSug n,mdkqfha ck;djf.a ;rAldkQl~, nqoaOshhs.w;drAlsl wjsoHd;aul is;`uz me;`uz;`,ska nsys jkqfhao fkdoshqKq ;dCIKsl Ys,aml@uhs.kj mrsKdujdoS pska;kh js.@ylsrSu iZoyd ghs,rA jsiska yZ|=kajdfokq ,enQ ixl,am folls.tkuz ixikaokd;aul l@uh(Comparative method) yd ixialD;sl meje;au (Cultural Survival).

we|=uz me<|=uz wdNrK yd |@jHd;aul ixialD;sl ;;ajh iudc ixia:d yd wdh;k wdoS iEu fohlau ixialD;sfha fldgia f,i .; yelsh'1

ixialD;sh lshkafka rcjrekaf.a cSjkrgdj muKla fkdjknj uska f;areuz.; yelsh' ck;dj f.au cSj;ajk rgdj fyda fudaia;rh ixialD;sh jkafkah' iuyr jsg wfma rfgz ixialD;sh .ek l:dlrkjsg iS.srs ps;@ nq|= ms<su wkqrdOmqr fmdf<dkakre kgnqka fmryerj,a wdoshmuKla ixialD;sh hehs weZ.fjhs' “ixialD;sl ;@sfldaKh” hk jpkfhka fldgq lrk ,o wfma merKs |@jHd;aul ixialD;sfha ksrAudK yd kgnqka ;ju;a olakg ,efnk m@foaYhhs' ixialD;sh lshkafka merKs iudcfhka b;srsjQ ksrAudK yd kgnqka hk wrA:h fu;ekoS biau;` fjhs' kuq;a we;a; jYfhkau ixialD;sfha cSjudk me;a; usksiqka cSj;ajk rgdj uSg jvd jeo.;a ixialD;sl wx.hls'2

merKs |@jHd;aul ixialD;sh merKs usksiqkaf.a Wkqkqka w;r mej;s iuznkaO;d fudkjdoehs wmg lshd fohs' ta b;srs jQ ixialD;sl odhdofhka merKs usksiqka .ek bf.k .ksuq' wo cSj;ajk wm yd merKs usksiqka w;r iuznkaO;dj we;s lrkafka Tjqka b;srs fldg .sh ta |@jHuh ixialD;shhs' tajd ixialD;sfha fldgia nj ienEh' kuq;a ixialD;sh Bg jvd m<,a wrA:hla we;a;ls' iudchl usksid cSj;ajk iuzmQrAK rgdju ixialD;sh jYfhka .efka'3

ixialD;sh jgyd .ekSug ;j;a fydZo udrA.hla kuz ixialD;shg wh;a fkdjkafka lulaoehs jgyd .ekSuhs' ixialD;sh .ek mj;akd m@Odk jeros u; folla fuysoS oelajSu b;d jeo.;a fjz' bka m<uqjekak kuz ixialD;sh hkq Wiia iudcfha lSm fofklg wh;a fyda nqoaOsu;ka fyda ishquz l,d ridiajdoh yd iuznkaO fohla hehs l,amkd lsrSuh' ixialD;sh f,dl` usksiqkag fyda ;shqKq risl yeZ.Suz we;s usksiqkag muKla wh;a fohla fkdfjz' fuz iuZ.u ixialD;sh hkq iudchla i; iEu fohlau wvx. fohlehs is;Suo jerosh' we;a; jYfhkau ixialD;sh tla;rd wkaoul oekSu yd jsYajdi moaO;shls'4

ixialD;sh fuz wkaoug n,kjsg fldgia ;klg fnod f;areuz .; yelsh'tkuz

1. w;aoelSuz yd සාරධ�ම u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh(Culture of Values) 2. l,d risl;ajh u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh(Culture of Arts) 3. ප4මානක ixialD;sh(Culture of Norms) hkqfjks'

uska m<uqjekak jk w;aoelSuz u; nsysjQ ixialD;sh wmg wfma mrsirh ydiliajk l@u we;,;a keK kqjK f.kjs;a fohs'fu;a;d ixl,amh Bg fydZo ksorAYkhls.wkdrAh ixialD;sh ;, ishZM iFj j.!hd jsIfhys i;r n@yujsyrKh mokuz lrf.k fu;a;d iy.;j l@shdl< iudc hka;@K hla mej;sks'iudcfhys jsiQ iEu ;rd;srlu ck;dj b;d iuZ.s iuzmkakj l@shdl< nejska Tjqka w;r wNHka;r wdrjq,a fkdjsh'fuz ;Fjh wdrAhhkag wkdrAh ixialD;sh wdl@uKh lsrSug f,dl myiqjla yd jdishla jQ w;r wjidkfhys wkdrAh ixialD;sh mSvdjg m;afldg ish n@yauK pska;k h Ndr;h mqrd m;rjd yerSugo th rel,la jsks'Y@uK iuzm@odhg miqnsuz jQfha wkdrAh ixialD;sh jQ fyhska wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys .enzjQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh Y@uK iuzm@odhhg fkduZoj ,ensks'

tu iuzm@odh i; huz huz wx. ndysr wkqldrlhka jYfhka miql,l wdrAh ixialD;sh mokuz lr.;a n@yauK iuzm@odh jsiskao wkq.ukh lrkq ,enqj;a tajdfhys ienE wka;rA.;h lsisosfkl n@yauK iuzm@odhg Wlyd.k fkdyels jQfha wdrAh ixialD;sh uqZM ukskau ffjrh >d;kh mokuz lr.;a;la nejsks'wdrAhhka hqoaOh wdl@uKh uxfld,a,lEu m@pKav yd ieyeisl@shd

1 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx. lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus,;rx.-9, ixia. n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz,wkq, uQ|@Kd,h,fld<U,1964, 65 msgqj. 2 wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fi,a,smsj,ska fy<sjk iudc f;dr;`re, wdrA. nS. Tosrsisxy,nodod w;sfrAlh osjhsk,Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 17.03 .1999, 17 msgqj. 3 rsgs., jk wrK,iqiSud m@fndaOskS,fmfrArd nodod w;sfrAlh,osjhsk Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,26. 02. 2003, 1 msgqj. 4 Ydia;@Sh jsjsO;ajhg wdjvuq, laf,davz \@en@sisfhda (l`rshrA iZ.rdfjka Wmqgd .ekqkls),isZMusK brsod,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U, 20. 02 .2005, 60 msgqj.

Ndjs;hg .ksuska wkdrAhhka uZvskq,enQ nejsks'n@dysuK iuzm@odh;,o ms<snsUqjQfha wdrAhhkaf.a fuu ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka wkHhka fm<Sfuz ;;ajhhs'ldhsl mCIfhka fuu fm<Sfuz l@shdj,sh wd.usl uqyqKqj rska hd.h f,io udkisl mCIfhka fuu fm<Sfuz l@shdj,sh wd.usl uqyqKqjrska wOsldrSuh pska;k h f,io wrA: oelajsK'jrA;udk f.d,ShlrK l@shdj,sh;,o ksrAudKjdoh mokuzlr.;a pska;k wOsldrsh yd fya;M,Ou!h mokuzlr.;a ksoyia pska;kh w;r we;s jsjsO fjkialuz th ukdj wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska wmg jgyd .; yelsh'1

tys සාරධ�ම jYfhka oelafjkafka ixialD;sh;< wvx. mdruzmrsl jsYajdi yd li,;d f.dkak la mrmqfrka mrmqrg fkdkeiS yd fjkiafjuska meusKSuhs'2fn#oaO ixialD;sh;< wvx. oekqu yd li,;djhka f.dkak yqfola mdruzmrsl muKlajQjlafkdjknejskatyshuz jsYajjSh njlaolakg ,efnz'ksoiqkla jYfhka ld,du iQ;@fhys wvx. b.ekajSuz flfrka jsYo flfrkakdjQ සාරධ�මhkays cd;s wd.uz l, wdoS lsis|= iSudjlg fldgqfkdjkakdjQ iEufokdgu fmd|=fjz l@shd;aul lr hym;a M, fk,d.;yels wdldrfha b.ekajSula wka;rA.;h'3

risl;ajh ms<snZo ixialD;sh ksid wfma l,d lD;s ljs isx|= kdgH idys;H leghuz uQrA;s wdoS jsjsO l,djka nsys fjz' Y@S rdyq, ysushkaf.a ljS;ajh .ek l:dlrkjsg ck ljs .ek lshkjsg risl;ajh ms<snZo ixialD;sh wmg isysfjhs'4

;kafjkqj m@;sudk ixialD;sh kuz wmg‘fydZo’‘krl’.ek ta ms<snZo kS;srS;s prAhdjsOs lshd fok ixialD;shhs'TzkEu ixialD;shl funZ|= fydZo krl lshdoSfuz l@u we; OrAu;d .ek Tng l,ska lSfjuq' wm tla;rd wjia:djloS yeisrsh hq; ms<sfj< OrAu;dj,ska ( m@;sudk; Norms ) meyeos,s fjz' fuz iudcSh OrAu;d (m@;sudk).ek m@lg udkj jsoHdZ{fhlajk f.@yeuz iuzkrA“Folk Ways”

(ck prAhd)hkkuska .@J:hla rpkd lf<ah' “MORES” hk kuska yZ|=kajkq ,enQ fuz ckprAhd iudcfha OrAu;d (m@;sudk) wmg fufia yeisrSu hym;ah fufia yeisrSu whym;a hehs lshd fohs' OrAu;d (m@;sudk) yereKqjsg wmg wfma cSjs;fhaoS‘fydZo’ ‘krl’lshd wfma prAhdrgdj iudchg wjYHlrk uZ.g fhduq lrk ;j;a wx. we;' tajd .ek wmg miqj W.;yel fuysoS wjYHjkafka by; lS wx. ;fkka ixialD;shla iukajs; jk nejz jgyd .ekSuh'5

;ukaf.a Yla;sh wkH ixialD;Skag jvd Wiia hehs ie,lSu iuyrekaf.a isrs;ls' funZ|= ;elSulg iudc jsoHdj fyda udkj jsoHdj bv fkdfohs'ta ta ixialD;s jsjOFjfhka tlsfkld fjkiaj mj;shs' ;ukaf.a ixialD;sh muKla Wiiah is;d lghq; lsrSu udkjflaJ|@Kjdoh (ETHNIOCENTRISM) jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' ;j;a ixialD;shla fyda tys wx.foi n,k wm ta ixialD;sh fyda hglSwx. my;a tajd f,i i,lkafka kuz wm udkj flaJ|@KjdoSka njg m;afjhs' uska W.ekafjkafka lsishuz ixialD;shla ;j;a tllg lukdldr fhka fyda fjkiajSu usi Wiia fyda my;a f,i uqZMukskau ms<s.ekSu lsisfia;a l< fkdyels njhs'6

ixialD;sh ks;r fjkia fjhs.wkqrdOmqr ld,fha wmg ;snQ ixialD;sh fmdf<dkakrehq.h jk jsg iEfyk f,i fjkiajsh'7wo mj;akd ixialD;sh 19jk ishjfia wmg ;snQ ixialD;sfha

1 ikaksfjzok f.da,ShlrKh, iuka; fyar;a, Ydia;@Sh, isZMusK brsod, tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27 02. 2005, 57 msgqj. 2 cela,df.a jsixfhdackh, k,Ska iajdrsia, l;sld ixjdo irKsh,oskusK,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U 26. 02. 2005, 17 msgqj. 3 ld,duiQ;@h iy pska;k ksoyi"ik;a fla'kdkdhlaldr"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"keosud,"foysj," 2001" 4 msgqj' 4 .srd ixfoaY jsjrKh"ixZ{dmkh"lur;Z.` uqksoiqka"fla' ta'wdrshodi iy iud.u"fld<U"2506"2-22 msgq' 5 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"fld<U"1982" 3-8 msgq' 6 Sociology and Religion,Max Waber,London,1976,p.4 7 isxy, idys;Hfha iuzNjhg ;`vq|=ka we;euz fya;"yqkaosrdfmd, r;kfcda;s ysus";rx."ixia' f;rsmeye fidaudkkao ysus"jrosfj, foajtlaLs; ysus yd vnz,shq mS fiakdkdhl"wkq, uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1962"26 msgqj'

m@Odk ,CIKhhs.1th ljodj;a tlu ;ekl tlu wdldrhlska rZod fkdmj;shs' f,dalfha iEu ixialD;shla u fufia fjkilg Ndckh jQ Ndckhfjuska mj;sk wkd.;fhaoSo fjkia jkakdjQ foa fj;s' fufia fjkia jSfuzoS wkH ixialD;s j,ska huz huz foa Wlyd .ekSu yd tajd wfma ixialD;shg m@fjzYlr .ekSu idudkH ,CIKhhs'2

wkqrdOmqr ixialD;sfha iuyrjsg m@lgj fkdfmfkk yska|= fojsfoaj;djka ms<snZo jsYajdi fmdf<dkakre hq.fha olakg ,efnhs' yska|= fojs foaj;djka ms<snZo fuz weoys,s jsYajdi fldagzfgz hq.fhaoS o fld;ruz m@n,jSo hkak ta weoys,s jsYajdij,g m@n, f,i myr fouzka rps; nq|=.Kd ,xldrh jeks .@ka:hlska fmfka'fuz weoys,s jsYajdi wmg wdfjzz fld;kskao$ yska|= ixialD;sfha we;s jsIaKq BYajr ld,s jeks fojsfoaj;djqka wo wfmau fojsjrekanjg m;ajSwe;' wfma mkai,aj, fuz fojs jrekaf.a foajd, we;' yska|= ixialD;sfha wx. wfma ixialD;shg tl;jQ yegs uska jgyd .; yelsh'3 jsjsO ixialD;Skaf.ka meusfKk huzhuzwx. ;j;a ixialD;Ska;,g we;ZMjS ta ixialD;Skays uq,a nei .;a wx. njg m;ajSu idudkH OrAu;djls'4

iudc jsoHdj ixialD;Ska;< mj;akd iqjsfYaIdx. ;kla .ek iZoyka lrhs'wdjD; jsjD; yd |@jHd;aul wx. yegshg y|=kajk fuz ;k .ekoek.ekSu wmg jeo.;ah' wdjD;(COVERT)ixialD;sh hkq ixialD;shl mj;akd woyia jsYajdi mqreIdrA:(idr Ou!)wdl,am hkdosh yd iuznJO jQ prAhdj kah'5fuz prAhdjkawkqj lghq; lrk wdldrh wmg jsjD;j fkdfmfka'huzlsis wiykhg m;ajQfjl foajrEmhla ,Z. ksYaYnzoj hosk whqre is;uq' ta ixialD;sh .ek fkdo;a wfhlg fudyq fmfkkafka flfiao$ Tyqf.a isf;a we;s |=l ta |=l ke;slr.kak Tyq lrk wdhdpkh fojshka ms<snZo Tyqf.a yeZ.Su fuz ish,a, wdjD; ixialD;s hl ,CIKh' Tyqf.a yeisrSuz rgdfjz wrA:h Tyq lshk fohska Tyqf.a l@shdj,ska fyda Tyq i;` fuj,uzj,ska jgyd .ekSu wiSreh'6

ixialD;sfha fuz wdjD; iajNdjh f;areuz .ekSug kuz wm l,ska lSjdfia ta ixialD;sfha mj;akd

1 woyia (Conceptions) 2 jsYajdi(Cocksure) weoys,s(Belief) 3 idr OrAu(Values) 4 wdl,am (Attitudes) 5 iodpdrd;aul Ndjh(Morality) 6 m@;sudk (OrAu;d;Norms) ukdj wjfndaO lr.; hq;h'7

fuzjd jgyd.;a jsg ta ixialD;sfha cSj;ajk whf.a prAhdj ms<snZo wdjD; iajNdjh fmfkakg mgka .kshs'idrOrAu ms<snZoj is|=flfrka kdjQ wOHhkhkaysoS ixialD;sfhys jsjsO me;slv ms<snZoj ukdj wjfndaOfldg ;snsh hq;h.tjsg huz lsis idrOrAu ixl,amhl fyda ixl,amhka lSmhl n,mEu ixialD;sl fCIa;@fhys flfia jHdma;j mj;skafkaoehs mqZM,a jYfhka huzlsis ks.ukhlg meusKSug th jsYd, myiqjla fjhs.jsfYaIfhka ld,duiQ;@.; idrOrAu ms<snZoj fuysoS wOHhkh flfrk ksid thska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu uZ.ska Y@uK

1 jsoHdfjz yd ixialD;sfh jsfhda.h"ng@kavz ri,a (l`rshrA iZ.rdfjka Wmqgd .ekqkls)"Ydia;@Sh"brsod isZMusK" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@iud.u"fld<U"06' 02' 2005" 57 msgqj' 2 nq|= ms<sufha wisrsh,vnz,sjz.tuz.mS.nS jsfcAfldaka,Ydia;@Sh,brsod isZMusK,tlai;a m@jD;a;m;@ iud.u,fld<U,06. 02. 2005, 57 msgqj. 3 ,xld b;sydih,cS. iS. Uekaosia, iSudiys; fld<U wefmd;slrSia iud.u,fld<U,1959,82-85 msgq. 4 ixialD;sl .egSu yd uOHu mka;sl nqoaOsh,wurodi jSrisxy,;rx.,ixia.f;rsmeye fidaudkkao ysus,jrosfj, foajrlaLs; ysus yd vnz,shq.mS.fiakdkdhl,wkq, uq|@Kd,h,fld<U,62-84 msgq. 5 idulduS cSjs;hlg wjYH uqo,ao$ iqks,a udOj,isZZMusK brsod,t;ai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27.02. 2005, 14 msgqj. 6 .@yfhda iy usksiai,c.;a udrisxy,isZMusK brsod,tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u,fld<U,27.02.2005,11 msgqj. 7 Sociological Perspective,Elychinoy,New York,1968,p 7.

ixialD;sfhys luk wkHkH;dj hla ms<snsUq flfrkafkaoehs jgyd .ekSug fuuZ.ska jsYd, myiqjla ie,fihs.

ld,duiQ;@h hkq Y@uK ixialD;sh ms<snsUq flfrk Y@uK ixialD;sfhysu lsishuz wlD;shla jeks h.tys .enzjQ ishZMu idrOrAu ksoyia pska;kh mdol lrf.k bosrsm;a fldg ;snSu uZ.ska Y@uK iuzm@odfhys flaJ|@Sh mrudorAYh n@dyauK pska;k wOsldrfhka usoSu uQrA;su;a lr olajhs. n@dyauK iuzm@odh pska;k wOsldrh mrudorAYh lrf.k mej;s w;r Y@uK iuzm@odh mrudorAYh lrf.k ;snqfka psska;k ksoyi nejsks tnejska n@dyauK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqjdjQ ishZMu idr OrAu Tjqka jsiska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqfjz fuu pska;k wOsldrh mdol lrf.kh.thg iudka;rj Y@uK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enqjdjQ ishZMu idrOrAu Tjqka jsiska bosrs.ka lrkq ,enqfjz ksoyia pska;kh mdol lrf.kh.

fuu wOHhkh uZ.ska W;aiy .efkkafka Y@uK iuzm@odh uZ.ska bosrsm;a lrkq ,enQ idrOrAu pska;k ksoyi mdol lrf.k ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a jS we;s wdldrh ms<snZo mqZM,a js.@yhla is|= lsrSuhs.ta iZoyd ixialD;sfhys jsjsO me;slv ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu w;HjYH fohls ixialD;sfhys jsjsO jQ me;slv ms<snZoj idlpzPd lsrSu uZ.ska Y@uK ixialD;sh;a ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu;a tlsfkl flfia ;,kh jkafkaoehs wjfndaOlr.ekSu myiq jkafkah.Y@uK ixialD;sh ;< .enzj we;a;djQ idrOrAuhkays uQ<sl wdlD;shla ld,duiQ;@fhys .enzjk nj fmkajd oSu fuys wruqKhs.Y@uK iuzm@odh;< .enzjk idrOrAu ;a ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ idrOrAu;a tlla jk muKg iudc jsoHd;aul ixorANfhka fuys we;s jgskdlu f;reuz .ekSug funZ|= ;,kd;aul wOHhkhla is|=lsrSu w;HjYH jQjls.

‘jsjD; ixialD;sh’ f;areuz .ekSu t;ruz wudre ke;'iudc iuznJO;dj, oDYHudk wx. foi ne,Sfuka fuh jgyd .; yelsh' iudc jsoHdkQl~,kuz ;Fjh ldrAhh Ndrh OrAu;d yd ixia:d foi ne,Sfuka jsjD; prAhdjka wjfndaOlr .ekSug mqZMjka fjhs'1

usksiqka tlsfkld yuqjkjsg ta whf.a ;Jjhka iuznJO;d ms<snZoj n,mdhs'‘;;a;ajh’ fyda ‘;rd;sru’ ta weZo me<Zo we;s iegsfhka lrk jevj,ska yeisfrk iegsfhka jgyd.;yelsh' ;;a;ajh fyda ;rd;sru ta whg iudcfha ysus;ek ,nk f.#rjh lSrA;s m@idoh lshdfoh's ta ta ;;a;ajhkag iudcfha jsjsOmdrsf;daIK ,efnz'mdrsf;daIK (Reward) hkako fuu ;;ajh yd ;rd;sru ms<snZo ju jQjls'usksiqkaf.a ishZM yeisrSuz yd iuzm@odhka wkHhkaf.aa ;;a;ajh yd iuznJO fjhs' ussksiqka wkHhka flfrys olajk iuznJO;djka ;SrKh lrkq ,nkafka fuz ;;a;ajh fyda ;rd;sru uZ.sks' |@jHuh yd |@jHuh fkdjk jrm@ido lsishuz flfklg ,efnkafka fuz ;;a;ajh ksidh'

fuz ;;a;ajh <Z.g ixialD;sfha ldrAh Ndrh (Role) jeo.;afjz'.rejrfhla fyda ,smslrefjla fyda uka;@Sjrfhla .;fyd;a tlS .rejrhd ,smslrejd uka;@Sjrhd i; tla;rd ldrAhNdrhla fjhs'ljqreka ,smslrejd .rejrhd uka;@sjrhdjQj;a fuz ldrAhNdrh ta .rejrhdg ,smslrejdg uka;@Sjrhdg tl yd iudkh'f.orl jqjo fuu iajNdjh oel.; yelsh' tys iajdusmqreIhd nsrsZo orejd i; ldrAh Ndrhla fjhs'2

nq|=kajykafiaf.a foaYkd w;r iajdusmqreIhdf.a ldrAhNdrh jsfYaI wx.lSmhlska jsia;r lrkq,efnz' iajdusmqreIhd nsrsog lreKdjka; jshhq;h'wjZ{dfkdl< hq;h'wehg wjxljsh hq;h' fjk;a ia;@Ska fkdme;sh hq;h'f.or fodr iajduS;ajh wehg ,ndosh hq;h'wehg wjYH weZ|=uz me<Z|=uz wdNrK wdosh iemhsh hq;h' fuz ish,a, iajduzmqreIhdf.a ldrAhNdrh wmg fmkajdfok w;r nsrsZol f.a ldrAhNdrh fufia jsia;r fjz' nsrsZo ksjfia lghq; ukdj ixjsOdkh l< hq;h'iajdusmqreIhdf.a Z{d;Skag fydZoska ie,lshhq;hs' iajdusmqreIhdg

1සudc jsoHdj,iqjskS;d .`Kfialr,fld<U,1994,4 msgqj. 2 iudc jsoHdj,iqjskS;d .`Kfialr,fld<U,1994,7 msgqj.

wjxljshhq;hs'(fjk;a iajdusmqreIfhla fkdme;Su) iajdusmqreIhdf.a Okh wdrCIdl< hq;hs'l@shdYS,Sj wk,iaj lghq; l,hq;hs'1

iajdusmqreIhdf.a yd nsrsZof.a ‘ldrAhNdrh’ ukdj Tng uska jegfyhs' orefjlf.a ldrAhNdrh o foudmshka yd orejka w;r iuznJO;d .ek ie,lSfuzoS fufia f;areuz .kq ,efnhs' orejd ;u foudmshka fmdaIKhl< hq;hs'foudmshka fjkqfjka bgql< hq; j;dj;a bgql< hq;h' mruzmrdj f.k hdug ;udf.ao orejka we;sl< hq;h' foudmshka i; foam< kv;a; whs;slr .ekSfuzoS hym;a udrA.hla wkq.ukh l< hq;h' foudmsh wdoSka ush.shdg miq l<hq;` j;ams<sfj;a bIaGl< hq;h'2

nq|=iufha n,mEu ksid iudc iuznJO;d ;< mj;akd ‘ldrAhNdrhka’b;d meyeos,sj yd ir,j wE; w;S;fha isgu js.@ylrk ,oS'wfma iudch hym;a iudchla jQfha iudcfhaa cSj;ajk usksiqka fuzjsjsO ldrAh Ndrhka yrsyegs yZ|=kdf.k cSj;ajSug jEhuz lsrSu ksidh' ldrAhNdrhka yrsyegs bIaGlf<d;a bka ,efnk mdrsf;daIK w;r fuz cSjs;h yd iuznJO |@jHuh yd |@jHuh fkdjk mdrsf;daIKo urKskau; hym;a cSjs;hla ,enSu ms<snZo mdrsf;daIKo fjhs'3

jsjD; prAhdj jsoydmdk B<Z. ,CIKh OrAu;dhs'(NORMS) hkq wfmaCIs; yeisrSuz rgd OrAu;d j,shhs' mkai,lg hkjsg mdjyka .,jhs.Wps;f,i ierfihs'yeisfrhs'fufia tla;rd wfmaCIs; wkaouska yeisrSu ‘OrAu;d’ wkq.ukh lsrSuls' funZ|= ta ta wjia:djkaysoS wfma yeisrSuz rgdj wfmaCIdlrK OrAu;d ke;sj wmg iudchla f.khd fkdyel'

iudc ixia:dhkq B <Z.g iudcfha jsjD; prAhdjka wmg fmkajdfok wx.hls' iudcfha jsjsO mrudrA: bIaGlr .ekSug usksiqka jsiska fuz iudc ixia:d f.dvk.kq ,efnz'ukqIHhd ;< uQ<sl wjYH;d /ila we;' tajd bIaG lr.ekSfuz mrudrA:fhka iudc ixia:d f.dv kefZ.a' mjq, wOHdmk ixia:dj wdrA:sl ixia:dj wd.usl ixia:dj yd foaYmd,k ixia:dj ukqIHhd jsiska f.dv kZ.k iudc ixia:d myhs'ld,duiQ;@h ;, fmkajdfokq ,nkafka b;d udkqIsl mokula u; msysgd isg fuu iudc ixia:d my iuZ. jsOsu;aj fukau ksjerosj wka;rAl@shd lrkdldrh fjz ukqIH iuznJO;d fuz iudc ixia:d ;<ska m@lg jkafkah'mjq,a ixia:dj ksoiqkla fldg .;yelsh'th ;<ska msrsushd .eyeKsh w;r iuznJO;dj Z{d;Ska yd mjq, w;r iuznJO;dj nsrsZo yd ieushd w;r iuznJO;dj orejka yd foudmshka w;r iuznJO;dj Z{d;Ska yd mjq, w;r iuznJO;d j jrA.h l,h cd;sh yd mjq, w;r iuznJO;dj wdoS ixlSrAK iuznJO;d rdYshla f.dvkefZ.a'4

|@jHuh ixialD;sh hkq ixialD;sh yd iuznJO jQ |@jHuh foaj,a ms<snZo tl; lr.;a oekquhs' ukqIHhd f.a weZ|=uz me<|=uz fuj,uz WmlrK f.a fodr .DyNdKav ;dCIKsl WmlrK l,dYs,am idys;Hh hka;@iQ;@ wdoS yeu fohlau ms<snZo oekSu |@jHuh ixialD;shg wh;a jkafkah' hf:dala; oekSfuka f;drjQ ta |@jHuh NdKavh muKla ixialD;sh f,i fkd.efka'wE; w;S;fha cSj;ajQ wo olakg fkd,efnk usksia fldgif.a Yla;sh wm jsiska f.dv kZ.kq ,nkafka ta ixialD;sfhka wo wmg b;srsjQ |@jHuh fldgia wdY@fhks'iuyrjsg tawh .,a.ydj, wekao ps;@hla folla wmg yuqjkqwe;' ta whf.a wdydrmdk msikakg fhdod.;a Ndckj, kIaGdjfYaI tlla folla mqrdjsoHd leKSuzj,oS fidhd.kakg mqZMjk'fuz wdldrfhka ta w;S; ixialD;sh tn|= ixialD;shla Wreu lr.;a mqoaaa.,hka mrsyrKh l< |@jHuh ixialD;sl fuj,uz NdKav ;<ska f.dv kZ.d .;yelsh' ta |@jHuh fuj,uz NdKav wdoS ish,a, |@jHuh ixialD;sfha fldgia yegshg i,lkq ,efnz'5

1 oS. ks. 3 is.d,l iq;a;,nq.c.uq.,308 msgqj.ud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd olaLsKd osid mq;a;odrd ud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd olaLsKd osid mq;a;odrd ud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd olaLsKd osid mq;a;odrd ud;d ms;d osid mqnznd wdprshd olaLsKd osid mq;a;odrd osid mpzPd us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH mpzPd us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH mpzPd us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH mpzPd us;a;dupzpd p W;a;rd odi luzuldrd fhgzGd WoaIx iuKn@dyauKd t;d osid kuiafihH w,u;af;dw,u;af;dw,u;af;dw,u;af;d l`f, .sySl`f, .sySl`f, .sySl`f, .syS 2 oS. ks. 3 isZ.d,l iq;a;,nq.c.uq, 302 msgqj.l:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS l:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS l:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS l:Z{ap .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjfld Poaosid mgspzPdoS fyd;sfyd;sfyd;sfyd;s 3 oS. ks. 3 isZ.d,l iq;a;, nq.c.uq,290 msgqj.hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu hf;d fLd .ym;s mq;a; wrshidjliai p;a;dfrd luzu lsf,id mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid lsf,id mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid lsf,id mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid lsf,id mySKd fydka;s pl~ys Gfkys mdmx luzux k lfrd;s P p fYd.dkx wmdh uqLdks k fij;s fid tjx tjx tjx tjx pqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;pqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;pqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;pqoaoimdmldm.f;d Poaosid mgspzPdos WNh f,dl jschdh mgsmkafkd fyd;ss ss 4 oS. ks. 3 is.d,l iq;a;, nq. c. uq, 302-308 msgq 5 ixialD;sfhys jsfYaI wx.,lUqremsgsfha wrshfiak ysus,;rx.,ixia.n,xf.dv m@Z{djxi ysus yd ;siai ldrshjiuz"wkq, uq|@Kd,h"fld<U'1964 67 msgqj

|@jHuh ixialD;sh .ek l;d lrkjsg huz huz fidhd .ekSuz(DISCOVERY).ek wu;l l< fkdfya' m<uqfjkau .skaor fidhd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fidhd .ekSuls' |@jHuh ixialD;sh (oekSu) .skaor fidhd .ekSu ksid mshjr lSmhla bosrshg .sfhah' iudcfha mj;akd fohla h<s u; fldg w,q;a jsosyg wrA:j;a lr.ekSu fun|= fidhd.ekSuz jYfhka i,lkq ,efnz'ksmojSuz (Inventions) hkq mj;akd fohla fufia my< lr .ekSug jvd w,q;ska hula ksrAudKh lr .ekSuh'ksmojSuz yd fidhd .ekSuz ksid usksia ixialD;ska n,j;a fjkialuzj,g Ndckh fjuska bosrshg hk wdldrh ukdj jgyd .kakg mqZMjk'1

ixialD;sh fmd|=jYfhka .;ajsg ;@sjsO ldrAhdj,shla bIaGlrhs' m<uq fjkau ixialD;sh ukqIHhdg ;udf.a mrsirhg wkqj iliajkakg bv,ndfohs' jrAIdj fkdue;s ld,fha c,h ,nd .kakg wfma me/kafkda jsYd, jejz ;ekQy' ta jejz j,ska ,enqk c,fhka jrAIdj fkdue;s ld,fha lDIslrAudka;fhys fh|=ky' Tjqka mrsirhg wkqj iliajQ yegs jejz j,ska msrS.sh wE; w;S;fha ixialD;sh n,kjsg fmfka'2

ixialD;sfha fofjks ldrAhh ukqIHhdg wkH ukqIHhka yd iqjfia cSj;ajSug WmdhudrA. yd l@u ilialroSuhs' usksyd .eyeksh jsjdyh yd mjq, jeks ixialD;sl Wml@u uZ.ska tl;jSu .ek is;d n,kak' m@ckk wdYdj h:dldrfhka l@uj;aj l@shdjg keZ.Sug;a bka nsysjk orejka ksis whqreka fmdaIKhfldg jevs oshqKqlsrSug;a wdrCIdj fyda iqrCIs;nj mjq, yd jsjdy Wml@u uZ.ska ukqIHhdg ,efnz'3fuz ldrAhh jvd;a jsOsu;a whqrska bgqlr .ekSu msKsi mjq, keue;s lvdu iudc ixia:dj ilialrf.k ;sfnz.

ixialD;sfha ;kafjks ldrAhh ;udfkdokakd f,dalhla .ek ukqIHhd jsYajdi yd weoys,s uZ.ska ms<sfh, lsrSuhs' cSj;aj isgshoS;a uereKdg miq;a ush.sh wh yd iuznJOjk ukqIHhd fkdokakd f,dalhla we;' iqj lrkakg ners wikSmhla ye|=Kqjsg wm lrkafka lulao$huzlsis weoys,s jsYajdi u; msysgd lghq; lsrSuh' uska wmg ,efnk iekiSu yd ;Dma;sh b;d jsYd,h' urKh hkq lulaoehs okakd lsisfjla wmw;r ke;' i;ajhdg urKnsh yd iudk ;j;a nshlakuz ke;af;ah'kuq;a wd.u yd iuznJOjQ fuz weoys,s jsYajdi ;<ska urKhg we;s nsh iEfyk |=rlg ;rkajS cSjs;hg uqyK fokakg wmg bv,efnz'‘wd.u’ixialD;sh jsiska we;slrkq tla;rd ixia:djls'4

fn#oaOixialD;sh.ek mfhH!IKfhys fhfok jsoHdrA:Ska jsiska jsjsOixialD;s (Counter Culture) ms,snZo ;<kd;aulj yeoErSu w.hlrkq,efnz' huzlsis ixialD;shl cSj;ajkakdjQ msrsila m@Odk ixialD;shg wkql~,;dj fkdolajuska tla;rd wiykhla ksid ta ixialD;shg m@;sjsreoaO ixialD;sh la wkqu; lrkqfka kuz ta msrsi jsfrdaO ixialD;shla we;a;ka njg

1 fuz m@;sixialrKj,g ienE lrA;D flfkla TzkE"YIS m@Nd;a rKisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"26' 02' 2005" 17 msgqj' 2 wkqrdOmqr hq.fha fi,a ,smsj,ska fy,sjk iudc f;dr;`re"wdr'A nS' tosrsisxy"nodod w;sfrAlh"osjhsk"Wmd,s m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"17' 03' 1999"17 msgqj' 3 oS. ks. 3"w.a.Z{aZ{ iq;a;"nq' c' uq"158-160 msgq' fu:qkx Ouzuxfu:qkx Ouzuxfu:qkx Ouzuxfu:qkx Ouzux iudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;siudodh jsiqx luzukaf; mfhdfck;S;s fLd jdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xfLd jdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xfLd jdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;xfLd jdfigzGd fjiaid fjiaidfFjj wlaLrx Wmksnzn;a;x 4 Magic Science Religion and Other Essays,Bronislaw Malinowsi,London,Oxford Press,1948.fuu .@J:fhys wd.u wNspdr iy mqrdjD;a; ms<snZo udkj jsoHd;aul woyia wka;rA.;h'Coral Garden and their Magic : A Study of the methods billing the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobiand Island,Bronislaw Malinowsi,New York,American book Co.,1935.wd.u ue,sfkdjqialsf.a js.@yhg fhduqjQfha wd.fuz cSjs;h yd iuznJO iqjsfYaIs wjia:djka wkqidrfhks'fuu iqjsfYaIS wxY wd.usl cSjs;fhaoS b;d jeo.;a ;ekla orhs'tu iqjsfYaIS wxYkuz iudc taldnoaO;djhg ndOd muqKqjkakdjQ wNsfhda.d;aul jkakdjQ ps;a;fjz.Sh jYfhka mSvdldrS ;;ajhkah' iudch;`< we;sfjkakdjQ wd;;sh ffp;isl l,ne.Eksh ldkaidj wdoS ;;ajhka iudc cSjs;h jHdl~,;djhg m;alrkq ,nhs' fuu ;;ajhka tkuz jHdl~, ;;ajhka we;sjkakdjQ jsjsO wjia:d we; Wm; jevsjsh meusKSu jsjdyh urKh wdoS wjia:dj, yg.kakd cSjs;h ms<snZo wrAnqo fuysoS jsfYaI ;ekla .kS'ue,sfkdjqials ksrSCIKhl< wdldrhg iEu iudchlu fuz wkaoug vSjs;fha wrAnqoldrS wjia:djka jsjsO wd.usl j;ams<sfj;a jsiska jglrf.k mj;S' Tyqg wkqj urKh mqoa.,sl cSjs;fha nrm;, foordhdula we;slrkq,nhs' mqoa.,hka w;r mj;akd oevsiuznJOh ksid flfkl ushhdfuka miqj uy;a ffp;isl luzmkhla we;sfjhs urKh iuznJOfhka we;sjk fujeks jHdl~, l,lsreKq ;Fjhka wd.usl j;ams<sfj;a uZ.ska iukh lr.ka kd nj ue,sfkdjqialsg fmkSf.dia we;'

m;afjkafkah'fuySoS m@Odk ixialD;sfha yrh Tjqkajsiska m@;slafIam lrkakg mqZMjk'wefursldfjz‘ysms ixialD;sh’fujeks jsfrdaOS ixialD;shla nj lshfjz'Tjqka cSj;ajk iudcfha ishZMu yrhka m@;slafIaml< ysmsfhda w,q;aiudch la w,q;a yrhlawe;sj nsyslrkakg udkne,Qy'ta ksidu TjQyq jsfrdaO ixialD;shlg wh;ajQy'

‘ixialD;sh’ hk ixl,amh .ek l:dlrkjsg ‘WmixialD;sh’(Sub-Culture) .eko hula oek.ekSu jeo.;ah' jsYd, fyda m<,a ixialD;shl cSj;ajk fjkia jQ udos,shl cSjk rgdjla we;s fldgi Wm ixialD;shla we;swh jYfhka yZ|=kaj;s'iEu ixialD;shlgu wNHka;rsl jYfhka jsjsOd ldr prAhdjka we;s wfkaljsO iuQy wkaa;rA.;jwe;'taiuQyj,cSj;ajk wh tlsfkldg fnfyjska fjkia kjSk woyia yd prAhd we;a;kah'uy ixialD;sh;< jsjsOdldrfhka mj;akd fujeks Wm ixialD;Ska /ila olakg ,efnz'huz ixialD;shla;< olakg ,efnk Wm ixialD;sl ,CIK iEfyk m@udKhla uy ixialD;sfha tjka ,CIK yd ieifZoa kuz uy ixialD;sh;a Wm ixialD;sh;a w;r lsis|= .egSula yg fkd.kshs'

iuyrjsgl Wm ixialD;Ska f.ka uyixialD;shg lsisu ;rAckhla fyda wNsfhda.hla ke;s wjia:d olakg we;' Wm ixialD;shla f.dv kefZ.kjsg ;ukagu jsfYaI NdId js,dYhla OrAu;d (m@;sudk) fyda idrOrAu yd cSjkrgdjla(iodpdrphH!d) f.dvkZ.d.ekSug bv we;.wdrAh ixialD;sh ;< fyda wkdrAh ixialD;sh;< ;j;a Wm ixialD;s lSmhla olakg we;' jsfrdaOS ixialD;sho Wm ixialD;s j.!fhau tlafldgils' fjkilg we;af;a jsfrdaOSixialD;sh m@Odk ixialD;sh iuZ. tlg cSj;a fkdjSuhs'th uy ixialD;sh iuZ. W.@f,i .efghs'iuyrjsg tnZ|= jsfrdaOS ixialD;shl jHjydr jkni wkHhkag f;areuz.; fkdyelsh' taidudcslfhda muKla ta ni jgyd .ks;s'Tjqyq YdrSrsl ydks is|=lsrSuz w.hlr;s'wmrdOlsrSug nshla fkdolajk w;r th ;u ixialD;sfha wx.hla njg m;alr .ks;s'1

ixialD;sl ,e.au (Cultural Lag) hk ixl,amh fuysoS jeo.;afjz'ixialD;shliuyr wx. bj;aj fjkiajS jrAOkhjk w;r ;j;a wx.fjkiafkdjS ta wdldrfhkau mj;Skuz t;ek we;af;a ixialD;sl,e.auls' ixialD;sl ,e.au mj;skafka fuz wxY flfrysh'ixialD;shl ,e.au ms<snZo isoaOdka;h bosrsm;alf,a js,shuz we\a T.anrAka (Wilium F. Ogburn) keue;s iudc jsoHdZ{hdh'fuz wkqj T.anrA.a fuys ixialD;sl ,e.au ms<snZo ksoiqkla fn#oaO ixialD;sh weiqrska js.@y lrhs'

ixialD;sl ,e.au ms<snZo ksorAYkhla T.anrA.a jsiska fmkajdoS we;af;a wdrAh ixialD;sh fyj;a ffjosl ixialD;sh uZ.ska fufyhjkq ,enQ n@yauK iuzm@odh;a wkdrAh fyj;a m@;sffjosl iuzm@odh uZ.ska fufyhjkq ,enQ Y@uK iuzm@odh;a weiqrsks'wdrAh ixialD;sh Ndr;fhys ia:dms; jkafka wkdrAh ixialD;sh Ndr;fhys ld,hla ;siafia mej;shdg miqjh tuksid wdrAhhkag wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys huz huz ixialD;sldx. hgm;a lr ;u ixialD;sh Ndrlfhys ia:dms; lrkakg iEfyk igkla lrkakg is|=jsh

fuz hgf;a fN#;slj yd wOHd;ausl jYfhka wkdrAhhka mrhd Tjqka uevmj;ajdf.k lghq;` lrkakg wdrAhhka W;aiy l<;a wdrAhhkag wkdrAhhkaj uqZMukskau uev meje;ajsh fkdyels jsh iajNdjfhkau idulduS iduh b;d w.hl< wkdrAhhka f,day Ndjs;fhka wdhqO yd WmlrK wdosfhka wdrAhhkag jvd ;dCIKh w;ska bosrsfhka isgS ixialD;shla jqj;a rgj,a wdl@uKh lruska >d;kh ffjrh msrS tfy;a f,day Ndjs;h wdhqO yd WmlrK Ndjs;h w;ska wkdrAhhkag jvd b;du;a fkdoshqKq ;dCIKh Ndjs;h w;ska my< ugzgul issgs wkdrAhhkag wdrAhh ixialD;sh fN#;sl jYfhka wdl@uKh fldg uy;a jskdYhla is|=lsrSu wiSre lreKla fkdjSh 2

wfkla w;g wkdrAh ixialD;sh oshqKq k.r ie,iquzl@u jdrsudrA. l@u .ukd.uk myiqluz jdhqiukh l< ldur iys; uy,a f.dvke.s,s oshqKq c,k, moaO;shlska iukajs; ikSmdrCIl

1 udkj jsoHdfjz ,dxlSh m;`, jsksjsos fofk;"pska;l udrisxy"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"13' 02' 2005" 58 msgqj' 2 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964" 5 msgqj'

jeisls,s leisls,s moaO;s iys; b;du;a iqfLdamfNda.S cSjs;hla .;l< kd.rsl ixialD;shla jsh ta lsis|= myiqlula fkd,;a wdrAh ixialD;sh ;ekska ;ekg huska rgj,a wdl@uKfhys fh|=kq .@duSh iNH;ajh flaJ|@ lr.kakd,o fkdoshqKq ixialD;shla jsh 1miql,l wdrAhhka wkdrAhh ixialD;sh md.df.k ish ixialD;sh oshqKq lr.ekSfuz wNs,dIfhka wkdrAh ixilD;sfhys .enzj we;a;djQ huz huz ixialD;sldx. ish ixialD;shg wjfYdaIKh lr.;a;o wkdrAh ixialD;sfhys tajd yg.ekSug fya;j jQ uQ<sl m@Njhka ksjeosj .@yKh lr.kakg wiu;ajSu fya;fjka tajd ixialD;sl ,e.aula f,i osiajsks fuz fol w;r tn|= fjkila we;af;a ‘ixialD;sl ,e.au’ksidh'T.anrAka fuysoS |=gqfjz wdrAh ixialD;sh;, wkdrAh ixialD;sldx.hkays fkd.e,fmknj jk ixialD;sl,e.au ms<snZo b;djeo.;a ksorAYkhls'

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .ek wOHhkh lrkakdjQ mrAfhaIlhska ;j;a jeo.;a ixl,amhlajk ixialD;sl ifudaOdkh (Cultual Intergration).ek oek.; hq;h'ixialD;shl we;<;ajk jsjsO wxf.damdx. jk oCI;d jsYajdi weoys,s pdrs;@ jdrs;@ OrAu;d(m@;sudk) yd mqreIdrA:(idr OrAu) prAhdjka (iodpdr yeisrSuz) wdoS fuz ish,a, ljodj;a tlsfklg fjkiaj ;ksj mej;sh hq;` fkdfjz'2 tajd ixialD;sfha wjfYaI wx. iuZ. tlajkaj neZoS mj;S'fufia tnZ|= wxf.damdx. tlajkaj neZos mej;Su ta ixialD;sfha jrAOkhg b;djeo.;ah' m@d.a-lrAudka;uh fyda iduzm@odhsl iudcj, lvd iuQyj,ska ta iudc iukajs;jQ ksid ixialD;sfha jsjsO wx. ukdj tlg neZoS ;snsKs'3

ixialD;sl jsirKh (Diffusion) hkqfjka woyia lrkafka ;ukag wd.ka;l ixialD;sh lska huz huz wx. ;ukaf.a ixialD;shg meusK thg tldnoaO jkakdjQ wdldrhhs'4 jsirKh iuyrjsg rglg b;d jdisodhl l@shdj,shla jkq we;.tx.,ka;fha ldrAusl jsma,jh jrAOkh jQfha lrAudka; jsma,jfha wx. uq,isg w;a oel fhda.HjQ;a wfhda.HjQ;a iEu wxYhlau w;ayod ne,Sfuks' crAuksh lrAudka; jsma,jfha idrj;a wx. tx.,ka; w;aoelSuz ;<ska f.k ;u rfgz oshqKqjg fhdod .;af;a jsirKfha m@;sM,hla f,ih' tx.,ka;h w;ayodn,d idrA:ljqkq wx. muKla ;u rfgz lghq; iZoyd fhdod .ekSug crAukshg yelsjsh'/,ama ,skagka keue;s udkjjsoHdZ{hd mjik wkaoug TzkEu ixialD;shlg ishhg wkQjla wx. jsirKh ksid ,enqKq tajdh' ta ixialD;sfhau Wm; ,nd my<jk wx. we;af;a ishhg oyhla muKh'

fn#oaO ixialD;sh .ek ys;k TzkEu wfhlg fuh fld;ruz i;Hhlaoehs jegfykq we;'bkaoshd kq ixialD;sj,ska wmg fl;ruz wdNdIhla ,ensKso$fn#oaO ixialD;sh fnfyjskau yev.eyqfka fn#oaO idr OrAu ;<sks' fn#oaO idr OrAu ,xldjg meusKsfha Ndr; fn#oaO ixialD;sh;<sks' miq.sh wjqre|= fooyia mkaiSh;< wfma fn#oaO ixialD;sh Ndr; fn#oaO ixialD;sfhkq;a fjk rgj, fn#oaO ixialD;sj,skq;a iY@slf,i fmdfydr,nd jsirKh jQ wkaou ms<snZo l;dka;rh b;d jsps;@ cklh'5

ixialD;sl iuzmrAlh(Acculturation) kuska y|=kajk ;j;a ixl,amhla we;'6huzlsis |=rAj, iuQyhla fyda iudchla n,j;aixialD;shl fyda iudchl n,mEu hg;g flfia fyda wdjsg n,j;a ixialD;sfha wx. ,CIK |=rAj, ixialD;shlg n,md Bg tla fjhs'fuh ixialD;sl

1 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964 5-7 msgq' 2 uyfmdf<dfjz h:drA:h iy fojshkaf.a iuzm@odh".`Kisrs jSriQrsh"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"13' 02' 2005"57 msgqj' 3 AAction Theory and Human Conditions,Talcott Parsons,New York,Free Press,1978.ge,afldgz mdikaia wjOdrKh l< wkaoug fm@df;ia;ka;@ l@sia;shdks yd hqfojz hk wd.uzj,ska ,enqKq w.hka yd yrhkaf.ka wefursldkq iudch talrdYs jS we;'tu tlai;ajSu;, wd;au jskh yd fm#oa.,slFjh ;oskau olakg we;' lf;da,sl jqj;a fm@df;ia;ka;@jqj;a hqfouzjqj;a Tjqka wefursklajdoSkah wefursldkqjdoh(Americanism) f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYH idrOrAu yd yrhka jsjsOdldrjQ wd.uz jsiska imhd oS we;' 4 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta' fyauka; l`udr"weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd"fld<U 1997"26 msgqj' 5 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyaf;a mZ[aZ[df,dal ysu"weuz' vS'.~Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"72 msgqj' 6 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka'jS'cS'ta'fyauka; ludr"weia'f.dvf.a iy iud.u"fld<U"1997"28 msgqj'

iuzmrAlh kuska yeZoskafjz'1 jsirKfhaoS ixialD;sh huz huz foa iafjzpzPdfjka b,a,d .kshs'2 fuyssoS th ndysr n,mEula ksid is|=fjhs' jsirKh fukau ixialD;sl iuzmrAlho is|=jkafka tla;rd wkaoul prKhla wkqqjh' jsirKhg fyda iuzmrAlhg m;a jkakdjQ ixialD;shla wks;a ixialD;sfhka iEu fohlau ta iZoyd f;dard fkd.kshs'3

wkdrAh ixialD;sfhka wdrAh ixialD;sh flf;la ixialD;sldx. wjfYdaIKh lr.;a;;a wkdrAh ixialD;sl i;jQ pska;k ksoyi yd i;r n@yaujsyrKh u; mokuzjQ wjsysxidj wjfYdaI Kh lr.;af;a ke;' ixialD;sl iuzmrAlfhaoSo mj;akd iajNdjh fuhuh |=rAj, ixialD;sldx. iys; iudch m@n, ixialD;sldx. iys; iudcfha oshqKq;u ixialD;sldx. ,nd .kakg WkJ|=jkq we;'m@n, fkdjk wfkla wx. f;dard.kafka huz huz uQ,OrAu wkqj jrKSh l@uhlgh' ffjosl ixialD;sh uZ.ska m@;sffjosl ixlD;sfhys ;snqKq iuyr wx. ffjosl ixialD;shg tlalr.;a w;r iuyr wx. w;ayer oukq ,ensks'i;r n@yau jsyrKh mdollr.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo bka|= ksuzk jdiSkaf.a wdl,amh fkd;el~ ffjoslfhda hd.fhys fhfouska m@dK>d;fhys ksr;fjuskau tauZ.skau fudaCIh me;Suo fujeks is|=jSuls'4

m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh i;jQ iu:OHdk l@u Ndjs;fhka wgiuj;a Wmojd jkfhys fjfik bis kdu fhka ffjosl iQ;@hkays lshefjk wIaGiudm;a;s ,dNS ;jqia fldgzGdYhla .eko wnqoafOda;amdo ld,hkays mjd ;ks ;ksju jsoiqka jvd nqoaO;ajhg m;aj yqol,dj jsiQ mfianq|=jre ms<snZojo lshefjz'5fuu mfiys nq|=jre m@;sffjosl fyj;a bka|=ksuzk ixialD;sfha fYa@IaGFjh fudkjg lshdmdk ms<sUsnq fjz'ffjosl iQ;@hkays fndfyda fihska fujeks nq|=jre yZ|=kajd we;af;a uqks hk kdufhks'6

fuu uqksjre wyiska .ukalrknj ffjoslhka olajdwe;af;a bjish fkdfyk BrAIHdjlska nj tlS iZoykays .enzjk fidamdydih wkqj fmfka'wx.Sri hk fh|=u nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd jHjydr lrk,o b;dmqrdK jpkhls'nq|=kajykafia yeZoskajSu msKsi mdrsNdIsl mohlaf,i Ndjs;dlrk fuu jpkh ffjosl iQ;@hka ys uqksjre yeZoskajSu msKsiu jHjydrlr ;sfnz'7fuu uqksjre b;d ksyZvjQ osjshla .;l< Y@uK fldgilanjo olajd ;sfnz' isoaOdrA: fndai;dkka jykafiaf.a Wm; is|=jk wjia:dfjys mjd ud;dx. kue;s mfianq|=jrfhla cSjudkju jevisgSnj iZoykaj we;'fndOsiFjhka jykafia Wmkanj oek.;a Wkajykafia ;ukaf.a wdhqYla;sh wjikanj oekf.k msrsksjs nj fmd; mf;ys iZoykafjz'8

fu#k j@;h fyj;a uqksj; ffjosl iudchg m@jsYaGjQfha fulS uqksjrekaf.a wNHka;riajrEmh ndysrska wkqqlrKh lrkakg ffjoslhka W;aiqljSu;a iuZ.h'bka|=ksuzk ixialD;sfhys .enzjkakdjQ by; olajk ,o wdOHd;ausl oshqKqjg bjy,a jQfha Tjqka w;r m@p,s;j mej;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdNdIh Tjqka fkduZoj ,nd.;a nejsks.uqksj;9 fyj;a

1 The Family Among the American Aborigin:A Sociological Study,B Malinowski,London University Press,London,1913 2 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHdj m@fjzYh"tka' jS'cS' fyauka; ludr"weia'f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"28 msgqj' 3 Magic,Science Religion and Other Essays,B Malinowski,London Unicersity Press,London, 1965 4 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964" 34 msgqj' 5 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"n,xf.dv wdkkao ffu;@sh ysus"iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1986" 11 msgqj' 6 iD.afjzoh"flaiS iqla;h"136'uqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,duqkfhd jd;rYkd msYx.d jif; u,d 7 The Golden Bouh:A Study Magic and Religion,Sir James George Frazer,Vol 12,London Press,London,1911-1915 ffjoslhka w:!jka fjzoh yeZoskajSu iZoyd wx.Sri hk moh mjd jHjydrhg f.k we;af;a thg .re lsrSug jvd th tla;rd whqrlska Wmydid;aulj ie,lSug nejz fmfka'tu fjzofhysu jevodhl uka;@lshkakka w:!jka hk kdufhkao wjevodhl uka;@ lshkakka wx.Sri hk mofhka yeZoskajSfuka by; olajk,o woyi ;yjqrefjz' 8 YdlHuqkSka|@djodkh fyj;a isoaOdrA: f.#;u nqoaO prs;h"iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h"fld<U"1986"11 msgqj' fuu ud;dx. kue;s mfianq|=jrhkajykafia rc.ykqjr bis.s,s mjzfjys jsiQ nj;a ;ukaf.a wdhqld,h ksujSfuka miq ysuj;f;ys uydm@md; mrAj;hg jev msrsksjs nj;a iZoykafjz' 9 uydksoafoai md,s" nq' c' uq" 82 msgqj'

fu#kj@;fhys wNsjDoaOsh msKsi fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Ndjs;dj ms<snZoj fjku yeoErSula l<hq; ;rugu th mqZM,ah.m@;sffjosl ixialD;sh ;< uqks ixl,amh jHdma;j mej;ssks. we;af;kau fuh wffjosl ixl,amhls.fuz fya;j ksidu ffjoslfhda uqks ixl,amhg ffjrl<y.f,#lsl cSjs;hg m@shl< nuqfKda wOHd;au .fjzIKfhys ksr;jQ uqksjrekag oafjzIl<y.

kQ;k iudch .ek l,amkdlrkjsg jdKscFjh (Commercialization) ksid is|=jk ixialD ;sl fjkiajSu flfrys fndfyda mrAfhaIlhkaf.a WkJ|=j fhduqjS ;sfnz'ngysr lrAudka;uh iudcj, n,mEu ksid wjfYaI rgj, fuz fjki is|=jkafka h'wfma iudcfha fuz ndysr n,mEu ksid is|=jk ixialD;sl fjkialuz l,amkdlr ne,Su jeo.;ah'1m@n, ckikaksfjzok udOHjk mqj;am; iskudj rEmjdysksh yd fmd|= oekajSuz l@u ksid jdKscFjh wfma f.a we;,gu meusK we;'

jdKscuh yqjudreju; wo iEufohlau rZodmj;S' jdKscuh yqjudrejg uq,a;ek ,efnk jsg wrA: l@uh iuZ. uqZM uy;a iudc l@uho jsmrAhdihg m;afjhs' w;S;fhaoS tla;rd wkaoulska fuh is|=jknj wu;l fkd l<hq;h' pSk mrAishka .@Sl frdau wrdns msksishkajre yd ysJ|=jre jdKscuh l@shdj,Ska uZ.ska bosrshgwd wdosu cd;Ska jQy'wo fjkilg we;af;a ta jdKscuh l@shdj,shg jvd ikaksfjzok wdos fhka m@n, njg m;ajQ lrAudka;uh l@shdj,sh iy oshqKqjQ ;dCIKh yd iuznJO jdKscuh ixialD;shla f,dalfha iEu rglu ixialD;Skag wNsfhda. lsrSuh'

ixialD;sh .ek l:dl< /,ama ,skagka wmg jeo.;a ixl,am;kla y|=kajd |=kafkah' jsYajuh (Universals) ixialD;sl pdrs;@ bka m<uqjekakh.fuz pdrs;@ jsYajuhjkafka tajd f,dalfha iEu cd;shlgu fmd|=jQksidh' B<Z.g ,skagka l:dlf<a jsl,am pdrs;@(Alernatives).ekh Y@uK ixialD ;sfhys yd n@yauK ixialD;sfhys ixialD;sl pdrs;@ i,ldne,sh yelsh'fuz wdldrfhka ixialD;sl pdrs;@ f;dard .ekSfuka jHjydrhg ths.;kafjksj jsfYaI ixialD;sl pdrs;@ (Specialities) we;' n@dyauK ixialD;sfhys m@dK>d;h hd.h kuska iudc.; lr;sfnz' fuz ixialD;sl pdrs;@ wxYh Tjqkag jsfYaI jQjls.Y@uK ixialD;sfhys wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka iuZ.sfhka cSj;ajSu wjsysxidj fu;a;d ixl,amh fyda i;rn@yau jsyrKh kuska iudc.; lr;sfnz fuz ixialD;sl pdrs;@h Tjqkag iqjsfYaIS jQjls fuz wdldrfhka huzlsis jsfYaI iuQyhlaiuZ. iuznJOjQ ixialD;sl pdrs;@hla we;akuz th jsfYaI ixialD;sl pdrs;@j,g wh;ah'2

by; oelafjk wdldrfhka ixialD;sh iuznJOfhka jsia;r lsrSug is|=jQfha idrOrAu ljrdld rfhka ixialD;sh flfrA n,mdkq ,nkafkaoehs wjfndO jSu iZoydh'fndfydajsg idudkH jHjydrfhaoS සාරධ�මo ixialD;shg iuznJOlr සාරධ�ම"iodpdrh yd ixialD;sh hkjpk;fkka woyiajkafka tlu wrA:hnj fndfydafokd Wml,amkh lr;s'fuzksidh ukqIHw.hkaf.a is|=jkfjkiajSu ixialD;sfha is|=jk msrsySulaf,i Tjqkajsiska wF:!l:khlrkq ,nkafka'

fuzksid ixialD;sh yd සාරධ�ම3 hkjpkfol iudkdrA:fhys,d fmd|= ck iudch ;< Ndjs;d flfrA'mqrdKfha bkaoshdfjz ;snQ wkdrAh ixialD;sh bka|= ksuzk ixialD;sh f,i yeoskafjz'Tjqka iajfoaYsl ck;djhs'Y@uK iuzm@odh mejf;kafka fulS wkdrAh ixialD;sh flaJ|@fldgf.khs' wdl@uKslhska jYfhka neyerska meusKs msrsi jQfha wdrAh ixialD;shg wh;a ck;djhs' n@dyauK iuzm@odh mejf;kafka fulS wdrAh ixialD;sh flaJ|@fldgf.khs'4

w;S;fhaoS wkdrAh ixialD;sh kuska yeZoskafjk iajfoaYsl ixialD;sh yd wdrAhkdufhka yeZoskafjk jsfoaYsl ixialD;sh w;r is|=jkakdjQ .egqu ksid wkdrAh ixialD;sh hgm;aj f.dia wdrAh ixialD;sh m@n,Fjhg m;a jsh'fuu .egqu is|=jk wjia:djjk jsg wkdrAh ixialD;sh

1 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' jS' cS' ta'fyauludr"weia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda"fld<U"1997" 92 msgqj' 2 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1994" 41 msgqj' 3 tu 58 msgqj' 4 ffjosl idys;Hh"fcA' ;s,lisrs"iSudiys; tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"1958"110 msgqj'

l,dYs,am";dCIKh" cSjkm@;smodj wdoS ixialD;s hlg wh;aiEu wx.hlau mdfya fnfyjska oshqKq;Fjhl mej;sks'1

kuq;a wdrAh ixialD;sh tys iEu ixialD;sl wx.hlskau wkdrAh ixialD;shg fojkjk ugzgulska mej;ks'kuq;a wdrAh ixialD;sh rgj,a wdl@uKh lsrSu ;ukaf.a cSjkm@;smodj lr.;aixialD;shla jQnejska hqoaO Yla;sh w;ska wkdrAh ixialD;shg jvd bosrsfhka isgSu Tjqkag wkdrAh ixialD;sh ish .@yKhg k;lr.ekSug fkduZo msgsjy,lajsh'wkdrAhfhda jkdyS udkqIslFjfhkao iEu .;s.K hlskau wdrAhhkag jvd b;d bosrsfhka isgS fnfyjska YsIaG iuzmkak ukqIHfldgzGdYhla jsh' wkdrAh hkaf.a cSjk m@;smodj f.dvkeZ.S ;snqfKa lDIslu!h flaJ|@ fldg f.k nejska iEfyk ;ruz jsfjslh o ,enkq nejska l,dYs,am" pska;kh fuz jk jsg f,dalfha YsIagiuzmkak wkalsis|= ixialD;sh la w;am;a lrf.k fkdisgS ;ruz jsYd, oshqKq;;ajhlg m;ajS;snsks'2

wdrAh ixialD;sh miqnsuz lr.kakd,o n@dyauK pska;kh W;aiqljQfha usksidf.a is;Sfuz Yla;sh fudgfldg oeuSughs'thg fya;j pska;k Yla;sh Wiia;,hlg meusKshfyd;a wksjdrAhfhkau ;ukaf.a ixialD;sh m@;sfCIamjk ;;ajhlg m;ajS ;ukaf.a idudcsl ;;ajh yd n,h ke;sjS hknj fudjqka jgyd f.k isgSnejsks'hd.h"hZ{h yd n,sns,smQcd uZ.ska >d;kixialD;shla;< ffjrh"iudch mx;sjYfhka fnod md,khlsrSuuZ.ska l<lsrSujmqrjuska lghq;lsrSu fudjqkaf.a l@shdms,sfj; jsh'fuz ;;ajh ;yjqre lr.ekSu Wfoid wdjD; udislFjhlska lghq;lsrSug usksid fhduqlrjSu"ndysr wOsldrSuh n,hka3 uZ.ska pska;k ksoyi md,khlsrSu iZoyd wd.usl b.ekajSuz fhdod.ekSu n@dyauK pska;kfha m@Odk,CIK jsh'

fuu oevs iudc urAOkldrS ;;ajh fkdbjiQ wkdrAh ixialD;sfha ksoyiapska;;hska n@dyauK b.ekajSuz ksrAoh f,i jspdrhg ,lalrkakg jsh'fuz ld,h jkjsg tnZ|= ksoyia pska;lhska ih fofkl Y@uK iuzm@odh ;,ska we;sjS uy;a m@isoaOshg m;ajS ;snsKs'fudjqka IgzYdia;Djre kdufhka yeZoskajSug wm mqre|=jS isgsuq'tl, iudc ixialD;sl jd;djrKh fuz whqrska mj;soaoSh wkdrAh ixialD;sh ;,skau Y@uK iuzm@odh ;,skau mekkeZ.kdjQ fYaIaG Ydia;Dkajykafia jk nq|=rcdKka jykafiaf.a b.ekajSuz iudchmqrd jHdma;jS hkafka'4

wfkl;a Y@uK iduzm@odhslhskaf.a b.ekajSuzfukau nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a b.ekajSuz o flaJ|@.; jkafka ksoyiapska;kh msnsojSu yrydh'wfk;;a IgzYdia;Djreka yqfola n@dyauK b.ekajSuzj,g jsreoaOj hdfuka muKla yd tu b.ekajSuzj, fodia oelajSfuka muKla ish lghq;a; yudrl< w;r ta fya;jka tu wd.usl b.ekajSuz wiuzmQrAK tajdjsh'irAjiuzmQrAK cSjk m@;smodjla tauZ.ska yZ|=kajdfkd|=ks'5

kuq;a nq|=rcdkkajykafif.a b.ekajSuz n@dyauK b.ekajSuz jsfjspkh lruska muKla fkdkej;S" tajdg ish wrA:l:k bosrsm;a lsrSug;a"ta wrA:l:k jsoHd;aul pska;khla u; msysgdisg bosrsm;a lsrSug;a"tjd irAj iuzmQrAKf,i yd w;sYh m@dfhda.sl ;;ajhkaf.ka hqla;j l@shdjg keZ.Sug;a" mrsmQrAK cSjk m@;smodj la bosrsm;alsrSug;a"hk fulS ishZMlghq; idrA:l

1 tu 126 msgqj' 2 ffjosl hq.fhka fn#oaO hq.hg"jehsfyafka mZ[aZ[df,dal ysus"weuz'vS'.`Kfiak iy iud.u"fld<U"1964"10 msgqj' 3 w. ks. iv,w;a;ldr iq;a;"nq' c' uq" 94 msgqj'udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd udyx n@dyauK tjx jdosx tjx osgzGsx woaoixjd wiafid isxjd l:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ldfr kF:s mrldfr;s l:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ldfr kF:s mrldfr;s l:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ldfr kF:s mrldfr;s l:xys kdu ihx wNslalukaf;d ihx mgslalukaf;d tjx jlaL;s kF:s w;a;ldfr kF:s mrldfr;s 4 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq't: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk t: ;uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzm rdh ud b;sud mruzm rdh ud b;sud mruzm rdh ud b;sud mruzm rdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud lsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud lsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud lsrdh ud msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .rE;sosgzGs ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .rE;sosgzGs ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .rE;sosgzGs ksCOdklaL;shd ud NnznrEm;d h ud iufKd fkd .rE;s 5 tu ld,duiQ;@h;`< oijsO wOsldrhka m@;sfCIamfhka muKla fkdkej;S mxpYS, m@;smodj ;@sjsO l`Y, yd wl`Y, uQ,hka I;r n@yau jsyrK lu!M, jsmdl ms<snZo i;rjeoE/uz kh jsNd.hla tf,dj fukau fuf,dj jYfhka udkisl iykh Wodlr.kafka flfiao"udkisl YsCIKh we;slr.ekSug;a fm#reI jO!kh msKsi ;a bjy,ajkakdjQ WmfoaYkd;aul ufkdjsYaf,aIKSh isoaOdka; yd iudc jsoHd;aul oDIaGsfldaKfhka tajd Wmfhda.sjk whqre ms<snZoj jsYd, oekquz moaO;shla wka;rA.;h'

lr.ekSug Wps; udkisl miqnsula fyj;a jsjD; udkisl ugzgula f.dvkeZ.Sug;a fhduqjS ;snsKs'1

fuz uZ.ska wdrAh ixialD;sfha .enzjQ w;sYh wudkqIsl wx.fjkia lr,Sug;a"fmd|=idrOrAuSh pska; khlg ck;dj fhduqlrjSug;a nq|=r|=kag yelsjsh'ld,duiQ;@h uZ.ska moku jefgkqfha tnZ|= idr OrAu pska;khlghs'2we;a;jYfhkau ld,duiQ;@fhys .enzjkqfha wkdrAh pska;kfha Wiia m@cd;ka;@Sh ,CIKhs'tfukau Y@uK iuzm@odh i;jQ woSk pska;k OSrFjh uQrA;su;a lrkakdjQ udkqIsl ,CIK ld,du iQ;@h;< .enzfjz' NsCIQkajykafia,dyg iajNdjfhka WreujkakdjQ pska;kOSrFjh ,enqfka fujeks iQ;@foaYkd Wkajykafia,d jsiska ksrka;rfhkau mrsYS,kh l< ksidh'3

pska;kfha ldrAhNdrh ixialD;sh osYd.; lrjSuhs'4Bg idr OrAu iodpdr yeisrSuz iudc m@;sudk (OrAu;d) wjYH m@;H iuzm;a;sfhka Wmldr flfrA' ixialD;sh iudc ixorANh;< l@shd;au l jkaklanejz fuz idlpzPdj wdruzNfhaoSu mejiqfjus'fn#oaO ixialD;sho tfiauh'th fn#oaO hkqfjka jsfYaI fldgolajkafka nq|= oyfuys olajk yr moaO;shg wkqj iliajS we;s ksidh' tnejska fn#oaO idr OrAu hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,nkafka mqoa.,hd ;<;a iudch;<;a m@dfhda.slnjg m;al< hq;hehs nqoaO foaYkdfjka fmkajd ;sfnk yr moaO;shhs'

ta yr moaO;shg wkqj cSjs;h yev.iajd .ekSu fn#oaO iodpdrhhs' tuksid idr OrAu ms<snZo idlpzPd fjzoS fn#oaO wdpdr OrAu iuznJOlr.ekSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|=jsh hq;fjhs' fn#oaO iodpdr OrAuhkaf.ka f;drj idrOrAu fyda fn#oaO ixialD;shla .ek l;dl< fkdyelsh'tfukau fn#oaO සාරධ�ම ms<snZoj idlpzPdfjzoS jsjD; udkisl iajNdjhl wka;rA.; Wmfhda.SNdjh .eko i<ld ne,Su jeo.;ah'wdjD; ukilska i;Hh oelsh fkdyels nejsks'5

wdpdr jsoHdj fyj;a wdpdrOrAu idudkHfhka i<lkq ,nkafka udkj .;smej;uz mrudrA: wNsm@dhhka cSjkl@u iy ixia:d hk fuzjdfhys,d lrkq,nk we.hquz ms<snZo jsurAYkhla jYfhks' ienjskau lsishuz ck iudchl wdpdrjsoHd;aul we.hquzhkq ljfrAo$ tajd jHjydrhg m;ajwe;af;a ukao$hklreKq fidhd nef,kqfha iudcSh jsoHdj uZ.sks' tlS jsIhhkays l@ufjzohka wkqj hdfuka lsishuz jsfYaI ck iudchlg ixialD;sl lKavdhuzj,g wd.usl moaO;shg wh;a wdpdrOrAuh wdkqN~;sl jYfhkaf.k yeoErsh yelsfjhs' ;j;a w;lska n,kl,ays wdpdrOrAuh hkq iodpdrd;aul m@Z{ma;sh jYfhka wrA:h yd iodpdrd;aul we.hqu ms<snZo uskquzoZvq iuznJOfhka we;euz fmd|=m@Yakj ,g ms<s;reiemhSug h;akorK odrAYksl jsurAYk l@uhla f,io yeZoskajsh yelsh'6

odrAYksl wdpdr jsoHdj iuznJOfhka we;s m@fjzY fol w;frys fjkila iuld,Sk orAYkfhys oelafjz' m<uq m@fjzYfha oelafjkqfha udkj l@shdjkag wh;a iodpdrd;aul we.hquz iuznJO yrs jeros fydZo krl hq; whq; hk fuzjd w;r mj;sk uQ<sl fjkialuz ljfrAoehs yZ|=kd.ekSug h;ak orkakdjQ m@dudKsl jsurAYk jsOshls'7

fojk m@fjzYh jkqfha wOs wdpdrOu!h kuska yZ|=kajk jsYaf,aYSh yd ;drAlslwOHhk l@uhla i<ld ne,Sfuks.fuysoS is|=flfrkqfha iodpdrh yd iuznJO mohkays wrA: meyeos,slsrSu iodpdr ixl,am js.@ylsrSu iy wdpdrd;aul NdIhkaj, wvx. ;drAlsl ,CIK jsia;r lsrSu iZoyd h;ak oerSuhs'8

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 2 tu 3 tu 4 iudc jsoHdj"iqjskS;d .`Kfialr"weuz' vS' .`Kfiak iy iud.u" fld<U" 1994" 58 msgqj' 5 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 6 ixialD;sh yd iudch"wkqrdO fifkjsr;ak"f,alayjqia bkafjiagzukagz iud.u"fld<U"1971"14-54 msgq' 7 us:Hdj jkaokdudk lrk mYapd;akQ;kjdoh"ta' vS' m'S l,iQrsh"Ydia;@Sh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;m;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 12' 2004 "57 msgqj' 8 tu

fn#oaO orAYkfhys tk wdpdr jsoHd;aul ixorANh ngysr odrAYkslhska jsiska bosrsm;a lrk by;lS m@fjzYu; oevsj msysgd js.@yl< fkdyelsjqjo ta yeu oDIaGs fldKhlau wkqj iodpdrd;aul jYfhka fnfyjska jeo.;ajQ woyia fn#oaO pska;kh;< we;,;ajk nj lsj yelshs'1

iodpdrd;aul pska;kh ms<snZo b;sydifhys nq|=oyu psria:dhsfukau w;suy;a jQ jeo.;alulska hq; fufyhla bgql<yels pska;khla nj meyeos,sh' nq|=oyfuys wdruzNl jljdkqfjys fukau miq ld,Sk jO!kfh ysoSo wdpdrjsoHd;aul WkJ|=j tys uq,a;ekla f.k ;sfnz' fnfyjskau fmdaIs; wre;a nr iodpdrd;aul jpk ud,djlska ie|=uz,oaols' nq|=oyu iodpdrh ms<snZo jsYsIaG m@udKslmokula tys we;sw;r iodpdrodY!kslhkag yd iodpdrixl,amhkaf.a jO!khflfrys wjOdkh fhduqlrk whg w;sYhskau jeo.;a jk u;jdohkao tys we;<;afjz'2

Ndr;Sh pska;k b;sydih jsuiSfuzoS fmfkkafka iodpdrd;aul m@;sixialrKjHdmdrhl iajrEm fhka nq|= oyu l@shdlr we;snjhs' l@s mQ 6jk ishjfiys Ndr;fhys mej;s Y@uK yd n@dyauKhk WNh iuzm@odhhkaf.a us:HdjsYajdi j;ams<sfj;a yd hd.fydau lrkakkag tfrysj nq|=iufhys iodpdruh jsfjzpk iDcqju t,a, jsh'3

pSk yd gsfngz uQ,dY@hkays iqrCIs;j mj;sk fjk;a fn#oaO iuzm@odhhka yd iudka;rjQ f:arjdo .@J:dj<shg wh;a iq;@ msgldka;rA.; OrAu lreKq foi wjOdkh fhduqlrkjsg nq|=oyfuys wdpdr jsoHd;auljk m@;sYaGdmkh lsrSu iZoyd we;s jsYajikSh uQ<dY@hla jYfhka tu Ou! lreKq ie<lsh yelsfjz' fn#oaO wdpdrOrAu moaO;sfhys ms<s.kq ,nk uQ<sl woyia f,dalh ms<snZo fn#oaO oDIaGsh;a h:diajNdjh ms<snZo fn#oaO kHdh;a iuZ. iuSmj neZoS mj;S'4

nq|=oyfuz ksrAfoaY flfrk cSjk ud.!h jkdyS ukqIH iajNdjh yd jsYajfhys fukau ukqIH brKfuys iajNdjhka ms<snZojo tys ms<s.ekSu jsYajdi flfrka ygf.k we;' tla;rd wdldrhl we.hSuzYS,S yd m@dfhda.sl lshuka fn#oaO OrAu .@J:;< we;<;afjz' tlS m@ldYk udkj l@shd yd prAhd Ndjs;hka yd cSjs; .;siajNdjhka ;lafiarelsrSu we;euz udkisl .KOu! j.dlr .ekSu iZoyd ksrAfoaYlsrSu iZoyd huz wdldr hl jsYsIaG cSjk ksIaGdjla lrd mqoa.,hka fhduqlsrSu yd iuznJOh'5

fn#oaO wdpdr OrAufhys idr OrAuhkays ixorANh f.dvkZ.kq ,nkafka fulSm@dfhda.sl lshuka udrAfhks' nq|=oyfuz we;,;a mru ksIaGdj m@udK yd wka;rA ksIaGdjlska hq; wx. lSmhlska iZoyka jqkq YdlaId;a lrK hlska iukajs;h hkak fn#oaO b.ekajSuhs'jsuqla;shhkq |=l fyj;a w;Dma;slr ;;ajfhka mqoa.,hd uqojd.ekSuhs'ta jf.au jsuqla;shhkq tla;rd wjfndaOhls m@;sfjzOhls'ksielju fuz;< wdpdrjsoHd;aul jgskdluz .enzj mj;S'6

fuys fulS m@;sfjzOh iuzudZZ{dK fyj;a ksjeros oekqu m@Z{dj h:dN~;Z{dK oiaikh fyj;a ixialdr OrAuhkaf.a h:diajNdjh ms<snZo oekqu fyj;a m@;sfjzOhhs.fuz wjia:dj jkjsg mqoa.,hd iodpdr mrsmQrAK Fjhg m;ajS yudrh'7

ta jkdyS ry;a mqoa.,fhlf,i yeZoskajsh yels ;;ajhg m;aflfrk mqoa., fm#reIfha we;sjkakdjQ iodpdr mrsjrA;khla fjz'8 |=laL ksfrdaOh m@drm@dma;sh m@Z{dj ,enSu hk fuz ish,a,

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' 2 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh" j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh" foysj,"1997 51 msgqj' 3 tu 21 msgqj' 4 tu m@ia;djkdj xv-xvii msgq' 5 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh"j,afmd< rdyq, ysus"fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997" 126 msgqj' 6 tu 25 msgqj' 7 u. ks. 111" uydp;a;drSxil iq;a;" nq' c' uq' 218 msgqj' iuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmdiuzud osgzGiai NslaLfjz iuzud ixlmafmd mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud mfyd;s iuzud ixlmamiai iuzud jdpd mfyd;s iuzud jdpiai iuzud luzukaf;d mfyd;ss iuzud luzuka;iailuzuka;iailuzuka;iailuzuka;iai iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s iuzud wdcSfjd mfyd;s …iuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;siuzud Z[dKiai iuzud jsuq;a;s mfyd;s 8 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh"j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oaO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997"60 msgqj'

ish,a, iyNd.S fyj;a tljsg is|=jk isoaOSkah'nq|=oyfuys ksrAjdKdjfndaOh f,iska jsia;rlrkafka fulS ;@sjsOwx.hkaf.ka hqla; mrudrA: uh wOs.uhhs'1

fuz W;alDIaG ;;ajh YdlaId;alsrSu mokuz lrf.k nq|=iufhys ish,qu idr OrAu yd m@;sudk f.dvkeZ.S we;' iS,"iudOs"m@Z{d"wkspzp"|=laL"wkd;au"lrAuh"fya;M,jdoh jeks uQ<sl b.ekajSuz mokuz lrf.k fn#oaO idr OrAu yd m@;sudk f.dvkeZ.S we;snj fmfka'2

nq|=oyu iodpdrd;aul l@shd yd prAhd iZoyd we;euz l@shd udrA. ksrAfoaYlrkjd muKla fkdj iodpdr jsksYaphka yd meKjSuz tla;rd |=rlg ;rAlkhlsrSfuys,do WkJ|=fjz' iodpdrd;aul m@Yak iuznJOfhka jQ uQ<sl ;rAlk iajrEmhg WodyrK jYfhka bosrsm;al, yels jeo.;a ksoiqka lSmhlau merKs iQ;@ OrAu;< olakg ,efnz fuz w;rska ld,du iQ;@h jeo.;a tlls'3

flaimq;a; .uzjeis ld,du kuska yeZoskafjk ck fldgila fj; nq|=rcdKkajykafia jevul<jsg Tjqkaf.a m@Odk meusKs,a, jQfha ;ukafj; meusfKk fkdfhl;a Y@uK n@dyauKhska tlsfklg yd;amiskau fjkia iodpdrd;aul Wmfoia kHdh bosrsm;a lrkq ,nk njhs' fufia bosrsm;alrk jsixjdoS Wmfoiaj,ska ;uka ms<s.; hq;af;a ldf.a luk WmfoaYhoehs ;SrKhla lr.; fkdyelsj wkaoukaoj isgsknj Tjqyq lshd isgshy'4

fuz .egZMj weiQ nq|=rcdKkajykafia fun|= jd;djrKhla;< Tjqkaf.a jspslspzPdj idOdrK nj mejiQy' nq|=rcdKkajykafia mr;ka;@ jQ iodpdr ix.@yhla bj;,eug Wmfoia |=kaw;r Tjqkaf.a ;rAl nqoaOsh weiqfrka yrs fyda jeros ;SrKh lsrSug Wmia:uzNlfjz hehs Wkajykafia is;~ iaj;ka;@ jQ iodpdr usKquz oKavla bosrsm;a lr;s'5

fuz wjia:dfjz Wka jykafia tjlg mej;s iodpdr jsksYaphka(ks.ukhka) yd iuznJO m@;sIaGdjka 10la m@;sfCImlr;s' iodpdrd;aul yd Z{dKjsNd.d;aul oDIaGsfldaKfhka n,kjsgoS fuu iQ;@fha f,dl jeo.;a lula mj;S' fuysoS Wkajykafia m@;sfCIml< m@;sIaGd 10kuz wkqiaijh fyj;a Y@jKfhka mej;tk woyia"(ud wkqiaifjzk) mdruzmrslj mej;tk woyia"(ud mruzmrd h) fm<fmd;a iuzm@odfhka mejf;k woyia"(ud msgliuzmodfkak) fufiajS,q hkqfjka lgskalg mejf;k woyia"(ud b;slsrdh) ;rAlf.dapr jQ lreKq"(ud ;lal fya;) tla;rd wdldrhl Y@e;sh fyj;a wOsldrh u; mokuzjQ Y@uKhkajykafia wmf.a .re lghq;a f;ls hkak u; nei.;a woyia" (iufKda fkd .re) u;msgska n,dnei.kakd,o kHdhd;aul ks.uk"(ud kh fya;) fuh fuz wdldrhhs ixl,amkslj t<eUqkq ks.uk"(ud wdldrmrsjs;laflak) NjH fyj;a is|=jshyels hehs Wml,ams; woyia"‘iuzNdjs;dj’ hkqfjka jsoHd;aulj t<Ush yels ks.uk mjd fuhg wvxZ.h'

(ud nnzN rEm;dh) l,a;shd ;uka nei f.k isgsk oDIaGsjdohg .e,fmk woyia"(ud oDIaGskscA COdklaL;a;shd) hk lreKq 10hs'6fulS lreKq 10 Tiafia t<Ush yelsjkakdjQ ks.uk wod< jsIh m@ia;;h ksisf,i jsurAYkh lsrSulska f;drj wiuzmQrAK f,i t<fUk ks.uk nejska"nq|=rcdKka jykafia by;lS lreKq 10hu if;HCIK l@shdj,sfhys ,d fkdiq|=iq nj

1 w. ks. 1" ld,duiq;a;" fn#' iuz" ixia' 638 msgqj"" hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuhod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfu OuzuOuzuOuzuOuzud d d d wl`I,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wl`I,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wl`I,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh wl`I,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:ixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:ixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:ixj;a;ka;S;a w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd: 2 nq|=ka jod< OrAuh" j,afmd< rdyq, ysus" fn#oO ixialD;sl uOHia:dkh"foysj,"1997" 65 msgqj' 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' 4 ld,du Ou!h" nU/kafoa isrs iSj,S ysus" iuhjrAOk uq|@Kd,h" 1961" 33 msgqj' 5 tu' 6 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' t: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk wkqiaifjk wkqiaifjk wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk udiuzmodfkk udiuzmodfkk udiuzmodfkk ud ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs ;lal fya;` ud wdldr mrsjs;laflk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s

mejiQy' ;jo if;HCIK l@shdj,sfhys,d ;ud jsiskau yrs jeros lulaoehs ;ukau oek.;.la we;snj fuysoS nq|=rcdKka jykafia jod<y'1

ld,dufhks usksfil;< f,daNh yg.;a l,ays f;ms lula is;jqo$th yg.kqfha Tyqf.a hym; iZoydo iajduSkS ydksh iZoydh' ;jo ld,dufhks usksfil f,daN iy.;j f,daNfhka nrs;jQ l,ayS m@dK>d; fkdlrhso$wkqka oE fkd.kSo$mrodr fiajkfha fkdfhfoao$uqidnia fkdlshdo$ os.l,la wkrA:jg yd |=lg m;ajsh yels l@shdjka lrd wkHhka jqjo fkdmuKqjdo$iajduSkS" Nd.Hj;ka jykai fyf;fuz ta ish,a, lrhs' fuysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia oafjzYh yd fudayh iuznJOfhkao fulS lreKq kej; olaj;s'2

fuu lreKq meyeos,s lsrSu wjidkfhaoS f,daN fodai fuday ffp;isl OrAuhka iodpdrd;aul jYfhka ifodia .;snjo tajd |=rskau |=r,sh hq;njo ld,dufhda jgyd .ks;s'tfiau Tjqyq tu wlY,hka kqjKe;s whjsiska jrAcs; nj;a tn|= prs; iajNdjhka f.ka fufyhjkq ,en lghq; lsrSu |=lg muqKqjk nj;a wjfndaO lr.ks;s' flfiaj;|= iaj;ka;@j iodpdrd;aul ks.ukhkag t<USfuzoS nqoaOsu;ka jsiska wjYHfhkau ie<lsh hq; m@;sIaGdjla mj;sk nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia l,amkd l<y'3

fun|= nqoaOsu;ka jsiska wkq.ukh lsrSug ;SrKh lrkq ,nk l@shdj,sh uZ.ska we;sjkakdjQ i;g fyda fkdi;g flfrys Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;fjz'ucACOsu ksldfha ndyS;sl iy wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@hkag wkqj flfkl jsiska huzlsis l@shdjla yrs fyda jerosf,i ;SrKh lsrSfuzoS"tu l@shdfjz jsmdl i;H fyda NjH jYfhka ldrlhdg fiau l@shdjg f.d|=rejk mqoa.,hd flfryso n,mdk wdldrh ie,ls,a,g .; hq; nj wjOdrKh fldg we;'4

lsishuz l@shdjla lsrSug fmr ;uka lrkakg hk l@shdfjz iajrEmh;a bka huz huz M, jsmdlhka lrd muqKqjkakdjQ m@jK;d ms<snZoj;a flfklg l,a;nd is;sh yelshs'fuysoS ;ukaf.a fukau uyck;djf.ao w;aoelSuz mokuzlr.; yelsfjz'5

fya;M, kHhdhg wkqj md,kh jkakdjQ f,dlhl udkj l@shdjkao fya;M, iuznJO;djg we;<;afjz' iajdOSk jqj;a ksh;jdos jqj;a f;dard.ekSu ms<snZo m@Yakh mfil ;snshoS iuyr l@shd;< huz wdldrhl m@;sjsmdl yg.ekajSfuz l@usl m@jK;djla mj;sk nj oelsh yelshs'ta ksid huz wjia:djl l@shdjla lsrSug ;SrKh lsrSug fmr tu l@shdfjka Woa.;jsh yels m@;sM,h fufkys lrk f,i nq|=rcdKkajykafia ;u Y@djlhkag Wmfoia |=kay'6

l@shdjla lrkakg fmrd;j l@shdj lrk w;r;frAoS l@shdj ksujQ miqj hk wjia:d ;fkaoS thska Woa.; jshyels M,jsmdl ms<snZoj iqmrSCIdldrS jSug W.kajdwe;' mqoa.,hd lrk l@shdj Tyqg;a furudg;a WNh mCIhgu;a ydkslr m@;sM, Wod lrkjdkuzzzz th wlY, l@shdjla hehs fm#reIh ySk lrk l@shdjla hehs ;SrKh l<hq;fjz' uSg m@;smCIj ;uka lrk l@shdj

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jscdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jscdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jscdfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfu Ouzud wkjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;dZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 2 tu ,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakpsf;d mdKuzms yka;s woskakuzmswoskakuzmswoskakuzmswoskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudwdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudwdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudwdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruz;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x ofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x ofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x ofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;swys;dh |=laLdhd;swys;dh |=laLdhd;swys;dh |=laLdhd;s 3 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfu;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfu;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfu;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfu Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdl`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdl`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcdl`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$jd;s$jd;s$jd;s$ idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd idcAcd Njkaf; jsZ[aZC|+ .rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jjsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jjsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jjsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;sZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;sZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf;sZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; 4 u. ks. 11wuzngzGsld rdyqf,dajdo iq;a; nq c uq 132 msgqj hfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfudhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldh luzux l;a;ldfud wfydis ;foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu wfydis ;foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu wfydis ;foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu wfydis ;foj f;ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx box ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud nox fu ldhldhldhldh luzux w;laldjHdndOdhmsluzux w;laldjHdndOdhmsluzux w;laldjHdndOdhmsluzux w;laldjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixjixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixjixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixjixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdms ixj;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH ;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH ;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH ;af;hH WNh jHndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wl`I,xwl`I,xwl`I,xwl`I,x boc ldhboc ldhboc ldhboc ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxluzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlx 5 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; n# iuz ixia 534 msgqj k;a:s f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;dk;a:s f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;dk;a:s f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;dk;a:s f,dafl rfydkdu mdmluzux ml`nznf;d w;`;dw;`;dw;`;dw;`;d ffff; mqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqid; mqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqid; mqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqid; mqrsi cdkd;s ipzpx jdhosjd uqid 6 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 377-343 msgq ;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz;x lx uxZ[a[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd l`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd l`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd l`i,djd wli,djd;s$wl`i,d Nkaf;a idjcAcd wkjcAcdjd;s$idjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+.rys;djd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:djd;s$jsZ[aC|+.rys;d Nkaf;

;ukag;a furudg;a WNh mdrAYjhgu;a bIaG m@;sM, Wodlrk tlla kuz ta lY,lrAuhla yegshg;a 1 fm#reIhjO!kh lrkakla yegshg;a ;SrKhl< yelsfjz' by;ksoiqk uZ.ska meye os,sj fmkShk lreKla kuz iodpdrd;aul m@ixidj hqla;shqla; nj oela jSfuzoS tys m@;sjsmdl .ek ie,lSu wjYHnj fmkajd fohs'ta ksid iodpdrd;aul ;rAlkfha oS fn#oaO wdpdr OrAuh m@;sM,d;auljdoS wdl,amhg wkql~,jk nj lsjyels hehs uydpdrAh mS nS fm@auisrs iZoyka lrhs'

fn#oaO m@;sM,d;auljdoS wdl,amh jsiska l,hq; yd fkdl,hq; lulaoehs ;SrKh lsrSfuzoS l@shdfjz CIKslnj fukau os. ld,Sk m@;sM, flfryso wjOdkh fhduqflfrA'jsfYaIfhka mqoa., l@shdjka tys lu!M, wkqj w.hk ;ekaysoS ta iZoyd ydkslr fkdjshyels wkaouflfrys nq|=rcdKkajykafia ishwjOdkh fhduq lr;s'2

f;fuz ;udg fodIdfrdamKhlrk wdldrfha l@shdjkaysfhoSu(wF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkxwF:dms wF:dkx Wmjo;sWmjo;sWmjo;sWmjo;s) fuh ngysr oY!kfha l;dlrk iodpdrd;aul yDoh YdCIshg iudkh'fuysoS wmf.a wjOdkhg fhduq jshhq; ;j;a jeo.;a nqoaO foaYkdjla we;'“kF:s f,dfl rfyd kdu mdmluzux mlnzn;s wF:d;s mqrsi cdkdNs ipzpx hosjd uqid”( mskaj; Tn oek.kak uu lrmq foa we;a;o fndreo lsh,d)'3

huzlsis mqoa.,fhl ;ukacSj;ajk iudcfha kqjKe;a;kaf.a .rANdjg,lajk huz l@shdjla lrhskuz (wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .ryx;wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .ryx;wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .ryx;wkqjscAcjsZ[aZ[ .ryx;s);u iudch;<u Tyq ms<sl<g ,lafjz lrKSh iQ;@fhyso fuz woyiu oelafjz (jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)(jsZ[aZC|+ mfr WmjfohHqx)'

;jo huziudchl iodpdrd;auljYfhka.rAys;jQl@shd ;ykuzflfrk kS;s rS;so tajd lvlsrSug jsreoaOj iuzu;jQ ovqjuz moaO;shlao ;snsh yelsh' tfy;a tn|= l@shdjkaf.a jsmdl uZ.ska we;sjk idrAj;@sl nj;a fkdfmfka' we;euz iqjsfYaI prAhdjkaysoS idjoHnj ms<snZo yeZ.Suz ksh;ju yg fkd.kakg bv ;sfnz' huz jrola lsrSfuzoS flfkl;< jro ms<snZo yeZ.Sfuka fm,Su fyda f;fuz ;udg fodaIdfrdamKhla lr.ekSu fnfyjska rZod mj;skafka flfkl ork iodpdrckl wdl,amh u;hs' fuh idudcsl ffk;sl m@foaYhg wod,h'

fuu wjia:dfjzoS wx.;a;r ksldfha ;sl ksmd;fha iZoyka lrk wdOsmf;hH Ou! ;k ms<snZojo wjOdk fhka ie,ls,a, fhduqlsrSu jeo.;ah' fuu wdOsmf;hH Ou! ;kkuz w;a;dOsmf;hH"f,daldOsmf;hH yd Ouzud Osmf;hH hkakhs'4

fuuwdOsmf;hH Ou!;k fn#oaO idr OrAuhkaf.a moku yegshg ms<s.; yelsfjz'iodpdrd;aul l@shd weZ.hSug ,lalsrSfuzoSo fuzTiafia lreKq i,ldnef,a'5yeu iudchlau iudchlau yeu kS;smoaO;shlau tlu wdldrfha ls@hdj tlu f,iska fy,dolskafka fyda tajdg tlu wkaouska oZvqjuz kshu lrkafka fyda ke;'nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska wli, jYfhka i,lk ,o we;euz l@shdjka idjoHhehs fkdi,lkakd jQ ck iudc mj;sknj wmg is;d.; yelshs'tfyhska tn|= iudcj, ta l@shdj,g n,mdk ffk;sl iajrEmfha fyda iudc.rAys; iajrEmfha fyda oZvqjuz fkdfhfokq we;'

flfiaj;|= nq|=rcdKkajykafia wjOdkh fhduqlrk ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla we;'thkuz f,dal iuzu;h u;fkdj iajNdjOrAufha olakgwe;s fya;M, kHdh hkau; mokuzjQ kHdhu OrAuhka f,i i,lk lreKqh' fuhska woyia lrkafka fjklsisjlaa fkdj lrAu kHdhhuhs' nq|=oyug wkqj mqoa.,hdf.a u;Njhg mjd n,mdk lrAuh yd tys M,jsmdl w;r iuznJOhla we;'6

1 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; fn# iuz ixia 530 msgqj wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wdroaO fLd fu jsrshx Njsiai;s fid w;a;dkxfpj wOsm;sx lrsFjdwl`i,x mcy;s l`i,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx wOsm;sx lrsFjdwl`i,x mcy;s l`i,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx wOsm;sx lrsFjdwl`i,x mcy;s l`i,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx wOsm;sx lrsFjdwl`i,x mcy;s l`i,x Ndfj;s idjcAcx mcy;s wkjcAcx Ndfj;s iqoaOx w;a;dkx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s NslaLfj w;a;dOsmf;hHx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s NslaLfj w;a;dOsmf;hHx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s NslaLfj w;a;dOsmf;hHx mrsyr;s box jqpap;s NslaLfj w;a;dOsmf;hHx 2 w. ks. 1 wdOsmf;hH iq;a; fn# iuz ixia 528 msgqj ;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;;SKsudks NslaLfj wOsmf;hHdks l;udks;SKs$ udks;SKs$ udks;SKs$ udks;SKs$ w;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHxw;a;dOsmf;hHx f,daldOsmf;hHx OuzudOsm f;hHx 3 tu 534 msgqj 4 tu 528 msgqj 5 tu 6 w. ks. iv ksnzfnzOsl iq;a; nq c uq 208 msgqj l;fudp NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid l;fudp NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid l;fudp NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid l;fudp NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd Miaifid NslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdNslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdNslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjdNslaLfj luzudkx ksodk iuzNfjd

foajjdoS wd.uzj, mru fojsfhl jsiska ksrAus; yd md,s; jsYajfha h:d ms<sfj< ms<s.kakd mrsosu nq|= oyfuys lrAujsmdlh uZ.ska md,kh ijsZ{dkl meje;aul h:d mgsmdgshla we;ehs ms<s.efka'1 fuh h:d N~;fhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj fn#oaO ms<s.ekSuls' iodpdr jsfYaI;d oelajSfuzoS nq|=oyu prAhdfjz m@;sM,j,g m@uqLia:dkh foknj l,skao iZoyka lf<uq'

nq|=oyfuys iZoykajk mqkrANj iuznJO b.ekajSu yd jsYajdih mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz osrs.ekajSu iZoyd jeo.;afjz'tfia jkafka lula ksido usksia yeisrSuzj, jevs fldgila wd;audrA:h uZ.ska jsksYaphjk fyhsks' urKskau; huz wdldrhl meje;aula ke;hk WpzfPAojdoS woyi nq|=oyu jsiska i,lkq ,nka fka mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdr cSjs;h j.lSuz rys; iajNdjhlg m;alsrSug ;vqfokakla yegshghs'2 mqoa., l@shdjl jgskdlu wkqj ;SrKh lsrSfuzoS nq|=oyu jeo.;a lreKq folla flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrjhs'

1. wfmaCIs; l@shdj iDcqj fyda jl@j ksjk yd iuznJOjkafkao yd th flfklf.a ixidrsl meje;afuz;;ajh wNsjO!kh lrkafkao hkakhs'3 fn#oaO wdpdr Ou!hlu!h yd ms<snZo b.ekajSu yd iuznJOjkafka uskafojeks lreK wkqjhs.lu!ho fuysoS mokuz lr.kS'

2. mqoa., yd f,dal iajNdjh ms<snZoj iduzm@odhsl u;s u;dka;r m@;sfCIamlrk nq|=oyu ta fjkqjg mgspzp iuqmamdo Ou!h4 fyj;a fya;M,jdoh bosrsm;alrhs'

usksia j.!hdf.a talSh Ndjh;a usksidf.a iajdOSk;;ajh;a pska;k ksoyi;a nq|=oyuska ;yjqre flfrA'mqoa.,hd yd iudch w;r mj;sk wfkHdkH neZoSuzyd n,mEuz biau; fldg fmkajk nq|=oyu mqoa., wNsjDoaOshg iudch;a iudc wNsjDoaOshg mqoa.,hd;a wfkHdkH jYfhka n,mdk wkaou WmldrSjk wdldrh jsoyd olajhs'taksid mqoa., iudc WNhmdrAYjfhau iudk wNsjDoaOshg fhd.H jk wdldrfha idr OrAu moaO;shla ilialsrSug nq|=oyu uZ.fmkajhs'

rd. oafjzI fuday hk mqoa., fm@arK ;fkka usksid fufyhjkq ,enqjo usksid iajpzPJo;dj fhka hq; nj nq|=oyu fmkajdfohs' jsl,am follska fyda jevs .Kklska tlla f;dard .ekSugo fydZo krl f;dard fnzrd .ekSugo usksidg yelshdj we;hk mokuu; nq|=oyu msysgdmj;S' usksid f.a iajdOSkFjh;a pska;k ksoyi;a ms<s.ekSu uZ.ska fuz moku jvd;a wjOdrKhfldg nq|=oyu olajdisgS'5

iajpzPJo;djla fkdue;skuz usksidg |=lska usZoSug iirska tf;rjSug yelshdjla ,efnkafka ke;' fn#oaO සාරධ�ම f;dard fnzrd .ekSfuzoS usksidi; fuzyelshdj Wmfhda.Slr .ekSug nq|=oyu wkqn,fohs' fn#oaO සාරධ�ම .ek yZ|=kd.ekSfuzoS tys moku .ek jsuiSu msKsi Wmfhda.Slr.;hq; uskquzoZvq nq|=oyfuz bosrsm;a flfrA'6

wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@fha fuz .ek idlpzPd flfrknj uSg by;o idlpzPdfldg we;'ta wkqj fn#oaO idr OrAuj,g moku jS we;af;a li,dli, ixl,amhhs';ud we;ZM ishZM

1 w. ks. iv ksnzfnzOsl iq;a; nq c uq 208 msgqj fpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzuxfpz;kdyx NslaLfj luzux jodus fp;hs;ajd luzux lfrd;s lfrd;s lfrd;s lfrd;s ldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukidldfhk jdpdh ukid 2 u. ks. 11 ud,qxlH mq;a; iq;a; nq c uq 158 msgqj kF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jF:s iqlgkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jF:s iqlgkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jF:s iqlgkF:s oskakx kF:shsgzGx jF:s yq;x jF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dluzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dluzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dluzudkx M,x jsmdfld jF:s whx f,dfld kF:s mfrd f,dfld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d fld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d fld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d fld kF:sud;d kF:s ms;d k:s i;a;d Uzmmdl;sld kF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx Uzmmdl;sld kF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx Uzmmdl;sld kF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx Uzmmdl;sld kF:s f,dfl iuKn@dysuKd iuzu.a.;d iuzud,gsmkakd fh buZ[ap f,dalx mrZ[ap f,dalx ihxihxihxihx wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;wNsZ[aZ[d ipzPslFjd mfjoka;s 3 i. ks. 11 k.r iq;a; nq c uq 166 tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x tjfuj ljdyx NslaLfj woaoix mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKx u.a.x mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mqrdKZ[acix mmmmqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d qnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d qnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d qnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhd;x l;fudp fid NslaLfj mqrdK u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d mqrdKZ[acfid mqnznflys iuzud iuznqoafOys wkqhdf;d whfuj wrsfhd wgzGx.sfld u.af.d 4 u. ks. 1 uyd;Kayd ixLh iq;a; nq c uq 616 msgqj wjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdrwjscAcdh;afjj wfii jsrd. ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOd ixLdr ksfrdOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdfOd jsZ[aZ[dK ksfrdOd kdurEm ksfrdfOdksfrdfOdksfrdfOdksfrdfOd…… .cd;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s cd;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s cd;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s cd;s ksfrdOd crdurK fidl mrsfoj |=laL fodukiaiqmdhdid ksrecACOka;s 5 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-338 msgq hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdjhod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cfhhHd: bfu Ouzud wcfhhHd: bfu Ouzud wcfhhHd: bfu Ouzud wcfhhHd: bfu Ouzud wlI,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d lI,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d lI,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d lI,d bfu Ouzud idjcAcd bfu Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+ .rysld bfu Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud mcfyHd:iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud mcfyHd: 6 tu' t: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud udt: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkk ud ;lal fy; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk fy; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk fy; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk fy; ud khfya;` ud wdldrmrsjs;la flk ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKd fkd .rE;s.rE;s.rE;s.rE;s

fokdgu hym; msKsi fya;jk foh muKla fn#oaOidr Ou! jYfhka i,lkafka tys oelafjk ksrAKdhl j,g wkqjh'1

mqoa.,hdg hym; whym; lulaoehs f;dard fnzrd .ekSfuzoS w;S; w;aoelSuz mqrAjdorAY wdosh Wmfhda.S lr.; yelsfjz' uSg wu;rj ;j;a huz huz idOl fuz iZoyd bjy,afldg .;yelsh' tfy;a fuz w;r wu;r lsis|= idOlhlg jy,a jS hym; whym; jsksYaph fkdl<hq;nj ld,du iQ;@fhaoS biau;fldg we;swkaou fuysoS isysm;alr .ekSu jeo.;afjz'ld,du iQ;@fhaoS fm#oa.,slju iaffjrSj fuu ks.ukhg mqoa.,hdg t<eUsh yelsnj wjOdrKh fldgwe;'2

fuu mqZM,a m@dfhda.sl uskquzoZvq Wmfhda.Sfldg f.k idr OrAu jsksYaphlrk nq|=oyu mqoa., wNsjDoaOshg iudc m@.;shg iuia; m@cdjf.a hym;g fya;jkakdjQ idr OrAu rdYshla ms<s.kS' mkais,aj, wka;rA.;j ;sfnkafka tn|= idrOrAu myls.m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu uQ<sl idr OrAuhls lsis|= m@dKsfhl >d;kh fkdl< hq;h hkak fn#oaO b.ekajSuhs'3

lsishuz fjk;a iuhjdohlska fuu OrAuh W.kajkjdkuz ;ukajykafiaf.a wkque;sh Bg ,efnknj Wkajykafia olajd isgs;s' wkai; foh fkd.ekSu iduhg iqyo;djlg wfkHdkH iyfhda.hg fnfyjska Wmldrjk idr OrAuhls'

;kafjks is,amohg mokuzjS ;sfnkafka iudc cSjs;fha lvdu tallh jk mjq,a cSjs;h idulduSj ia:sridrj mj;ajdf.khdug Wmldrjk idrOrAuhls'uqidnia fovSu wdosfhka je<lSu;a u;a|@jH Ndjs;hg f.d|=re fkdjSu;a mqoa.,hd yd iudc h w;r fukau m@.;shg bjy,ajk idr OrAufhdah' mqoa., prAhdj yd neZ|=kq fiiq wxYj,g n,mdk fn#oaO idr OrAu rdYshla we;'

l,dfCI;@h yd iuznJOj idrOrAu f.kne,qj;a ridiajdoh yd iuznJO idrOrAu f.kne,qj;a meyeos,sj fmfkkafka fuz ishZMu wxYhkays idrOrAu by;ska oelajQ kHdhd;aul uskquzoKavg wkqj ieZ.jS we;s njhs'

l,dj uZ.ska flfrkafka mqoa.,hd hym;g fhduqlrjSuhs'mqoa., ika;dkh wmjs;@lrk wd;audrA:lduS nj fl@daOh oafjzYh rd.h ;kSfldg mrdrA:h ohdj lreKdj WfmaCIdj mqoa.,hd;< we;slrjSuhs'fn#oaO idrOrAu uZ.ska ridiajdo kh oshqqqKqflfrkafka OdrAusl jsfkdaohla myka ixfjz.hla Nla;sjsZoSug bv ie,eiajSuhs' wdrA:sl fCIa;@hg n,mdk idrOrAu jqjo l@shd;auljkafka mqoa., yd iudc iqNisoaOsh we;sfldg mqoa.,hd yd iudch iqLs; uqos; lsrSuhs'

plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;@h l~goka; iQ;@h fuz nj ukdj meyeos,s lrhs' irAj idOdrK wdrA:sl l@uhla nsys fldg cd;sl Okh yd ksIamdokh ishZMfokd w;r fnoS hkmrsos wdrA:slh yev.eiajSug ;a iQrdlEu j<lajd Y@udNsudkh we;sfldg Y@uhg kshu we.hqula ,ndoSug;a fn#oaO idrOrAu bjy,ajk nj b;d meyeos,s fjz'4

1 u. ks. 11"wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iq;a;"nq' c' uq' 132 msgq'hfojhfojhfojhfoj Fjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfudFjx rdyq, ldhluzux l;a;ldfud wfydis ;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu wfydis ;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu wfydis ;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu wfydis ;foj f; ldh luzux mpzpfjlaLs;nznx hkakQ fLd wyx nox ldfhk luzux l;a;`ldfud box fu ldhldhldhldh luzux luzux luzux luzux w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh w;ljHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hH mrjHdndOdhms ixj;af;hh Wnh jHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxjHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxjHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlxjHdndOdh ms ixj;af;hH wlI,x box ldh luzux |=laLqodhx |=laL jsmdlx 2 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-343 msgq hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;`uzfy ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: nfuz Ouzud wl`i,dcdfkhHd: nfuz Ouzud wl`i,dcdfkhHd: nfuz Ouzud wl`i,dcdfkhHd: nfuz Ouzud wl`i,d nfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;dnfuz Ouzud idjcAcd nfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoska kd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:kd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:kd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:kd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: luzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd:…t: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud t: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh wkqiaifjk ud mruzmrdh …….bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz bfuz Ouzud lI,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud ksZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;aOuzud iu;aOuzud iu;aOuzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 3 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c'uq'337-343 msgq mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dfNak wNsN~,qoafOd mkdhx ld,dud f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;smkdhx ld,dud f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;smkdhx ld,dud f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;smkdhx ld,dud f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s….|=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi |=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafiak mq.a.f,d fodafiak mq.a.f,d fodafiak mq.a.f,d fodafiak wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;swNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s…..uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk uq<afyd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,d fudfyk wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s wNsN~f;d mrshdoskakps;af;d mdKuzms yka;s 4 oS. ks. 111"plalj;a;s iSykdo iq;a;"nq'c'uq'110-102 msgq mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx mfKd k yka;nzfnd woskakx kdod;nznx ldfuiq uspzPd k pldfuiq uspzPd k pldfuiq uspzPd k pldfuiq uspzPd k prs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;srs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;srs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;srs;nznd uqid k Ndis;nznd ucAcx k md;nznx h:dN~;x p N`Z[ac:d;s

fn#oaO wdpdr OrAu ish,a,la iZoyd mdol jkafka fuz idr OrAuh fuz idrOrAu wdpdr OrAuhkaf.a o< fmd|= iajrEmhhs'tu fmd|=ixl,am meyeos,sfldg js.@yfldg l@shdjg kefZ.k whqre keZ.shhq; whqre oelajSu yeZoskafjkafka wdpdr OrAu hkqfjks idr OrAu fmd|= uQ<sl iajrEmhhs'wdpdr OrAu tys jsldYs; mqZM,a iajrEm hhs'wfkla w;g සාරධ�ම ps;a; ixl,am f,i;a wdpdr Ou! tys iudc jsoHd;au l iajrEmh f,i;a js.@ylrkakg ms<sjk'fuysoS සාරධ�ම yd wdpdr Ou!hkaf.a we;s wfkHdkH inZo;dfjzz ijrEmh iudc jsldYfhaoS w;sYhskau bjy,a jkakla njg m;afjz'idudkHfhka TzkEu iudchla jsldYh jSfuzoS m<uqfjkau mtsjrA;khg ,lajkqfha සාරධ�ම ixl,amka fjhs'

WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a jevsysgshkag ie,lSu W;uz .Khls'hkfuh fn#oaO idr OrAuhls' jevsysgsfhda kuz ljryqo$ Tjqkag ie,lSu flfia l<hq;o$ie<lsh hq;af;a wehs$wdosh ms<snZo jsia;r whs;s jkafka wdpdr OrAu .Khghs fydZo us;rka weiqrelsrSu hym;s hkak idr OrAuhls'

fydZo us;rkaf.a ,CIK krl us;rkaf.ka Tjqka fjka lr.kakd wkaou fydZo us;rka weiqre lsrSfuka ,nk m@;sM, wdosh b;d ishquzf,i js.@yfldg meyeos,slsrSfuka idr OrAuh wdpdr OrAuhla njg m;alr.kq ,efnz' mqoa., cSjs;h fukau iudc cSjs;ho idrA:l lr.ekSug iycSjkfhka lghq;lr .ekSug fujeks kHdhd;aul OrAuhla uZ.ska Wmfoia wjYHh'

tu ldrAhh flfrkafka idrOrAu uZ.sks' tfyhska cSjs;h yev.iajd.kakg idrOrAu yZ|=kdf.k lghq; lsrSu b;du jeo.;ah'jsfYaIfhkau ffoksl cSjs;fhaoS uqyqKmdkakgis|=jk fkdfhl;a m@Yak ksrdlrKhlr .ekSug fn#oaO idrOrAu Wmfhda.Slr .;yelsh' WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a ;ukag .e<fmk nsrshla fidhd.ekSug ;uka w.hk idr OrAu uZ.ska uZ. fmkajSula ,ensh hq;h'1

we;a;jYfhka u jsjyjSug wfmaCIdlrk fofofkl fn#oaOhska jYfhka l<hq;af;a fofokdjsiska w.hk idrOrAu .e<fmaohkak fidhdne,Suhs fuz w;ska i<ldnef,kl< fn#oaO idr OrAu yZ|=kd .ekSu idr OrAu j,g fhda.H;dj hym;anj f;dard fnzrd .ekSu ta iZoyd WmldrSjk nj fn#oaO ksrAKdhl fyj;a usKquzoZvq yZ|=kd.ekSu msKsi b;d wjYHnj meyeos,s fjz'

fn#oaO සාරධ�ම ms,snZoj idlpzPdlrk jsg fndfyda nyq,j lshefjk ixl,amhla jkqfha mqZ[aZ[ iy li, ixl,amhhs'2fuys mqZ[aZ[ hkak idudkHjHjydrfhaoS msk hkqfjkao yeZoskafjz'fndfydafokd is;kafka msk ke;skuz mqZ[aZ[h ms<snZoj yd lY,h ms<snZoj3 js.@yjqkq iQ;@foaYkdfjka fjka jYfhka ;@smsglh;< wka;rA .; jknjhs'tfia fyhska hfula mqZ[aZ[h yd li,h .ek iZoyka lsrSfuysoS wjYHfhkau tu iQ;@ foaYkd muKlau Bg wod< lr.; hq;h hk u;hoevsj or;s' ux.,iQ;@h" ji,iQ;@h"jH.a>mcAciQ;@h" isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h"wKkiQ;@h"mrdNjiQ;@h"lrKShfu;a;iQ;@h" fu;a;dksixiiQ;@h jeks iQ;@foaYkd taiZoyd l,a;nd iQodkuzfldg ;ndf.k isgs;s'tf,iu wNS;j is;Sug Wmfoia|=ka iQ;@foaYkdjlaf,i ld,duiQ;@ho iQodkuz fldg ;ndf.k isgskjd jskd bka mrsndysrjQ wfkla hula ld,duiQ;@fhys wvx.o keoao hkak.ek oek.ekSugj;a Wkka|=fkdfj;s'

tnejska ta ;;ajh hgf;a hfula ld,duiQ;@fhka js.@yjkakdjQ mqZ[aZ[ yd li, ixl,am4 ms,snZo Tng isf;kafka lulaoehs jsuiqfjd;a wksjdrAfhkau tawh lshkafka ld,du iQ;@fhys tnkaola jsia;rlr fkdue;s njhs'ld,du iQ;@hys tu jpk ta wdldrfhkau fkdue;snj we;a;ls'kuq;a nq|=kajykafiaf.a we;euz foaYkdjka msrslaiQl< huzlsisfohla jHxckjYfhka fkdmjidwrA:jYfhka th jsYf,aIKhlr we;s wjia:djka nyq, jYfhka oel.; yelsjkq we;'ld,du iQ;@h uekjska msrslaid ne,qjfyd;a tys wka;rA.; jkqfha uqZMukskau fn#oaO lY,

1 iudc jsoHdj yd udkj jsoHd m@fjzYh"tka' vS' c'ta' fyauka; l`udr"weia f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd"fld<U" 1997"67 msgqj' 2 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj hod ;uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d cfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d cfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d cfkhHd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mami;a:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s 3 tu 4 tu

ms<sfj; nj TzkEu flfklg meyeos,sfjz'fn#oaO lY, ms<sfjf;ys olakg ,efnkakdjQ jsfYaI ,CIKh jQ l,S tu lY, msMsfj; uq, ueo w. jYfhka ukdj foaYs;njhs fuu .e<mSu uQ<sl fn#oaO kHdh jQ p;rdrAh i;Hh ;,u wka;rA.;h' TzkEu nqoaO foaYkdjla p;rdrAh i;Hfhys md ix.@y fldg oelajsh yelaf;a ta ksidh'

ld,dui Q;@hg fulS ;;ajh fmd|=h'ld,dui Q;@fhys oelafjk b.ekafjk b.ekajSuz tlska tl m@fjzYfuka js.#yfldg ne,qjfyd;a ta yeu m@ua;;hlau uqZMukskau p;rdrAh i;Hfhka mrsndysr fkdjk nj oel.; yelsh'

ld,duiQ;@h pska;kh flaJ|@.; fldgf.k foaYkdlrw;snj we;a;h'kuq;a pska;kh flaJ|@.; fldg.;a b;d jsYd, සාරධ�ම moaO;shlao fuz;< wvx.h'jsYd, jYfhka wdpdrOu! wvx.h'fuz wdldrfhkau ld,du iQ;@h;< mqZ[aZ[ yd li, ixl,amh wka;rA.;h'li,uQ, yd wli,uQ, ms<snZoj fuys iDcqju oelafjz'fydZo"fkdfydZo"lu!M,"jsmdl"msk mqZ[a[h"mj ms<snZoj iZoykafjzz' mxpYS, m@;smodj yd i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdj ms<snZoj b;d oSrA> yd .eUqre kHdhdkQl~, jsYaf,aIKhka wvx.fjz'fuz ishZM foa li, yd mqZ[aZ[ ixl,amhg wka;rA.;jk lreKqh'ld,du iQ;@h;, wvx. lreKq jrA.SlrK l@shdj,shlg ,lal<fyd;a tajd my; oelafjk m@Odk fldgia ;kg yd p;rdrAh i;Hhh hg;g ix.Dys;jk nj oel.; yelsh'tkuz

1. w;ay<hq; ksfYaOkSh m@ia;;hka 1 2. jevshhq; m@;scdkkSh m@ia;;hka 2 3. iuia; l@shdj,sfhys wjidk m@;sM,h f,ihs 3

1. ����� ��� ��ш���� ������

fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ ixl,amka jkdyS neyerlsrSfuka flfkl;< pska;kuh mrsfYdaOkhla we;sjkakdjQ lreKqh' tajd my; iZoyka mrsos ix.@y fldg oelajSug yelshdj we; tkuz

1. oi jeoEreuz wka;.duS pska;k wOsldrhka (Negative Ten Othoraties) 4 2. miamjq 5 3. f;jeoEreuz wlY,uQ,hka 6

2. ���� ��� ������ ������

jevsh hq; hkafkys wrA:h kuz ;ukaf.a is;;< jO!kh l< hq;jQ lY,Ou!hkah' fuu lY, Ou!hka jO!kh lsrSu ksid udkisl m@Ndiajrh u;lr.; yelsh'is; W;am;a;sfhkau mrsrsis|=nj;a neyerska tk wlY, ps;a; ixl,amhka ksid lsZMgg m;ajk nj nq|=iufhys iZoyka jkafkah'isf;ys we;sjkakdjQ m@Ndiajr ;;ajhg fy;jkakdjQ lreKq fudkjd oehs oelajSu fuhg wh;ah' fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ lreKq my; iZoyka mrsos ix.@y fldg oelajSug yelshdj we; tkuz

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: l`uzfy ld,dud mcfyhHd: 2 tu bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfy ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd: 3 tu wkjcAcd Nkaf;…jsZ[aZC|+miF:d Nkaf;….iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkd fyF: fyd;S;s…i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;da tajx wixls,sgzG ps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfu p;a;dfrd wiaidid wOs.f;d fydka;s 4 tu ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud…wkqiaifjzk…mruzmrdh…b;slsrdh…msgl iuzmodfkak…;lalfya;… kh fya;` ….wdldr mrsjss;laflk…..osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd….NnznrEm;dh…..iufKda fkd .rE;s 5 tu …mrshdoskak ps;af;d mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms .pzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx ix fyd;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 6 tu mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNk… .fodafik….fudafyak… wNsN~f;d mrshdoskak ps;af;d

1. jsjD; mrsis|= m@Ndiajr udkisl wjOsNdjh 1 2. mxpYS, m@;smodj 2 3. i;r n@yaujsyrK 3 4. f;jeoEreuz lY,uQ,hka 4 5. p;rdrAh i;Hh 5

3. ����� ��������� ���� �������

fuz hg;g wh;ajkakdjQ lreKq my; iZoyka mrsos ix.@yfldg oelajSug yelshdj we;' tkuz

A. �������к �� ����!к ��"#$���� �%�� &'�

1. wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ;udf.a ys;iqj msKsi mej;Su 6 2. wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a m@ixYdjg NdckhjSu 7

B. ��х ��)� ��*+��к �$�,��к- ���.�

1. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj ,nk iekiSu 8 2. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj ,nk iekiSu 9 3. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu 10 4. lu!M, jsmdl we; ke; hk kHdfhka neyerj TzkEu ;;ajhla;,oS ,nk iekiSu 11

1 tu 'ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd .rE;s hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdfkhHd: bfuzOuzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+miF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyrhHd: 2 tu ..fku mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyd;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 3 tu i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfcd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id ..fm…lreKdiy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id….WfmaCIdiy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix MtsFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOd ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmlaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk MrsFjd jsyr;s 4 tu w,q`oafOd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d f,dafNak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d…w|=gzfGd mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fodafik wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d….wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,d fudafyak wkNsN~f;d wmrshdoskakps;af;d..i fLd fid ld,dud wrshidjfld tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfod wiuzuQ<afyd iuzmcdfkd m;siaif;d.. 5 kduslj fkdoelajqj;a wiykh wiykhgfya;`j wiykhg ms<shu yd tu ms<shu ksid iykh WodjSu hk lreKq i;r Tiafia ld,du iQ;@fhys fm<.iajdwe;s idrOrAu uZ.ska lshfjkafka p;`rdrAh i;Hhuh nq|=jok p;`rdrAh i;Hfhka neyer fkdjknejsks' 6 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,du iQ;@h"nq'c'uq'337-343 msgq' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd $l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s $iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s 7 tu jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 8 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiai fNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 9 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |+lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;w;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuiiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 10 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;dkx fLda ux mdmx luzux lf;d |=laLx Mqiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 11 tu ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshH;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s

ld,duiQ;@h;< kdusl jYfhka fkdj wka;rA.;fhys yrh;< p;rdrAh i;HfoaYkdjo .enz fjz'TzkEu nqoaO foaYkdjla p;rdrAh i;Hfhka mrsndysr fkdjk nejz hg jsia;r lrk ,oS'by;ska js.@y flfrkakdjQ lreKq p;rdrAh i;Hfhys,d ukdj ix.@ylr oelajsh yelsh'tkuz

1. /0х� �%� ����1

fuz hg;g ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka ksid yg .kakdjQ wys;lr m@;sM, oelajsh yelsh ksfYaIOkhka kuz ;ud;, yg.efkkakdjQ neyer l< hq; jQ iDKd;aul is;sjs,s yd tlS iDKd;aul is;sjs,s ckkh lrjkakdjQ ixl,amkafjz' fuz ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka ksid |=laLH ialJOfhys yg.ekSu jk nejsks tkuz

A. �������к �� ����!к� /%�� ��"#$��� �0$1 ����23�2

����23�2

1. wkq.uk lrk,o lreKq ;udf.a mrsydksh msKsi bjy,a jSu 3 2. wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a .rANdjg yd ms<sl,g md;@jSu 4

B. �������к �� ����!к ��"#$���� �%�� &'�5

1. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj ,nk |=lajsmdl 6 2. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj ,nk |=lajsmdl 7 3. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk |=lajsmdl 1

1 w. ks. 1";sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' ld,duiQ;@fhys m@;sfYaOkd;aul mCIfhka foaYkdfldg we;s ishZM lreKq fuhg wka;rA.;fjz'|=laLH Ynzofhys odrAYksl wrA:h wiykh fyj;a w;Dma;sh hkakhs'fuz wkqj idudkH jHjydrsl ;;ajhka;,oS |=lafjzokd f,i jHjydrjk ishZMu foa fuhg wka;rA.;jk w;r ta yerekqfldg iudkH jHjydrsl ;;ajhkaa;,oS iemfjzokd f,i yZ|=kajkq ,nkakdjQ ishZMu foao fuhgu wka;rA.kfjz'ta iemhjqjo wiykh yd w;Dma;sh Wodlrjk nejsks'ta wkqj odrAYksl jHjydrfhaoS ishZM jsoSuz |=laLHdrAh i;Hhg wka;rA.;fjz' 2 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`i,djd wl`i,djd;s$wli,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ idjcAcd Nkaf; 3 tu iu;a;d iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s$fkda jd l:x jd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd wys;dh |=laLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;s 4 tu jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d jd ksZ[aZ|+mamiF:d jd;s$jsZ[aZC|+.rys;d Nkaf; 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq'tajfuz;x N.jd tajfuz;x iq.; fida Nkaf; wrsh idjfld tajx wfjzr ps;af;d tajx wnHdmcACOps;af;d tajx wixls,sgzGps;af;d tajx jsiqoaO ps;af;d ;iai osgzfGj Ouzfuz p;a;dfrda wiaidid wOs.;d fydkaa;S;s(Nd.Hj;kajykai ta tfiauh iajduSks ta wdhH! Y@djlhd fufia wffjr is;a we;af;"fufia ks|=la is;a we;af;a"fufia fkdls,sgs is;a we;af;a"fufia iqmsrsis|= is;a we;af;a"fuz wd;aufhysu fuz i;r wiajeiquz i;r ,nk ,oafoa fjz')fuu lreK hymf;ys ksr;jSu;`,ska ,nk fydZo m@;sM, ms<snZojh fu wdldrfhkau |=Yaprs;fhys yeisrSu ksid ,nkakdjQ krl m@;sM, i;rl;a fuhg yd;amiska jsreoaOdldrfhka ,nknj Wml,amkhlr.; hq;`h'ta iZoyd ,efnkakdjQ krl m@:sM, i;r f,i fydZo m@;sM, y;frys ksfYaOdrA:h wOHydrfhka .;hq;h'(ta mqyq|=ka Y@djlhd fufia ffjr is;a we;af;a fufia |=la iys; is;a we;af;a fufia ls,sgs is;a we;af;a fufia wmsrsis|= is;a we;af;a fuz wd;aufhysu fuz i;r wiykhka i;r ,nk,oafoa fjz') 6 tu ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrd f,dfld wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfld Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a.x f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuiai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;d fyd;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHydrfhka .;hq;`h'boska mrf,djla we;akuz fydZo fkdfydZo lu!j, jsmdl we;akuz ta lreKska uu ldhfNaofhka urKska u;` lgql|=la we;s ksrfhys Wmoskafkus hkfuz m<uqfjkss wiykh ,nhs') 7 tu ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrd f,daflda kF:s ialg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda bodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsyrduS;s whuziai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOd rA:h fufia wOHdydrfhka .;hq;`h' (boska mrf,djla ke;akuz fydZo fkdfydZo lu!j, jsmdl ke;akuz uu fuz f,dju ffjrSjQ |=lajQ Wm|@s;jQ fjzokdldrS wd;auhla mrshrKh lrushs hk fuz fojk wiykh ,nhs)

4. lu!M, jsmdl we; ke; hk kHdfhka neyerj TzkEu ;;ajhla;,oS ,nk |=la jsmdl2

2. /0х�� ���3� �%� ����3

2� ඇ4^මට ෙහේQව දැ�ෙව�ෙ� 2�ඛ ස3දය ආ�ය සත;ය මY<. සාමාන; ව;වහාරය අ�ව අ�ද;ාව හා තෘෂණාව යන ෙදක 2� ඇ4^මට ෙහේQෙ=. කාලාම >තෙ�$ fuz hg;g .efkkqfha ksfYaOkd;aul m@ia;;hka f,i by;ska jsia;rfldg we;s lreKqh' tkuz

1. oi jeoEreuz wka;.duS pska;k wOsldrhka 4 2. mia mjq 5 3. f;jeoEreuz wlY, uQ,hka 6

3. /0х ��45� )��. �6�3�%� ����7

fuz hg;g .efkkqfka jevshhq; jQ m@;scdkkSh m@ia;;hkah tkuz

1. jsjD; msrsis|= m@Ndiajr udkisl wjOsNdjh (oijsO jQ wOsldruh pska;kfhka f;drnj)8 2. mxpYS, m@;smodj 9 3. i;r n@yau jsyrK 10 4. f;jeoEreuz lY, uQ<hka 11

1 tu ifpz fLd mk lfrdaf;da lrshah;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux lf;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wos.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHydrfhka .;hq;h(boska mskalrkakdg mskais|=fjzkuz fyj;a jsmdl ,fnzkuz uu ieufokflfrys mjz is;us tfiafyhska mjzluzu lrk ug flfia iekiSula jkafkaoehs hkfuz f;jk wiykh ,nhs) 2 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshah;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s fuys jsreoaOdrA:h fufia wOHdydrfhka .;hq;`h'(boska mskalrkakdg mska fkdis|= fjzkuz fyj;a jsmdl fkd,efnz kuz uu ta fomiskau wmsrsis|=jQ wd;auhla olsus hk fuz isjqjk wiykh ,nhs') 3 tu' |=laL iuqoh hkq wiykh yg.ekSug fya;hs ld,duiQ;@fhys wiykh yg.ekajSug fya;f,i jsia;r jkQfha wOsldruh pska;kh miamjq yd f;joEreuz wl`Y,uQ< hk lreKqh' 4 tu' wkqiaifjzk…mruzmrdh…b;slsrdh…msgl iuzmodfkak….;lalfya;`….khfya;` ….wdldrmrsjs; laflak….osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd…NnznrEm;dh….iufKda fkda .rE;s 5 tu' …mrshdoskakps;af;da mdKuzms nka;s woskakuzms wdosh;s mrodruzms mpzP;s uqidms NK;s mruzms ;:;a;d iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> r;a;x wys;dh |=laLdhd;s 6 tu' ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud$ f,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd ;s$wys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$wys;dh Nkaf; ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud fudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ wys;dh Nkaf; 7 tu' fuhg wh;a jkqfha ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk m@;scdkd;aul lreKqh'tkuz oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrfhka f;drnj"mxpYS, m@;smodj"i;rn@yau jsyrK"lY,uQ<hka ;`k yd p;`rdrAh i;Hhh hk lreKq fjz' 8 tu'' ta: ;`uzfya ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh us b;slsrdh us msgliuzmodfkak ud ;lalfya;` ud khfya; ud wdldr mrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkda .rE;s 9 tu …wmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx i fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdh;s 10 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOd js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;d iy.f;ak fpz;id…fm…lreKdiy.f;ak fpz;id…uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id ….WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix Mrs;ajd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`;a:x b; WoaOufOda ;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcAfCOk trs;ajd jsyr;s 11 tu ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wf,dafNda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ys;dh Nkaf;..;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfodafida mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmamcAcudfkda

5. p;rdrAh i;Hh 1

4. /0х ��45� �%� ����2

iuia; l@shdj,sfhys wjidk m@;sM,h f,i oelafjk lreKq fuhg wka;rA.; fjz tkuz

A. ����!к �� �������к ��"#$���� �%��7�3

1. wkq.ukh lrk,o lrKq ;udf.a ys;iqj msKsi mej;Su4 2. wkq.ukh lrk,o lreKq ksid kqjKe;shkaf.a m@ixYdjg NdckhjSu5

B. ��83��� ��х ��)� ��*��к �$�,��к- ���9�6

1. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj mrf,dj iq.;s.duSnj yd wjik mqkrANj CIh ,enSu7

2. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl ke; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu8 3. mrf,dj lu!M, jsmdl we; hk kHdhg wkqj fuf,dj jYfhka ,nk iekiSu 9 4. lu!M, jsmdl we; ෙහෝ ke; යනා$ වශෙය� සැලෙකන �� අ�තවාද අධානගාO

ෙසේවනෙය� neyerj TzkEu ;Fjhla QළoS ,nk iekiSu 10

fuu lreKq fn#oaO idrOr!u j,g wod<jk wdldrh idlpzPdlsrSu my; is|=flrSwe;' ld,du iQ;@fhys by; oelafjk lreKq iZoykajkafka ixl,am jYfhks'tu ixl,am prAhdjka yd tlajSu uZ.ska prAhd ixialrK l@uYs,am Ndjs;h is|=jS we;'usksia yeisrSuz yd uqiqjSu uZ.ska usksia yeisrSu Wiianjlg m;alrjSu fuu idrOrAuhkaf.a uQ<sl wfmaCIdjhs'

�:;�; �� кш� �<к���� ( Adipose & Clever Conception)

WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ns;dh Nkaf;…;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud wfudafyda mqrsiiai wcACO;a;x WmmcAcudfkda WmamcAc;s ys;dh jd wys;dh jd;s$ 1 tu' wiykh wiykh yg .ekSug fya;j iykh ,enSfuz l@uh yd iykh hk jsOsl@ufhka p;`rdrAh i;Hhh fuz;`< .enzfjz'p;`rdrAh i;Hhh hk kdufhkau fkdoelajqk;a nqoaOjpkh p;rdrAh i;Hfhka neyer fkdjkafkah hk kHdh u; msysgd fufia tanejz i<ld.; yelsh' 2 w' ks' 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiQ;@h"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq' ld,duiQ;@h foaYkd lsrSfuys wjidk mrudrA:h wOHd;ausl yd iudchSh iykh Wodlr.ekSu kuz tlS wjidk ksIaGdj |=laLH ksfrdaOdrAh i;Hhh f,i yeZoskafjz' 3 tu' hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud hod ;`uzfya ld,dud w;a;kdj cdkhahd: bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuz Ouzud wkjcAcd bfuz Ouzud jsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mamjsZ[aZC|+mam iF:d bfuziF:d bfuziF:d bfuziF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyr;sWmiuzmcAc jsyr;sWmiuzmcAc jsyr;sWmiuzmcAc jsyr;s 4 tu'iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; ;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s$fkda jd$l:xj fy;a: fyda;S;s$ iu;a;d Nkaf; iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;siudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fy;a: fyda;S;s 5 tu';x lsx uZ[aZ[: ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ;x lsx uZ[aZ[: ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$l`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$l`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$l`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd ld,dud bfuz Ouzud l`i,djd wli,djd;s$l`i,d Nkaf; idjcAcd jd wkjcAcd jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf;jd;s$ wkjcAcd Nkaf; jsZ[aZC|=mamiF:d jd;s$ jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d Nkaf; 6 tu'ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ifpz fLda mk wF:s mfrda f,daflda wF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda Gdkuyx ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ldhiaifNaod mruzurKd iq.;sx i.a. f,dalx WmamcAcsiaiduS;s whuziai mGfuda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 7 tu'ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:ifpz fLda mk kF:s mfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfmfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfmfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdfmfrda f,daflda kF:s iqlg |=lalgdkx luzudkx M,x jsmdflda vodyx osgzfGj lda vodyx osgzfGj lda vodyx osgzfGj lda vodyx osgzfGj Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s Ouzfuz wfjzrx wnHdmcACOx wkS>x iqLx w;a;dkx mrsydrduS;s whuiai |=;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 8 tu'ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mkdyx liaips mdmdx fpzf;us wlfrdka;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s ux mdmx luzux l`f;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuziai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 9 tu'ifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mkifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdklfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdklfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdklfrdaf;da lrshH;s mdmx k fLda mk mkdyx liaips mdmx fpzf;aus wlfrdka;x fLda a;x fLda a;x fLda a;x fLda mk ux mdmx luzux lf;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mk ux mdmx luzux lf;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mk ux mdmx luzux lf;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s mk ux mdmx luzux lf;da |=laLx Mqisiai;S;s whuiai ;;sfhda wiaidfida wOs.f;da fyda;s 10 tu''ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s ifpz fLda mk lfrdaf;da k lrshahHd;s mdmx bodyx WNfhafkaj jsiqoaOx w;a;dkx iukqmiaiduS;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s whuiai p;`;af:da wiaiffida wOs.f;da fyda;s

nq|=oyfuys usksia prAhdjka weZ.hSfuzoS Ndjs;d flfrk fh|=uzj,ska m@uqLia:dkh mqZ[aZ[ iy lY, ixl,amhkag wh;a fjz'lY, hkafkka oCI yels ldrAhCIu hym;a wdoSwrA: /ila lshefjz'ksrAjdK,dNshd li, iuzmkakfhla yegshg yZ|=kajd we;'ksrAjdKh yd iuznJOjQ .Kdx. 10lska wdrAh mqoa.,fhda hqla;jQy (ofiys(ofiys(ofiys(ofiys Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x Ouzfuzys iukakd.;x mqrsi mq.a.,x mZ[aZ[;af;ak mZ[aZ[;af;ak mZ[aZ[;af;ak mZ[aZ[;af;ak iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'iuzmkak li,x W;a;um;a;s m;a;x iu;x wfhda.Hx )'

li, Ou! mqyqKqlsrSu wkql@ufhka mru iqjodhs ksrAjdKh fj; fhduqjknjg iq;@foaYkdj, iZoykafjz' “b;s fLda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrk“b;s fLda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrk“b;s fLda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrk“b;s fLda wdkkao li,dks iS,dks wjsmamgsidrdrA:dks ixirdks wjsmamgsidfrk mduqcAcmduqcAcmduqcAcmduqcAckfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”kfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”kfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid”kfF:da mduqcAcd;s ixia:dksfhda mduqcAcx mS;F:x mSkd;s ixid” wdoSjYfhka wx.;a;r ksldfha 6fjks ldKavfha 4jk msgqfjz iZoyka fldg we;'

ksrAjdKh ms<snZoj jsjrKh lsrSfuzoS iZoykafldgwe;af;a“rd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLrd.laLfhda fodailaLfhda fhda fhda fhda fudaylaLfhda ksnzndKx”fudaylaLfhda ksnzndKx”fudaylaLfhda ksnzndKx”fudaylaLfhda ksnzndKx”hkqfjks' f,daNdosh ie,flkafka wlY, yegshghs'wf,daNdosh li, yegshg ie,fla' wf,daNiys;j ldhdoS oajdr;@fhka l@shdlsrSu li,ah

“;SksudkS NslaLfjz l`i,uQ,dkS l;udks ;SKS wf,dafNda li,uQ,x“;SksudkS NslaLfjz l`i,uQ,dkS l;udks ;SKS wf,dafNda li,uQ,x“;SksudkS NslaLfjz l`i,uQ,dkS l;udks ;SKS wf,dafNda li,uQ,x“;SksudkS NslaLfjz l`i,uQ,dkS l;udks ;SKS wf,dafNda li,uQ,x wfodafida l`i, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida l`i, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida l`i, uQ,x wfudafyda wfodafida l`i, uQ,x wfudafyda l`i, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wfl`i, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wfl`i, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wfl`i, uQ,x hoh NslaLfjz wf,dafNda ;oms li,dkx ho;s w,qo,dafNda ;oms li,dkx ho;s w,qo,dafNda ;oms li,dkx ho;s w,qo,dafNda ;oms li,dkx ho;s w,qoaa aafOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNsfOda f,dafNk wkNs N~f;da N~f;da N~f;da N~f;da wmrshdhskak pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd wmrshdhskak pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd wmrshdhskak pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd wmrshdhskak pskaf;da kmriai wi;d |=laLx WmidkdysjfoFjd nfJOkjd cdkshdksjd .rydh jd mnzncdfkda n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms li,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN mnzncdfkda n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms li,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN mnzncdfkda n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms li,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN mnzncdfkda n,jeus ckfJ:da b;sms ;oms li,d bJ:sF:dfuz wf,daNcd;s wf,daNksodkd;s wf,daN iuqohd wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla liuqohd wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla liuqohd wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla liuqohd wf,daN mpzphd wfkafla l`i, Ouzud iuzNjx”`i, Ouzud iuzNjx”`i, Ouzud iuzNjx”`i, Ouzud iuzNjx”

fuz mdGh foin,kjsg iodpdrd;aul jgskdlula we;s jsfYaI wrA:hla li, hk wrA:fhka nq|=iufhka bosrsm;alrknj meyeos,sfjz'fndfyda jsoaj;ayq li, yd mqKHhk jpkfol iudkdrA: we;sfia i,l;s'uq,anq|= iufhys li,hk jpkh Ndjs;dlr we;swkaou jsuiQjsg fmkShkafka mqZ[aZ[ hk jpkhg jvdjsfYaIjQ iodpdrd;aul jgskdlula li,hk jpkfhys wka;rA.;jk njhs'

mqZ[Za[ hkafkys jsreoaOdJ:!j;amoh mdm fyda wmqZ[aZ[ hkakhs'mqZ[aZ[ fyj;a msk wkd.; cSjs;h iemj;a lr .ekSug WmldrSfjz' ixhq;a; ksldfhaoS mqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dksmqZ[aZ[dks f,daliausxf,daliausxf,daliausxf,daliausx m;sgzGdk m;sgzGdk m;sgzGdk m;sgzGdk krmqZ[aZ[x”krmqZ[aZ[x”krmqZ[aZ[x”krmqZ[aZ[x” hkafkka tanj ikd: fldgwe;' uydud.!;ekSu ,sxfmdlKq ;ekSu .iaisgqjSu jeks iudciqN idOkhg bjy,ajkfoh is|=lsrSfukao msxjO!kh lrf.k osjHiuzm;a jsJoyelsnj oelafjz'ixhq;a; ksldfha i.d:lj.a.fha “wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;ldrdufha wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;ldrdufha wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;ldrdufha wdrdufrdamd jkfrdamd fi;ldrdufha ckx”ckx”ckx”ckx”wdoSjYfhka tanj iZoykafldg we;'

mqoa.,hdjsiska fuf,djoSlrk,omsxmjqj,g wkqj mrf,dj cSjs;h iliajknj “h:dluzux “h:dluzux “h:dluzux “h:dluzux .usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks.usiaika;s mqZ[aZ[mdm mrEm;d ksrhx mdmluzux wmqZ[aZ[ldudks iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”iq.a.;S”jeks foaYkdjkaf.ka fmkajdoS we;' uq,anq|=oy fuys msk lrAuh yd mqkrANjhg iuznJOfjz msxj,ska idudkHfhka ,Z.dlr.;yelafla wdOHd;ausljQ Yla;shg jvd bZ|=rka mskjSula mj;sk iemhls li,a oshqKqlsrSfuka ,efnkafka wdOHd;ausl iqjhls.fuz ksid mru ksrAjdKiqjh fj;fhduqlrjkq ,nkafka li,l@shdhs'

mdm yd wli,l@shdjka iudkdF:!fhka iZoykajqj;a mqZ[aZ[ yd li, tfia iZoyka fkdjknj uydpdrAh mS nS fmauisrs iZoyka lrhs'iq;a;ksmd;fha 431fjks .d:dfjz' nq|=rcdKkajykafia jodf,a ;udf.a b;diqZM fyda msklska m@;sM,hla wJ:!hla ke;snjhs “wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wkqufF:k mqZ[afZ[k wfF:dyx f;jscAc;s”wfF:dyx f;jscAc;s”wfF:dyx f;jscAc;s”wfF:dyx f;jscAc;s”hkqfjks'

ry;kajykafia,d “mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[ fyda wmqZ[aZ[ fyda lsis|= ixialdrhla /ia fkdlr;s'“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda“wmskqfLda LSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjd LSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjd LSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjd LSKdifjda NslaLfjda NslaLfjda mqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrys jd wNsixLfrhH wmqZ[aZ[dNs ixLdfrysjd wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d”wNsixLfrhH wfkhHdNs ixLfrysjd wNsixLfrhH fkda fya;`x Nkaf;d” hkqfjka ixhq;a; ksldfha iZoykalr we;'

ksrAjdk m@;s,dNfhys“mqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiaimqZ[aZ[mdm mySkiai”kuq;a li,hka m@ySKlrk njla iZoykafkdfjz'fuz fya;j ksidu li, yd mqZ[aZ[ iudkdF:! we;sfia fmkqk;a tfia ie,lSu OrAudkQl~, fkdjknj oelajsh yelsh'

fldfid,a rc;udg wdkJoysushka m@ldYlf<a nq|=rcdKkajykafia ishZM wlY, OrAu m@ySkfldg li, Ou!j,ska hq;j fjfik njhs'“inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da “inznd li, Ouzud mySkf;da uydrdc ;:d.f;da

l`i, Ouzud l`i, Ouzud l`i, Ouzud l`i, Ouzud iukiukiukiukajd.f;da;s”ajd.f;da;s”ajd.f;da;s”ajd.f;da;s” fuz iZoykg wkqj li, yd mqZ[aZ[ iudkfia .;fkdyelsnj meyeos,sfjz' ry;kajykafia,d mqZ[aZ[ yd mdm m@ySk ksid wli, m@ySkfldg we;sw;r li,fhka hqla;hs' nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsjsO wli,Ou! Ou! m@ySk fldg jsjsO li,Ou! jO!khlruska jevisgshy' “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlif,a “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlif,a “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlif,a “f;kqfLda mk iufhak N.jd idjF:shx jsyr;ss w;aF:f;da wfkafla mdmfla wlif,a Ouzfuz mySfka mpzpfjlaLudfkda ksiskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”Ouzfuz mySfka mpzpfjlaLudfkda ksiskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”Ouzfuz mySfka mpzpfjlaLudfkda ksiskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”Ouzfuz mySfka mpzpfjlaLudfkda ksiskafkda fyda;s wflafla: li,Ouzfuz: Ndjkdh mdrsxrSfyda;s'”

fuz wkqj li,Ou! jO!khl< hq;fjz ta iem msKsio fya;fjz li,hk jpkh b;d mqZM,a wrA:hlska nq|=iu fhys wdpdrd;aul ixorANh;< Ndjs;djS we;snj fuhska fmfka'wdrAh mqoa.,fhda wdpdrd;aul l@shdjkaf.ka tf;rjQ msrsilaf,i Wml,amkhlsrSu ksjeros fkdfjz'“mqZ[a“mqZ[a“mqZ[a“mqZ[aZ[”Z[”Z[”Z[”hk wdpdrd;aul jpkfhys iifrys fjfik wkHmqoa.,hkaf.a hym;a l@shdjka oelafjk w;r li, hk wdpdrd;aul jpkfhka mskamjq m@ySkl< wdrAh mqoa.,hdf.a prs; iajNdjh ksrEmkhfjz'nq|=rcdKka jykafia we;ZM laISKdY@jhkajykafia,d ;u cSjs;h nyqck ys;iqjmsKsi lem l<y'

li,iuzmkakj cSj;ajQy i;HdjfndaOh ,enQmqoa.,hd mskamjq folu m@ySKl< ;eke;af;lehs hkwoyi ia:srju iZoykalr we;swjia:d lSmhlau md,s .@J:hkays olakg ,efnz'“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm“mqZ[aZ[ mdm mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud”mySkiai kF:s cd.rf;da Nhx Ouzuxjd myd;nznd mf.ajd Ouzud” jeksfh|=uz ksid jsoaj;ayq nq|=oyfuz mru wjYH;djh jkqfha fydZo iy krl m@ySKlsrSuhehs lshfjz'tfy;a fuzu;h fndfydafofklka fkduZ.hdug fya;jshyelshs fndfyda W.;kajsiska“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”iy“mdm”“mdm”“mdm”“mdm”hkjpkfol bx.@Sis NdIdjg fmr,dwe;af;a lsisu yeZoskajSulska f;drj “fydZo”iy“krl”(Good & Bad)hkqfjka nj fma@uisrs uy;d lshhs'

fuz mqZ[aZ[ yd mdmhkjpkfol m@d.afn#oaO wd.usliuzm@odhkajsiskao Ndjs;dl, jpkhs'“mqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[xmqZ[aZ[x mqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmakmqZ[afZ[ak lrAfuz;d Nj;s mdm% mdfmak”jeks WmksIoaNdjs;;<ska tanj ikd:fjz'tfy;a nq|=iuh;< uSgjvd fjkia mqZM,awF:!hlska fuzjpk fhfoknj uydpdrAh fm@auisrs fmkajdfohs'“mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”mqZ[aZ[”hk moh md,s Ou!.@J: iuzm@odfha idudkHfhka fhoS we;af;a .DycSjs;fha iqLh w;afkdyefrk mqoa.,hdf.a wkd.; mej;kq;;ajh jvd hym;alr.ekSug wfmaCIdlrkafkalgu Wmldrjkakla yegshghs'

lu!h yd ixidrh ms<snZoj fn#oaO u;hkaf.a ixorANfhys,d yer mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[mqZ[aZ[ hk mdm mdm mdm mdm mohkaf.a wrA:h f;areuz.; yelsfkdfjz' nq|=oyug wh;a we.hquzYS,sNdIdfjz fhfok jpkhla f,i mqZ[aZ[ hk mofhys Ndjs;hmerKs;u n@dyauK jHjydrhka Wreulr.kakd kuq;a n@dyauKsl .@J:hkaf.ka “mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”“mqZ[aZ[”hkmofhys m@Z[aZ[ma;sh” ms<snZo u;h nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a u;hg jvd meyeos,sju fjkiafjz'

nq|=oyfuys mqZ[aZ[ l@shdjka i,ld ;sfnkafka mqoa.,hdf.a u;Njh ke;skuz cSjs;h iemj;a lsrSug keUqrejla we;s lreKqfldgila jYfhks' msk mqoa.,fhlg iq.;s.duSjSug Wmldrjk w;r mdmh Tyqf.a ixidr pl@h mrsydksh lrdmuqKqjhs mska /ialr.;a mqoa.,hd iq.;shg m;ajknj;a mjq/ialrk mqoa.,hd |=.;s.duSjk nj;a jsYajdi flrA'

“inzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;sinzfnz i;a;d ursiaika;s”wdoSjYfhka iZoyka flfrk .d:dfjys ksrhxksrhxksrhxksrhx mdmluzux;dmdmluzux;dmdmluzux;dmdmluzux;d mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”mqZ[aZ[luzudks iq.a.;s”hkafkka tanj iZoykafldg we;' ld,du iQ;@hkays tk li, yd wli,mohka msrslaiSfuzoS fmkS hkafka wF:!h tumo“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[“mqZ[aZ[”yd“mdmmdmmdmmdm mohkaf.ka”fjkiajk njhs'nq|=oyfuys iZoyka mru wOHd;ausl ksIaGdj lrd f.khk l@shd weZ.hSfuys,d li,hk moh jsfYaIfhka Ndjs;dlrk nj fmkShhs'

nq|=oyfuz mru ksYaGdj YdlaId;alsrSu iZoyd Wmia:uzNljk prAhduh ,CIKyd udkisl m@;Hhka jsoyd olajk wx.;a;r ksldfha fhdodwe;s we.hquzYS,sNdIdfjz mqZ[aZ[hk moh fkdfhdod li,hkmoh fhdod ;snsK'mruksIaGdj YdlaId;alsrSuhkq iodpdrd;aul jsfYaI;d iauD;sh yd Z{dKhiuZ. neZoSmj;Shk jsYajdihksid nq|=oyfuys mru wdOHd;ausl ksIaGdj yd iodpdrh w;rwe;s iuznJO;djh iuyrjsg flfklg fkdfmkS hkakg bvwe;' kuq;a i;HdjfndaOh hkq iodpdrd;aul ldrAhhka flfrys WodiSk jSula fkdfjz'

fn#oaO b.ekajSug wkqj mqoa.,fhlg Wmrsu fufyhla is|=l<yelafla i;HjfndaOfhka wk;rejhs' i;Hd jfndaOh l<yelafla imqrd iodpdr iuzmkakjQ jsgh'tfyhska tnZ|= mqoa.,hd iodpdrjsfrdaOS fyda whym;a hehs yeZoskajshyels udkislle<USuka uqZMukskau uevmj;ajk

,oafolafjhs'Tyq jscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakjscAcdprK iuzmkakhs. ksj!dK YdlaId;alrKh hkq mqoa., prs;iajNdjh mQrAK mrsjrA;khla we;slsrSuh'fuhska woyialrkafka wmjs;@ prs; ,CIK m@ySKlsrSu;a mjs;@ prs; ,CIK jO!kh lr.ekSu;ah'

kmqrg fm<fUkiqZM keUqrejlskahq;a mqoa.,fhl wdhdihlska f;drj iodpdrd;aul lghq; lsrSfuz yelshdj we;s mqoa.,fhl njg m;alsrSug fuu prs; mrsj;!kh fya;fjz'ksj!dKh YdlaId;al<o Tyq j.d lr.;a .Koyuz w;afkdyrS'i;sh fyj;a t<Uisgs isyskqjK ffu;@sh yd m@Z{dj tnZ|= li,Ou! fj;s.fuu li,;djka tu mqoa.,hdf.a prs;fha fldgilanjgo m;afjz'ksjk hkqfjka fn#oaOiuzm@odfhys woyiafldg we;af;a yqfola f;fuz ;ukaj muKla |=lska ksoyialr .ekSu nZ|= wdldrfhka jQ fm#reI mrsjrA;khla fkdfjz'

tnZ|= fm#reI mrsj;!khlg m;amqoa.,hd fiiqwhg |=llawe;s fkdlrhs' lula ksido fuu mqoa.,hd ;u;<jQ |=Yaprs; iajNdjh uevmj;ajd we;s nejsks'nq|=oyu fmkajdfokwkaoug ukqIH j.!hdg jsYd, fiajhla jshyelafla |=Yaprs;hkaf.ka us|=kq funZ|= mqoa.,hkaf.ks'fuu wjia:dfjzoS m@:uOu!|+;msrsi wu;d nq|=rcdKkajykafia l< wkqYdikdj isysm;a lsrSu jeo.;ah'

3� �:;�; ��� (Ten Adipose Action)

odk"iS,"Ndjkd hk;@sjsO mqKHl@shdjkaf.a jO!k wjia:djla yegshg ie,lsh yelsh' tanj iqux., js,diskS oS> ksldh wgqjdfjz ix.S;siq;a; jKaKkdj mrSCIdlsrSfuka f;areuz .; yelsh'fuysoS oi mqKHl@shd jsuiSug fmrd;j mqKHl@shdhkq lulaoehs flgsfhka jsuid ne,sh hq;h's isf;ys fiduzki we;slrjk l@shd mqKHl@shd yegshg yeZoskajsh yelsh'“ps;a;x ps;a;x ps;a;x ps;a;x mqkdyS;s mqKaKxmqkdyS;s mqKaKxmqkdyS;s mqKaKxmqkdyS;s mqKaKx”hk js.@yfhka thfmfka'‘msk’mqoa.,hd jsiska kej; kej; l,hq;nj iZoyka fjz hkqfjka Ouzumofha iZoykafldg we;'

tmuKlafkdj mska /ialsrSu iem;g fya;jknj“iqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai WpzpfhdaiqfLda mqZ[aZ[iai Wpzpfhda”hkafkka oelafjz'mskhkq iemhg lshk ;j;a mhH!dh jpkhlanjo“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l;“mqZ[aZ[x;s iqLiafia;x fmpzpkJo;s l; mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s”mqZ[afZ[da WNhF: kJo;s” hkafkka iZoykafldgwe;'msk jyd ;udg jsmdl,Z.dlr fkdfokafka hehs l,amkdlrk nejsks'mskafkdlr isgSu wkqjKlulanj;a"j;r nsx|=fjkaa nsx|=j tl;jS l,hla msrSb;srS hkakdfia gslskagsl mskalrkjsg tajd tl;jS jsYd,jYfhka jsmdl ,Z.dlr foknjo iZoykafjz'“ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ud mufF:: mqZ[aZ[iai ;uF:x wd.iai;s”;uF:x wd.iai;s”;uF:x wd.iai;s”;uF:x wd.iai;s” (Ouzumoh)'

fuz ishZMu jsia;rhkaf.ka ikd:jkafka iemjsmdl ,Z.dlr.ekSuiZoyd mska/ialr.ekSu wjYH njhs' tfia l<hq; mskaluzms<snZoj fn#oaO idys;Hfha iZoykafjz'fmf<ys m@OdkjYfhka ;@sjsO mqKHl@shdju oelafjz'“;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q iS,uhx “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q iS,uhx “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q iS,uhx “;Sks mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qks odkuhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q iS,uhx mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qmqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qmqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qmqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q Ndjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:qNdjkduh mqZ[aZ[lsrshjF:q”hkqfjka oS>ksldfha ix.S;siQ;@ jKaKkdfjz oelafjz' ix.S;siQ;@ wgqjdfjz fuhg ;j;a lreKq y;la tlafldg mqZ[aZ[ lsrshjF:q 10lanjg m;afldg we;' uskafmfkkafka fmf<ys flgsfhka jsia;r lrKlreKq wgqjdj,oS jsia;drs;lrk,o njhs'

“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd“odkx iS,xp Ndjkd m;a;s m;a;dkqfudaokd fjhHdjpzpdhx mpdhka;s foaikd iq;s iq;s iq;s iq;s osgzGscqosgzGscqosgzGscqosgzGscq”iudc ixorANh ;< oimqKHl@shdjkaf.ka iodpdr yd සාරධ�ම wxYfhka ljrfufyhla bgqfjzoehshkak jsuidne,shhq;h.nq|= iuh;< ljrlajqj l@shdjg keZ.SfuzoS ta;<ska mqoa., ika;dkh mjs;@lrKhg fya;jkwdldrfhka tajdl@shd;aul jshhq;nj m@lghs'WNhdrA: ixjO!kh bka wfmaCIs;hs'fuz tla tla mqKHlu!hla ms<snZo ixCIsma; jsia;rhla is|=lsrSu wjYHhs'

ld,du iQ;@h uZ.ska b;du;a mqZM,a miq;,hla;,oS oi mqKHl@shd js.@yflfrA'tu kuska fkdoelajqjo oi mqKHl@shdjkag wvx. ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl l@shdldrluz iuQyh ld,du iQ;@h;, .enzfjz'1

3� ( Giving up )

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdhiqLdhiqLdhiqLdh ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda ixj;a;ka;s$ fkdaj$l:xjd fyF: fyda;S;s$iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;s tajx fkda fyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;sfyF: fyda;S;s

mQcdjYfhka fyda wkq.@yjYfhka ;udi;jia;jla mryg mrs;Hd.lsrSu odkhhs' fokjia;jg;a oSug;a hkfolgu odkhhehs lsh;s'“wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha “wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha “wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha “wF:fkda ixL;x mrs;a;ck iufha WmamcAc;sl ps;a;x cd;xWmamcAc;sl ps;a;x cd;xWmamcAc;sl ps;a;x cd;xWmamcAc;sl ps;a;x cd;x kdu”kdu”kdu”kdu”hkqfjka wgqjdpdrSkajykafia fuz js.@yh bosrsm;afldgwe;'li,hlayegshg ie,lSfuzoS odkuhli,hjkafka fok jia;j fkdj oSuhs oSu lrkakdjQ fpz;kdjhs';Hd.oCIsKd hZ{hk jpkhkaf.kao odkh woyia flfrA'

WmfNda. mrsfNda. jia; oekqu Y@uh jeks Yla;Skajqjo wkqkaf.a m@fhdackh iZoyd lemlsrSu odkh yegshg ie,fla' wkawhg oyuzoekqu ,ndoSu fY@aIaG;u odkh yegshg “inzn odkx Ouzu “inzn odkx Ouzu “inzn odkx Ouzu “inzn odkx Ouzu odkxodkxodkxodkx cskd;s”cskd;s”cskd;s”cskd;s” hkafkka iZoykafldg we;'tfia iZoyka lrkafka iodpdr සාරධ�ම jsuqla;sh wdoS iEuwxYhlskau th jeo.;a jk ksidh'

fn#oaO iudcfhys odkh jsfYaI iduhsl mQcduh jeo.;alula w;alrf.k ;sfnk w;r we;euz wjia:dj, mgqw:!fhka .syshkajsiska NsCIQkajsIfhys msrskuk mrs;Hd. f,io i,lkq,efnz' iduzm@od hsl jYfhka tnZ|= mrs;Hd.hka uy;a mqKHldrlhka njo iZoykafjz'olaLsK jsNx. jeks iQ;@j,g wkqj mqoa.,hdf.a wdOHd;aus l YdlaId;alrKfha WiiaNdjh wkqj msko jevsfjz'

flfiajqjo nq|=oyfuys iodpdrd;aul jYfhka fnfyjska jeo.;ajk odkh ms<snZo ixl,amh jvd mqZM,a wrA:hlska hq; idOq Ou!hla iZoyd fhfokakls'.scqnj uiqre nj wd;audrA:h oafjzIh yd furudf.a hym; yd hymeje;au flfrys we;s |=rAuqLnj jeks whym;a prs;,CIK mylsrSuiZoyd we;sfydZou ms<shula yegshg odkh ie,fla' iudc ixorANh;< ffu;@SyeZ.Su m@dfhda.slhYfhka mqoa.,hd;< l@shd;aul fjzkuz Tyqg;a Tyqf.ka iudchg;a w;s Wodr fiajhla is|=fjz'wd;aud:!mrd:! idOkfhys fhfokakd;< wksjdrAhfhkau jO!kh lr.;hq; Wodr is;js,a,ls odk is;js,a,' thska f;drj hym;a foaj,a is|=lsrSu |=Ialrhs'

ld,duiQ;@h;< js.@yjk i;kauerSfuka je<lSujQ l,S wNhodkhhs'1tkuz cSjs; odkhhs'fuzmskalu Ou!odk hg muKla fofjksjkakdjQ Wiia.Kfha mskalulaf,i nq|=iufha jsia;rflfrA'uqZMuy;a f,daliFjhd jsIfhys wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuzzzzzzzzzz we;swhs;sh Tjqkafj; m@odkhlrkakdjQ nejska ishZM odkhka w;r w.@.Kfha odkhls'tfukau fidrluz fkdlsrSu uZ.ska woyiajkaka wkqkai; Tjqkaf.a foafmd< Tjqkafj; m@odkh lsrSuhs.2

fuz uZ.ska ;udi; fkdjkfoa flfrys we;sjk ;DIaKdj ukqIHFjh fmrgqfldgf.k w;ayerSu uZ.ska odk fpz;kdj l@shdjg kefZ.a'mrodr weiqrska fjkajSu3 uZ.ska woyiaflfrkqfha us:Hd yd idjoHl@u Ndjs;hg .ekSu;,ska ldudiajdoh ,enSu iudcmoaO;shla;< fjfik wfkl;a idudcsl hkaf.a osjsfmfj;g ndOdldrS jknj ;ukajsiskau i<ld";ukaf.a ldudYdj uq|=kam;alr.ekSu msKsi Tjqkaj fhdojd.ekSfuz ysrsyerfhka Tjqkaj uqojd ksrrAnqoj jdihlsrSu Tjqkafj; m@odkh lrknjhs'4uqidjdofhka je<lSu;,ska wF:!j;a jkafka wkqkai; i;Hh oek.ekSfuz we;swhs;sh Tjqkafj; m@odkh lrknjhs'5

by; iZoyka lreKq i;frys hful jsiska huz wfhl W;aiyj;a flfrAo fmd<Ujkq,efnzo ta W;aidyh jkdyS wkqkaf.a idudcsl whs;sh" wkqkaf.a idudcslksoyi ms<s.ekSu iZoyd flfrkakdjQ W;aidyhla f,i ie,fla'6fuysoS fm<Ufjkakd;a" fmd<Ujkq ,nkakd;a hkfofokdu fulS W;aidyfha iufldgialrejka nejska Tjqkajsiska iudchfj; olajkakdjQ ffu;@sh"lreKdj"uqos;dj yd WfmaCIdj fuz;,ska jsoHudkfjz'7i;rn@yu jsyrKh mdollr

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq fkjfkjfkjfkj mdKx yka;smdKx yka;smdKx yka;smdKx yka;s 2 tu k woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;sk woskakdodkx wdosh;s 3 tu k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 4 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj 5 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 6 tu mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda; oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 7777 tu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQtu I fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<<<<afyda iuzmcdfkda afyda iuzmcdfkda afyda iuzmcdfkda afyda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;idlreKd iy.f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy.f;ak fpz;id----WfmaCId iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda WfmaCId iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda WfmaCId iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda WfmaCId iy.f;ak fpz;id talx osix TrsF;d jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;`F:sx b;s WoaOufOda

.ksuska mxpYS, m@;smodj;,ska iudcixia:dj fj; miajeoEreuz odkhka m@odkhlrk nj by; olajk,o lreKq Tiafia wmg huz ks.ukhlg t<eUshyel'

fulS m@odkhkaf.a jgskdlu ;j;ajevsjkafka fuzjd |@jHd;aul m@odkhkag jvd .Kd;aul m@odkhka lrd t<efUknejsks'is; ishquz jkakg jkakg jvjvd;a by< .Kd;aul foa .@yKh lr.ekSug thg yelshdj ,efnz'odkfhys .Kd;aul mCI ms<snZoj jvd ;rAldkajs; fukaau jspdr mQrAjl wdl,amhla fy,Sug yelshdj ,efnkafka jsjD;ukilska l@shdlrkakdjQ l,aysh'tfukau nqoaOsuh jYfhka Wiia;Fjhlgukiilialr.;a miqjh'fuf,i udkislieleiau ilialr .ekSug;a"jsjD; ukilska lghq;lsrSug;a ,efnkwdldrfha b.ekajSula ld,duiQ;@fhys wvx.fjz'1

���� (Virtue)

wdrAhud.!fha iuzudjdpd iuzudluzuka; iuzudwdcSj hk wx. ;fkka hqla;jSu iS,hhs' fjk;a jsosylska lshkjdkuz p;rAjsO jd.a|=Yaprs;fhkq;a ;@sjsO ldh|=Yaprs;fhkq;a fjkaj hym;a cSjk meje;aulska hqla;jSu iS,hhs' iudcfha yeoshdjlska hqla; mqrjeisfhlafia l@shd lsrSfuz ,CIKh iS,hhs' iuia: fn#oaO wOHd;ausl mqyqKqj usksidf.a iodpdr iajNdjh mrsjrA;kh lsrSu iZoyd .kakd W;aidyhla jYfhka .;fyd;a iS,h fulS iajhx mrsjrA;kfha ijsZ[aZ[dKl yd iuzm@cdkk l@shdj,sfhys iudruzNh yegshg ie,lsh yelsfjz'

;@sjsO YsCIdfjys iS,hg ysus ia:dkh yereKqfldg ta nq|=oyuska ksrAosIaG wfkl;a wdOHd;ausl .Kiuqodh w;fryso m@uqLia:dkh ysuslr.kS' ima;jsYoaOsh w;r uq,a;ek iS,hg ,efnz' oi mdrus;d oirdc Ou! ;@sjsO mqKHl@shd wdoS;kays fojeks ;ek iS,h ysusjS we;' iS,h jevSu fyj;a /lSu hkq wmf.a prs;iajNdjhka jsmq,f,i oDV mrsj;!khla lrd fhduqlrjkq,nk wdldrfhka prAhdrgdjka fjkia lsrSug h;akoerSuh'

md,s iQ;@dka;hkays iS,h hkak mqoa.,fhlf.a wdOHd;ausl ;Fjhkag yd ksIaGdjkag iuznJOj jsia;rd;a ulf,i fjkfjku oelafjz' fn#oaOiudch mqZM,ajYfhka wxY follg fnokq,efnz'tkuz .sys yd mejsos hkqfjks'fuz fnoSu jsuqla;sh fijSfuzoS olajk lemjSfuz iajNdjh u;rZodmj;S'iS,h සාරධ�මhla jYfhka ie,lSfuzoS mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; mdrsYoaOsh /l.ekSug bjy,ajk m@;sm;a;sud,djla fia yeZoskajsh yels “inzn mdKN~;d ys;dkqluzms“inzn mdKN~;d ys;dkqluzms“inzn mdKN~;d ys;dkqluzms“inzn mdKN~;d ys;dkqluzms” hkafkka oelafjk wkaoug ishZMu m@dKSkajsIfhys ys;j;anjla wkqluzmdjla olajuska l@shdlsrSug wjYHlrk ldh jpS ufkda hk oajdr;@fhka hym;aiajNdjh fuz uZ.ska iuzmQrAK lrhs'

wd.uz cd;s fNaohkaf.ka f;drj YsIaGiuzmkak iudchl l@shd;aul jshhq; සාරධ�ම rdYshla fuhska bosrsm;alrhs ta ksid YS,h සාරධ�මhla yegshg w;sjsYsIaG ia:dkhla .kakdnj lshhq;h'th iudc සාරධ�මhla f,i muKla fkdj jsfgl iudc m@;sudkhla f,io fmkS isgshs'mxpYS, YsCIfjka wrA:j;a jkafka uQ,sl udkj whs;sjdisluz f,i ie<fla'udkj ysusluz ms<snZo jsYaj m@ldYkfhyso wka;rA.; jkafka fuu iudc m@;sudk moaO;shu jk nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fha mxpYS,YsCIdj oelafjz'i;ka fkduerSu"fidrluz fkdlsrSu"mrodr fiajkfhka je<lSu2" fndre fkdlSu yd by; oelafjk lreKq i;frys wkHhka fhojSu jYfhks'fuysoS idudkH mxpYS, YsCId fjka uola fjkiaj oelafjkafka miafjks YsCIdmoh nejz fmfk;;a jvdjsuis,su;aj ne,qjfyd;a u;ajk |@jhhka .ekSfuka je<lSu hk YsCIdmofhysu wrA:h ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk mxpYS,m@;smodfjz miajk YsCIdmohf,i oelafjk by; wfkl;a YsCIdmohka wdrCIdlsrSu msKsi wkHhka fm<UjSu hk ldrKfhys .enzjk njfmfka'

;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id j;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id j;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id j;srshx inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLd iy.f;ak fpz;id jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak smqf,ak uy.a.f;ak smqf,ak uy.a.f;ak smqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s wmamudfKak wfjzfrAk wnHdmcACOk trsFjd jsyr;s 1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuzOuzud bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuzOuzud bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuzOuzud bfuz Ouzud l`i,d bfuzOuzud wkjcACd bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: wkjcACd bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: wkjcACd bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: wkjcACd bfuzOuzud jsZ[aZC|+mamiF:d bfuz Ouzud iu;a;d iudoskakd ys;dh iqLdh ixj;a;ka;S;s w: ;`uzf;`uzf;`uzf;`uzfya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;xya ld,dud WmiuzmcAc jsyfrhHd:d;s b;s hx ;x jq;a;x bofuz;x mgspzp jq;a;x 2 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d fikr;a nKavdr osidkdhl oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj

u;ajk|@jHhka .ekSfuka je<lSu hkq hym;a udkisl ;;ajhlska hq;j miqjSuhs'hym;a ukila we;a;djQ mqoa.,hd ksrdhdifhkau hymf;ys ksr;jk"wkHhkao hymf;ys fhdojkakdjQ flfkls' fuzksid jHxckdrA: fhka fjkiajqj;a woyiska tlunejz fuhska fmfka'

ld,duiQ;@fhys mxpYS, m@;smodj jsia;rjkafka uola bosrshg .shdjQ iajNdjhlsks'tkuz mxpYS, m@;smodj /lSuiZoyd flfkl fhduqjSfuz ufkdajsoHd;aul mokuo ld,duiQ;@fha js.@yfjz'tkuz flfkl wf,daNh" woafjzIh yd wfudayh hk udkisl OrAu mokuzlrf.k mxpYS,m@;smodj wdrCId lsrSu iZoyd fhduqjknj olajd ;sfnz'fuzksid ld,duiQ;@hjkdyS iS,YsCIdfjz ufkdajsoHd;aulmiqnsuo fy,slrk jeo.;a iQ;@foaYkdjla nj fmkajdosh yel'

*��� (Meditation)

iir|=lska usoSug wjYHlrk wdOHd;auslYla;sh oshqKqlsrSu Ndjkdkus'“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s“Ndfj;s l`i,Ouzfuzysl`i,Ouzfuzysl`i,Ouzfuzysl`i,Ouzfuzys wdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkdwdfiaj;S;s Ndjkd”hk jdlH js.@yfhka oelafjkafkao thhs' ps;af;ald.@;djhlskahqla;j iFjhd yd f,dalhms<snZoj h:rA:h lulaoehs m@Z{dfjka jsksjso oelSu jsmiaikd Ndjkdfjka is|=flfrA'fuh mska lsrshj;a w;rska iZoyka l<;a m@Odku li,h yegshgo jgyd.; hq;fjz.

iu: jsorAYkd hkqfjka fomrsosfldg olajk Ndjkdj jsuqla;sh mdolfldg mj;S'tlajrgu ;o hlv hla jeks jia;jla kejSug W;aiy.kakjdg jvd gslska gsl huz huz l@u Ndjs;dlruska th kjd.ekSu jeo.;ah' tfiau jsisrS mj;akdjQ is; tlZ.lrf.k ldupzPJodoS jsjsOwruqKqlrd .uka .kakdjQ is; tajdhska uqojdf.k li,a iy.; wruqKq Tiafia tald.@;djhlg f.ktau iu:fhka is|=flfrA'

“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”“kSjrKdks iufh;S;s iuf:da”hkqfjka iZoyka lrkafka thhs'Ndjkdj jsuqla;s YdlaId;a lrKhg m@uqL;djh oS;snqK;a"ffoksl cSjs;hgo fuhska ,oyels m@fhdack rdYshls' mqoa.,hdg w;S;fha fyda wkd.;fha fyda fkdj jrA;udkfha cSj;ajSug fuhska uZ.fmkajhs' fuhska woyia lrkafka huz l@shdjla lrkjsg ta l@shdj Tiafia isysh msysgqjdf.k l@shdlsrSfuz mqyqKqj fuhska ,nd fok njhs'jsfYaIfhka i;s mgzGdk iQ;@h fuz wxYfhka b;d jeo.;afjz'tysoS u,uq;@ mylsrSu we;ZMj ish,qu ls@hdjkaysoS i;s iuzmcZ[aZ[ fhka hqla;j isysl,amkdfjka l@shdlsrSfuz jeo.;alu wjOdrKh fldg we;'iudc ixorANh;< idr Ou!hla yegshg Ndjkdj m@dfhda.SFjhg m;alsrSu;,ska mqoa.,hd g;a iudchg;a jsmq,M, ,nd.;yelsfjz'

ld,duiQ;@fhys jsia;rjk mxpiS,YsCIdfjka miq fhduqjkqfha tu iS,YsCIdjgmiqnsuzjQ ufkda jsoHd;aul miqnsufoig nejz l<ska iZoyka lf<us'fuu ufkdajsoHd;aul miqnsu uqZMukskaumdfya wh;a jkqfha m@Z{d YsCIdjghs'tkuz Ndjkd fldgighs'

fuysoS mqoa.,fhl;< we;sjkakdjQ f,daNh"oafjzIh yd fudayh1 hk |+Is;udkislFjh fya; fldgf.k mqoa.,hd we;,;skau wmsrsis|= flfklnjg m;ajk wdldrh;a"we;,; wmsrsis|= mqoa.,hd w;ska lh jpk Ndjs;fhka is|=flfrkakdjQ iEufohlau fuzksid wmsrsis|=jk nj;a"kqjKska jgyd .kakd m@Z{diuzmkak mqoa.,hd |+Is; jQ ps;a;ixl,amhka yeroud"wf,daNh"woafjzIh yd wfudayh2 hk msrsis|= ps;a; ixl,amhka m@.Klrknj;a"tlS mrsis|= ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a Ndjs;djfya; fldg f.k ksrdhdifhkau iudcys;lduS oeyeus mqoa.,fhl m@;sksrAudKhlr .kS'

fuz whqrska iudcNdjs;djla iys;jQ OdrAusl mqoa.,hd ;j|=rg;a ;udf.am@;smodj jO!khlr .kS' fuysoS Tyqf.a jO!kh jkafka m@Z{duh YsCIdjhs'fuz m@;smodj ;j|=rg;a bosrshg f.khk fy;u i;rn@yau jsyrK kdufhka yeZoskafjk Ndjkdj jvhs'3tu Ndjkdj i;rn@yaujsyrK

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 2 tu w,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;daw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;daw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;daw,qoafOda mkdyx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da f,dafNak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskakps;af;da…w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx w|=gzfGda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;dald,dud mqrsi mq.a.f,da fodafiak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;da….wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud wuQ<afyda mkdhx ld,dud mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;mqrsimq.a.f,da fudafyak wkNsN~f;da wmrshdoskak ps;af;daaf;daaf;daaf;da… 3 tu' iiii fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afda iuzmcdfkda fLda fida ld,dud wrshidjflda tajx js.;dNscAfCOda js.;nHdmdfoda wiuzuQ<afda iuzmcdfkda m;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fmm;siaif;da fu;a;diy.f;ak fpz;id fm----lreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;idlreKdiy;f;ak fpz;id----uqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;iduqos;d iy;f;ak fpz;id----fmfmfmfm----

kdufhka yeZoskafjkafka n@yauf,dalhka ys jev jdihlrkakdjQ n@yaurdchka ksrka;rfhkau fuujdifhka hq;j isgsknejsks'fuu n@yauf,dal jkdyS mdrsYoaOFjfhka osjHf,dalj,g;a jvd by<;,hlg wh;a jkakdjQ f,dalfjhs'osjHf,dal jkdys lduNjhgu wh;a Wiia;,hka ksfhdackh lrhs'ukqIHf,dalho wh;ajkafka lduNjhguh' n@yau f,daljkdyS fulS ldu w;aoelSuz fCIa;@h blaujdhdula fjhs'ldu w;aoelSuz fCIa;@h o<h1"fkd.eUqreh" jskdY ldrSh"|=lmuK blaujd msrSmj;S'hfula fuf,i kqjKskaoekjgydf.k ldu Njhka flfrys l<lsrS"bkatf;rjSu msKsi W;aiy flfrAo by; olajk,oaodjQ i;r n@yaujsyrK Ndjkdjka jvkafkah'

fufia n@yaujsyrK Ndjkdjka i;rla we;'2tkuz ffu;@sh"lreKdj"uqos;dj yd WfmaCIdj fjhs' fuhska ffu;@sh hkq us;@;ajhhs'tkuz us;reNdjhhs'fuu us;@;ajh hk ixl,amh iudchla f,i ukqIHm@cdj tlg tlaj lghq;lsrSfuzoS w;sYhskau jeo.;afjz'us;@;ajh fkdue;s;ek ffjrh oafjzIh wdoS wys;lr ufkdaOu! yg.kS'lreKdj kuz wkqkaf.a |=flysoS ys;WKqjk iajNdjhhs'flfklf.a jsm;foi n,d ta ;eke;a;dg Wojz jkafka fuz isf;a we;sjkakdjQ udkisl iajNdjfha n,mEfuks' iduqyslcSjs;hla .;lsrSfuzoS wkqkafjkqfjka" wkqkaf.a hym; fjkqfjka ;udf.a huzhuz foalemlr lghq;lsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ udkislYla;sh ,efnkafka lreKdj flaJ|@fldgf.kh'uqos;dj hkq wkqkaf.a oshqKqj yd hym; oeli;gqjkakd jQ iajNdjhhs'BrAIHdjg m@;smCI Ou!;djh fuzkuzfjz' WfmaCIdj hkq isf;a we;sjkakdjQ uOHia:iajNdjhhs'

by; olajk,o i;rn@yau jsyrKhka mdollrf.k f,#lsl OHdk Wmojd.; yelsh'fuz wkqj m@:u OHdkfha isg i;rjk OHdkh olajd Wmojd.;yel'ms,sfj,ska fu;a;d"lreKd"uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk OHdkhka m@:u"|=;sh";D;sh yd p;F:s jYfhka wkql@ufhka ,enshhq;h'3

�����3� ( �����< ����3�� Giving Pidgin )

m;a;sodk hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka mskaoSuhs' ;udl< msk wkqkag wh;alrjSu fyj;a whs;slrjSu m;a;sodk kus' wdydrmdkdoshoSu mskalulajkakdfiau ;udl< msk wkawhg oSuo mqKHlu!hls'cSj;aj isgsk whg;a ush.sh whg;a mskaosh yelsh'sfuysoS is|=jkafka mskaoSu ms<snZo is;js,a, my<lrf.k th jpkfhka m@ldYlsrSuhs'mQcH frAreldfka pJojsu, ysushka ta.ek fufia iZoyka lr;s' ;udjsiska l<mskla iFjfhlg fok l,ays udf.amsk wij,a kuwe;a;d wkqfudaokafjFjd lshd fyda udf.a mshdg;a ysusfjzjd lshd fyda wefikfia lsjhq;h' iFjiuQyhlg mskafok l,ayS udf.a kEfhda fuz msk wkqfudaokafjFjd lshd fyda lsj hq;h'

fuz mskaoSfuz ldrAhfhys c,h Wmfhda.S lr.kS w;ska w;g oSug fkdyelfohla oSfuzoS fuz l@uh wkq.ukh lr we;' nsuznsidr rc;ud fjzZMjkh mqok wjia:dfjz w;meka j;afldg ta is|=l<nj oelafjz'merKsusksiaiq c,h mQckShFjfhka ie,lSu fufialsrSug fya;jla jshyelshs'flfia fyda fjzjd ush.sh Z{d;Ska Wfoid mqZ[aZ[dkqfudaokd lsrSfuz isrs; ixialD;sluh pdrs;@hlajYfhkq;a සාරධ�මhla jYfhkq;a .kakdjsg iudcuh jYfhka jsfYaI jeo.;alula tys mj;S'

wdosld,fha isg ck;dj w;rmej;s u,jqka msoSfuz tla;rd l@uhla yegshgo fuz mqKHdkqfudaokd ixl,amh oelajsh yelsh'ush.sh Z{d;sjre ms<snZoj Tjqkal< Wmldr isysfldg Bg m@f;Hdamldrhla jYfhka lreKd iy.; yd lD;fjzoSye.Sulska fuu ldrAhh is|=lsrSu iudcuh jYfhka f,dljeo.;alula we;sl@shdjla yegshg iZoyka l< hq;h'

ld,duiQ;@fhys mxpYS,m@;smodj oelafjk ia:dkfhys miajkYsCIdmoh jYfhka oelafjkafka mrmK keiSfuka"fidrluz lsrSfuka"mrodr fiajkfhka 1yd uqidjdofhka hklreKq i;frka

WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d WfmlaLdiy.f;al fpz;id talx osix trFjd jsyr;s ;:d |=;shx ;:d ;;shx ;:d p;;aF:sx b;s p;;aF:sx b;s p;;aF:sx b;s p;;aF:sx b;s WoaOuf;da lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id wnHdmcAfCOk WoaOuf;da lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id wnHdmcAfCOk WoaOuf;da lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id wnHdmcAfCOk WoaOuf;da lsrshx inznOs inzn;a;;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx WfmalaLdiy.f;ak fpz;id wnHdmcAfCOk trsFjd jsyr;s trsFjd jsyr;s trsFjd jsyr;s trsFjd jsyr;s 1 kqU kdvka foajodis uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl isZMusK brsod t;ai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 06 03 2005 24 msgqj 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq

je<lSlghq;lsrSu iZoyd wkHhka iudokalrjSuhs'fuys jsfYaIFjhlajkqfha cSj;ajisgshoSu wkHhkayg li,.duSosjsfmfj;la .;lsrSu iZoydwdOdrWmldrjSuhs'fuysmd,sjpkh mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hkafkys iudofma;s hkqfjka meyeos,sju olajd we;af;a ndr.ekajSu" ms<s.ekajSu hkwrA:h oelajSu iZoydh'

iudofma;s hk jpkh ia;S@"mqreI yd kmqxil hk ,sx.;kgu fmd|=jQjls'th iliajS we;af;a ixixixix+wdwdwdwd+odododod +KdfmKdfmKdfmKdfm=iudofma;siudofma;siudofma;siudofma;s f,ih'ix hkak ksrka;rfhkau hym; ksjeros fydZo hk f;reu f.kfokakls'tfukau fndfyda msrsila yg hym;ajQ hula ms<s.ekajSu fuz mofhka woyiafldg ;sfnz'fuu l@shdmoh ;ka ,sx.drA:j ;aj jrkeZ.Su;,ska fmd|=nj ms<snZoj bZ.shla ,ndfoa'tfukau od Od;j oerSu ms,snZoj woyiaflfrk nejska iifrys ksrka;rju huzlsis lY,Yla;shla f.khdug yelshdjla mqZMjkalula fuzuZ.ska ,efnknj;a"ta lY,Yla;sh fya;fldgf.k i;r wmdh nZ|= |=rA.ia:dkhkays fkdjegS myiqfjka iir.uk fl<jr lsrSfuz yelshdjla ,efnknj;a"tnZ|= wNjHia:dkhlg fkdjegS iq.;sfhys ordf.k isgSfuz yelshdjla by; olajk,o mqKHYla;sfhys .enzjk nj;a i<ldwe;'

fuz wkqj mskaoSu hkl@shdj tys mgqrA:fhka fkdj b;dmqZM,aj ld,duiQ;@fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kajS ;sfnz' fuzksid u<jqkag mskaoSu .ekmuKla fkdj urKhg m;ajSug fmr fjk;a flfklf.a Njh jdikdjka; ;;ajhg m;alsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ li,Yla;sh msnsZojSu ms<snZoj Wmfoiaimhd ;sfnz'

m;a;dkqfudaokh (mska wkqfudaoka jSu ; Purchase Pidgin)

fokakdjQ msk fiduzkiskahqla;j ms<s.ekSu m;a;dkqfudaokhhs'fuzl<yelsjkafka BrAIHfjka f;dr i;a mqreIhdg muKs'ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoykawkaoug i;r n@yau jsyrK jO!kh lr.ksuska iudch ;< wkqkajsIfhys iyfhda.fhka l@shdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd;, fuhg wkql~, udkisl ixorANhla f.dvkef.k nejz ie,lshyel'uqos;djfyj;a BrAIHdfjkaf;drnj n@yaujsyrKhkaysiZoykajk tlalreKla jk nejsks'

ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk i;rn@yaujsyrK mdolfldgf.k we;slr.kakdjQ ps;a; ixjrAOkh m;a;dkQ fudaok li,;djhg iq|=iqjk mrsoafoka ukiilialrhs'mxpYS, m@;smodj wdrCIdlsrSu ksid yg.kakdjQ ps;a;m@fudaoho i;rn@yaujsyrK jdihg iq|=iqjk udkisl jgdmsgdj ksrAudKh flfrA'

ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk mxpYS, m@;smodfjz miajeks wx.fhka bosrsm;aflfrkakdjQ mrmK keiSfuka wkHhka je,elajSu"fidrluz lsrSfuka wkHhka je<elajSu"mrodr fiajkfhka wkHhka je,elajSu" yd fndre lSfuka wkHhka je<elajSu hk lreKq i;rska wkHhka je<elajSuz jYfhka l@shdlsrSfuzoS tui;a l@shdjka wkqu; lrkakdjQ yd tajd taldka;fhka hym;al@shd nejz ms<sf.k tajd ;ukao wkqfudaokajSu uZ.ska ;ukaf.a cSjs; jdikdjka; lr.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie<fia'

mqKH Yla;sfhys b;d jeo.;a Wmfhda.s;d ixorANh kuz fuf,dj cSjs;h jdikdjka; lr.ekSu iZoyd th lukdldrfhka Wmfhda.Sjkafkaoehs hk oekqu we;sj isgSuhs'fudaok hk jofkys wrA:h jkqfha i;gg m;ajSuhs'm;a; hk md,s jpkfhys f;areuz fndfyda we; Ndckh meusKs ,enQ wjfndaO l< hk wrA: fuz w;rska jeo.;ah huzlsisjla oeuQ Ndckhl tu Ndckh msrS W;rd hk muKg wjfndaOh ,enSu mqKHYla;sh hk jofkka woyiajQnj fmfka' ienjskau msk fyj;a mqKH Yla;sh hkqfjka woyiajkafka huzlsis flfkl;, Ou!djfndaOh uZ.ska ,nk wjfndaO;dZ{dKh uqyqlrjd hEuhs' iirska iir li, jsmdl f.k oS wjik ksj!dKdjfndaOh lrd mqoa.,fhl <Z.djkafka fulS Ou!dfndaOh uZ.ska ,nk wjfndaO;dZ{dKh uZ.sks'

flfkl;< wjfndaOZ[dKh we;sjSu iZoyd jsoHd iuzm;a;sh fiau prK iuzm;a;sho ukdj tlyd m@udKhg f.dvkeZ.S ;snshhq;h'ta wkqj nq|=iuh Ou!djfndaOh iZoyd nqoaOsuh fukau prAhduh fm@arKhla yZ|=kajdfokq ,nhs'nqoaOsuh fm@arKh ;,ska jsuqla;sh lrd<Z.d jSug kuz ishZM oDIaGsjdoj,ska uki ksoyia lr.;hq;h'ta hgf;a m@Odk jYfhkau Ydiaj; yd WpzfPao hk oajsjeoEreuz oDIaGsuQ< m@Njfoflka is; ksoyialr.; hq;h'ishZM oDIaGs.;hka nsysjkqfha

1 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz.fya f.vsld,d fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 25 03 2005 3 msgqj

fuu oDIaGsuQ< m@Njfol uQ<sl lrf.k nejsks'fuu oDIaGs uQ< m@Njfol uQ<sllrf.k we;sfjkakdjQ jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrSjkakdjQ pska;k wOsldrhka oyhla ms<snZoj ld,duiQ;@fha iZoykaj we;'tkuz 1

flfkl by; olajk ,oaodjQ nqoaOsuh m@ia;;h lrd <Z.d jSfuzoS Tyq w;ska l@shd;auljk prAhd;au l miqnsulao nq|=iuh olajd ;sfnz'tkuz mxpYS, m@;smodjhs fu;ek b;du;a jeo.;a yd m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh l<hq; ia:dkhls'ukao tfia fkdl<fyd;a ksjeros oelaulg wikakd fkdt<fUk nejsks' ld,duiQ;@fha nq|=r|=ka b;d meyeos,s f,iu olajd ;sfnkqfha lsis|= oDIaGsjdohlska f;drj b;du meyeos,s iqmsrsis|+ jsjD; ukiska n,kakdjQ mqoa.,hd w;ska Tyqf.au iodpdrd;aul yDoYdCIsfhys fufyhjSu;,skau mxpYS, m@;smodjTyq w;ska iqrCIs; flfrk njhs'fuhska weZ.fjkq fha huzlsis mqoa.,fhla ;, ;sfnkakdjQ ishZM oDIaGSka isishuz l@uhlska uqZMukskau bj;a lrkakg bv ,efnzkuz ksrdhdifhkau tlS mqoa.,hd iodpdrj;a mqoa.,fhla jkq we;snjhs'

fuhska wrA:j;a jkqfha mqoa.,hd Wm;ska u iodpdrj;a iodpdr .rel mqoa.,fhla f,i iq|=iq mqKH Yla;shlska Wm;,enqj;a wd.ka;l flf,ia yd wli,hka uZ.ska Tyqj flf,iSug ,lajk nj nq|=iuh ms<sf.k ;snqkq njhs'kQ;kfhys wdpdrjsoHdj;, fnfyjska l:dnyg ,lajk iodpdrd;aul yDoYdCIsh ms<snZoj uq,skau wrA:olajd we;af;a nq|=iuh nj fuz wkqj fmfka fjk;a iuhjdohkays olajd we;af;a iajNdj fhkau usksid kmqrg keUqrejSug YkH;djh olajkakdjQ iajNdjfhkau mdmS mqoa.,fhl f,i wrA:olajk tlS wd.uzys mefKk oDIaGsfldaK wkqj mdmfhka nrjQ usksid mdrsYoaOsh lrd <Z.dlrjkafka fojshka fyda iqmsrs iajNdjsl n,hka ( God as Super Natural Power)2 uZ.sks'

kuq;a nq|=iuh Wmam;a;sfhka u usksid mqKHj;a mqKHiuzmkak mqoa.,fhl f,i ms<s.ekS we;' tlS mqKHYla;sh ;j;j;a TmakZ.d.ekSug usksidg ms,sjkalu we;ehso nq|=iuh mjihs usksidf.a tlS mqKH Yla;sh wdjrKh lrkakla f,i usksidf.a jsjD; udkislFjhg ndOdldrS jkakdjQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka olajdwe;'huzlsis fyhlska by; oelajQkdjQ psk;kuh wOsldrhkaf.ka usoS lghq; lsrSfuz yelshdj usksidg we;sfjz" kuz usksid ;u iajNdjsl mqKH Yla;sh ;j;j;a TmakZ.d .kq we;snjg nq|=iuh iy;slfjz'

fuz wkqj usksidf.a mshjs iajNdjh jk mxpYS, m@;smodj usksidf.a iyc ukqIHFjh uQrA;su;a lrkakls'th lsishuz wd.usl ixorANhlg wh;a fohla fkdfjz iajNdjsl ukqIH whs;sjdishluz yd hq;luz myla ms<snZoj bka lshefjz'3

mrmK keiSfuka fjkajSuhk YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;alrkqfha wkHhka i; cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh g fy;u .re lrkafkl njhs'4lsishuz wd.usl ixorANhlska uku wdjrKhlr fkd.;a TzkEu mshjs isys l,amkdj we;s ukqIHfhlyg wkqkaf.a cSj;ajSfuys we;sw.h jgskdlu wjfndaO fjz' hd. fyda lsishuz wd.usl lghq;a;la fjkqfjka fyda fjk;a fya;jla ksid ixfjzoS jsjD; ukila we;s TzkEu wfhlg ;j;a flfklf.a cSjs;h ta iFjhdf.ka W|=rd.; fkdyel'ta cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;sh ta iFjhdg ,efnkafka Wm;;a iuZ.h usksid jkdyS mD:sjsfhys iajdushd fkdfjz'Tyq;a tla;rd wdldrhl irAjNCIl nqoaOsu;a cSjsfhls'Tyq nqoaOsu;a jQ muKska wfkla iFjhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuys we;s whs;sh ;ud hg;g .ekSug l@shdlrhskuz th jsjD; ukilska lrkakdjQ l@shdjla fkdfjz'wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuys we;s whs;sh ;yjqre lsrSuu mqoa.,fhlf.a mqKH Yla;sh jvd;a fydZoska Tmj;ajSug th bjy,afjz'

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud ta: ;`uzfy ld,dud ud wkqiaifjzk ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud mruzmrdh ud b;slsrdh ud msgl iuzmodfkak ud ;lal fya;` ud kh fya; ud wldrmrsjs;laflak ud osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s osgzGs kscACOdklaLka;shd ud NnznrEm;dh ud iufKda fkd.re;s 2 The Flexibility of Caste Principles in a Kandyan Community in Aspects of Caste in South India,Ceylon and North-West Pakistan,Nur Yalman,ed.E.R.Leach,Cambidge University Press,1960,pp.78-112. 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx wmrshdokak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;syka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 4 tu' fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s

woskakdodkfhka fjkajSu hk YsCIdmofhka wrA:j;a lrkafka wkHhkai; foam< mrsyrkh lsrSfuz whs;shg fy;u .relrkafkl njhs'1 flfkl ;j;a flfklf.a fofmd<j,g jHdc wdldrfhka ysusluz mEug bossrsm;ajkqfha ;ud wkqka yd f,dalh ms<snZo we;a;djQ oevsf,daN iy.; fpz;kdfjks' tlS f,daNiy.; fpz;kdj u;jkafka oDIaGsiy.;j l,amkdlrk ksidh fufiajkafka mqoa., mqKH Yla;sh oDIaGsfhka hgm;aj mj;sk ksidh'huzflfkla wdjD; udkisl iajNdjhlska l,amkd fkd l<fyd;a lsis|= pska;k wOsldrhlg hgm;aj ;u pska;kh fkdfufyhjqjfyd;a ksirA. jYfhkau Tyqf.a isf;a wkHhkai; foa wkqka /jgSu uZ.ska ;uka mrsyrkh lsrSu b;d idjoH jQjla nj Tyqgu wjfndaOjknj nq|=iuh mjihs'

ksrjoHjQ iudc iuzu; jQ ,sx.sl l@shdj,shla;,g wkq.;jSu fyj;a ksrrAno mjq,a cSjs;hla f.khdfuys iudcuh m@;sudkhg ;ukao wkq.@yh olajkafkl f,i lghq; lsrSu f;jk YsCId moh jQ ldufhys jrojd yeisSrSfuka fjkajSu hkafka woyia flfrA'2 jsfYaI jYfhka ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuys whs;sh fuz u.ska ;yjqreflfrA'bF|@shm@SKkh Tiafia yUdhkafkao ta Tiafia idjoHjQ l@shdudrA. Ndjs;hg .ksuska lghq; lrkafkao oevs f,daNh lrKfldgf.kh';ud wjg isgskakdjQ wfkl;a jsreoaO ,sx.sl iFjhska cSj;ajkqfha m@sh wruqKq b,a,dyZvd jefgk ;u bF|@sh hka m@fndaOu;a lsrSu Wfoidu muKs'hk wdldrfhka oDIaGsiy.;j l,amkdlsrSu ksid huzflfkl Wm;ska /f.k meuskshdjQ mqKH Yla;sh hgm;a jS usksid iamrAY ldufhka Wu;jS ukqIHFjhg flfiaj;a fkd.e<fmkdldrfhka b;du;a my;a ;pzP kskaos;dldrfh ka lghq; lsrSug fm<fUhs'

lsishuz flfklyg ;ukaf.a mqKH Yla;sh hgm;a lrf.k isgskakdjQ pska;k wOsldruh ;;aj fhka uki ksoyia lr.kSug bv ,enqkfyd;a ta udkisl ksoyi w;am;a lr.kakdjQ m@udKhg ldudYdfjka usoS lghq; lsrSfuz yelshd usksid ,nd.kshs'nq|=iuh fulS ;;ajh tlajru usksidg YdCId;alr .ekSfuys wmyiqnj i,ld Bg huzlsis l@udkQl~, iajNdjhla tlalsrSug uq,a woshrhka ;,oS iamrAYlduh Nla;sjsZoskqfha iudc iuzu;hkag .relruska mjq,a ixia:dj;, jsOsu;a whqrska nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz'tlS ;;ajhka;,oS jqj;a mqKH Ylaksfhys msnsojSug th t;ruzu ndOdldrS fkd jknj nq|=iuh mjihs'fuz ;;ajh Wmudjla uZ.ska fmkajdfok nq|=iuh wdrAhwIaGdx.sl udrA.h;, .syshdf.a m@;smodj fudkr .ukg;a mejsoaodf.a m@;smodj yxi .ukg;a iudklr olajd ;sfnz'

wkqkai; i;H oek.ekSfuz we;s whs;shg .re lsrSu uqidjdofhka fjkajSu f,i olajd ;sfnz'3 wkHhkaf.a ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sj,shg ndOdldrSjkakdjQ ;;ajhla kuz h:drA:fhka neyerjkakdjQ foa ikaksfjzokhjSuhs'iajNdjfhkau ukqIHhdf.a we;s mqKHldrl Yla;shkuz fulS ikaksfjzok l@shdj,shg ndOdldrS fkdjSu yd tu ikaksfjzok l@shdj,sh h:drA:jdoS f,i mj;ajdf.k hduhs'tu l@shdj,shg ndOjka we;sjkafka mqoa., uki wOsldruh pska;khkaf.ka |+Is; iajNdjhlg m;ajSuhs' mdmhg yd wOsiajNdjsl n,hkag k;jS lghq; lsrSuksid oDIaGSka we;sfjz' fuu oDIaGSkau pska;k wOsldrhka f,i mshjs jsjD; ukig n,mEuz fldg udkisl ksoyi wjqrdoukq ,nhs ksoyi wjqrd oeuqkq ukil mqKH Yla;sh u; fkdfjz'

mxpYS, m@;smodfjys wjidk wx.h jkqfha whym;a w;g jk fm<UjSuzj,ska je<lSuhs'4 idudkHfhka fuh olajd ;sfnkqfha u;ameka mdkfhka je<lSu f,ih'sjHdckdrA:h tfiajqj;a fuys .enzjkakdjQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul wrA:h jkqfha fm<UjSuz kHdhhs'fuu fm<ujSuz kHdh jkdyS whym;a w;g fukau hym;a w;g hk fohdldrfhkau ls@hd;aulfjz'mxpYS, m@;smodfjys olajd we;af;a whym;a w;gjk fm<USuz kHdh Ndjs;dlsrSfuka j<lsk f,ihs'idudkHfhka mxpYS, m@;smodfjz u;ameka mdkfhka je,lSu f,i olajd ;sfnk fuz fm<UjSuz kHdh ld,duiQQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha iDcqju fm<UjSuz kHdh f,iuh'fuz hgf;a by; olajk ,o fiiq jeros y;rg flfkl fmd<Ujd ,Sfuka je<lSu uZ.ska yd tu jeros fkdlsrSug flfkl fmd<Ujd,Su uZ.ska ld,duiQ;@fhys iZoyka mxpYS, YsCIdj iuzmQrAKfjz ld,duiQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos fuu fm<UjSuz kHdh hym;a osidjg Ndjs;dlsrSu uZ.ska TzkEu flfklg ;ud;, we;s yd wkHhka;,

1 w. ks. 1 ;sl ksmd;h uydj.a. ld,duiq;a; nq c uq 337-343 msgq …k woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;sk woskakx wdosh;s 2 tu ….k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s 4 tu' mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s

we;s mqKHYla;sh mqnq|=jd .ekSug yd tuZ.ska wrA:j;a hym;a ksjS iekiqkq cSjs; .;lsrSug Nd.Hh ,efnz'

urKska miq mqKH Yla;sh wkqfudaoka jSu fiau fuho cSj;aj bkakdl< ;ukaf.a Wm;ska f.k wd mqKH Yla;sh u;lrjd .ekSug flfkl fhduqjSu b;djeo.;a jkafka hful cSj;aj isgskakdjQ l, hym;a cSjs;hla .; lsrSu urKska miq wksjdrAhfhkau iq.;s.duS jSug fya;jla jknejsks'

fjhHdjpzp(Consideration)

nqoaOdoS W;uka we;ZM .re foudmsh wdoSkago jevsysgshkago wd.ka;ldoSkago ix.@y ie,ls,s lsrSu fjhHd jpzpkus' uyck;djf.a m@fhdackh msKsi u,aM, yg.kakd .iaje,a frdamKh lsrSujeks mska i,ld lh fjfyid lrkl@shd ish,a,u fjhHdjpzp lY,hg wh;ajknj oelafjz'

mxpYS, m@;smodfjz ishZMu wx.hkaf.ka oelafjkqfha iudcfha fjfikakdjQ wfkl;a idudcslhka f.a iudcsl osjsfmfj; kssrrAnqoj .;lsrSug wjYHlrkakdjQ"tu iudcmoaO;sfhau fjfikkakka jsiska lrkq ,nkakdjQ hq;luz yd lghq; ish,a,o wh;ajkqfha fjhHdjpzp lY,hguh'ulaksido h;a"wfkl;a idudcsl hkaf.a cSjs;h wdrCIdlroSfuys isg osjsmeje;au myiqlrjSu olajd Tjqka fjkqfjka l<hq;jQ ksYaps; jevfldgila fuzuZ.ska ksrAfoaYfldg olajd ;snSuhs'fuz hgf;a jevsysgshka"foujzmshka".rejreka"frda.Ska flfrys muKlafkdj iudcfhys fjfik iuia; idudcslhka jsIfhysu l<hq;jQ lghq; jsia;rlrfokq ,efnz'

isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhysoS uqZM uy;a iudch ujzmsh |+ore iuznJOh".re YsIH iuznJOh"iajdus NdrAhd iuznJOh"ys; us;re iuznJOh".sys mejsos iuznJOh yd fiajH fiajl iuznJOh hk fldgia ihla hg;g fnod ta ta tla tla fldgila w;r Tjqfkdjqka jsIfhys hq;luz yd j.lSuz hk fojeoE/uz l@uhg hq;luz yd j.lSuz bgqlrkdldrh ukdj meyeos,s lroS ;sfnz'ld,du iQ;@fhys by; iZoyka l<djQ fldgia ihg;a jvd mqZM,ajQ js.@yhla olakg ,efnz'tkuz uqZM uy;a iuia; jsYajhu ;ukaf.a orejka jekshhs is;d Tjqka jsIfhys fu;a;d iy.; fpz;kdj fmroerslrf.k lghq; lrkdldrhhs'

fuu iuia; cSjs m@cdj ld,du iQ;@fhys yZ|=kajd we;af;a inznOs inzn;a;dh inzndjka;x f,dalx hkqfjks' hq;luz j.lSuz bgqlsrSu msKsi wruqKqlr.kakd iuia; cSjm@cdfjys m@udK rys;Ndjh olajd we;af;a jsmqf,ak uy.a.f;ak wmamudfKk jYfhks'ksmd; mohla jQ inznOs hk mofhka iEu;eku hk wrA:h f.k fohs'tfukau ksmd;hlajQ inzn;a; hkafkka woyiajkafkao iEu;eku hk wrA:hhs'inzndjka;x hkqfjka woyiajkafka ish,a, we;,;a hkqhs'fuys uq,ska fhoS we;s inznOs hkmohg jvd me;rekqnjla inzn;a;dh hk mofhys .enzfjz'tfiau inzn;a;dh hkmohg jvd mqZM,anjla inzndjka; hk mofhys wvx.h'fufia kej; kej; fhoSu;,ska wrA:h WoaoSmkh we;'tfiau wjOdrKhlr we;'fuhska woyia flfrkqfha isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;rlrkjdg jvd b;du;a mqZM,af,i ld,du iQ;@fhys iudc සාරධ�ම wdrCId lsrSfuys hq;luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldr iajrEmh jsia;rlr we;snjhs'tu mqZM,a iajrEmh inzn hkjpkh Ndjs;dlsrSu ;,ska wrA:.kajd we;snjhs'inzn hk jpkhg wvx.fkdjkakdjQ සාරධ�ම fldgila fkdue;s nejsks'

ie,lsh hq; mqoa.,hkag ie,ls,s oelajSug ;ud;, we;a;djQ udkh hgm;a l< mqoa.,fhl jsh hq;h'wNsOrAuh wkqj udkhg m@Odk jYfhkau n,mdkq ,nkafka fudayuQ<sl is;a foljk WfmaCId iy.; jspslspzPd iuzm@hqla; is; yd WfmaCId iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is; hk is;a foflka WfmaCId iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is;hs'fida;dm;a;s u.a. Z{dkh ,enSu;a iu.u f,daN uQ<sl is;a i;r iuZZ.m@ySk jkafka fuday uQ< is;a foflka WfmaCId iy.; jspslspzPd iuzm@hqla; is;hs'WfmaCId iy.; WoaOpzP iuzm@hqla; is; fidajdka ud.! ,dNshdf.a ps;a; ika;dkfha mjd ;ju;a b;srsj we;s wli, Ou!hla ksid wdrAh mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; ik;dkfhys mjd fuys n,mEu olakg ,efnkq we;'

udkh hk wlY, Ou!h fl;tuz n,j;a oehs fuhska fmkS hd hq;h'wkd.duS mqoa.,hd flfrys mjd wiausudkh f,i b;d ishquz wKq iy.k laf,aY n,mEula we;ehs lshkq ,efnz'fufia fyhska idudkH jHjydrfhaoS mqyq|=ka mqoa.,hdg mjd ksy;udks hk jpkh jHjydr lrkq olakg ,efn;;a Ou!h wkqj th idjoH jHjydrhla nj lsj hq;h'ksy;udks hkqfjka jHjydr l<

yelafl udkh uqZMukskau |=rel< ry;ka jykafia yeZoskajSu iZoyd muKs'idudkH mqoa.,fhda tosfkod m@fhda.sl cSjs;fhaoS udkh fkdkeiQ tfy;a hgm;a l<dyq fj;s'Tjqka yeZoskajSu iZoyd Wps; jpkh wk;sudks hkqhs'thska woyia flfrkafka udkh hgm;a l< ;eke;a;d hk wrA:hhs'

udkh ms<snZoj js.@yhl fhfokakg is|=jQfha wkHhkag .re id,ls,s olajkakdjQ mqqoa.,hd wksjdrA hfhkau udkh hgm;al< mqoa.,fhl jshhq; fyhsks'udkdOsl mqoa.,fhlg tnZ|= is;la my< lr .ekSfuz yelshdjla ke;'udkh Wmoskafka osgzGsh ksidh by;ska wdNsOuzusl jsjrKhla is|=lf<a hf:dala; lreK ;yjqrelsrSu msKsih'udkh yg.kajkafka fudayuQ<sl is;aj,sks'fudayh hkq isf;ys m@Ndiajrh wdjrKhjSu ksid tlS is;g ishquz lreKq wdmd;.; fkdjSfuz ;;ajhhs'us:H oDIaGs.; jSu yd fkdfhla wdldrhkaf.ka ukfiys m@Ndiajrh u;jSug we;s bvlv wjqrdoeuSu ksid isf;ys fuday kdufhka wrA: olajk isf;ys mqZM,a iajNdjh ke;slrkakdjQ ;;ajh yg.kshs'ld,duiQ;@fhys oi jeoEreuz pska;k wOsldrhka kdufhka olajd we;af;a isf;ys meyenrnj jskdYlrkakdjQ lreKq oyhls'tkus

wmpdhkh(Respection / Worship)

wmpdhkh hkqfjka woyialrkafka .rel<hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kagf.#rj lsrSuhs' jhiska yd .Kfhka jevs we;af;da .rel<hq;af;dahs .KOu! mCIfhaoS jhig jvd .Kh ie,fla' “fha nqoaOfha nqoaOfha nqoaOfha nqoaO umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj umpdhka;s krd Ouzuiai fldajsod osgzfGj Ouzfuzj mdhka;x iuzmrdfhaj iq.a.;sx'”iq.a.;sx'”iq.a.;sx'”iq.a.;sx'”

“wNsjdok iS,siai kspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdawNsjdok iS,siai kspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdawNsjdok iS,siai kspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKdawNsjdok iS,siai kspzpx joaOdmpdhsfkda p;a;drS Ouzud jvzvka;s wdhqjKqfKda iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”iqfLdan,x”

.rel<hq; whg .re lsrSu hym;a l@shdjla jkakdfiau".rel<hq;a;ka g .re fkdlsrSuo whym;a l@shdjla yegshg fmkajd we;'tfiajkafka flfkla .re l,hq;af;lg .re fkdlrkafka Tyqf.a is;;< udkh jeks wlY, ffp;isl hka jevsjYfhka n,mdk ksidh' tuksid Tyqf.a uki fuz wjia:dfjzoS wlY,mCIhg keUqrejla oelajSu th whym;a l@shdjla yegshg ksrAjpkh lsrSug fya;fjz'

mqoa.,fhl iq.;s.duS lrjshyelafla tu mqoa.,hd iudch jsIfhys .relrkafkl` kuzmuKs'fuz hgf;a wkHhkaf.a cSj;ajSfuz we;s whs;shg f.#rjlsrSu m@OdkFjfhys,d ie,fla'1;ud ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hdfuzz we;s whs;shg f.#rj lrkjdfiau wkqkao Tjqkaf.a cSjs; mj;ajdf.k hEfuz whs;sh b,a,disgskafkda fj;s'.Kj;kafiau .Kj;afkdjkmqoa.,hkaygo ;ukag ;ukaf.a cSjs;h w.kdnejska iEu fokdf.au cSj;ajSuz we;s whs;shg iEufokd jsiskau .rel< hq;jkafkah'

fm#oa.,sl foam< ksoyfia Nla;sjsZoSug ukqIHiudcfha fjfikakdjQ iEufofklju whs;shla we;af;ah' .Kj;a yd .Kj;a fkdjk ishZM fokdflfrysu fuu whs;sh we;af;ah'2tnejska tu ;;aj hg .relr wkqkaf.a foa fidris;ska .ekSfuka je<lsh hq;h'fuz hgf;a ;ukalrkakdjQ /lshdj mjd wjxljsh hq;h' fkdfhl;a jxpd |+IK wdosfhka uqo,a bmhSuo fidrlu hg;g .efkk nejsks' wjxlju Y@uh fkdj.rd Wmhk iEu Y;hlau fuzwkqj fidrlug wh;ah'ta ;uka iQrd.kakd uqo, ;jwfhlg wh;afohla";j wfhlg ,enshhq;jQ fohlanejsks'fuz wkqj tuuqo, wjxlju ysusjsh hq; ;eke;a;df.a tu whs;sh lvjk nejsks'

fuzksid ukqIHFjh .relrk TzkEu flfkl fjk;a flfklg ysusjkakdjQ fuz iuzm;a jxpksl f,i ;uka w;am;alr.ekSu fkdl<hq;h'iudc ixia:dj ksrrAnqo j mej;Sug kuz wksjdrAh fhkau tys idudcsl hka w;frA we;sjk wka;rAmeje;au wksjdrAhfhkau jsOsu;a iajrEmfhka is|=jsh hq;h' mjq,a ixia:dj lvdu iudctallh f,i ie,fla'by;ska olajk,o jsOsu;a iajrEmh lvdu iudc tallhjk mjq,a ixia:dj;< b;dfydZoskau jsoHudk jshhq;h'3

1 tu' fkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;sfkj mdKx yka;s 2 tu k woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;sk woskkx wdosh;s 3 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' k mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;sk mrodrx .pzP;s

mjq,a ixia:dfjz ksrAnqo meje;au msksi mrodrfiajkfhka je<lSu w;HjYHldrKhls'1fuz hgf;a nsrsZo ieushd fkdblaujuska lghq;lsrSu;a"ieushd jsisk nsrsZofkdblaujuska lghq;lsrSu;a w;HjYH lreKls' fmros.ixialD;sh;< fuz;;ajh b;d fydZoska wdrCIdjS mej;k;a wfma ixialD;sh f,dal ixialD;Skag jsjD;lsrSu;a iuZ.u jdf.a ndysr ixialD;Ska fj;ska fmros. ixialD;Skays wdrCIdjS mej;kq fuu;Fjh jskdYjS hkakgjsh'jsfYaIfhkau ldkakdj flfrys mqreIhd;, ;snQ f.#rjKSh wdl,amh yd ms<s.ekSu;a mqreIhd flfrys ldka;dj;, ;snQ f.#rjKSh wdl,amh yd ms<s.ekSu;a l@udkQl~,j oshfldg yrskakg ngysr ixialD;sl wdNdIh iu;ajsh 2

jsfYaIfhkau ngysr ldka;djg mej;s wiSus; mSvkh yuqfjz Tjqkajsiska wdruzNl< ia;@Sjdoh keue;s is;sjs,soduh ldka;djkag tjeks ;;ajhlska fkdie,l~ fmros. iudch;<o ta wdldrfhkau l@shd;aul lrkakg hduksid fmrfkd;snQ iudcuh .egZM u;jkakg jsh'jsjdy fkdjS tlgjsiSu (Living Together) 3jsjdyfhka miq ;u ieushdf.a jdi.u Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz iduzm@odhslisrs; bj; oud(tfialsrSuksid ;uka mqreI wdOsm;Hhg k;jkafka hehs Bkshd ia;@SjdoSka4 jsiska W.kajd ;snSu) jsjdyhg fmr ;snQ ;ukaf.a jdi.uu Ndjs;hg .ekSu";u ieushdg wu;rj ;j;a mqreIfhl ;ukaf.a fmuzj;d f,i weiqre lsrSu"5(Husband & Boyfriend)ieushdg ks.rejk ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl l@shdjkays ksr;jSu yd oafjzI iy.;f,i ieusshdj jsgska jsg yd uqZMukskau w;ayer oud hEu"6u;ameka yd u;a|@jHNdjs;h".nzidj"kdrs us:qkh"nyqmqreI fiajkh"lur wmfhdackh yd by< iudc ia:rhkag ,sx.sl Y@uh imhkakdjQ wkshuz tfy;a jD;a;Sh .Ksldjka fkdjkakshka f,i lghq;lsrSu (Indefinite Prostitution of High Flying in Consequential Capitalistic System)7 jeks l@shdjka ldka;d mCIh jsIfhys n,mdk ,o wys;lr ,CIKjsh'

ngysrska uQ,H m@;smdok,nk rdcHfkdjk ixjsOdk" ia;@Skau muKla flaJ|@lr.;a jsjsO ixjsOdk ius;s iud.uz"by< iudc ia:rhka wdYs@;j nsysjk jsjsO Wm ixialD;sl lKavdhuz ;,ska f.da,ShlrKhg msjsiSfuz udj;la f,i fyda mYapd;ajkHjdoS pska;khg wkq.;jSfuz l@shdj,shla f,i8 fyda kjSk jeo.;a Wiia isrs;la f,i fyda by; iZoykal< |=isrs;a jrA;udk iudcfhys b;du;a l<Sk wOHdmksl yd mjq,a miqnsu w;ska oshqKqhehs iuzu; jeo.;a iudcugzguz j, wh w;rmjd kjSk js,dis;djla fuka b;du;a iS>@fhka jHdma;fjuska hhs'9

jsfYaIfhkau jsfoaY.;jS isg furgg meusfKk ldka;djka ;uka jsfoaY ixialD;Skays oS ,;a wdNdIh ksoyi yd yqrej furg ixialD;sh flfryso wjspdrj;af,i wdfoaYlsrSug ;e;alsrSu lrK fldgf.k fuz ;;ajh jvd;a fjz.fhka jHdma; jSug m@Odk fya;jla jS we; ujzjreka ;u W;uz ud;D;ajh flfrys jvd;a f.#rjhlska i,ld l@shdlsrSug fm<USu uZ.ska fuu ;;ajh md,kh lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnkjd muKla fkdj mjq,a ixia:dfjz ksrrAnqo meje;augo th bjy,ajkq we; fN#;sl wxYhkaf.ka fl;ruz j;afmdfydi;aluz we;a;ka jqj;a lvdl< isgu සාරධ�ම flfrys f.#rjhlska is;d lghq; fkdlsrSu yd .KOu! flfrys wjZ{dfjka ne,Su fuz ;;ajh WodjSug fya;jhs'10

1 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vs ld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l`,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 2 tu 3 kqU kdvka foajodisz'uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06' 03' 2005" 24 msgqj' 4 ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi," oskusK wZ.yrejdod" tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U"22 03' 2005" 25msgqj' 5 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vsld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25' 03 '2005" 3 msgqj' 6 tu' 7 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz' cS' ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004"77-96 msgq' 8 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz' cS' ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004' 9 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03' 2005"17 msgqj' 10 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi, oskusK"wZ.yrejdo tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U 22' 03' 2005"25 msgqj'

cSjkigkg Wrfok ldka;dmCIhyg ksrka;rfhkau .ejiSug wksjdrAhfhkau is|=jk |+Is; iudc mrsirh"whym;a cSjs; .;lrkakdjQ iuyrwh wfkla who ;ukaf.a f.dvg tlalr.ekSu msKsi Tjqkaf.a wmsrsis|= cSjs;j, ienjskau fkdue;s iqJorFjhla we;a;dfia riuqiqlr mejiSu ;,skao is|=jkqfha wysxilhka f.a msjs;re cSjs; wjq,alroeuSuh'1mjq,a tallh nsZojegSu orejkaf.a udkisl fi#LHh msrsySuflfrys iDcqju n,mdhs'2ienjskau ;udf.a yd wkhHkaf.a idudcsl osjsfmfj; yd ukqIHOu!h flfrys .relsrSula olajkakdjQ hym;a ukqIHhka jYfhka yeisrSug nq|=iuh n,lrkqfha Bkshdia;@SjdoSka3 woyialrkmrsos wka whf.a ksoyiiSudlsrSfuz mgqBrAIHd iy.; fpz;kfjka fkdj Bgjvd mqZM,a .eUqre wrA:hlska f,djfoi n,knejsks'

we;euz ngysr .@J: l;jrshka rpkhlrwe;s .@J:hkays iZoykajk mrsos nq|=kajykafia ia;@Skag oafjzIlr fyda ia;@shfoi mgqpska;khlska n,dlghq;lrfkdue;'jrAudkfhys WodjS we;s jsIudpdrS ;;ajhka tod nq|= kqjKska oek jskh YsCIdmo mekjSfuysoS;a"NsCIQkag ldka;djka jsIfhys lghq; lrkdldrh oelajSfuzysoS;a ia;@shi; ukqIHFjh .relr i<ldwe;'

fuhg iudka;rj iajdusmqreIhd jsiska ;u nsrsZog wu;rj fjk;aldka;djka ksoyfia weiqre lsrSu4 iudc frda. fjz.fhka jHdma;jSu flfrA iDcqju odhlFjhla iemhhs'jsfYaIfhkau kS;s jsfrdaOsj jsjsO rgj,ska ixl@uKhjk ixpdrl jsfoaYSh l;ka udrA.fhka furg;, lsis|= m@;slrAuh la rys; udrdka;sl ,sx.dY@s; frda. jsYd, f,i jHdma;jSfuys wjodkula mj;S fiajdWiijSuz fjk;a idudcSh yd wrA:sl m@;s,dN ovuSudfldg .ksuska ish fiajdia:dkhkays ;uka hgf;a bkakd wirK ldka;djkayg whq;,sx.sl n,mEuz lsrSu5" ,sx.slFjhu fmroerslrf.k ;unsrsZou fyda fjk;a ldka;djka iuZ. lghq;lsrSu"oafjzIh ks.relsrSuz wjukaiy.; yeisrSuz;,ska ldka;dmCIhg ks.rejk fia lghq; lsrSu jeksfoa f;jeks YsCIdmoh hg;g .efkkakdjQ mqZM,a ldrKdfjz'6

ia;@shla hkq ish uj"fidhqrsh"oshKsh Z{d;s oshKsh jYfhka wdorfhka i,ld Tjqka wmyrKfh ka je<lshhq;h'jsfYaIfhkau Tjqka wirKjQ wjia:dj,oS ldreKsl f,i msysgjsh hq;af;a u; wmsrsiq|= n,dfmdfrd;a; iys;j fkdj th ukqIFjhg yd ud;DFjhg lrkakdjQ wjxl ie<lSula jYfhks' nq|=kajykafiao ish Y@djlhkag jod< YsCIdmohkays(wdkkao ysushka nq|=r|=kaf.ka ldka;dj ka jsIfhys NsCIQka l@shdlrkafka flfiaoehs jsuiQl< Bg ms<s;re jYfhka foaYkdlrk ,olreKq) ldka;djka jsIfhys by; iZoykal< wdldrfhka uj"fidhqrsh"oshKsh yd Z[d;s oshKshh hk yeZ.Sfuka .reFjhlska lghq; l<hq; nj fmkajdoS ;sfnz'

fuz ;;ajhkaf.ka je<lS ukqIHOrAu .relruska lghq;lsrSu nq|=iuh miihs'i;Hoek .ekSfuz wkqka i; whs;shg .re lsrSu hym;aukqIHOrAuhls'7fuzhgf;a wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu;a i;Hjpk l:dlsrSu;a ukqIHjh.relrk W;uzukqIHhkaf.a i;amqreI pdrs;@hls'wi;H jpkfhka je<lSu fukau wjYHjsgoS i;Hh fkdmjid uqidj biau;jk mrsos ksyZvj isgSuo jrols'th jl@dldrfhka wi;Hh ch.ekSug ksyZvu Wojz oSula f,i nq|=iuh i<lhs'NsCIQka jykafia,dg foaYkdlrk,o jskh YsCIdmo;< fuz ms<snZoj b;djsYd, meyeos,slsrSuz wka;rA.;h'tfia wi;Hh ch .ekSug WojzjSuhkq wkHhkaf.a i;Hh oek.ekSfuz we;s whs;shg ks.relsrSula fjz'

1 oshKsh fmr mdie,g wer,jd uj ;ykuz .fya f.vsld,d"fikr;a nKavdr l,fialr"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"25 '03' 2005" 3 msgqj' 2 kqU kdvka foajodi" uq;`uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 3 lsisu ia;@Sjdosfhl`g mjq,la kE"wkq, o is,ajd"uxi,"oskusK wZ.yrejdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u" fld<U" 22 '03' 2005" 25 msgqj' 4 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"isZMusK brsod"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 5 ia;@S mqreI iudc Ndjh yd mjq,"tuz'cS'ukqr;ak"wdrsh m@ldYkfhda"jrldfmd<"2004"77-96 msgq' 6 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03 '2005"17 msgqj' 7 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a."ld,duiq;a;"nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq k uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;sk uqid NK;s

;udg bgql< fkdyels foa fmdfrdka|=jSu;a bgql<yelsfoa nershlshd bgqfkdlryerSu;a tlfia fndrejg wh;afjz'tfiau w;S;fhka yd wkd.;fhka ix.@ylsrSuo fndrefjzu ;j;awx.fhda fjhs'fkdokakdfoa okakd f,i weZ.jSu fukau"okakdfoa fkdokakdf,i weZ.jSuo fndrejgu wh;ah'luzue,slu ksid fyda ;ukag bka lsis|= m@;s,dNhla fkdie,fik ksid fyda jD;a;Suh jYfhka we;sjkakdjQ lems,s flgs,s ksid fyda foaYmd,k n,mEuzksid fyda huzhuz jsIh fCI;@hkays jsIh jsfYaIZ{hska mjd ;uka W.;a jsIhoekquska wkHhkag fiajhla lsrSug bvm@ia;djkdj ,enQk;a tfia fkdlrisgskq olakg ,efnz'fujeks iS;, nqoaOsu;ka fndfydajsg jsoaj;a iudch;< olakg ,efnz';uka Wiia wOHdmkh ,enqfjz wysxil fmd|=ck;djf.a n|=uqo,an,ska njb;d f,aisfhka Tjqyq wu;lfldg ou;s';ukaf.a jsfYaIZ{ oekqu ms<snZoj fukau tu oekqfuka fiajh ,enSug whs;sjdisluz we;a;djQ idudkH fmd|= ck;dj ms<snZoj f.#rjfhka is;d lghq; lsrSug nq|=iufhka wkqn, fohs'

;uka Wmka rfgz ;ukaf.a ck;djg fiajh lsrSfuzoS by;iZoyka f,i uZ.yers fujeks fndfyda jsIh jsfYaIZ{hska jsfoaY rgj,g f.dia jsYd, jegqma"oSukd yd iudcSh m@;s,dN,nuska targj, oejeka; ixjO!k jHdmD;sj, kshuqjka yd WmfoaYljre fjuska jsfoaYrgj, oshqKqj flfrys lghq;lrkq olakg ,efnz'kuq;a gslfofkla uqo,g jvd ukqIHFjh .refldg l,amkdlr ;ukaf.a mQrAK yelshdj fhdojd furg oshqKqj lrdf.khuska isgs;s'ld,du iQ;@fha oelafjk mxpYS, m@;smodfjys i;rfjks wx.h jQ wi;HNdjfhka usoS usksiqkaf.a ukqIH whs;sjdisluz flfrys .refldg Tjqyq ls@hdlrkafkdah'

by; oelajqkq lrekq i;rflfrys muKla fkdj iEu hym;a ldrKhlau fmd|=fjz ukqIH j.!hdf.a hym; msKsi mj;skakdjQfoaf,i i,ld tajd.refldgl@shd lsrSug fiiq ukqIhhka fm<UjSuo Wodr .Khka f,i ie,fla'1ld,duiQ;@fha oelafjk mxpYS,m@;smodfjz miajk wx.hf,i ie,flkafka fuzldrKhhs'

oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ hym;a ps;a; ixl,amhka jO!kh lsrSu ;,ska .rel< hq; mqoa.,hkag yd jia;~kag .re lsrSu b;du hym;a lY, Ou! jO!kh jkakdjQ l@shdjla f,i ld,du iQ;@h fmkajd osh yelsh'

foaYkd(Lectures)

foaYkdkuz Ou!h foaYkdlsrSuhs'mqoa.,hdf.a mdmS wlY, .;ske;sfldg Tyq lY, mCIhg mqKH mCIhg fhduqlrjSu iZoyd uZ.fmkajSu lreKq lshdoSu Ou!foaYkd lsrSu;a is|=flfrA'ta ksid foaYkdj mqKHlu!hla yegshg iZoykafldg we;'fuu foaYkdjys mrudrA:h wkawho hym;g keUqrelrjSuhs' lY,ms<sfj;g weo.ekSuhs'fuz wrA:fhka ksjeros foaYkdj jkdyS lsis|= wOdk.@dyS ;;ajhkaf.aka je,lS lghq; lrkdldrh ms<snZo wjfndaOh wkawhg ,ndoSuhs'

ld,45ui Q;@fha js.@ylrkakdjQ oijeoEreuz pska;k ksoyi;,ska t<sfmfy,sjkqfha fuu pska;k ksoyi ms<snZo tys nq|=iufha uQ<slia:djrhhs'wkqka lshkq weiSfuka tu weiSuz ud;@fhka foaYkdlrkq ,nkdfoa flfrys jsYajdih fkd;enshhq;h hkak ld,duiQ;@fha oijeoEreuz pska;k ksoyi hgf;a fmkajdfokq,nk ksoyia pska;khl ;snshhq;jQ m<uq,CIKhhs'2 lshkakd flfia lSj;a wikakd isysnqoaOsfhka weishhq;nj ckjyfrA tk idudkH lshukhs'lshkq,nk mqoa.,hdf.a jsjsO mrudrA: ;snshyelshs'wjia:dj isoaOsh ovuSudfldgf.k wi;Hhm;rjkakg W;aiyorkjd jshyelshs'kQ;kfha we;euz ckudOH lghq;lrkdldrh foi ne,Qjsgo fuu lshuk I;Hhlaf,I fmfka'fun|= wjia:djl is|=lrkqq,nk foaYkd ksjeros fkdjknejska neyer lrk f,I nq|=r|=ka Wmfoia imhdoS ;sfnz'

ld,duiQ;@fhys ksoyiapska;khl ;snshhq;jQ fojeks ,CIKhkuz mruzmrdfjys wd muKska fkdms<s.ekSuhs'3 we;euzjsg mjik,o foaYkdj uqjska uqj fndfydawE; ld,hla;siafia jO!khfjuska wdm@jD;a;shla jsh yelshs'tf,I huzlsisjl I;Hdwi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuz idOlhlaf,I uqjskauqj fnfydald,hla mej;tuska ;snSuu idOlhlaf,I f.k thg jvd

1 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;smruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzkud wkqiaifjzk 3 tu ud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdhud mruzmrdh

idOkShjQ wfklalreKq neyer lrkafka kuz tn|= ks.uk nqoaOsu;a tajd fkdjknj m<uqjrg fmkajd|=kafka nq|=r|=kah'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o mrsos huzlsis foaYkdjla h:drA:jdoS jSugkuz tu foaYkdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj jsoHudkjshhq;jQ ;kajk ,CIKhf,I olajd we;af;a fuh fufiajshyelshhs hkqfjka ms<sfkd.ekSuhs'1 nyq,j wikolsk foh u;lh;, ;ekam;ajkjd hkufkdajsoHdkQl~, ;rAlkh ;ukaf.a jdishg fhdod .kakd ,o fj<Zo oekajSuzlrejka wusysrs wm@ikak hulajqjo ks;rks;r jsoHq;audOH yryd fmkajkakg W;aiql jkafka fuzjd fufiajshyelshhs hkWml,amkh flaJ|@fldgf.k ;upska;kh iSudfkdgf.k fjfikakdjQ nyq;r wufkdaZ{ fm@aCIlhka b,lalfldgf.kh'fuu|=n,;djhms,snZo wjOsu;aj fjfikakka hula fufiajshyelshdjwe;ehs Wml,amkhfldg foaYkdjl I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuka je<lsh hq;h'

huzlsis foaYkdjla h:drA:jdoS jSugkuz ;udf.a iuzm@odfhys we;a;djQ ,sLs; yd w,sLs; udOHhkaf.a ksrEms; foa iuZ. ieifoa lshdj;a ms<sfkd.;hq;nj ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk I;rjk ,CIKhhs'2 msgl iuzm@odh hkqfjka woyiaflfrkakfka fuhhs'fmd;am;aj, ,shdwe;s TzkEu fohla jspdrmQrAjl fkdjS I;Hhehs ndr.ekSu nqoaOsu;a Ndjfha ,CIKhfkdfjz'TzkEu foaYs; fohl I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKhlsrSfuz l@shdj,sfhys ,d th ;SrKd;aul idOlh lr.ekSu fkdiq|=iqh' pska;k l@shdj,sfhys,d ndOdldrSjk nejska nqoaOshg fuuZ.ska jeglanefZoa'

ld,duiQ;@fha olajk miajk ksrjoH foaYkdj jkqfha ;rAlhg .e<fmalshdtu foaYkdj ndrfkd.ekSuhs'3 ;rAlhg .e<fmkakdjQ TzkEufohla ksjerosfkdfjz'I;H h ;rAldkQl~,jqj;a ;rAlh tlum@udKhfldg ndr.ekSu fuuZ.ska m@;sfCIams;h'n@dyauK pska;kh fndfydafldg m@pdrhfldg yerSfuzoS m@pdrlWml@uhla f,I ;rAlh Ndjs;dfldg ;snsks'hd.hmsKsi iFj>d;kh is|=lsrSfuzoS >d;lhdg;a">d;kh lrkq,nk iFjhkag;a jsuqla;sh Wodjknj ;rAlh fhdodf.k fmkajdoS ;snsks'kuq;a jrA;udkfhys wd.uzfNaohlska f;drj fuu l@shdj krlfohlanj TzkEu flfkl ms<s.kshs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk mrsos ksrjoHfoaYkdjl ihjk ,CIKh jkqfha tu foaYkdj kHdhg wkql~, hhs lshd fkdms<s.ekSuhs'4kHdhla hkq huzlsis Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhls'huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hla ms<snZo .fjzIKh fldg ,nd.kakd,of;dr;re fulS Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uh f.dvkZ.d.ekSu msKsi WmldrSlr.kshs' l,ska l,g ,nd .kakd f;dr;rej, m@idrKh;a iuZ.u Ydia;@Sh jsOsl@uhkays kHdhd;aul moku ks;ru jsp,khkag Ndckhfjhs'tnZ|= jsp,khkag NdckhjkakdjQ kHdhd;aul mokula foaYkdjl i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lSrSfuys,d ;SrKd;aul idOlh lr.ekSu wkqjKldrS nejska nq|=iuh th neyer lrhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajkmrsos ksrjoHfoaYkdjl I;ajk ,CIKh jkqfha tu foaYkdfjka lshfjkakdjQ ldrKh hym;ahehs l,amkdlsrSfuka muKla fkdms,s.ekSuhs'5ixl,amkdjkag f.daprjkakdjQ foa I;Hhka mrsndysrh'tnejska foaYs;hul I;Hdi;H;djh kSrAKh lsrSfuys,d ixl,amhka Ndjs;hg .ekSu m@Z{d f.dapr fkdjk nejz olajuska th neyerlsrSug WmfoiaoS ;sfnz'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl wgjk ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkqfha kqjKska ;SrKhfldg .kakd,o oDIaGshg iudkhehs ms,s.ekSfuka je<lSuhs'6oDIaGsh hkq udkisl oe,ls'nJOkhls'tnejska ishZM oDIaGSka odrAYksl mCIfhka h:drA:fhka wE;ajQ tajd fjhs'nq|=iufha js.@yjk iuzudosgzGsh fuu oDIaGs hkakg wh;afkdfjz'ishZM oDIaGs .@yK idjoHjQjla nj ms<sf.k"tu oDIaGSka ukiska bj;alsrSu msKsi l@udkQl~, m@dfhda.sl jevms<sfj

1 tu' 337-343 msgq udududud b;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdhb;slsrdh 2 tu' ud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkakud msgl iuzmodfkak 3 tu ud ;lalfya;`ud ;lalfya;`ud ;lalfya;`ud ;lalfya; 4 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;`ud kh fya;` 5 tu ud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflakud wdldr mrsjslaflak 6 tu' ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd ud osgzGs nscACOdklaLka;shd

<l kshqla; jkakd iuzudosGsfhka hq;;eke;a;d f,I nq|=iuh yZ|=kajhs'tnejska fuysoS oDIaGs hkqfjka olajk ,oafoa wkajdrAhfhkau Ydiaj; yd WpzfPAo oDIaGs flaJ|@lr.;a ishZMupska;k iuzm@odhhkah'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl kjkj ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkqfha foaYkdj mj;ajkakdjQ mqoa.,hd hym;a flfkls"tnejska tu mqoa.,hdf.a lSums<s.ekSu l<hq;nj I,ld fkd.ekSuhs'1mqoa., .reFjh Wvhul i;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh lsrSu b;du wkqjK l@shdjls'TzkEu fydZo mqoa.,fhlg jqjo jeros ;SrKj,g t,eUSfuz iuzNdjs;dj mj;S'uydmka:l uyry;kajykafia .sysl< Wkajykafiaf.au nd, ifydaorhdjQ pq,a,mka:lf;rekajykafia ishmkaif,kafkrmqfjz nKoyula yrsyegs bf.klshd.kakg ners fudavfhl jYfhka ;SrKhlsrSfuks'

kuq;a ta wjia:dj jkjsg uyry;a ;;ajhg muKla fkdj rEmdjpr OHdk,dNS uyry;ka jykafia,d w;r w.@;k;r ,nd wiQuy Y@djlhkaykafia,d w;rska tla kulajkakg ;ruz mqKH Yla;sh yd jdikd.Kh fudard ;snqKq pq,a,mka:l f;rekajykafiaf.a ienE;;ajh yeZosk ta ;;ajhg meusKSu msKsi Wkajykafiag Wmldrlrkq ,enqfjz nq|=rcdKkajykafia muKs'

jrA;udk iudcfhys mjd wmw;r fujeks pq,a,mka:l f;rekajykafia,d jeks wh fldf;la isgSo$kuq;a wjdikdjg tawh yeZoskf.k msysgjSug ;:d.;hkajykafia woke;'Wkajykafia msrsksjka md jodrd we;s nejsks'taksid kej;jrla tnZ|= W;a;uYdia;Dkajykafiakul my<jkf;la wmw;r bkakd pq,a,mka:l f:rekajykafia,d iifrys wfkaljsO |=laluzlfgd,qj,g uqyqKmduska wirKj ysZos;s'

NsCIqixia:dj;< nq|=r|=ka meKjQ jskhYsCIdmoj,g jvd mqoa.,sl .Kj;aNdjh wkqj ;SrKh .ekSula olakg fkd,efnkafka fuzksidh'jskhYsCIdmo mkjd we;af;a nq|=rcdKka jykafiah' Wkajykafia w;ska lsis|= wdldrhl w.;shla lsisosfkl is|=fkdfjz'W;a;rS;r udkqIsl .Kou!jkdyS fm#oa.,sl .Kj;aluzh' NsCIqixia:dj ;, l@shd;auljk jskhkS;s moaO;sh fulS fm#oa.,sl .Kj;a Ndjh wnsnjd l@shd;auljkafka fm#oa.,slFjh mrojd iduQyslFjh biau;lsrSu;,ska muKlau mqoa., jsuqla;s idOkh;a,iudc jsuqla;s idOkh;a hk folu ,enshyelsnejsks'

ksrjoH foaYkdjl ;snqhhq;jQ oijk ,CIKhf,I ld,duiQ;@h olajkafka ;ukaf.a wdpdrAh jrhdf.a foaYkdjla jYfhka I,ldfyda tmuKlska iEySulgm;ajS tu lreKu idOlh jYfhkaf.k tu foaYkd fjys I;Hdi;H;djh ;SrKh fkdlsrSuhs'2we;euzyq fuu ldrKh ishZM Ydia;Djrekag fmd|=jYfhka f.k tuf.dvg nq|=r|=kao we;,;alr;ss'fndfyda iQ;@foaYkdj,oS nq|=r|=ka ;ukajykafiag mrAhdh jYfhka OrAu jskh fol yd mgspzp iuqmamdo OrAuh olajknejska fuysoS nq|=r|=ka mqoa.,Fjfhka .ekSu neyerfldg by; iZoyka wdldrhg Wkajykafia fjkqjg Ndjs;dlrk,o mrAhdh mowkqj i<ldn,f;d;a flfkla fuz f.dvg nq|=r|=ka we;,;al<;a bka jsjrKh jkakdjQ lreK I;Hjknj fmfka'tawkqj huzlsis foaYkdjla OrAujskh folg yd mgspzpiuqmamdohg tlZ.jkafkakuz tlSfoaYkdj hym;a tllaf,I ms,s.ekSfuz lsis|= .egZMjla we;sfkdfjz'

iq;s(Audibility)

iq;skuz Y@jKhhs'mqoa.,fhlg f,#lsljYfhka fyda f,daflda;a;rjYfhka oshqKqj lrdhdug fuh w;HdjYHhs'wd,jl iQ;@fhaoS“iqiaiqf;a ,Nf;a mZ[aZ[d”hkqfjka iZoykafldg we;af;a fuz ‘iq;sh’ ms<snZojhs' ‘iq;sfhka’f;drj wmg hula oek.ekSu W.ygh' tuksid ksj!dK.duS m@;smodfjzoS mrf;daf>daIh wjYHnj iZoykalrwe;' iq; .Kh fhdksfidaukisldrh;a iuZ. tlg l@shd;auljsh hq;njg iZoykafjz'

uSg by; foaYkd fldgfiysoS jsia;rlrk,o oijsO jQ pska;kuh wOsldrhka j,ska f;drjQ foaYkd Y@jKh lsrSu ld,47ui Q;@h wkqj ksrjoHnj meyeos,sfjz'

1 tu ud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dhud NnznrEm;dh 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h" uydj.a." ld,duiq;a;" nq' c' uq' 337-343 msgq ' ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;ud iufKda fkda .rE;s

wjsysxidj (Non Violence)

>d;khlsrSu mSvdlsrSu keiSu hk w:! /.;a‘ykykykyk a’Od;fjka iEfokksid ysxidhk jpkhg kIaprA h jdpS‘wd’‘wd’‘wd’‘wd’m@;H tl;lsrSfuka wysxidhkjpkh idodf.kwe;'by;lS >d;kh lsrSuz mSvdlsrSuz jeksl@shdjkaf.ka je,lSisgSu hkf;areu‘wysxid’hkafkys .enzjS ;sfnz'

සාරධ�ම wrA:fhka wysxidj i,lkjsg l|=uy;a im@dKsl cSjSkag ysxidmSvd fkdlsrSuhs' Ndr;Sh oY!k iuzm@odh;< wdpdrjsoHd;aul m@Z{ma;shlajQ‘wysxidj’mru Ou!half,i ie,lks'‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda‘wysxid mrfuda Ou!%Ou!%Ou!%Ou!%’wysxid Ou!h nsysjQfha;a fnfyjska jHdma;jQfha;a Ndr;fhysh fuuOu!h Ndr;Sh oY!kb;sydi fha jsjsO odrAYkslhka jsiska jsjsO iSudjka;< js.@yl< nj fmfka'

wysxid m@Z{ma;sh ysJ|+kag ffckhkag yd fn#oaOhkag fmd|=fjz b.ekajSulajqjo tu Ou!hkays fuu b.ekajSu n,mj;akd wdldrhjsjsOh'ffjosliuzm@odhg wh;a ysJ|= idys;Hfhka wysxid Ou!h kka whqrska oela jqjo Ndr;foaYfhys wdhH!hkaf.a wdosu idys;H lD;shjQ iD.afjzofhys;a fuu m@Z{ma;sh ms<snZoj jsfYaI yeZ.Sula mej;snjla fkdfmfka'

ffjosl ckhd igkalduS ck;djlajQ fyhska bJ|= w.aksjeks fojsjrekag iFjns,smQcd wdosfhka hd.mjFjd f,#lsl iemiuzm;a yd mrf,dal iq.;sho me;nj fmfka'n@dyauKhq.fhaoS wysxidOu!h wd.usl cSjs;hg msjsiSu msKsijQ m@Odk iodpdrd;aul m@Z{ma;shla fkdjSh'tfy;a WmksIoa hq.fhaoS fjzo yd n@dyauKhq.hkays hd.hg m@uqLia:dkh fouska fkdfhla fojsjrekaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;jQ bIaGM,.ek yeZ.Sula fkdue;sj wdOHd;ausljQ ps;a; ikaa;dk.; mdrsYoaOsh uq,afldg .;a wdOHd;ausl jsoHdj flfrys is;afhduqlrknj olajkq ,efnz'

pdfJoda.H WmksIofhys wysxidj h;sjrfhl;< we;slr.;hq; OrAumylska tllayegshg olajd ;sfnz' tfia iZoykal<;a WmkaIoa idys;Hfhka ffjosl hd. fydau uqZMukskau m@;sfCIm lf<ahehs lsjfkdyelsh' ffjosl iuzm@odh;< hd. mQcdjkaysoS flfrk iFjysxidj jeksl@shdjka wysxid Ou!hg m@;smCIfiau iDcqju tanejz iZoyka fldgo ke;'

ffck yd fn#oaO b.ekajSuzj, n,mEu fyaa;fldgf.k‘ukqiauD;s N.j;a.S;d uydNdr;’wdoS .@J:hkays wysxidj mqoa.,fhl;< jO!khlr.;hq; jsYsIaG.Khla f,i olajdwe;' tfy;a ukqiauD;s jeks.@J:j, ‘mS;D‘mS;D‘mS;D‘mS;D’yd‘foaj;d’foaj;d’foaj;d’foaj;d’hZ{j,oS i;ka uerSug bvoS ;sfnz' uydn@yauhdjsiska iFjhka hd.hiZoydu ujk,o fyhska ffjosl hd.h iZoyd flfrk jOnJOkhka jOhla fkdjknj iZoyka lrhs'

ukqiauD;shg wkqj wd;audrCIdj iZoyd wkqka >d;khlsrSu jrola fyda mdmhlafkdfjz' huzmqoa., fhl wOdrAuslfjzkuz Tyq flnZ|= ;rd;srulg wh;ajqj;a >d;kh lsrSu jrola fkdfjz' ukqiauD;shg wkqj udxi NCIKh mdmhls' hfula uiawkqNj lrkafkakuz Tq m@dKjOhg iuznCOjQfjl njg m;a fjz.flfiafj;;a hd.mQcdwdoshgi;ka>d;khlsrSu ysxill@shdjlafia idudkHfhka n@dyauKOu!h ;< ms,sfkd.kakd ksid Tjqka;< mj;skafka wO! wjsysxidjdohlanj fmfka'

ffckhka jsiska wkqolakd,o wjsysxid Ou!h wka;.duSFjh lrdhkakls' ffck.sys mejsos fomdrAYj hjsiskau wjsysxidj YsCIdmohlafia iudokajshhq;h' tahgf;a w;sjsYd, m@dKshdf.a isg b;d CIq|@ m@dKshdolajd ishZMu m@dKSkajsIfhys wjsysxid ixl,amkdj jO!khl<hq;w;r th m@dfhda.slnjgo m;al<hq;h tmuKlafkdj taflaJ|@shm@dKSka yegshg i,ld.;a .iafld<ka ;Kfld< wdosh mjdlemSfuka fjkajSu mru wjsysxidfjz ,CIKhla yegshg i,ldwe;'

yqiau .ekSfuzoS mjd CIq|@cSjSka wdYajdi flfrkksid Tjqka usshhdug bvwe; tnejska uqLjdvula kshufldg we;' wysxidOu!hw;ska ffckhkafuka wka;hg fkd.sh fn#oaOhskajsiska jDCI,;dosh m@dKSkayegshg ie,lKqnjfkdfmfka'tfy;a ffckhkaf.a n,mEuksid nq|=rcdKkajykafia jDCI,;d iuznJOfhka NsCIQkag huz huz jskhkS;s mKjd ;sfnknj ie,ls,a,g .;hq;h'

Wmiuzmod NsCIQkag uQ,nSc lJonSc lZMnSc w.a.nSc nScnSc hk miajeoEreuz nSchka isZoSu;a isZo jSu;a ;ykuzfldg we;' fuz kS;sh meKjQfha m@dKSkag ysxidfj;ehs hkwoyiskahehs is;sh fkd yels h' tysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia NsCIQkag fodIdfrdamKh lrkqfha‘cSj iZCcsfkda ys cSj iZCcsfkda ys cSj iZCcsfkda ys cSj iZCcsfkda ys fuda>mqrsifuda>mqrsifuda>mqrsifuda>mqrsi ukqiaidukqiaidukqiaidukqiaid relaLiai’relaLiai’relaLiai’relaLiai’ hkqfjks'nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska m@dKSkayegshg i,lk,oafoa ifpz;kjQ m@dKSka muKla nejz jskh uydj.a.fhays m<uqfjks LJOlfhatk i;r wlrKSh Ou!hkaf.kao fmfka'

‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da‘Wmiuzmkafkak NslaLqkd ixps;a;mdkd cSjs;dk f.dafrdafma;nzfnda wx;ufhd l`x; lsms,a,f;da WmdodhWmdodhWmdodhWmdodh’ w;sYh CIq|@m@dKsfhlg mjd ysxidlsrSu NsCIQkag ;ykuznj jskh msglfha iZoyka f;dr;re j,ska ikd:fjz' m@dKSkaiys;c,h mdklsrSu ;ykuzlr ;snSu ta iZoyd WodyrKh fjz'

fn#oaOhka |=lajsmdl f.kfok ysxidjlafia ie,lfjz fpz;kdfjka flfrk ysxid muKls' fn#oaOfhda fpz;kdjg uq,a;ekfouska ffckhkafuka ndysrjQ l@shdmuKla fkdi,ld wdpdrjsoHd;aul jQ m@Z{ma;Ska ufkdajsoHd;aul mokulau; msysgd js.@yl<y' ffckfhda wysxid Ou!h l@shd;aul l< yels iSudo blaujd wka;hg .shy' fn#oaOoY!khgwkqj m@dKjOh wlY,hlajkafka wlY, ffp;islhla jQ oafjzIh Bg mqfrda.duSjk fyhsks'

fn#oaOfhda wysxid Ou!fhys wNdj mCIhmuKla fkdj tys NdjmCIh .eko i,luska ishZMu m@dKSka flfrys jOysxidjka lsrSfuka je,flk w;r ys;dkqluz mSj ffu;@Sis;ska m@dKSkajsIfhys l@shdlhq; njo olaj;s' iduZ[aZ[M, iQ;@fhys ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da ‘mdKd;smd;x mydh mdkd;smd;d mgsjsrf;da fyda;s ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms fyda;s ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms fyda;s ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms fyda;s ksySk oKafvda ksySk i;af;da ,cAcS ohdmZ[afZ[da inznmdKd N~;ys;dkqluzms jsyr;jsyr;jsyr;jsyr;s’hkqfjka iZoyka fldg we;'fufia ysxidfjka fjkaj jdihlrk w;r mrudrA: idOljQ ud.!hlajYfhka ps;a; Ndjkd jg wod<jk oiosidfjysu jdih lrk l|=uy;a ;djr ishZMu m@dKSkag ffu;@S l<hq;nj fu;a; iQ;@fha iZoykalrhs'

udxi NCIKh ms<snZoj nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;alrk woyia ysJ|+ka yd ffckhka olajk woyia yd iudk fkdfjz';@sfldgsl mdrsYoaOjQ (wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx)(wosgzGx wiq;x wmrsix;slx) udxih wkqNj lsrSu fn#oaO NsCIqj wysxid Ou!h lvlrkafklhehs fpdaokd,enSug fya;fkdjknj ucACOsuksldfha cSjl iQ;@fha oelafjz'mqoa.,fhlf.a YoaOsh wdydrfhka fkd,enshyelsh' mdrsYoaOsh ndysrj@; iudodkfhka muKla,enshyelaflao fkdfjz' ika;dk.;j mj;akd wNHka;r laf,aYhka m@ydKhlsrSuwjYHhs' ffjrSj oafjzIiy.;j ljrwkaoulfyda ysxidjla is|=lsrSu fn#oaOfhda wkqu; lrkafka ke;'

hqoaOfhaoS lrk ysxidj .ek nq|=rcdKajykafiaf.a b.ekajSu yska|+kaf.a N.j;a.S;dfjz oelafjk u;hg bZ|=rdfjkiah'mQj!dpdhH! m@dpdhH!jQ fhdaOdcSjn@dyauKhka jsiska ix.@dufhysoS ushhk fhdaOhka ‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’‘irxcs;’ kuzfojsZ|=kaf.a iyjH;djhg m;afj;ehs oerEu;h nq|=rcdKajykafia jsiska m@;sfCImlrkq ,enSh'

ix.@dufhysfhfokakdf.a ys; ySkjQ oafjzIfhys yd ffjrS fpz;kdfjys msysgsfhysh iajlSh i;frda kefiFjd usfhFjd hk oafjzI iy.; fpz;kdjTyq;<n, mj;ajhs'ta ksid ix.@dufhys ush hk fhdaOhd ‘ixZ[acs;kuz’fojzf,dj fkdj tkuz ksrfhys Wm;,nknj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jodr;s'

wi;amqreIfhda mjd oukhl<hq;af;a oKavkfhka yd jOnJOkfhka fkdj lreKdffu;@S n,fhka nj wx.,sud, iQ;@fhys oelafjz'nq|=oyu wjsysxid ixlmamh mru W;alDIaGhg ms<s.kakd njg lsisu ielhla ke;' yqfola ixl,ahla jYfhkafkdj m@dfhda.sl cSjs;fhaoS th iuzmQrAKfhka l@sh;aul lsrSug l@shdl<hq;nj wjOdrKh lrhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha fjzZMoajdr iQ;@fhys mqoa.,fhla m@dK>d;d osfhka fjkajS wjsysxidj l@shd;aul l<hq;af;a wehsohkak meyeos,sfldg we;'th kuzfldg we;af;a ‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh‘w;a;`mkdhl Ou!mrshdh’hkkusks'

.Dym;sh w;a;~mkdhsl Ou!mrshdh ljfrAoh;a wdhH! Y@djlf;fuz fufiakqjKska i,ld n,hs'uu jkdyS cSj;afjkq leue;af;us'iemleue;af;us'|=lg ms<sl,alrk ud osjsfhka f;drlrkafka kuz th ug m@shukdm fkdjkafkah'ugo cSj;afjkqleu;s fkduefrkq leu;s |=l ms<sl,alrk furud osjsfhka f;drlrkafkakuz"th ug m@sh ukdm fkdjkafkah'ugo cSj;afjkqleu;s fkduefrkqleu;s iemleu;s |=l ms<sl,alrk furud osjsfhka f;drlrkafkakuz"furudygo wm@shwukdm jkafkah'

fufia i,luska wdhH!Y@djl f;fuz m@dK>d;fhka je,lfkafjhs'thskaje,lSfuz .Klshhs'wkawho tys iudokalrjhs'fuz wkaoug Tyqf.a ldhixjrh uekjska msrsis|=jQfhafjhs'fuu fjzZMoajdriQ;@ b.ekajSuz;< lreKd ffu;@S ixl,amfolu m@dfhda.slFjhg m;ajk wkaou olakg ,efnz'

wNsOu!fhys‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’‘wmamuZ[aZ[d’kuska yZ|=kajkqfha fuu ffp;isl folhs'tfia iZoyka lrkafka usksid w;r fldgia jYfhka i<ld fyda usksid ;srsikd hkqfjka m@dKSka fjkalr .ekSfuka fyda iSudjka we;slr fkdf.k m@udKlsrSfuka f;drj jO!kh l<hq; W;uz Ou! folla ksidh' fu;a; iQ;@fhaoS;a ‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’‘udk ixNdjfha wmrsudkx’hkqfjka iZoyka fldg we;af;a thhs.

fuz wkqj nq|=iufhys wjsysxid ixl,amh wksla ishZMu wd.uz oY!kj,g jvd Wiia f,i ms<s.ksuska th m@dfhda.slFjhg keZ.shhq; Ou!hla fia wjOdrKhlr ;sfnknj m@lgfjz'ld,du iQ;@fhys jsia;r lr ;sfnkakdjQ i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjka jevSfuysoS m@.Kjkqfha fulS wjsysxid ixl,amhhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a wdl,am ksjeros lr.ekSug;a ksjeros wdl,am ;<ska fuf,dj jik lsis|= m@dKsfhlg w.;s.duS fkdjk whqrska wjsysxidjdoS සාරධ�මh iq/flk mrsos ;u osjs meje;au ilialr .ekSug;a wjldY ,efnz'fuz hgf;a ysxidjdofhka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd;a wysxil nj ;ud;< we;slrjd .ekSu iZoyd;a huzhuz uQ< Ou!jdoS u;jdo jeks foa ;oska .@yKhlr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

wmamspzP;d(Moderate / Ascctisism)

mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; cSjs;h ksrjq,aj mj;ajdf.khdug fnfyjska Wmldrjk සාරධ�ම yegshg ‘wwwwmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;dmamspzP;d ika;`gzGs;d’foloelafjz’fuys idudkH ir,woyi iaj,amhlska i;gqjSu iaj,amhla leu;sjSu hkakhs'NsCIQkajykafia,d iuznJOfhka .ekSfuzoS wmamspzP;djkai;rla.ek iZoykafldgwe;'’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfPda '’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfPda '’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfPda '’wmmspzPdid;s tF: mpzph wmamspzfPda wOs.uwmamspzfPda mrshka;s wmamspzfPda Oq;dx.Oq;dx.Oq;dx.Oq;dx. wwwwmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrdmamspzfPda;s p;a;dfrd wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’wmamspzPd'’

fuys iZoykalrk wmamspzP;di;r jsfYaIfhka olajd;sfnkafka NsCIQkajykafiaiuznJOfhks' fuzjd fya; fldgf.k NsCIqj m@;H,dNhiZoyd fhduqjSulafkdl<hq; nj fuhska wjOdrKh lrhs' m@;H,dNh iZoyd l@shdlrkafkakuz Tyq wmamspzP;d .Kfhka hq;aflfkl fkdj ‘uyspzP;djfhka’ hqla;jQfjl njg m;afjz'

w,fmapzP;djh ms<snZoj .sysfhlg Wps; l@shdudrA.h mxpYS,m@;smodj;< wvx.fjz'mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuz YsCIdmoh;< iFj>d;kh muKlafkdj iFjysxikh yd iFjysxidjg rel,afokakdjQ l@shdj,ska je<lSu wdoS b;dmqZM,a mrdihla wka;rA.;h'fujeks cSjs;hla .;lrkakd ksr;reju ;ukalrkakdjQ wmrdOldrS yd ysxiksl l@shdj,g f.d|=rejQjkafj;ska ;ukag wk.;fhysoS we;sjshyelaldjQ wkrA:ldrS n,mEums<snZoj is;uska oevsudkisl mSvkhlskahq;j ld,h.;lrkafka fjhs';u cSjs;h ms,snZoj nshlska lghq;lrkakg jSuksid ksrka;rfhka idudkH mqoa.,fhlg jvd wdrCIdldrSf,i l,a.;lrkakg is|=fjz'

;ud isgsk ia:dkh oevs wdrCIdldrS jgdmsgdjlska wuq;fjkau ilialsrSug is|=jSu"wdrCIdjg msrsian,h fhojSug is|=jSu"ksrka;rfhkau m@n,mqoa.,hkaf.a msysg yd wdrCIdj m;d Tjqkag ksrka;rfhka Okh,nd osh hq;jSu"hkdoS jYfhka tlsfkl wE|=kdjQ uy;a lror fmryerlg uqyqKoSug mrmK keiSfuz fhfokakd jQ mqoa.,hdg is|=fjz'tjsg w,afmapzP f,i fkdj ufypzP;djfhka hq;j cSj;ajSug Tyqg is|=fjz'

wfklaw;g mrmK keiSfuka j<lskakdjQ mqoa.,hdg fuz wuq;fjka we;slr.kakdjQ lror ysrsyer lsisjla fkdfjz'Tyqg wjYHjkqfha cSjsfhlg cSjs;h mj;ajdf.k hduiZoyd wjYHlrkakdjQ uQ<sl wjYH;d fia ie<flk wdydr"b|=uzysgquz"fnfy;a"jia;@ jeks ir<foa muKs'Tyqf.a cSjs;h w,afmapzPh'ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka jsYd, udkisl iykhla funZ|= mqoa.,hd Nla;sjsZoS'tu udkisl iykh flfklg ufypzP;djfhka hq;j cSj;ajSfuka ,nd.;

fkdyel'uqo,a jehlr,nd .; fkdyels i;gla ieye,a,q meje;afuka hq; mqoa.,hd w;ajsoshs'fuz wdldrfhka mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfuka w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;jjdih lsrSfuz bvia;djkdj mqoa.,hdg ,efnz'

mxpYS, YsCIdfjz fojeks wx.hjQ fidrluska je<lSu uZ.ska wkHhkai; fom< wdrCIdjSu is|=fjz'fuz YsCIdmoho b;dmqZM,a ixorANhla;< l@shd;auljkakls'fuzhgf;a ;ukag wh;afkdjkakdjQ ysusluz lukd ldrhlska fyda jxpksll@u Ndjs;dlr,nd.ekSuo fidrlu hg;g .efka'fuz hgf;a ksishdldrj Y@uh je.srSulska f;drj ,nd.kakd wdrA:sl yd iudcSh m@;s,dNmjd fidrluska ,nd.kakd,o foaf,i ie,fla'

jegqma yd fjz;k"uQ,H yd idudcslm@;s,dN"ksiswdldrfhka wOHhk lghq;is|=fkdlr fjfyi uykais jSulska f;drj uq,Hn,h yd foaYmd,kn,h ksid whq;f,i ,nd.kakd kuznqkdu iuzudk wdpdrAhWmdOs jeksfoa mjd fidrluhg;g .efka.fufiajkafka idOdrKf,i fuzjd Wmhd.ekSug kuz osjdrd;@S ksosjruska fjfyfiuska Y@uh j.rejuska b;d|=lfia mrAfhaIK ksnJOk rpkdlruska oEf;a weZ.s,s f.fjkf;la tajd ghsmalruska fndfydafia |=lajsZoshhq;` w;r";jflfkl tnZ|= lsis|= fjfyilska f;drj wh:dudrA.fhka ,nd.ekSuksidhs';udl<djQ huzlsis WodrldhH!hlafjkqfjka ;udf.a lsis|= ueosy;ajSulska f;drj ,nd fokakdjQ by;lS foaj,a fuzhg;gfkd.efkkafka tajd m@odkhlsrSu iZoyd wruqKqjQfya;j tamqoa.,hdis|= l<djQ huzlsisWodrldrAhla fjkqfjka" huzlsis wOHhklghq;a;l fjfyiuykaisjS ksr;jQ wdldrhgu Y@uhj.rjd lghq;lr ;sfnknejsks'

by;lS wdldrhg huzlsis mqoa.,fhl wh:dl@uuZ.ska uQ,H yd wfkl;a m@;s,dN /ialrkafkakuz"ta msKsi lsishuz fohla wdmiqiudchfj; Y@uh jYfhka ;s,sk fkdlrkafkakuz iudc iunr;djh nsZoShhs'iudch ksis whqrska ixjsOdkd;aul wdldrfhka l@shd;aul jkafka fuu iudciunr;djh wdrCIdjk;re muKs' huzfyhlska iudciunr;djh nsZoS.shfyd;a iudcfha fjfikakdjQ m@cdjg b;doreKq jsmdlj,g uqyqK mEug is|=fjz'

fome;a;gu iunrj fnoShd hq;jQ fohla tlame;a;lg muKla .,dhhskuz ta lrKfldgf.k th ,enshhq;jQ mCIh oevsf,i mSvjg m;afjz';;ajh os.skaos.gu fuf,i jqjfyd;a iudchdka;@Kh huzlsis mqmqrdhdulg ,lajshyel' wiykh" wmrdO" md;d,h" uskSuereuz" oreKq.Kfha l@shd fuzjdfha m@;sM,fjhs'

fidrlu fya;fjka /ialr.kakd,o w;srsla; iuzm;a fya;fldgf.k mqoa.,hdf.a uyspzP;djh wOsljk w;r th ienjskau ,enshh;jQ mqoa.,hkag thfkd,enShdfuz jgdmsgdjla m@;sksu!dKhjSu fya;fldgf.k iuzm;aawh;afldgf.k uyspzP;djfhka hq;j lghq;lrkakka fj; meyer.ekSfuz hdka;@khlaf,i th t,a, fjz'fuzksid wmrdO kuska kuzlrkakdjQ ta meyer.ekSfuz hdka;@kh fuf,i wdruzNfjz'fuzksid kS;sfhka oZvqjuska fuzjdj,g ia:sridr jsiZ|=uz fidhkjdg jvd ;u;uka fm#oa.,slf,i lrkakdjQ kS;HkQl~, yd tfiafkdjk fidrluzj,ska je<lS lghq;lsrSu uZ.ska idrA:ljsi|=ula ,nd.;yel'taksid fidrluska je,lSu uZ.ska w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;j ;ukaf.a cSjs;h .;lsrSfuz yelshdj ,efnz'

mrodr weiqfrka fjkajSu;,skao mqoa.,fhlyg w,afmapzP;djh m@.KlsrSug bvm@ia;dj ie,fia. mrodrweiqr ;j;afndfyda iudcSh jsm;aj,g uZ.fy,slrkakdjQ fohls';u;ukaf.a iudc;;ajh fuuZ.ska ySk lr,hs'iudcfhkao ;u nsrsZof.kao ieushdf.kao wmjdo weiSug is|=fjz.1fkdfhl;a lgl:dj,g ,lajSfjz.mrodrdjka ika;rAmKh lsrSug jehlsrSu msKsi Wmfhda.S lr.kakdjQ iudcSh yd wdrA:slm@;s,dN jevsjevsfhka wh:dl@uNdjs;fhka wkqka iQrdlEu uZ.ska Wmhd.ekSug fyda meyer.ekSug is|=jSu ksid uyspzP;djh yg.kS'

mrodr weiqrmsKsi ,nd.kakd mqoa.,hka yd Tjqkaf.a Z{d;Skaf.ka t,a,jkakd jQ wys;lr mSvkh";udf.a whym;a l@shdldrluz fya;fjka jsYd,i;re msrsila we;sjSu yd Tjqkaksid ksrka;rfhkau w;sjkakdjQ udkisl mSvkh;a hk lreKqj,g uqyqKoSu msKsi Okh;a

1 ia;@S ,sx.sl whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng";s,skd jSrisxy"l;sld ixjdo irKsh"oskusK fikirdod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"19' 03 '2005 "7 msgqj'

msrsian,h;a foaYmd,kn,h;a ks,n,h;a f.dvkZ.d.ekSug wjYHjSu mqoa.,fhl;< uyspzP;djh we;slrjhs'1

jsjdy ixia:dj ;< mqreIfhlyg ia;@shlao"ia;@shlayg mqreIfhlao isgS'ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:dj ;< funZ|= w,afmpzP;djdoS meje;aula oel.;yel'kuq;a fuu ;;ajfhka Tnzng .ukalr;au mjq,a ixia:dj;< fujeks w,afmapzP;djdoS meje;aula oel.; fkdyel'2tla mqoa.,fhl` mqoa.,hka lSm fofkla iuZ. ,sx.sl weiqrla meje;ajSu fuu ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:dj w,afmapzP;djhka |=rialrkakla muKla fkdj iudcfrda. jHdma;sh flfryso m@n,jQ Wmia:uzNkhla ,ndfokakdjQ ldrKhlaf,i ie<fla'mjq,a ixia:dj;, fjfik orejkaf.a udkislfi#LH msrsyShdug o wkd.;fhys fuzksid Woa.;jkakdjQ iudcuh wrAnqohkag ;vqosh yelaldjQ .egZMj, flaka|@Sh idOlnsysjSugo fuh fya;jlafjz'

tuksid ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:djg we;ZMjqjo fkdjqjo mrodrfiajkfhka je<lSu uZ.ska w,afmpzP;d jfhka hq;j cSj;ajSfuz Nd.Hh Wodlr.; yel3'fuys ixjsOs; mjq,a ixia:djg we;ZMjqjo hkqfjka fhdok ,oafoa we;euzfokd fuzuZ.ska ,nkakdjQ idudcShiqrCIs;Ndjh mrodrfiajkfhys ksr;jSu msksi ;uka,nd .kakd ,on,m;@hla ke;skuz wjirm;@hlaf,iNdjs;dlrknejsks'mrodrfiajkfhka ,ensh yelaldjQ wksism@;sM, ;u ;ukaf.a jsjdyiylref.a .sKqug nerlryelsjSu jsjdy ixia:dj ;,ska Tjqkag ,efnkakdjQ jsfYaI jrm@ido hla f,i i<ldfudjqka lghq;lrkq olakg ,efnz'fuzuZ.ska ;ukaf.a wysxil nsrsZo fyda ieushd m;ajkakdjQ udkislmSvkh uekjska f;areuzf.k lghq;lsrSu hym;aiajdus oshKshl jYfhka nsrsZolf.a ldrAhNdrh jkw;r hym;a iajdusmqreIfhl jYfhka iajdushdf.a ldrAhNdrh wehj fydZoska f;areuzf.k tnZ|= wjia:d j,oS ;u orejka .ek is;d yels ;dla bjiSfuka lghq; lsrSuhsz.iajdusmqreIhdo tf,iu ;u nsrsZofkdblaujd" wehjsiska ;udg l<djQ fohg tlgtl lsrSuzjia fyda wh:diuznJOluz meje;ajSfuka je<lS lghq;lsrSu uZ.ska jsjdy ixia:dj;< w,afmapzP;djh mj;ajd.ekSug bvm@ia;djkdj ie<fia'4

mxpYS,m@;smodfjz i;rfjks wx.hf,i ie,flk uqidjdofhka je<lSuo w,afmapzP;djfhka hq;j cSj;ajSug wjYHlreKlafjz'uqidjdoh uZ.ska is|=jkqfha wkHhka mj;skakdjQ ienE;Fjh jk h:drA: fhka Tnzng f.k hduhs'h:drA:h mj;skakdjQ ienE;Fjh kuz ienEfjka Tnzfnys we;af;a lulao th h:drA:hg jvdjevs hula fyj;a w;srsla; hulajknj meyeos,sh'fuu w;srsla;;d .Kh;< .enzjkqfha ufypzP;djhhs'tkuz w,afmapzzP;djh jkqfha h:drA:h nejz meyeos,sh'

fuh ksoiqkla uZ.ska meyeos,s lr.; yelsh';udg ienjskau ke;a;djQ hula we;ehs lshkakd;< jsoHudk jkqfha ienjskau tu ;eke;a;dg fkdue;s hula h:drA:fhka neyerj ujd fmkajSuls'fuu ;;ajh Okh" iudc ;;ajh"W.;alu"ks,n,h fyda .Kj;alu jshyel'th i;Hhg jvd ks;ru w;srsla;hla fmkajk ksid ufypzP;djfhka hqla;hs'OHdk ud.!M, jeks W;a;rS;r ukqIHOu! ;udg we;ehs mjid tauZ.ska Wor fmdaIKh ,nkjdg jvd ;shqKq ie;lska Worhlmd.ekSu hym;anj jskh msglfhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg nq|=ysushka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz'

wfkla w;g ienjskau ;udg we;a;djQ hula fkdue;sf,i wZ.jdo bZ.sfhka fyda jpkfhka mjido tho i;Hhg W#kjQ hulajk nejska h:drA:fhka neyerjk nejska ufypzP;djh yg.ekajSug fya;jkakdjQ lreKla f,i i<ld;sfnz';udg we;s hula ke;sf,i mjikafka bka huzlsis whq; m@fhdackhla ,n.ekSu iZoydh'tlaflda ;jjevsmqr ,nd.ekSugh';udg wkHhkag jvd we;a;djQ huzlsis lY,;djhla fyda yelshdjla wkHhka flfrka iZ.jdf.k cSj;ajSuo ;udf.a lY,;djfhka wkqkag WojzlsrSfuz j.lSu meyer yerSula jknejska tho ufypzP;djfhka hqla; jSulaf,i ie<fla' fuz hgf;a oCI ffjoHjrfhl" .rejrfhl"Ys,amShoCI;d we;s wfhl";u jD;a;Sh ksmqKFjfhka lghq;lsrSfuz wjia:djkat<Usl< ;udg tjekakla lsrSfuz yelshdj ke;ehs lshd luzue,slu ksid fyda

1 kqU kdvka foajodis"uq;uqo,sf.a ksYaYxl"isZMusK brsod"tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u"fld<U"06'03'2005"24 msgqj' 2 tu' 3 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh"bJ|@dks fmfrArd"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd" fld<U"2000"34-89 msgq ' 4 ldka;dj yd nq|=iuh"bJ|@dks fmfrArd"tia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhd" fld<U"2000"' 91-102 msgq

jevsmqruQ,H yd iudcSh m@;s,dN ysuslr.ekSfuz n,dfmdfrd;a;fjka ;u ienEyelshdjka jid lghq;lsrSuo uyspzP;djfhka hqla;j lghq;lsrSula f,i ie<fla'

fuu lreKq ukdj wjfndaOlr.kakd iqjp mqoa.,hd wjYH;efkysoS ;u idudcSh hq;luz ksis whqrska bgq lsrSu msKsi i;Hjpkh .refldg .kshs'fy;u ufypzP;djh yeroud w,afmapzP;dj fhka hqla;j cSj;a fjhs'1

by; olajk ,o lreKq i;frys tkuz i;kauerSu"fidrlu"mrodrfiajkh"uqidjdoh hk lreKq j,ska wkHhka je<elajSfuys,d l@shdlsrSuo w,afmapzP;djh we;slrjkakdjQ l@shdjlaf,i ie<fla'2 wOHdmk jsoHdfjz fuu lreK fm<UjSfuz kHdh f,i jsia;rflfrA'3fuu fm<UjSu kuz m@;scd kd;aul fm<UjSuhs'fuh m@;scdkd;aul Wmia:uzNkh f,igo yeZoskafjz'huzlsis orefjl` |=iaiudys; prAhdjlska je<elajSug;a" iqiudys; prAhdjl ksr;lrjSug;a fulS m@;scdkd;aul Wmia:uzNkj,g we;af;a mq|=udldr yelshdjls.4fuz ksidu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdZ{fhda jsjsO udkjprAhdmrAfhaIK l@u is|=lruska ta o;a;weiqfrka jsjsO ks.uk j,g t<fUuska tu ks.uk Wml,amk f,i Ndjs;dlruska <uqkag jvd;a myiqfjka W.kajkafka flfiao lshd fidhdne,Qy'tafidhd ne,Su fya;fldgf.k prAhd ixialrKl@u Ys,amh keue;s prAhd;aul wOHdmk l@ufjzoh f,djg bosrsm;al<y'5

huzlsiss fohla ms<snZoj usksidf.a ;sfnk iajNdjsl fm<USfuz yd fm<UjSfuz Yla;sh fuysoS Wmfhda.S lr.kS'ld,du iQ;@fhys oelafjk mxpYSmm@;smodfjz miafjks wx.hf,i fuu fm<UjSfuz kHdh oelafjz' flfkla u;ameka Ndjs;h ksid iajNdjslju krlg fhduqfjz'tfukau tajdhska je<lS lghq;lsrSu ksid hym;gfhduqfjz'fuysoSo l@shd;aul jkafka fuufm<USfuz yd fm<UjSfuz kHdhhhs'

fuz wkqj ;ud isyskqjKska jdihlsrSu ;ukaf.a lghq; oshqkqjSug fukau"wkHhka hym;a lghq; j, fm<UjSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHhkaf.a hym; msKsio fya;fjz' ish,a, h:drA:hg iuSmlrjl cSjk m@;smodjla ysuslrfok nejska w,amapzP;djfhka hq;j jsiSulaf,i ie<fla'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh lr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

ika;gzGs;d(Acceptance)

‘ika;gzGdid;s p;iq mpzpfhaiq ;Sys ixflafiys ix;gzGiai’hkqfjka wgqjdfjys olajdwe;'h:d,dN ixf;daIh cSjs;hl Wiiach.@yKls'tanj‘ix;gzGsmruxOkx’hkb.ekajSfuka meyeos,sfjz'Okfhka yd fjk;a,dNhkaf.kaa wm wfmaCIdlrkafka i;ghs'tuksid i;g mru Okh jYfhka ielSu hqla;s iy.;h'kuq;anq|=oyu wjOdrKhlrk i;gla kQ;k fN#;sl ixialD;shjsiska wjOdrKh lrk i;g;a w;r fjkila ;snshhq;nj ie,lsh hq;h'kQ;k fN#;sl ixialD;sh iem; fidhd hkakls' tfy;a tys m@lgj fmfkk m@;sM, wiykhhs'wiykh i;gg m@;smCIjQjls'oshqKq hehs lshk rgj, wiykho jv jvd;a me;sr mj;S'fN#;sl ixialD;sh udkj ixialD;shg ,ndoS we;af;a wiykhkuz tu ixialD;shg wh;a l@shdud.!fhys lsishuz wvqmdvqjla ;nsh hq;h'

1 lrKSh fu;a; iQ;a;fhys wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;wmamlspzfpda o i,a,yqljq;a;s hkafkka js.@y lrkqfha fulS iye,a,q mej;fuys iauNdjhhs' 2 w. ks. 1" ;sl ksmd;h"uydj.a.h"ld,duiq;a;"nq'c' uq'337-343 msgq'mrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKxmrshdoskak ps;af;da fkaj mdKx yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I yka;s k woskakx wdosh;s k mrodrx .pzP;s k uqid NK;s mruzms ;:;a;dh iudofma;s hx I fyda;s oS> fyda;s oS> fyda;s oS> fyda;s oS> r;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;sr;a;x ys;dh iqLdhd;s 3 Ydia;@Sh idOlfha ;Srl mqkrSCIKhla"uSkd fi.,a"wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj"ixia'csf;aJ|@ fudydka"mrs'iajrAKd jsfcA;`x."wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;`j"n;a;ruq,a,"1996"279-286 msgq' 4 tu 289 msgqj 5 mka;s ldurh;< wNsfm@arKh"csf;kaJ|@ fudaydka"wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj"ixia' csf;akaJ|@ fudaydka"mrs' iajrAKd jsfcA;x."wOHdmk m@ldYk fomdrA;fuzka;j"n;a;ruq,a,"1996"333-343 msgq'

Okh bmhSu iZoyd lrf.k hkq,nk fj<Zoduz yd lu!dka; idrA:l jHdmdrnjg m;afjkafka tu NdKav iZoyd b,a,qu jevsjQjsg nj ms<s.;a wdrA:sl kHdhls'tfiakuz fuzjd us<oS .ekSu iZoyd fm<UjSuz we;sl,hq;h' fuz fm<UjSuz j,ska w;Dma;sh iy wiykh me;srhhs'lu!dka;lrejkaf.a yd fjf<kaokaf.a Okh bmhSfuz wfmaCIdj idrA:l lr.ekSu Wfoid fmd|=ckhd fm<Usuzj, f.d|=re njg m;alr.;hq;h'kjSk iudcfha wiykh wdfjzKsl wx.hlanjg m;ajwe;af;a fuz fya;j ksidh rgzGmd, iQ;@h fuz ldrKh .ek ;sfnkafka ‘W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd W#fkda f,daflda wluzfmda ;Kayd odfida’odfida’odfida’odfida’ hkqfjks'

fmd|= ckhd NdKavNdjs;hg jevsjYfhka wenzneysjQjsg nyqNdKavsl ixl,amfhka hqla;jQjsg Tjqkaf.a wdodhu taNdKav us<oS.ekSug m@udKj;afkdfjz' tafya; fldgf.k NdKavmsmdihla yd Ok msmdihla ck;dj w;r me;srhhs'funZ|=fm<USuzj,g jy,ajQjsg YdrSrsl jYfhka we;s Yla;sh;a udkisl Yla;sh;a CIhjS hhs'

thska jv jvd;a wiykh me;sfrA wiykh |=relr.ekSug jsfYaIfhka ;reK msrsi u;a|@jH Ndjs; hg wenzneysfjz'thska is|=jkafka wiykh ;j;j;a jevsjSuhs'lduhkag jy,ajSuksid mqoa., lKavdh uz ixjsOdk yd rch w;r fkdfhla .egquz yg.kakd wkaou ucACOsuksldfha pQ<|=laLJO uyd|=laLJO iQ;@j, jsia;rfldg we;'jevjiuzl@uh mej;s fm#rdKsl iudcj, mjd kd.rsl Wiiahehsiuzu; iudcfhys fuz w;Dma;sh me;sr.sh whqre ucACOsukldfha rgzGmd,iQ;@fhys jsia;rfjz'

rgzGmd, f;reka yuqjQ fldrjH rc;ud Wkajykafia uy;aOkhla w;ayeroud mejsosjQfha ula ksidoehs m@Yaklrhs' Wkajykafia Bg|=kaa ms,s;r fldmuK Okh mej;sh;a f,dalhd w;Dma;sfhka fmf<knjoel uyKjQnjWkajkafia iZoykalr;s'j;!udk fN#;sl ixialD;sfhka jgjQ f,dalh fuz w;Dma;sh yd wiykh ms,snZoj fydZou WodyrKhls'

nq|=iufhka ksrAfoaYlrk cSjkrgdjg wkqj fuz .egZMjg hqla;siy.; kHdhdkql~, m@dfhda.sl ms<s;rla bosrsm;afldg ;sfnz'Ndkav ksIamdokhiuznJOfhka b,a,qu mrsfNdckh w;rwe;s mr;rh fuz wiykhg fya;jhs'wiykh ke;slsrSug kuz mrsfNdackh yd b,a,qu w;r we;s mr;rh ke;s fldg th iu ;Fjhgf.kwd hq;hs'

m,uqfldgu b,a,qu fyj;a wjYH;dj tajd,nd.;yels m@udKhka yev.eiajSu tu l@uhhs'm<uqj mqoa.,sl wjYH;djhka ,efnk m@udKhg ta wjYH;djh yev.iajd.ekSu fuzl@ufha wdruzNhhs' h:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIh:d,dN ixf;daIhkqfjka thyeZoskafjz',nd.; yels tfiau oekg ,efnk m@udKh .ek i,ldn,d b,a,Su fyj;a wjYh;d yev.iajd.ekSu fuz l@shdud.!hhs'

wk;rej w,afmapzP ika;gzGs cSjs;h iudc rgdfjyso jeo.;a wxYhlajYfhka nq|=oyu W.kajhs' rdcH yd iudc ixjsOdkhlao f.dvkeZ.shhq;af;a fuz h:d,dN ixf;daI hk w,afmapzP cSjkm@;smodj kag wkqql~,jhs' tuksid wiykh |=relr.ekSug සාරධ�මhla jYfhka mqoa.,sl h:d,dN ikaf;daIh mqre|=mqyqKq l<hq;h'

uS <Z.g iudcfha lvdu tallhjk mjq, .u mdie, mkai, rdcHixjsOdkhk wdh;k ish,a,lau tu m@;sm;a;s ms<s.; hq;h'ms<sf.k tu m@;sm;a;sj,g tfrys j f.khkakdjQ jdKscuh fm<UjSuz md,khlr .ekSug yelsiduQysl m@h;akhla oersh hq;h'fuh rfgz ixialD;sh ms<snZo mqkrA ixjsOdk hl iajrEmfhka yev.eiajSuh'jHdmdrslhkag ish Okh bmhSug ck;dj f.d|=relr.kakg bvosh hq;af;a iudc ia:djrFjh wdrCIdjk mrsosh'1

jsoHd;aul jYfhkao fuz m@Yakh foi ne,sh yelsh'jrA;udk fN#;slYsIaGdpdrhg wjYHNdKav hka oeka ksmojk m@udKhg tu fjz.fhka ksmojSug wjYH fN#;sliuzm;a uyfmd<fjz CIhjSf.k hhs' wOsmdrsfNdac k cSjk rgdjksid wksl;a iuzm;ao fufia CIh jSf.khhs'taksid wiSus;wdYdjka wiSus;b,a,quz flf;la ;snqk;a ta iZoyd iemhsh hq; NdKav ksmojSug wjYH iajdNdjsl iuzm;a ke;slukssid ljqre leu;sjQj;a ke;;a ksIamdokh k;rjkq we;'

1 ia;@S whs;sh mqreI ,sx.sl m@fndaOfhka Tnzng ;s,skd jSrisxy l;sld ixjdo irKsh oskusK fikiqrdod tlai;a m@jD;a;sm;@ iud.u fld<U 19 03 2005 17 msgqj

oekg we;s iuzm;a uyspzP;djfhka f;drj Ndjs;dl<fyd;a m@Yakhg ;rul fyd ms<s;rla ,efnkq we;.ika;IaGsh jQ l,S h:d,dN h:dn, h:didremam hehsfldgia ;kls',efnk m@udKh Yla;sh we;s m@udKh iq|=iqlu ,ndwe;s m@udKh wkqqj ;Dma;su;ajSu fuz lreKq ;fkka woyiafjz'ta ksid wiykhg m@;slu!fidhk j;!udk f,dalhg ix;DIagsh ms<snZo fn#oaO b.ekajSu wdf,dalhla jkq we;' uZ. fmkajSula jkqwe;'

nq|=iuh i;g hkqfjka js.@ylrkafka |=flkaksoyiajSuhs'fuz |=flkaksoyiajSu;, bka|@Sh m@Skkfh ka ,nkakdjQ i;gmjd |=llaf,i js.@yflfrA'ukqIHhd jrog fm<fUkafka fndfydafldgu bJ|@Shm@SK kfhka ,nkakdjQ fulSi;g Tiafia yUdhdu ksidh'ld,duiQ;@fhys js.@yjk mxpYS,m@;smodj bosrsm ;ajS we;af;a mqoa.,hd fuz wdldrfhka bJ|@Shm@SKkfhka ,nkakdjQ i;g jerosfohlanj fmkajdoS bka tu jrolrkakd jroska ksjeroslrjd ksjeros i;g ,nkakdjQ wdldrh lshdoSugh'

i;rn@yaujsyrKfhkahq;j jdihlsrSu ksjeros i;g ,nd.ekSfuz l@ufjzohhs'uqZM uy;a f,dalh i;rouqZM uy;a f,dalh i;rosYdjg fnod Wv yd hg osYd folo iys;j iosidfjys fjfikakdjQ ySk"uOH yd uy;a iFjiuQyhd jsIfhhys ;ud ;ukag olajkakdla fukajQ wm@udKjQ us;@Fjhla" ldreKsliajNdjhla"wkHiemf;ys i;gqjk iajNdjhla yd uOHia:;djhla hk lreKq i;r fjka fjka jYfhka m@.KlrkakdjQ mqoa.,hd fuf,dj ksjeros i;g.@yKhlr.kshs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr .ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh lr .ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

fi#kaorAhh m@sh;dj(Beauty Inclinution)

fi#kaorAh iuznJOfhka jsjsO mqoa.,fhda fkdfhl;a ksrAjpk bosrsm;alrhs'bka lSmhla jsuid nef,a' iqux., YnzofldaIfhys fi#kaorAh hkakg wre;olajd ;sfnkqfha iqkaor;ajhhs' fk;ais;a .kakd ukyr hym;a .;shhs hkqfjks'

cS tia nS fiakdkdhl OHdkdf,dal jsjrKh kuz .@J:fhys fi#JorAhh hkq bJ|@shdkq Ndjfhka ,nkakdjQ hula ms<snZo fiduzkia iy.; w;aoelSuls' hkqfjka olajd we;' ohdfiak .Kisxy fi#kaorAhhhkq iajNdjf,dalfhys wmQrAjjia;~kays we;s iqJorFjh ms<snZo yeZ.Suhhs iZoyka lrhs'

fuz yer ;j;ajsjsO ksrAjpk fuz iuznJOfhka bosrsm;al<yelsh mqoa.,hd ;ud wjg f,dalfhys iajNdj mrsirhg wh;a ps;a;dlrAIKSh jia;~ka yd iajNdj jgmsgdj uq,alrf.k usksia isf;ys m@fndaOhla we;slr .kS'tfiau l,dlD;shla oelSfuka fyda is; msjs;relrk woyila Y@jKh lsrSfukao usksid;< msjs;re wdkJockl m@fndaOhla yg.kS' ta ish,a, fi#JorAhfhys ,d ie,lsh yelsh'

ykag uSvz kuz mqoa.,hdf.a woyi mrsos l,dwdYajdofhys uQ,sl .Kdx. ;kla ;snshhq;fjz'

1. jsfjzlh – l,d wdYajdokh lrk wjia:dfjys wm tosfkod lghq;j,ska huz jsrduhla ,o hq;fjzz'

2. wkq;aiql nj yd wkqmdodk ixl,amh – mshlre foa w.hl<hq;af;a th w;am;a lr.ekSfuz ;DIaKdfjka fyda wdYdfjka f;drjh iqyo wdorKSh ye.uz we;;a ;DIaKd ud;airAhhka j.dlr .; hq;ke; ,dNm@fhdack ,enSu iQrdlEu lSrA;sm@ixid ;dkakudkak jeksfoa .ek uol|= fkdis;d m@S;shla yd ;Dma;shla ,nkakg iu;ajsh hq;h'

3. fm#oa.,slFjh wu;l lsrSu – fm#oa.,sl njska hq;j mjqixl,am j,skahqla; jQfjlnjg m;a fkdjS l,d wdYajdokh l,hq;nj'

nq|=iufhys olajk l,dwdYajdokhg by;lSwoyia fnfyjskau iudknjfmfka'wx.;a;r ksldfha fufia iZoykla we;' ‘kfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmamkfpz lduhdks ps;@dks f,dafla ixlmam rdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda rdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda rdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda rdf.da mqrsiiaildfuda

;sgzGJ;s ps;@dks;sgzGJ;s ps;@dks;sgzGJ;s ps;@dks;sgzGJ;s ps;@dks ;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd;f;ajf,dafla wfkgzG OSrd jskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s PjodjskhJ;s Pjod’fi#JohH!m@sh;dj iuznJOfhka uydpdhH! fcda;sh OSrfialr(uydpdhH! Ouzu jsydrS ysus) jsh;dkkaf.a woyialSmhla fuySoSjsuidne,Su jeo.;ah' wkspzp |=laL wkd;auhkafkka f,djwe;s ishZMufoa ;@s,CIKjYfhka i,lk yeZ.Su is;Su yd l@shdjhk fuzjdhska flfiafj;;a wd.usliuzm@odh jYfhka fuzjd Wreufldgwe;s fn#oaOhkag f,dalfhys huz fohlg fi#JorAhh .ek is;fhduq lrkakg wjia:djla,efnzoehs hk m@Yakh kefZ.a'

jspdrfhka f;drj thg tlt,af,au fok ms<s;rkuz fkd,efnzhkqfjks'‘|=lafL‘|=lafL‘|=lafL‘|=lafL f,dflaf,dflaf,dflaf,dfla m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’m;sgzfGda’ hkqfjka |=l uQ<sl mokula lr.kakd nq|=iuhjeks wd.ulska n,dfmdfrd;a;jsh yelafla fuz iajNdjhhehs iuyre th idjOdkj ms<s.ks;s'tfy;a m@Yakh yd ms<s;r foi n,kjsg h:d ;;ajh bkaneyernj fmfka'

cSjs;fha h:drA:h yd wd.usl oelSuzj, we;s kshu jgskdlu ksisf,i jgyd.ekSug W;aiy fkdlsrSu ksid wo we;euzwh ;ukaf.a wd.u ksid cSjs;fha ;ukalrkakg leu;s fkdfhlafoag bvlafkd,efnz' hk fpdaokdj wd.ug t,a,lrknj ryila fkdfjz'tnejska fuysoS wml<hq;af;a nq|=oyug wkqj f,djwe;s fi#JorAhh foi fn#oaOhkag flfia ne,sh yelso hkak jsuiSuhs'

iuyre i,lk wkaoug f,djwe;s fidZ|=refoa ksid we;sjshyels wdmodjkaag nsfhka weia lkakdidoS bZ|=rka wjysr lrf.k jk.;jSu wkjYHnj;a fmkajdosh hq;fjz th nqoaO foaYkdjka mokuz lrf.ku is|=l< yelsh'

by;ska iZoykal<‘;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;;f;a ldudks ps;@dk@dk@dk@dks’hk foaYkdj jsuiSu jeo.;ah'f,dalfhys jsps;@jQ;a huz rEmdoS wruqKq we;ao tajd ldufhda fkdfj;s'iajNdj jYfhka ixl,ams; rd.hu lduhhs'f,dfjz jsis;renj tfiau mj;S'mKavs;fhda fuzwruqKfj; mj;akd rd.h |=relr;s'fuysoS wm m<uqfjkau ie,ls,a,g Ndckh l<hq;af;a by;lS .d:dfjz olakg ,efnk lduhkaf.ka ,efnk wdYajdoh w,amhhkakhs'

‘wmamidod ldud‘wmamidod ldud‘wmamidod ldud‘wmamidod ldud’taksid we;sjk |=lalror fndfydah ,efnk iemhg jvd wOsl;rjQ |=rAjsmdl bka we;s fjz' fuznj nq|=rcdKkajykafia w,.oa|+mu iQ;@fha uyd|=laLJO wdoS iQ;@j,;a ;j;a fndfyda ;ekaj,;a iZoykalr we;' tfiakuz nq|=oyu f,dalh bosrsfha ksferosj bosrsm;a lrkakg;a iaj,am ud;@ jYfhkaj;a ;u fn#oO cSjs;h ta wkqj yev.id .kakg;a leu;s wh jsiska fn#oaO orAYkfha fuz uQ<sl moku f;areuz .; hq;h'

m<uqj f,dalh yev.id wk;rej mqoa.,hd ilialsrSfuz jHdmdrh fndfyda uyyZvska f.khoaoS by; .d:dfjz wrA:h jsuiSu jeo.;ah'f,djwe;s fkdfhl;a jsis;re foa lduhka fkd.efka lduhkq usksid ;uis; ;< ta ta foaj,a flfrys we;s lr.kakd wdidjfjhs' Z[dKj;a mqoa.,hd jsis;re f,dj tfiau mj;soaoS ;ukaf.a wdidjka ixjr lr.kS'

lreKq fufia ;snshoS f,dalh;< jsYsIaG cSjs;hla f.khdug uSgjvd ksoyila wfmaCIdl< yelsh'huzlsis mrudrA:hla n,dfmdfrd;a;fjka ia:sryeZ.Suzud,djlg wkqj cSjs;h yev.iajd.ekSu fm#oa.,sl ksoyi mrs;Hd.lsrSula yegshg hful jsiska ie,flakuz neuzfuka us|=kq .jhdf.a ksoyi fuka ta fm#oa.,sl ksoyi ,ensh hq;af;a mrudrA:h mrs;Hd.lsrSfuks'hfulg fn#oaOcSjs;fha ksoyi .ekielhla fjzkuz ta fpdaokdj keZ.shhq;af;a nq|=oyfuz jQ uQ<Ou!hkays i;Hdi;H;dj foigh'f,dalfhys we;s weia lka kdidoS mskjkfoaj,ska i;gla fkd,efnzhehs nq|=oyfuz kQ.kajhs ldujia;~kaf.ka lsishuzwdYajdohla ,efnknj nq|=rcdKkajykafia uyd |=laLJO iQ;@fha fufiajod<y'

‘fldp NslaLfjz ldudkx wiaidfoda mxpsfuz NslaLfjz ldfuz.Kd plaLqjsZ[afZ[hHrEmd bgzGd ldka;d ukdmd mshrEmd lduQmixys;d wwckShx hxfLda NslaLfjz bfuzmxpldfuz .fK mgspzp WmamcAc;s iqLx fidaukiaix whx ldudkx wiaidfoda’

lduhkays wdiajdoh lulao$mxpldu .Khka weiqfrka huz ielhla fyda fiduzkila WmoSkuz th lduhka f.a wdYajdohhs' fuz iuZ.u Wkajykafia jodrd we;af;a bka,efnk fuz ridiajdoh m@udK jYfhka iaj,amud;@ nj;a ukdyeZ.Sfuka f;drj luziem jsZoSug msjsisl,ays bka cks;jsh yels |=rAjsmdl wOsl;r nj;ah'

ixidrh yd iiZodn,d fuf,dj cSjs;fhawe;s w,am;dj;a kshu iajNdjh;a f;areuz .ekSug W;aiy fkd.kakd mqoa.,hdg luziemjsZoSfuz mrf;rla fkdfmfka'‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ‘k lmkmk jfF:k ks;s: ldfuziqldfuziqldfuziqldfuziq jscAc;s’jscAc;s’jscAc;s’jscAc;s’ hkqfjka lyjkq jeisjeiai;a lduhkays we;sjSulake;snj lshhs' f,djwe;s i;gf.kfok jia;~kays neZoSu msKsi m@udojkmqoa.,hd iirska fkdusfoahkq fn#oaO woyihs'

fuz wkqj f,dalh foi n,kjsg ;ukag m@;HCIZ{dkh fkdue;sjqjo nq|=oyugwkqj is;kakg iQodkuzjSu fn#oaOhkaf.a hq;lula jshhq;fjz'usksiqkaf.a jsYajdihka yd l@shdlsrSuz w;r mr;rh ke;s lrk f;la usksiqkaf.a fm#oa.,sl fyda idudcsl ksoyila we;sfkdfjz'f,#lsl ridiajdoh fi#JorAhhm@sh;dj iuznJOfhkao fuz ;;ajh jgydf.k l@shdl< hq;h'wkspzp iajNdjh fufkys lr;au mshWreufhka u wm@shjQ foa;a fjkiajk iajNdjh Wreufldg we;snj f;areuzhhs tjsg f,daNhg;a oafjzIhg;a bvla ke;'

m@shjQ foaj,ska ,enshyels jsJokho fjkiajshyelsnj jegyShdhq;h wm@shjQfoh .ek we;sjk oafjzIho fufiauhs'fuz yeZ.Suz ks;r ks;r jO!kh lrhskuz m@shjia; iuznJOfhka we;sjkakdjQ yeZ.Suz j, ukd ilia jSula is|=jkafkah'ta jia;ms<snZoj neZoSula fkdjknjgo ta fmr,sh yelsjkafkah' m@sh jia;fjzo fkdneZoS tys rihjQ fi#JorAhh fuzhehs jsuis,af,ka Nla;sjsZoshyels jkafkah'

iqJor jia;j jsIfhys neZosrd.fhka m@udojSu ridiajdofhys wjYHu wx.hla fkdfjz'tfukau wkspzp iajNdjh n,mdk ;ek ridiajdolhd |=lgo foduzkigo meusfKkafkah'js,laueo msmS we;s fkZMu lvd ;ud i; fldg fkdf.k tys wisrsh jsZoSug ms<sjkajsh hq;h'tnZ|=;ekg uki ilialr .ekSuhs'fi#JorAhh m@sh;djfha oY!kh jshhq;af;a fm#oa.,sl ;DIaKdj tlw;lska turidiajdoh ls,sgslrkakls' tuksid ;DIaKdfjka hqla;j uuh udf.ahhk oevsl,amkdfjka hqla;j isgskafklg kshujYfhka fi#JohH! wdYajdokh l<fkdyelsh' ෙසෞ�ද�යය �යතාව සාරධ�මhla jYfhka .sKsh yelaflao fuz oY!kfhka l@shdl<fyd;a muKs'

kshudldrfhka fi#kaorAhfhys pu;aldrh w;ajsZoshyelafla uuFjfhka f;drjQis;lska nejz by; oelajsKs' i;rn@yaujsyrKfhka hqla;jQ mqoa.,hdu ksjerosjQ ps;a; iekiSu Wodlr.kshs' YS,fhka iukajs;jkakdjQ mqoa.,hd ksr;rej tlZ.jQ is;ska iudOshNckh lrkafkah'YS,h;a i;rn@yau jsyrKh;a isf;a we;slrkakdjQ ps;a; iudOsh ksid h:drA:h jsksjsoolskakdjQ m@Z{dj ,enSug yel' f,dj h:drA:h olskakdjQ is;l uuFjh ;kSjS hhs'

m@Z{dj ,enSug ;ruz .eUqrg is; mqyqKql< yelafla isf;ys jsjD;Ndjh rZojdf.k lghq;` l< fyd;a muKs'huzhuz foaflfrys ;oska t<aUf.k lghq;fkdlsrSu udkisl jsjD;Ndjfha ,CIKh fjz'tfia t<aUf.k lghq;lrkafka is; uuFjfhka msrSwe;sksidh'fuzishZMu lreKq ldrKdj,g fya;j YS,fhka yd iudOsfhka ,enkakdjQ ps;a;iykh" ps;a; uD|=Ndjh" ps;a;lrAukH iajNdjh is;g fkd,enSuhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'

ld,duiQ;@fhys wka;rA.;jk b.ekajSuz by;lS ps;aa;Ydka;sh Wodlr.ekSug mqoa.,hdg b;du;a jsYd, w;aje,la imhhs'tfukau mqoa.,.; osjsh fukau mqoa.,hdf.a iudc.; cSjs;ho ieye,a,qfjka .;lsrSu msKsi wjYHjkakdjQ ishZMu ldrKd tys wvx.fjz'fuu b.ekajSuz l@shd;aul lsrSu uZ.ska ksrdhdifhkau fi#kaorAfhys ,d b;dmsjs;rejQ ridiajdohla jsZoskakdjQ mqoa.,fhla tauZ.ska nsysfjz'f:r.d:d yd f:arS.d:d md,sfhys fuz whqrska uuFjh |=rel<djQ js;rd.S uyry;a f;rf;rKsjre jsJodjQ fi#kaorAhh ridiajdoh rij;a ldjHixl,amkd f,iska igykaj ;sfnz'

iqkuH nj(Sanatorium)

oroZvq f.dfrdaiqnjska f;drjSu wjk;jSu ksy;udkSnj fjkiajSug yd fjkialr.ekSug wjldY we;snj jeksf;areuz fuz iZoyd oS;sfnz'nq|=oyu;a fn#oaO ixialD;sh;a iuznJOfhka n,kjsg fuz ,CIKh ta;< oelsh yelsh' nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a prs;h wOHhkh lrkafklg Wkajykafia;< kuHYS,Snj m@dfhda.s;Fjhg m;ajQ wdldrh uekjska f;areuz .; yelsfjz'nq|=r|=ka

;ukajykafiaf.a Ou!h wkq.ukhlsrSu iZoyd Wkajykafiafj;g meusKs NsCIq NsCIqKS Wmdil Wmdisld hkisjqjkla msrsi huzhuz kS;srS;s we;sfldg md,khl<hq;h hkwoyila we;slr fkd.ekSuu kuHYS,snfjz ,CIKhls'

isjqmsrsigu nq|=iiqfka iudk wjia:d ,enS;snqKs'tfy;a iudc;Fjhwkqj NsCIQkajykafia m@uqL fmf,a lemSfmfkk msrsila yegshg iudch;< lghq;l<y'Wkajykafia,djqjo md,kh l<hq;`h hkwoyila we;slr.;af;a ke;'tfy;a NsCIq cSjs;fha mrudrA:h uia;lm@dma;lr.ekSug wgYHjk wkaouska ta ta wjia:dj,oS Woa.;jQ fya;uq,alrf.k jskh YsCIdjka mekjQy'tu YsCIdjka meKjSfuz jqjohuzlsis jrola is|=lsrSug fmrd;j kS;smoaO;shla yod ta;, Tjqka isrlr ;enSug Wkajykafia woyialf,a ke;'fuhska meyeos,sjkafka Wkajykafif.a m@cd;ka;@jdoS iajrEmh;a udkj ksoyi;a w;sYhska w.hlsrSu;ah'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr .ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr .ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'fuf,i ;oska oevsj hula .ekSfuka je<lSu ;< isf;ys iqkuHnj fyj;a kuHYS,snj wdrCIdfjz iuyre jshm;ajQ l< Ydia;@Sh mCIfhka W#K;duhla we;sjk nj mjikafka jshm;a jSu;a iuZ.u mdfya TzkEu flfkl Bg wkq.;ju ,nkakdjQ iudcSh w;aoelSuz iuZ.u ukfiys huz oroZvq nfjla ke;fydka wlrAuKH iajNdjhla olakg ,efnk nejsks'fuz iajNdjh ueZv meje;ajSug kuz m<uqfldgu fuu udkisl iajNdjh uekjska yZ|=kd f.k uki uD|=lrjSu msKsi i;r n@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjla jevsh hq;h' fuz uZ.ska is|= lrkafka fu;a ldreKsl isksjs,s uZ.ska ukfiys rECI oroZvq iajNdjh ,sys,a fldg ukfiys uD|= kuHYS<S iajNdjhla we;s lsrSuhs'

funZ|= ,CIK w.hl< yelafla oroZvqnfjka f;drj yd kefukiqZM iajNdjfhka hqla;flfklg muKs'huz huz wjia:dj,oS jskh YsCIdmo meKjqj;a tu meKjQ kS;sh NsCIqkajykafiaf.a fyda uy ck;djf.a b,a,Suz j,g .relruska fjkial< wjia:d we;'WodyrKjYfhka mdjykame<ZoSu ms<snZo kS;sh iakdkhms<snZo kS;sh .KfNdacl YsCIdmoh ms<snZo kS;sh bosrsm;al< yelsh' fuzjdhska fmfkkafka Wkajykafiaf.a kuHYS,S iajNdjhhs' ta jf.au jskfha we;s kuHYS,Snjhs'

we;euzYsCIdmo meKjSfuzoS ffckhskaf.awoyiaj,gm@uqL;djhoS l@shdfldgwe;' NsCIQka jykafiag jiajsiSug ksfhda.lsrSu .iafld<kawdosh lemSug ;ykuzlsrSu jeksoE bosrsm;al< yelsh' fuzyer msrsksjkamEug wdikakjisg wdkkao ysushka wu;d YsCIdmofjkialr .ekSug (ix>hd leu;skuz) bvlv ,ndfouska l< m@ldYho w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'lvd wkqlvd YsCIdmo ljfrAoehs ;SrKhlr .ekSug tod .egZMjlaj ;snqk;a nqoaO idikh jHdma;jSfuzoS ta ta rgj, Woa.; jk mdrirsl yd foaY.Ksl yd ixialD;slidOl yuqfjzoS ta ta rg,g jvskdNsCIQkag f,daljoH m@Z{ma;s fjkia fkdfldg m@Z{ma;sjoH m@Z{ma;s fjkialr.ekSug wjldYhla ,enSu"jsjsOrgj, nq|=iuh jHdma; lsrSug NsCIQka fm<UjSug fya;jla jkakgwe;'uydpdhH! kcsfuz kluqrd uy;d iZoykalrk wkaoug f,dalfha jsjsO rgj,g me;srS.sh nq|=iuh ta ta rgj, ck;djg lsisu ysrsyerhla fkdjk wdldrfh ka jHdma;lsrSug yelsjQfha;a jHdma;jS .sfha;a fuz kuHYS,Snj ksidnj iZoykalrhs'

ld,du iQ;@fhka bosrsm;a flfrkakdjQ oijeoEreuz wka;jdohka m@;sfCIamho uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkafka nq|=iuhi; kuHYS,siajNdjhhs'tuldrKh nq|=iufha flaJ|@Sh uQ<OrAuh f,iskao yZ|=kajd oshyelsh'tays miaisl .Khkuzjk Ou!fhys .enzjk fuu uQ<OrAuh ;,ska fmkajdfokafka lsishuzu fyda fN#;sl fyda fN#;sl fkdjk fohla uQ<dOdrlr fkdf.k"lsis|= u;jdohla oevsf,i wOdk.@d ySj ms<sfkdf.k i;Holskafka flfiao"i;H yZ|=kd.kafka flfiao hkakhs'fuzksidu Ou!h iajdlaLd; fyj;a ukdj foaYkdfldg we;a;lanj ms<s.efka'

iajpzPJo;dj (Freedom of the Will / Free will )

usksidjsiska wdpdrjsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;a l@shdjla lrkq,enQl< tajd yrsjeros hym;a whym;a msxmjq li,a wli,a wdoS jYfhka huz weZ.hSulg md;@lsrSu t;ruz |=Ialr fkdjkakg mqZMjk'tfy;a Tyqf.atu l@shdj ms<snZo j.lSu mejfrkafka ldgo hk m@Yakh t;ruzu ir,j jsiZoshyelalla fkdfjz'tu l@shdjis|=lsrSfuys,d jsjsO ndysr idOlhka Tyqg n,mE m@udKh idOdrK ;Srlfhljsiska tysoS .Kka ne,sshhq;fjz'huzfyhlska tjeks ndysridOl tllafyda lsysmhla jsiska th uqZMukskau ;SrKhfldg l@shdjg kZ.k,oafoakuz yd Tyq yqfola tun,fjz.hkaf.a w;fld,qjlanjg md;@jQfhakuz tu l@shdfjz j.lSu Tyq fj;mejrSu fkdl< hq;a;ls'

foajksu!dKjdoS wd.usl ,shjs,sj,ska lshefjkafka usksid is|=lrk ishZMl@shdjka f,dalhujd md,khlrk ij!n,OdrS fojshkajykafiajsiska mQrAjksYaps;tajdnjhs'th tfiakuz usksidjsiska lrkq,nkakdjQ hym;a fyda whym;a iEul@shdjla ms<snZo ju j.lSula mejrshhq;af;a ish wOsIaGdkh l@shdfjys fhdojkqiZoyd usksid w; fldZMjlalr.;a fojshkajykafiag usi usksidg fkdfjz'

fuhska .uHflfrk wfklaldrKhkuz jsl,amlsysmhlaw;frka ;udjevsleu;s l@shdjla f;dard f.k th l@shd;aullsrSfuz ksoyi h:drA:jYfhkau usksidyg ke;af;a wehso hkakhs'fuh tla;rd wkaoulska ksh;shls' nq|=rcdkkajykafia fuu BYajrksu!dKjdoh bj;ou;s'fojshkajykafia usksid jsZosk ishZM iem|=layd fydZo krll@shdjkao ;SrKhlrhskuz usksidhkq fojshkaf.a wK bgq lrkq ,nk rElvhla muKla jk ;Fjh hgf;a usksidlrk ishZM l@shdjkaf.a jsmdlmejfrkafka fojshka jykafiafj; fkdfjzoehs uydfndaOs cd;lh m@Yaklrhs'

‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp‘biaifrda inzn f,daliai ifpz ;mafma;s cSjs;x boaOs jHik Ndjxp

luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’luzux l,HdKx mdmlx ksoafoaildrS mqrsfida biaidfrda f;a; ,smam;s’

usksid lrkl@shdjka Tyqf.a mQj!lu!hkauZ.ska ksYaps;ju mj;Shkq Ou!ksh;sjdohhs fuz b.ekajSu ffck oyug wh;a jQtlls uyd ;sF:dh;k iQ;@fhaoS‘hx lsxpdhx mqrsi mq.a.f,da mgsimam fjzoh;s iqLxjd |=laLxjd w|=laLu iqLxjd inznx ;x mqnzfnz l; fya;’hkqfjka fuh iZoykafldg we;'fuysoS mqoa., iajpzPJo;dj m@;sfCImfjz'jrA;udkfha usksid jsZosk ishZM iem|=la Tyqf.a w;S; lu!hkaf.a M,jsmdlh hk u;h ffckhka bosrsm;alrk w;r nq|=r|=kaf.a jsfjzpkhg th,lajsh'

lu!h yd jsmdlh w;r tjeks ksh;s iuznJohla fjhskuz wd.usl ms,sfj;lskam@;sM,hla ke;ehs nq|=rcdK kajykafia wx.;a;rksldfha f,dKM,j.a.fha f,daKM, iQ;@fhaoS iZoykafldg we;. nq|= iufhka lshfjkafka lshfjkafka lu!fhka wdjrKh l<fkdyels iajpzPJo;djla usksidg we;s njhs'fN#;sljdoSksf.a iajNdjh ksh;sjdohls'wdcSjlhkaf.a ffoj ksh;sjdohla fuz wkaouska nq|=iuh jsiska m@;sfCImlrkq,nhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr .ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKhlr .ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj;a ta ksid iajpzPJo;djh wysusjk nj;a meyeos,sflfrA'

;ud jgdwe;s fN#;sl mrsirh yd wdrA:sl foaYmd,ksl ixialD;sl jd;djrKh l<hq;af;a lulaoehs ;SrKhlsrSfuzoS uskidhg;a lr.kakdnj mrsirksh;sjdoSkaf.a u;hhs'tawkqj usksid mrsirhg wjYH mrsos yiqrejk ,nk WmlrKhla muKlajk w;r ksoyia;SrKhlau; l@shdlsrSug Tyq wiu;ajknj lshfjz'udlaia bosrsm;al< wdrA:sl ksh;sjdoh fujekaklg tlaksoiqkla yegshg oelajsh yelsh'by; olajk,o jsjsO ksh;sjdohkag fjkia wksh;sjdohlao ;sfnz' fuhska lshfjkafka usksial@shdis|=jkafka fya;m@;Hjsrys;j wdliauslj bfnzgu nj;ah' nq|=iuh;, fuub.ekajSu wOspzpiuqmamkakjdo kuska yZ|=kajdwe;' wfya;l wmpzphjdohkuskao fuh yeZoskafjk w;r nq|=iuh jsiska fujeks b.ekajSuz neyerlrkq ,nhs'

usksidg huz huz jsl,amhka m@fhdack .ekSug we;s yelshdj ms,s.kakd nq|=iuhiajpzPJo;dj Wiia fldgi,lhs';udlrk l@shdms<snZoj.lSu usksidgmejfrkafka fuz ms,s.ekSu u;hs'wx.;a;r

ksldfha 4fjks ldKavfha wF:ldr iQ;@h iajpzPJo;dj ms<snZo nuqfKl yd nq|=rcdKkajykafia w;r we;sjQ ixjdohla jdrA;dlrhs'

;ud wF:ldrhla mrldrhla ke;ehshk oDIaGswe;f;lehs nuqKd m@ldYlrhs'b;dir, ldrkhla b;d m@n,j bosrsm;alruska nq|=rcdKkajykafia nuqKdf.a oDIaGsh jerosnj fmkajdfohs' nuqK Tng leu;s mrsos bosrshg hkak mqZMjkakuz wdmiqtkak mqZMjkakuz Tn lrkl@shd fyj;a wF:ldrhla ke;ehs flfiakuz oDIaGshlg meusKsfhaoehs nq|=rcdKkajykafia m@Yaklrhs' wk;rej iFjhkaf.a m@:udruzNljSrAhh ( wdruzNl Od;) we;snj t;a;.kajd wF:ldrh fyj;a iajpzPJo;dj thunj myodfohs'

kslafuk iajndjhla fyj;a jSrAhhla (kslaLu Od;) mrdl@uhla(mrlalu Od;)n,j;a jSrAhhla(:du Od;) uejska msgqjd.;a jSrAhhla (Gs;s Od;) Wm@u Yla;shla( Wmlalu Od;) we;snj ijsia;rj iZoyka lrhs' wF:ldr iQ;@h bosrsm;alrk fuu js.@yfhka mqoa.,fhla iajpzPJo;djfhka hqla;j lsishuz wNsu:drA:hla uia;lm@dma; lr.ekSu iZoyd l@shd;auljkafka flfiao hkak uekjska meyeos,sflfrA'

jsjsO ksh;jdoS b.ekajSuzj,ska weysrekq iSudfjka usksid ksoyia lrf.k Tyqg iajpzPJo;dj we;snj ifya;lj fmkajd|=ka nq|=rcdKkajykafia usksid i; l@shd Yla;sh uekjska m@lg lrhs'wx.;a;r ksldfha |=lksmd;fha tlaiQ;@hl fuzlshuk .enzjS we;'

‘wli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhxwli,x NslaLfjz mcy;s ilaldh NslaLfjz wli,x mcys;x kdyx tayx jfohHhx’li,h jevSu .ek;a fufiau iZoykalr;s'Z[dKfmdaKsl ysushka fuz mdGfol iuznJOfhka fufia iZoyka lrhs'nq|=iuh ij!wYN jdohlah hkqfjka ks;rwefik fpdaokdj wj,x.lruska hym;w;alr .ekSug usksidg we;s ipzp;dj b;dir, nj isyslghq; jpkfhka fuzmdGfha m@ldYlrhs hkqfjks'

fufia usksidg ish wNsu;h mrsos is;Sug l@shdlsrSug m@drA:kS b,lalhlalrd.ukalsrSug ksoyila Yla;shla we;snj muKla fkdj tfial@sshdlsrSu Tyqf.au j.lSula njo by;iZoyka iQ;@mdGfhka meyeos,sfjz'uq,oS iZoykaflreKq wdldrhg ‘;sF:dh;k iQ;@fhaoS’ usksidf.a brKu Tyq uejQ BYajrfhlg ndrflfrknj iZoykajqj;a nq|=iufha tnZ|= ,CIK fkdue;'

tajf.au usksidf.a f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r wNsjDoaOsh iuznJOfhka ta ms,snZo j.lSu mQrAjlD; lu!hkago fkdmjrd jrA;udk lu!h iajpzPJo;dj nq|=iufhka ms,s.kakdksid by;lS u;jdo m@;sfCIm lrhs' ndysr n,fjz. ms<snZoj jsYajdi bj;,k fyhska Tyqf.aoshqKqj Tyqflfrysu rZodmj;sknj ta;a;.ekajSu wjYHh'

;@smsglh mqrd jsisrSwe;s iEu foaYkdjlu mdfya fuu woyi .enzjS we;'jsfYaIfhka ndysr n,fjz.hlg usksid hg;afldg ;snqKq iudchl usksia uki .e;sNdjfhka uqojdf.k iajYla;sh u;fldg oSug oevs m@h;akhl fhoshhq;h' fuz wjfndaOh lZM.kajk nq|=joka rdYshla we;' ;udg msysg ;uduh wkaljfrla ;udg msysgfjzo uekjska oeuqKqf;fuzu |=rA,NjQ msysgo ,nhs ‘w;a;dys w;a;fkda kd: fldyskd: mfrdaishd’ ;udl<mj ;udu flf,ihs' ;udfkdl< mjska ;udmsrsis|=fjhs msrsis|= wmsrsis|= folu rZodmj;skafkamqoa.,hd u;uhs'tflla wfkfll msrsis|= fkdlrkafkah’ w;a;kdj l;x mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’w;a;kdj l;x mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’w;a;kdj l;x mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’w;a;kdj l;x mdmx w;a;kdj ls,siai;s'’

Tn Tnu lghq;l<hq;h'nq|=jre uZ.fmkajkafkda fj;s'‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wksp‘;uzfuzys lspzpx wkspzz zzpx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrdapx w;a;dfrda ;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’;:d.f;da w;a;oSmd jsyrd: w;a;oSm w;a;irKd’ l,du iQ;@ho fuziuznJOjeo.;a woyi iuqodhla bosrsm;alrhs' tys b;djeo.;au mdGh w;a;kdu cdfkhHd: hkakh'fuz wdldrhg ndysr n,fjz. m@isoaOshg m;alr iajYla;sh yd iajpzPJo;dj ms,s.kakd;ek jSrAhh flfryS mQrAKjsYajdih ;enshhq;h wdOHd;ausl yd fN#;sl hk WNhwrA:fhkau i,ld YdrSrslfukau udkisl Y@uho Wiia f,iska nq|=oyu w.hhs'

oEf;a jSrAhh yd oyvsh udkaish (ndykn, mrsps; fiod jlal;a;sh) jrAKkdlsrSfuka lshfjkafka ldhsl Y@uh Wiiafldg ie,lSuhs'Y@udNsudkhhs'fuh uE;loS nyq,j m@pdrhg m;ajpkhla fj;;a odrAYksl mokula iys;j Y@udNsudkh uq,anq|=iufhys uekjska yqjdolajdwe;' j;!udkfhys lhfjfyid jevlsrSu uki fjfyid jevlsrSug jvd my;af,iska ie,lSu;a olaakg ,efnz'tfy;a nq|=iufhka ldhslY@uh b;dw.hfldg ie,lSu ;,ska mqoa.,hdg

udkislY@uh;a Wmfhda.S fldgf.k iajYla;sfhka keZ.SisgSug wjYHhlrk moku iajpzPJo;dj kue;s b.ekajSu ;<ska ia:dms;fldg ;sfnknj iZoykal< hq;fjz'

usksidf.a Yla;sh j,ld,k ishZM wOsldruh n,fjz. nq|=iufhka m@;sfCIam flfrA'ndysrjYfhka .e,jquz lrefjl wfmaCIdfkdlrk nq|=iuh usksidf.a iajdusFjh usksidgu mjrd;sfnz'ta wkqj usksid wruqKla fmroers lrf.k iaj;ka;@ wOsIaGdkhlska(Free-Will)l@shdlsrsug yels mqoa.,fhls' wOsldrh(Authority) hkqfjka wd.usl සාරධ�ම fCIa;@fhys woyialrkqfha usksidf.a Yla;sh blaujd usksidg ndysrjYfhka isg usksid flfrys n,mdkafkahhs ms<s.kakd mqoa.,fhl fyda Ou!;djhls'

ld,duiQ;@fhys m@;sfCIams;jQ oijeoEreuz pska;kuh wOsldrhka fj;ska m@lglrkqfha ukqIHhdf.a ksoyiapska;kh msnsZojSug ;snQ ndOdjka yeZoskf.k tajd bj;a lsrSu iZoyd fhda.H Wmfoia iemhSug nq|=ka jykafia;< ;snQ oCI;djhhs'ld,du iQ;@fhka m@lgflfrk m@;sfCIa,s; oijeoEreuz pska;kuh wOsldrhka uZ.ska ksh;sjdoh(Determination)iuzmQrAKfhkau m@;sfCIamjS hhs'ksh;jdoh m@;sfCIamjkjdhkq mqoa., iajpzPJo;djh ia:dms; lsrSuls'

Ndjkdj yd iodpdrh(Meditatation & Moral)

iodpdr iuzmkak cSjs;hla iZoyd Ndjkdj Wmfhda.Slr.; hq;af;a flfiaohkak jsuidne,sh hq;h'fuz .ek jsuiSfuz oS Ndjkdfjz wjYH;djh tla w;lska u;jkqfha;a thska yq|=nqoaOsuh ldrAhhka muKla is|=jknj ie,lSu ksidh'tfy;a Ndjkdj yq|=nqoaOsuh ldrAhhla muKlauo hk m@Yakh kefZ.a'

th ldhsl jdpisl yeisrSuzj,ska wF:!j;a fkdjkafkao hkakjsuish hq;h'fuysoS fn#oaO Ndjkdj ;<ska iodpdr iuzmkak iudchla f.dvkeZ.Sug ,ndfokakdjQ msgsjy, flfryso wjOdkhfhduq lsrSu jeo.;ah' mqoa., prAhdjka li, wli, idjoH wkjoH ySk m@KS; fydZo krl wdoSjYfhka m@fNaolsrSu;a nq|=iuh;< meyeos,sju olajd ;sfnz ‘wF:s NslaLfjz li,dli,Ouzud idjcAcd wkjcAcd Ouzud ySkd m@KS;dOuzud lKay iqlal imamgsndydOuzud’

f,daN fodai fuday ffp;islhka m@OdkjQl@shd wli,hka f,i;a oelafjz'‘;SKsudks NslaLfjz wli,uQ,dks l;udks ;SKS f,dafNda wli,uQ,x fodafida wli,uQ,x fudafyda wli,uQ,x'’fuu ffp;islhkauq,ajSlrk l@shdjka whym;a |=rdpdrtajd jkw;r wf,daNdoS ffp;islhka uq,ajSfuka lrkl@shdjka fydZo hym;a iodpdr l@shdjkafjz'nq|=oyug wkqj mrd:! idOkh msksi wkqq.ukhl< hq; l@shdud.!h iS, iudOs m@Z{dhk ;@sjsO YsCIdfjka bosrsm;a flfrA'

nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a wkqYdikdj jkafkao ish,qmjz fkdlsrSu;a li,Ou!hka msysgSu;a is; msrsis|=lr .ekSu;ah'fuh ish,qnq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikdjnj oS>ksldfha uydmodk iQ;@fha‘inznmdm wlrKx’hkdoS .d:d jkaf.ka fmkakquzlrwe;'is; msrsis|=lsrSug wjYHjk l@shdud.!h Ndjkdjhs' Ndjkdj hkakg w:!l:k bosrsm;a lsrSfuzoS is; tlwruqKl ;nd.ekSu Ndjkdj yegshg jsiaa;rflfrA'fuh ksjerosu js.@yhla fkdfjz'

jpkfha f;areu wkqjo Ndjkdj hkq ‘N~’ Od;fjka isoaOfjk Ndfj;s"Ndjh;s hk l@shdrEmhkaf.a kdu mohhs'jevSu"oshqKqlsrSu hkf;areu thska .uHfjz'tfia jvkafka ke;fyd;a oshqKqlrkafka is;hs' is; tl wruqKl ;nd.ekSu Ndjkdj fkdj tfia jvk fyda jevQ isf;ys we;sjk wruqKqj, fkdjsisrS mj;sk iudOs hhs'tksid is;tl wruqKl ;nd.ekSu iudOsfha ,CIKhls'taksid Ndjkdj jvkafkl ;< we;slr.;hq; W;uz .Kdx.hlaf,i is; tlwruqKl mej;Sfuz ,CIKh oelajsh yelsh'

wdrAhwIaGdx.sl udrA.fha iuzud jdhdufhka Ndjkdj werfUz'th ;@sYsCIdfjz iudOs fldgig wh;a wx.hls'ta ms<snZo jsia;r ;@smsglfha fkdfhl;a iQ;@;< wka;rA.;fldg we;'iuzud jdhduh hkq kQmka mjsgq wli,a fkdbmojSuhs Wmka mjzgqq wli,a m@ydKh lsrSuhs'kQmka li,a bmsojSuhs'Wmka li,a jevsoshqKqlsrSuhs' hk fuz y;frka hqla;j l@shdlsrSuhs'

‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;‘PJox cfka;s jsrshx wdruzN;s ps;a;x m.a.kayd;s moy;s’hkafkka fuziZoyd W;aiyj;ajSu iZoykafldg we;'fuz wkqj iuzud jdhdufhka wli,fhka je,lSu;a li,fhys msysgSu;a hkfome;a;u wrA:j;aflfrA'fuz iZoyd lrkl@shd ms<sfj< Ndjkdjhs'Ndjkdfjka is;mjs;@flfrA'is; wmjs;@ lrk f,daN"oafjzI"fuday hk wli,aoyuz isf;ka bj;alsrSug we;sleue;a; yd W;aiyh;a taiZoyd is;fhojSu;a wjYHfjz'

ta jf.au is; msrsis|=lrk wf,daN wfodai wfuday jeksli,aoyuz bmsojSugo is; fhoSu W;aiyh jSrAhh wjYHh'mqoa.,fhlf.a ika;dkfhys we,Suuq,a lrf.k f,daNh WmoS'.egSu uq,alrf.k oafjzIh WmoS'uq,dj yd ielh uq,afldgf.k fudayh WmoS tfyhska is;;< we;sfuu wli,a |=relsrSug;a kQmka wli,a we;s fkdjSug;a lghq;l< hq;h'

wf,daNh mrs;Hd. fyj;a w;ayerSuls wfodaih ffu;@sh fyj;a fu;ais;sjs,s we;s lr.ekSuls' wfudayh uq,dfkdjSu fyj;a h:drA:h jgyd .ekSuo uq,afldgmj;S'taiZoyd ;snshhq; leue;a; W;aidyh jSrAhh msysgqjd.ekSu Ndjkdfjka is|=flfrA'fuysoS Ndjkdlrkjdhkafkka is|=lrkq,nk l@shdj lulaolshd jsuid ne,Su wjYHfjhs'ksldh idys;Hhg wkqj iuyre Ndjkd hkqfjka woyia fldg we;af;a iuyr bJ|@shkaf.ka wruqKqfkdf.k b|=rka uql,s;j ;nd.ekSuhs'

jsfYaIjYfhka mdrirsh nuqKd ishY@djlhkag bJ|@shNdjkdj W.kajd we;af;a by;lS wdldrhg nj ucACOsu ksldfha bJ|@shNdjkd iQ;@fhkafmfka'fuysoS nq|=rcdKkajykafia mdrirshf.a woyiaj,g ms<s;re fouska Tyqf.a b.ekajSuz wkqj wJOhd;a nsysrd;a jevqKq bZ|=rka we;af;l fia ie,lshhq; jknj oelajQy'

Wkajykafiaf.a wjjdoh jkafka plaLq wdoS bZ|=rkaf.ka wruqKq.kak'tajdfhah:drA:h fufkys lr kshu wjfndaOh ,nd.kak hkqfjks'‘wdkJoh NsCIqjl weiska rEmhla ne,Ql,ayS ukdmhla WmoS'wukdmhla WmoS'Tyq tysoS fufiaolshs'ugfuz ukdmh bm|=ks'wukdmh bm|=ks'ukdmwukdm rEmhla bm|=ks'th ixL; jQjls'Tz,drsljQjls'fya;m@;Hhkaf.ka we;sjQjls'huzlsis WfmaCIdjlafjzo th Ydka;h'm@KS;h'Tyqg WmkakdjQ tu ukdmwukdm ksreoaOjS"WfmaCIdj msysghs'

‘bOdkJo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd ‘bOdkJo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd ‘bOdkJo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd ‘bOdkJo NslaLq plaLqkd rEmx osiajd WmamcAc;s ukdmx WmamcAc;s wukdmx WmamcAc;s ukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd fida tajx mcdkd;s WmamkakxfLda fuz ukdmx Wmamkakx wukdmx Wmamkakx ukdmd wukdmd ;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakxwukdmd ;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakxwukdmd ;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakxwukdmd ;xp fLda ixL;x Tz,drslx mgspzp iuqmamkakx ta;x i;a;x tata;x i;a;x tata;x i;a;x tata;x i;a;x ta;x mKS;x hosox ;x mKS;x hosox ;x mKS;x hosox ;x mKS;x hosox WfmlaLd;s’WfmlaLd;s’WfmlaLd;s’WfmlaLd;s’

fuz wkqj bZ|=rkaf.ka wruqKq fkdf.k isgSufkdj bZ|=rkag f.daprjk wruqKqj, we,Su .egSu iqmrSCId ldrSj oelSfuka wdoSkj ie,lSfuka n,dfmdfrd;a;we;s lrfkd.ekSfuka uOHia:j isgSu bJ|@sNdjkdj f,i ie,fla'fuu l@shdj,sh foi rd.h fyda oafjzIh uq,alrf.k i,ldne,SfuzoS we,Su yd .egSu yg.kS' rd.fhka we,Suo"wlue;snj fyda oafjzIh uq,alrf.k Wmosk .egSuo"wruqKq yd iuznJOjSuls' isys l,amkdfjka isgsuska tys wdoSkj fufkysfldg thska wE;ajSug W;aiyj;aj;a jSu Ndjkdj jYfhka nq|=oyu W.kajknj fmfka'

fuh ldhps;a; fomrsoafokau jevshhq;a;ls ucAcsuksldfha uydipzpliQ;@fhys w.a.sfjiaik flfiakuz Ndjs; lh yd Ndjs; is;a we;af;afjzo fuu idikfhys kqjKe;s wdrAh Y@djlhdyg iem fjzokdjka WmoSo fy;u iemfjzokdjka iamrAY lrk,oafoau iemfhys fkdwef,hs'iemfhys we,quznjg fkdmeusfKa'tjsg Tyqf.a tu iem fjzokdjka ke;sfjz'

iemfjzokdj ke;sjSfuka |=lafjzokdj WmoSo fy;u tu |=lafjzokdfjka fYdalfkdlrhs' fjfyig m;a fkdfjz'fkdje,fmhss'Tyqf.a lhjevQnejska WmkakdjQo iemfjzokdj is;uevf.k fkdisgS' WmkakdjQ |=lafjzokdj is;uevf.k fkdisgS'fuu foaYkdfjka Ndjs; ps;a; Ndjs; ldh hkqlulaoehs hkak uekjska meyeos,sfjz'

we,Suz .egSuz wdoshg f,daN oafjzI uq,ajSfuka wruqfKys uOHia:jSug wf,daN wfodai wfuday uq,a jSu;aksid Ndjkdj yd iodpdrd;aul .Khka w;Hhka;fhkau iuznJOnj fuhska meyeos,sfjz'wli, is;sjs,a,la uq,ajSfuka huz ldhsl jdpisl udkisl l@shdjla lrkafkakuz th |=rdpdrl@shdjla jkw;r li,is;sjs,a,la uq,ajS fuka is|=flfrkl@shd iodpdr l@shdjlafjz'tfyhska Ndjkdj iuzmQrAKfhkau iodpdruh l@shdj,shlafjz nqoaOld,Sk iuyrwd.uslhka fuu iodpdrd;aul iSudjka fkdoekisgs nj fmfka'

iuyr uyKnuqfKda fuh li,hhso fuh wli,hhso fuh li,uQ,hhhso fuh wli,uQ,h hhso fkdoek isgshy'‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd ‘bO NslaLfjz talpzfpda iufKdajd n@yaun@yaun@yaun@yaufKdajd box l`i,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box l`i,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box l`i,ka;s h:dN~;xfKdajd box l`i,ka;s h:dN~;x ;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’;mamcdkdu box wli,x;s h:dN~;x kmamcdkdu’fn#oaO wdrAh Y@djlfhda li, wli,hka muKla fkdj tuuQ,hkao ukdfldgo;af;da jQy'fuhska meyeos,s lrkqfha wdrAh Y@djlhd by;lS uQ,hkao;af;la muKla fkdj Tyq thska iuHla oDIaGslfhlao jknjhs'

‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda ‘h:d fLda wrshidjflda wli,xp mcdkd;s wli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s l`i,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,xp mcdkd;s wli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s l`i,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,xp mcdkd;s wli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s l`i,uQ,xp mcdkd;swli,xp mcdkd;s wli,uQ,xp mcdkd;s l`i,uQ,xp mcdkd;s t;a;dms fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’t;a;dms fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’t;a;dms fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’t;a;dms fLda wrshidjflda iuzudosgzGs fyda;s Wcq.;diai osgzGs’

m@dK>d;doS l@shdjka 10oi wli,ah' fuuwli,hka is|=lsrSug uq,ajkQfha f,daNfodai fuday hk wli, uQ,hkah' fuys li,mCIh fuzjdhska je<lSuf,i;a"ta je<lSuiZoyd uq,ajkafka wf,daN wfodai wfuday hk li,uQ, ffp;islhkanj;a olajhs'wli,hka is|=lsrSu iZoyd n,mdkakdjQ tuis;sjs,s" okaoSfuzoS;a is,a/lSfuzoS;a Ndjkd lsrSfuzoS;a bj;alsrSug yelsjkw;r"tajdfhysfhoSfukali,hkaf.a oshqKqlsrSu;a is|=flfrA'

nq|=oyfuys odk iS, Ndjkd jYfhka mqKHl@shd;kla fjkfjku olajd ;snqk;a fuzjd wfkdakH jYfhka tlg neZoSmj;S' fuzwkqj odkhjqjo lsishuz Ndjkduhl@shdj,shlska odkh fN#;sl jia;jla w;yerSu mokuzfldg lsishuzflfklf.a cSjs;hg Wmldr lsrSu wfmaCIdfjkal<o tu w;ayerSu;< ;udi; jia;j flfrA we;s wdYdj neZoSu we,Su |=relsrSuo mj;S'thufkdauh l@shdjls'tanj‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda‘w;a;fkda ika;lxika;lxika;lxika;lx mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a;mriai mrs;a; ck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx ck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx ck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx ck iufha WmamcAckl ps;a;x odkx kdukdukdukdu’hkqfjka olajdwe;s js.@yfhka o meyeos,sfjz'

iS,h"j;ams,sfj;a lsrSu jekspdrs;@o i;kauerSfuka je,lSujeks pdrs;@o uq,ajQ l@shdj,shla jkkuq|=" tams,snZoj Wmojd.;hq; jevshhq; li,ais;sjs,s /ilawe;'tho Ndjkduh l@shdj,shls' wkqihjYfh ka mj;skakdjQ wli,aiy.;is;js,s iuqodhla m@dfhda.sljYfhka l@shdjg fkdkxjdisgSu iS,fhka is|= flfrA'tu fkdkxjd isgSu fyj;a je,lSu is|=jkafkao ukiuq,alrf.khs t;k iEfyk l@shdj,shla udkisl jYfhka is|=fjz'taksid th Ndjkduh l@shdj,shg iuznJO lsrSu Wps;h'

fuzwkqj f,daNdoS wli,is;sjs,s odkfhkao ldhjd.ajsZ{ma;sjYfhka lhjpkfhka we;sjk laf,aY Ou! YS,fhkao is;;< Wmosk laf,aYOu! Ndjkdfjkao uevmeje;ajsh hq;h'isf;ys Wmosk flf,ia rdYshla we;' wNsOu!fhys b.ekafjk ishZM wli,a ffp;isl isf;ys WmoS'fuz ish,a, wli,ffp;isl Ou!hs'tajd huzfyhlska m@dfhda.sl;ajhg m;ajqjfyd;a iudchg;a mqoa.,hdg;a wys;lrhs'taksid tajdhska je<lSu iodpdrhg we;<;a flfrA'

lsishuz l@shdjla iodpdrd;aul l@shdjlajkafka flfiaoehs jsuishhq;h'iodpdrd;aul l@shdjloS mqoa.,hdg;a iudchg;a is|=jkakdjQ hym; whym; hkfolgu m@uqLFjhoS we;'wuzn,gzGsl rdyqf,dajdo iQ;@fhaoS fuzms<snZoj uekjska idlpzpdlr we;'huz l@shdjla ;udf.a ys;iem msKsi mj;So wkawhf.a ys; iemmsKsi mj;So WNhmCIfhau ys;iem msKsi mj;So th iodpdrd;aul l@shdjls'

ld,du iQ;@fhao fuz.ek woyia olajdwe;'ucACOsu ksldfha nkaorl iQ;@fhaoS mqoa.,hka i;r fofkl ms<snZoj iZoykalr;sfnz'‘wka;;m fyj;a ;ud;jkmqoa.,hd mrka;m fyj;a wkqka;jk mqoa.,hd" wka;;m mrka;m fyj;a ;ukq;a wkqkq;a ;jk mqoa.,hd fkjkka;m w;a;x;m fkj mrka;m fyj;a ;ud;a wkqkq;a fkd;jk mqoa.,hd fuz mqoa.,hska i;rfokdhs'fuhska jvdu fydZo mqoa.,hdjkafka i;r fjksj iZoykal< ;eke;a;dh'

fuz ishZM lreKq mrSCIdlr n,kjsg"Ndjkdj iS,h yd neZ|=kq iudOs m@Z{d m@;s,dNhg fya;jQ fya;M, Ou!hkaf.a iujdfhkahqla; iodpdrd;aul l@shdj,shlanj meyeos,sfjz'taksid සාරධ�මwxYfhka m@uqLia:dk fhys,d .sKshhq; Wiiau සාරධ�මh njgo Ndjkdj iZoykal<hq;h'

ld,duiQ;@fhys jsia;rlr ;sfnk ishZM lreKq fulS fldgia folg wka;rA.; l<yelsh'tkuz Ndjkdjg yd iodpdrhg hkfldgia folgh'fuys iodpdrh hkq fjka yeZoskafjkafkao

සාරධ�මuh' fuz hgf;a i;rn@yau jsyrK Ndjkdjka Ndjkd fldgigo oijsOjQ pska;k wOsldrhka" mxpYS, m@;smodj"li, yd wli,uQ, hk Ou!lreKq iodpdrh fyj;a සාරධ�ම fldgigo wh;ah'

iykYS,s;ajh (Toleration)

wiykhhkq iekiSula bjiSula ke;snjhs'iykh kuzbjiSula f;;a .;shla we;snjhs'fuz,CIKh huz mqoa.,fhl fyda iudchla;<fjzkuz Tyq iykYS,S mqoa.,fhl` yegshg;a iudch iykYS,S tlla yegshg;a y|=kajdosh yelshs'fuziykYS,SFjh nq|=iufhys ms<s.kakd uQ<sl iodpdr iuzmkak bf.kSuls'

nq|=oyfuys mru ksIaGdjjQ ksjKo fuz iykh uq,afldg mj;S'taksid iykYS,SFjh ms<snZo b.ekajSu nq|=iufhys jsYsIaG;u b.ekajSula yegshg yeZoskajSu ksjerosh'mqoa., ika;dkfha f,daNh oafjzYh yd fudayh W;aikakjk m@udKhg wiykho jevsfjz'iykYS,S ukila iZoyd fuzjdfha ;kS lr.ekSula ;kSjSula wjYHhs

f,daNiy.; mqoa.,hd f,daNfha fyj;a ;DIaKdfjz odifhlnjgm;afjz' iEySulgfkdmeusK cSj;ajknj ‘W#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfidaW#fkda f,daflda w;sgzGd ;Kayd odfida’hkqfjka ucACOsu ksldfha rgzGmd, iQ;@fhaoS fmkajdoS we;'

oafjzYh jevsjQjsg wkawh;a iuZ. ldhsl yd udkisl jYfhka .efguska cSj;afjz'iykfhka cSj;a jSug mqoa.,hdjsiska we;slr.;hq; wdl,amuh mrsjrA;khla ms,snZoj Ouzumofha fufia iZoyka fjz'‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda‘iqiluzuk cSjdu fjzrxusiq wfjzrsfkda fjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiqfjzrsfkaiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wfjzrsfkda’'wfjzrsfkda’'wfjzrsfkda’'wfjzrsfkda’' flf,iaj,ska wd;rj frda.Sj cSj;ajk usksiqkaw;frys wms flf,iaj,ska wd;r fkdjS taldka;fhkau b;d iqjfia cSj;afjuq'

‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd wd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rd‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd wd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rd‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd wd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rd‘iqiqlxj;cSjdu wd;frAiq wkdlrd wd;frAiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdu wkd;rd’mialuz iem fijSfuys W;aiqljQ usksiqka w;frys wms tnZ|= W;aidyhla ke;sj taldka;fhka iqjfia cSj;afjuq'‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj;‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqldcSjdu W;aiqflaiq wkq;aiqld WWWW;;;; aiqflaiqaiqflaiqaiqflaiqaiqflaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq ukqiafiaiq jsyrdujsyrdujsyrdujsyrdu wkqiaiqld’lsishuz mqoa.,fhlg rd.doS lsisu m<sfndaOhla ke;ao tnZ|=jQ wms taldka;fhkau b;d iqjfia cSj;afjuq'wms wdNiair nUf,dj n@yauhkafia iuj;a iqjfhka we;sjk m@S;sh Nla;sjsZosuska jikafkuq'

‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd wdNiaird h:d’‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd wdNiaird h:d’‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd wdNiaird h:d’‘iqiqlxj; cSjdu fha ikaf;da kF:s lsxZCoplx mS;s Nla;d Njsiaidu foajd wdNiaird h:d’ ffjrfhka f;drj flf<iaj,ska wd;rfkdjS luziqj miqmi fkdt<jd flf<iajiZ. fkdjS ieye,a,q is;ska wdNiair fojshkafia m@S;sh wkqNjlruska jdih lsrSug ps;a; Yla;sh Wodjkafka iemh ms,snZo iykh ms<snZo ksjeros wjfndaOh we;s nqoaO Y@djlfhlghs'

wms lsisfjl ;ksj cSj;a fkdfjuq' lsishuz iudcixoN!hla;< iudc iuznJO;d mj;ajuska cSj;a fjuq'tysoS fiiq idudcslhskafj; fu;ais; me;srjSu w;HjYHh'tuksid iykYS,SFjfha moku ffu;@shhhs m@ldYlsrSu ksjerosh'wiSus;j bZ|=rka mskjSug WkJ|=jk ;eke;a;d wd;audrA:ldusfhls' wka;rAjrA;S fyj;a ;udme;a;gu fhduqjQ ufkdaNdjhkaf.ka hqla;jk Tyq wkawhf.a iemhg iykhg ndOdmuqKqjuska l@shdlrhs' we;euzjsg fiiq idudcslhska jsZosk iemiuzm;aflfrys BrAIHd mrjY fjz'wkqkafj; ffjrlrkjd BrAIHdlrkjd hkafkysf;areu mqoa.,hdf.a ufkdaNdjhka |+Is;jS wmjs;@jS ;sfnkjdhkakhs'|+Is; ukila we;s mqoa.,hdg iykhla Wreufkdfjz'

fn#oaOhdf.a iajNdjh jshhq;af;a wkqkaf.a iem iuzm;afoi uqos;d.Kfhka hqla;j n,uska TjqkaiuZ. iuZ.sfhka iudodkfhka m@S;sfhka jdihlsrSug W;aidylsrSuhs'tjka iudchl hym;a m@shxlr iudc iuznJO;d jO!khfjhs'lsishuz iudchla;< funZ|= iajrEmhla jO!kh fkd jkafkakuz f,#lsl cSjs;h wiykfhkamsrs tllafjz'

nq|=oyfuz W.kajkafka jia;ldu"laf,aYlduwdosfhkaa uq,djgm;afkdjshhq;njhs'lduhkag fyj;a wdidjkag wm .e;sjqjfyd;a iykYS,ScSjs;hla Tyqg Wreufkdjk nj rgzGmd, iQ;@fhaoS iZoykalf<a ta ksihs'tnZ|= mqoa.,hdg is|=jkafka uq|=kam;a lrfkd.;awdYdjkawe;sj ushhdughs'‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk‘W#kdj|=kajdk cyka;sfoaycyka;sfoaycyka;sfoaycyka;sfoayx’x’x’x’hkafkka tanjoelafjz'taksid fn#oaOhd wdYdjka lrKfldgf.k frda.sfhlanjg m;afkdfjz'

fuz ;;ajh mqoa.,hdf.a ldhsl yd udkisl iajNdjhgo w;sYhskan,mdhs'lduhkaf.ka fj,d.;a iudchl iykh iodpdrh mej;sh fkdfya'j;!udk f,dalfha;a jsfYaIfhka wmrfgz;a olakg ,efnkafka tjka iudchls'ngysr wh bosrsm;alrk woyfia yegshg lergzw,hg f,dnneZos wYajhd fihskao".skso,a,g,xjk m<.egshd fukao",smWv ie,sfha isgsk llZMjdfiao"luziem miqmi yUdhk mqoa.,hkag iykhla fkd,efnk nj oelafjz'(fuhska nq|=iuh mqoa.,hdf.a f,#lsl cSjs;h uqZMukskau m@;sfCImlrkafkahhs hkjeros ks.ukhg t<Ushhq;fkdfjz')by;lS wkaofuz mqoa.,hka jik iudchl meje;au Nhdklh'lrsreh' wiykYS,Sh'tuksid lduhkays odfhlfkdjS ieye,a,q is;ska pduzmeje;afuka cSjs;h .;lsrSu m@S;shg iyk hg fya; fjz'

idudkHfhka Ndr;Sh ckhd jsjsO f,daloDIaGSka yd wd.uz we;snj ms<s.ekSfuz yd hqla;s hqla;g .relsrSfuz keUqrejla olaj;s' thg fya;jkuz fuztlsfkl yd .efgk jsjsO oDIaGSka ish,a,u mru flaj,hu; rZodmj;sknj Tjqka is;Suhs' Tjqkaf.a u;h jsIhuQ,sljYfhka jsYajfha ishZMfohu tllah hkaku;;a"wd;auuQ<sl jYfhka ish,quudkjl@shdjka wdOHd;aujsoHd;aul yd woaffj; uQ< Ou!h u;;a"rZod mj;Sh hkak mokuzfldg mj;S'

fuf,dj tlsfkld yd .efgkoY!k mj;Shhkak fufkyslsrSfuz ;Fjhla Woa.;jQfha nqoafOdaFmdo ld,fha .xZ.dkoSusgshdjf;a fndfydak.r nsysjQld,fhah'‘ixch’kuz wZ[aZ[hjdoshd TzkEu wdOH;ausllreKla iuznJOfhka jsksYaphla.ekSu uZ.yersfha' Tyqgms<s;reoSug wdOkdl<jsg Tyq WNf;dafldagsljYfhka l;dlruska ksh; ms,s;rla fkdoS isgshs'Tyqf.a ms<s;frys i;H w:!h .@ykh lr.ekSu wdfZol w;ska w,a,d kj;d.ekSu ;ruz |=Ialrfjz'

tfy;a ffck wd.fuz wdoSl;!DjQ uydjSrfhda wfZ[hjdoh blaujdisgshy't;ud idfmaCI;djdoS kHdhla f,i kh hkakbosrsm;al< w;r tuZ.ska iuyr oDIaGsfldaK wkqj jeks fh|=uz weiqfrka fjkiajsksYaphka fjkiajsksYaphka bosrsm;al<yelsh'ima;Nx.SkHdh mqrdK Ndr;Sh odrAYkslhka w;rska fuz.egZMj .ek idl,Hfhkau fufkyslf,da f.#;u nq|=kajykafiahs'

ksulake;s jsjdohkaysfhoSisgs odY!kslhka yd wd.uslkdhlhka iajhxu;fhys wOdk.@dySjSu fuhg fya;jnejz t;fuda olaj;s'lsisod fkdjsiZoshyels wdOHd;ausl jdo jsjdohkays ksr;jSu fya;fjka Tjqka wli, lu!hka lrknejz Wkajykafiaf.a u;hhs' tnZ|= jsjdohkaiZoyd iyNd.SjSfuka je<lSisgs Wkajykafia tajd jsuqla;sh ,nd.ekSu iZoyd imqrdfkdjeo.;ajk nj ie,l~y'

nq|=rcdKkajykafia NsCIQkajykafiag W.kajd,Qfha ish,q jsjdoj,ska neyerjk f,i yd ishZM m@mxp fyj;a wd.usl wruqKq bgqlr.ekSug ndOdjkfoa blaujd jikf,ihs'Wkajykafia wkHhkaf.awoyia neyerfldg ishb.ekajSuzmuKla mru i;Hf,i fkdie,l~y'fuz wkqj wfkl;a odY!kslhka yd idud.@sfhka hqla;jjsiQy'fuz idud.@shksid Wkajykafiaf.ab.ekajSuz wfkl;ab.ekajSuz yd ieiZoshfkdyelsh'

Wkajykafiaf.ab.ekajSuz wks;ajdgjvd W;alDIaG fyda iudk fyda my;afyda hehs lsjfkdyelsh' ieiZ|=ula l<yelsjkafka fjkiau;folla w;r fmd|=u;hla we;akuz muks'nq|=rcdKkajykafiaf.a b.ekajSuz fjk;a Ou!j,ska fjkiajkafka tajdfhys bosrsm;aflfrk u;yd ks.ukflfrys tajd uOHia:jknejsks' nq|=rcdKka jykafia wkHorAYkhka my<jSfuz hqla;shqla;Ndjh oelajSug ;ruz WkJ|=jQy'ishZMu oY!k ishu;jdofhys wOdk.@dySf,ineZoSisgskl< wkjYHwhqrskao<oZvqiajNdjhla .kq isrs;ls'huz;dla usksiaiq jsYajdilr;akuz ta;dla iEu u;hlgu fya;jla we;'

nq|=rcdKkajykafia W.kajk mrsos fn#oaOhkajsiska ish,q wdldrfha oY!kj, tku;jdoj,ska wE;ajS isgSug h;akoruska ishu;h w.;sfhkaf;drj ;ndf.k ksrka;rfhka ;uka.eku fufkys l< hq;fjz' funZ|=wdl,amhla uydhdknqoaOd.fuz jsfYaIfhka‘ioaOrAumqKavrsl iQ;@fhys’ oelsh yelsfjz'iQ;@h iZoykalrk mrsos my< ugzgfuz iQ;@jqjo nq|=jre f,dalhg iuHlaud.!h myod,kqjia WmdhjYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nknj lshfjz'

jc@hdk .~Vjdofhkao tnZ|=u pska;kl@uhla oshqKqlrf.k we;' jc@hdkfhys tk us:HoDIaGsl b.ekajSuzmjd nqoaOd.fuz wx.f,iie,fla nq|=oyu wfkl;a wd.uzyd .efgk wd.ula fkjQjo th ta wdldrfhkau mru i;Hhfjz us:HdoDIaGslfhdao mrui;Hfhka m@NskakjQ ksrEmkfj;s'mrud:! oDIaGsfldK fhka n,kjsg jsYajfha nq|=oyu jYfhka we;af;a tla uQ,Ou!hla muKs'th jsjsO iuzm@odhhka jsiska jsjsOdld rfhka w:!jsjrKh lf<ahehs i<lkq ,efnz'

fuz iykYS,Snj (bjiSfuz .Kh) miqld,Sk fn#oaOhka w;r ta wdldrfhkau mj;ajdf.k ke;' nq|=oyu ia:dms; wd.ulanjg m;ajS thg wkqrEm jsfYaImqo isrs;a ksu!dKh lr.;amiq thg fjkia merKsiuzu; j,ska fj,Smej;s psrka;k iudcfhajQ wd.uz yd oY!k nq|=oyug tfrysj l@shd;auljSu b;sydifha ks;rolak g ,efnk iajNdjsl m@jK;djhls'kuq;a nq|=iufha olakg ,efnkakdjQ oevs wjsysxidjdoS iajrEmh fya;fldg f.k nq|=iuhg tfrysj l@shd;aul jkakdjQ n,fjz. iuZ. mjd wudkqIsl iajrEmfhys .egSula lsis|= rgl fuzjk f;la is|=jS fkdue;'fuu n,fjz. fn#oaONsCIQka >d;khlr wudkqIsl whqrska lghq;l<;a iuia; fn#oaO ck;dj bjiSfuka hq;j l@shdlr ;sfnz'

tfiau fjk;a wfkl;a us:HdjsYajdihkag tfrysnjla uQ<sl fn#oaO u;fhys fkdue;snejz ie,l~ Ndr;Sh fn#oaOhka ishZMfokdu mdfya tajgd ;rZ.ldrSjSug W;aidyl<nj;a fkdfmfka' tys m@;sM,hla jYfhka nq|=oyu wdishd;sl rgj, m@p,s; jSfuzoS ta ms,s.;a foaYSh ckfldgiaj, weoySuz yd .egqfka iaj,am jYfhks'

foaYcjQ;a iduzm@odhsljQ;a pdrs;@ jdrs;@ wdosh fn#oaOhkajsiska fndfydajsg bosrsm;a fkdlrk ,o w;r tajd f,fyisfhkau wdrCIs;jsh fn#oaO oDIaGsfldaKfhka n,kjsg tajd iodpdr iuzmkak f,i fmkS.sfhakuz w,q;ska yZ|=kajdfok,o nqoaOd.u yd Wfrkqr .egS mej;Sug tajdg yelsjQ w;r iuyrjsg tajd nqoaOd.u;<g wjfYdaIKh lr.kakd,oS'miqld,fhys nq|=oyu foaYSh wd.uzw;frka tlla;<g m@jsYaGjS thg odrAYksl iemhSug mjd bosrsm;ajS we;'

fjk;a mdrAYjhka iuZ. .egquz we;slr.kafka iykYS,SFjh fkdue;sjSuksidhs'iykYS,SFjh we;sjSug ;,kd;aul jYfhka lreKq js.@yfldg ne,shyelsjsh hq;h'tnZ|= uOHia:Ndjhla we;sjSug kuz jsjD; ukilska l@shdl< yelsjsh hq;h'jsjD; uki uOHia: iajNdjhg yd ;,kd;aul js.@yhg f;da;ekakls'th nqoaOs f.dapr jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKhlr fokaklao fjhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys bosrsm;ajk oijsOjQ pska;k Osldrhka"i;rn@yaujsyrK"mxpYS,m@;smodj" li, yd wli, uQ,hka hk OrAu lreKquZ.ska we;slr,kafka mqoa.,.; yd iudc.; iykYS,sFj hhs'

ld,duiQ;@fhys olajk,o oijsO jQ pska;k wOsldrhkaf.ka f;drjSu ;ukaf.a oelau ksjeros lr.ekSug fya;fjz'fuz hgf;a oDIaGskaf.ka uki msrsis|=lr.ekSu iZoyd lsis|=fohla ;oska .@yKh lr.ekSfuka je<lshhq;nj meyeos,sflfrA'TzkEu fohla ;oska .@yKh lsrSfuka je<lSu ;< udkisl iykYS,snj Wodfjzz'