BUCK converter fed by PV array
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Transcript of BUCK converter fed by PV array
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A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON
BUCK CONVERTER FED BY PV ARRAY
PRESENTED BY Monika Rout
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONPV SYSTEM APPLICATIONS OF PV SYSTEMCHARGE CONTROLLERBUCK CONVERTERMAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKINGADVANTAGESCONCLUSION
INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
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INTRODUCTION
For environmental concern and increase in peak power
demand, PV solar cells has become an alternative energy
source for green and clean power generation.
With the growing demand for renewable sources of energy, the
manufacturing of solar cells and pv array has advanced in
recent years.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
PV SYSTEM4
INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
CONVERTERLOAD
+
-
Vmodule
moduleIPV MODULE
+
-
ILOAD
V load
Fig.1. Block diagram of the PV system [1]
Fig.2.Simplified equivalent circuit diagram of pv cell[3]
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
PV SYSTEM(contd..) The PV cell output voltage is a function of the photocurrent
which is mainly determined by load current depending on the
solar radiation level during the operation.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
0
0
ln ph CCc S C
I I IKTV R I
e I
…………(1)
APPLICATIONS
– Agriculture– Industry, Telecommunications & Public Services– Internal space station– Health– Residential
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
EUROPE
ASIA,JAPAN
NORTH AMERICA
INDIA,CHINA
SOUTH AMERICA
REST
30%15%
25%
7%
20%
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
Fig.3.Status of the PV technology worldwide.[6]
3%
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
CHARGE CONTROLLER
Charge controller regulates the charging and discharging of a
battery.
Such controllers are mainly used where loads are
unpredictable.
The batteries are optimized or undersized to minimize the
initial cost.
SHUNT TYPE CHARGE CONTROLLER10
Pv array
Charge controller
Blocking diode
battery+
_ load
S1
S2
Fig.4 circuit diagram for shunt charge controller[2]
SERIES TYPE CHARGE CONTROLLER11
Pv array
Charge controller
battery+
_ load
S1S2
Fig.5 circuit diagram for series charge controller[2]
DC TO DC CONVERTER TYPE CHARGE CONTROLLER
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Pv array Dc to dc converterload
battery
Fig.6 circuit diagram for dc to dc charge controller[2]
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
MPPT CHARGE CONTROLLER
MPPT stands for maximum power point tracking
All types of solar installations will be benefited by using
MPPT technology.
To charge battery in more efficient manner, the pv array is
operated at a point where the pv output power is maximum.
To extract maximum power from pv array, a dc to dc converter
is used between the pv array and the battery
THE BUCK CONVERTER
o The buck is a non-isolated power stage topology, sometimes
called a step down power stage.
o These converters produce a lower average output voltage than
the DC input voltage.
o It consists of a DC input voltage source , inductor 𝑉𝑠 L,
controlled switch (BJT), diode D, filter capacitor C, and load
resistance R.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
Fig.7 circuit diagram for buck converter[5]
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
Fig.8 waveform diagram for buck converter[5]
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
Photovoltaic system displays an inherently nonlinear current
voltage (I-V) relationship .
When a solar pv module is used in a system, its operating
point is decided by the load to which it is connected.
To ensure the operation of pv modules for maximum power
transfer, method is called MPPT.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
Fig.7. Current/power Vs Voltage plot with MPPT [2]
ADVANTAGES
• No fuel requirement
• National economic benefits
• Easy to maintain
• Long life
• Environment friendly
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
CONCLUSION
• A dc-dc buck converter is introduced between PV system and load to meet the dynamic energy requirement of the load in an efficient way. It is observed that, the buck converter largely increases the system efficiency by using MPPT technique.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE
REFERENCE[1] S. Rahmam, M. A. Khallat, and B. H. Chowdhury, “A discussion on
thediversity in the applications of photovoltaic system,” IEEE Trans.,Energy Conversion, vol. 3, pp. 738–746, Dec. 1988.
[2]Chetan Singh Solanki,”Solar Photovoltaics,fundamentals,technologies and applications”, second edition, PHI LEARNING Private Limited,2012.
[3]B.Chitti Babu, R.Vigneshwaran, Sudarshan Karthik, Nayan Ku. Dalei,Rabi Narayan Das, “A Novel Technique for Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Energy Conversion System”, Proc. of International Conf. on Computer Applications in Electrical Engineering, IIT Roorkee. pp.276-279,CERA 2010.
[4] S.Sukhatme,J.nayak “SOLAR ENERGY : PRINCIPLES OF THERMAL COLLECTION AND STORAGE”, Third edition,Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.
[5]Dr. P.S Bimbhra: “Power electronics”, KHANNA PUBLISHERS, New Delhi,2010.
[6] G. Foley: “Photovoltaic Applications in Rural Areas of the Developing World”. World Bank, 2012.
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INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH,SOA University DEPT. of EICE