Bucharest, 14th May 2004 The future of manufacturing in Europe and the role of nanotechnologies Ezio...

Bucharest, 14th May 2004Bucharest, 14th May 2004

The future of manufacturing The future of manufacturing in Europe and the role of in Europe and the role of

nanotechnologiesnanotechnologies

Ezio ANDRETADirector “Industrial Technologies”

Research Directorate-generalEuropean Commission

These pages do not represent any commitmenton behalf of the European Commission.Please refer to official documents.See, e.g.: http://www.cordis.lu/fp6;http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.html;http://www.cordis.lu/nanotechnology


Manufacturing today worldwide…

• Around 25% of GDP (22% in EU22% in EU)

• In Europe about 2.5 million enterprises (of which 99% SMEs) and 28% of employment• European strengths:

knowledge generation, products customisation, creativity

• European weaknesses:low productivity growth, low development of high-tech industries, low innovation, skill gaps


Important economic changes to come …

EXPORT MARKET SHARES(percentage on world export values - excluding EU intra-regional exports -

at current prices and market exchange rates)

0

5

10

15

20

25

EU USA Japan China


Source : “ Will ‘Made in USA’ Fade Away”, Fortune Nov 24, 03


GLOBALISATION ICT

HAVE REVERSED TIME AND SPACE

CONCEPTS

TIME=ZERO SPACE=GLOBAL

EFFICENCY DIMENSION

NEW CHALLENGES


Economic development: a vision

OLD• Time: extended• Space: local

NEW• Time: zero (real time)• Space: global

time efficiency zero Sustainabilitysubsidiarity

space

- Concentration on added value- collaborations

roledimension

organisationglobal


• LINEARITY = a simple function expanded step by step in time

• COMPLEXITY = a system composed of many linear functions characterized

by a global dynamic which is different from the dynamic of each function

• LINEAR APPROACH = chain of production

• COMPLEX APPROACH = simultaneous engineering


SIX MAIN CHANGES

• From linearity to complexity

• From individual to system competitiveness

• From resources-based to knowledge-based economy

• From macro to micro

• From top down to bottom up production systems

• From mono-disciplinarity to trans-disciplinarity


Transition from a « traditional economy » based on traditional resources to a new

economy based on knowledge

The triplet « land-labour-capital » is replaced by knowledge –capital

…this implies moving from an economy of ‘quantity‘ to an economy of

‘quality’, from an economy of ‘use and waste’ to a sustainable economy


OLD

• Compact enterprise

• Production chain

• Mass production

• Quantity driven

• Resource-intensive

• Production driven

• Linear approach (Taylorism in production)

NEW

• Extended enterprise• Network of suppliers• Focus to added

value• Quality driven• Brain intensive• Demand driven• Simultaneous

approach


Novel activities and the new generation of high-tech industries

are showing up on the market

The shift from labour-intensive to brain–intensive operations modifies

jobs and skills required


CONVERGING DISCIPLINES

TECHNOLOGIES

FROMFROM TO

MONO MULTI INTER TRANS

INFOBIO

NANOCOGNITIVE

INFO/BIONANO/BIO

NANO/INFO

NANO/INFO/BIO NANO/INFO/BIO/COGN


Societal Issues

EncourageInnovation

KnowledgeGeneration

Education and Training

Infrastructure

A Competitive R&D System

Industries Universities Research inst. Finance Policy makers

Ethics, health & safety Information + dialogue Acceptance

Interdisciplinarity Entrepreneurship

Fiscality Finance Patents, IPRs Norms/regulations Administrative rules Demand

Main challengesMain challenges


The importance of the multi-disciplinary approach to improve EU competitiveness in the context of socio-economic sustainability

Highlight the importance of international co-operation

Improve the image of Manufacturing The need of a competitive EU research

To conceive the entire production system in such a way that high added value and quality of final products and services can substantially absorb labour costs

To build up competitive knowledge-based systems

Finally, two main challenges:

Key issues from the Conference Manufuture


Rapid Growth of Interest in Nanotechnology R&DRapid Growth of Interest in Nanotechnology R&DPublic expenditure in nanotechnology is growing by ~40%

annually to around 3.5 billion €/$ in 2003.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

EuropeJapanUSAOthers

Pu

bli

c e

xp

en

dit

ure

( 1

€ =

1$

)

NNI(USA)

FP6(EU)

Source: European Commission (2003)

453020

70

100

180

300

340

materials

electronics

pharmaceuticals

chemicals

aerospace

nanotech tools

healthcare

sustainability

Our “Nano” Economy in the next 15-20 Years…?Our “Nano” Economy in the next 15-20 Years…?Total:

1,000 Billion

US$ p.a.


Why is nanotechnology importantWhy is nanotechnology importantfor European society and industry?for European society and industry?

Analysts estimate that the market for products based on nanotechnology could rise to hundreds of billion by

2010 and exceed one trillion after

1

10

100

1000

10000

2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Year

Mar

ket V

olum

e (€

bill

ion)

European Activities in Nanotechnology R&D:European Activities in Nanotechnology R&D:

Several countries started national nanotechnology between the mid-1980’s and mid-1990’s

Overall investment of around 200 million € in 1997 has risen to around 1,000 million € in 2003

Levels of public investment vary considerably between 0.05 and 5.6 € per citizen Transnational projects in the EU’s 4th (~30M€/year) and 5th (~45M€/year) Framework

Programmes Nanotechnology identified as a main priority area in the 6th Framework Programme

(~250M€/year)


Nanotechnology Nanotechnology ApplicationsApplications

Medicine and Health

InformationTechnology

Materials Science

Food, Water and the Environment

Instruments

Energy Production / Storage

GMR Hard Disk

Hydrogen Fuel Cells

Lightweight and strong

Drug delivery

Tunneling microscopy

Remediation methods

Expected to impact upon virtually all technological sectors as an “enabling” or “key” technology


The European approach:The European approach:integrated and responsibleintegrated and responsible

Researchand

Development

Societal Issues

Infrastructure

HumanResources

IndustrialInnovation

InternationalCooperation

Health, safety, environmental and consumer

protection

Nanotechnology R&TD+I require actions on several fronts

COM(2004)/338COM(2004)/338


R&D: Building the MomentumR&D: Building the Momentum

European ppublic investmentublic investment in nanotechnology R&D should increase by a factor of 3 by 2010increase by a factor of 3 by 2010

Focus upon transforming our knowledgetransforming our knowledge into wealth generating products and processes

Reinforce the next FP for added-value via critical mass, transnational collaboration and critical mass, transnational collaboration and competitioncompetition

Effective coordination of national programmescoordination of national programmes with both OMC and ERA-NET mechanisms

Bring public and private stakeholders togetherpublic and private stakeholders together to strengthen roadmap and foresighting activities


MarketMarketNational European Globalised E-commerce Knowledgeoriented & user driven based society

Indust. Indust. approachapproach

Supplier Market Environment & Concentration High A.V. &oriented oriented customer driven & Networking integration

RTD RTD approachapproach

Technology Market System Society Sustainability Radicalpush pull oriented oriented & problem- innovation

solving & Break- through

yearsyears1983 1986

Single act1990 1993

Maastricht1997

Amsterdam1999Euro

2000…...Enlargem.

EU RTD FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES

FP 1(1983-87)

FP 2(87-91)

FP 3(90-94)

FP 4(94-98)

FP 5(98-02)

FP 6(02-06)

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