Btn410 Slides

Chapter 1

Panko and Panko Business Data Networks and Security

9th edition

Panko and Panko Business Data Networks and Security, 9th Edition 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall

Into the Cloud

Basic Network Concepts

Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards

A Small Home Network

2

The cloud imagery indicates that the user does not have to understand how systems inside the cloud operate.

3

SSID FBP FBP FBP

BSSID A1-B2-C3-D4-E5-F6 BB-D5-33-D4-6B-DD

19-FF-AE-D4-EC-63

Signal -85 dBm -60 dBm -60 dBm Mode 802.11g 802.11n 802.11n Channel 11 48 44 Encryption AES-CCMP AES-CCMP AES-CCMP

Authentication WPA2/PEAP WPA2/PEAP WPA2/PEAP

Vendor Cisco Cisco Cisco

6

BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) Problem Number of smartphones and tablets is exploding Owned by the employees but used partially for

business purposes Great diversity in smartphone and tablet

operating systems Device security is improving but limited

7

Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards


8

Working Definition

9

The client and the server share processing work.

13

P2P Processing can be done without a network (as shown) or with a network.

No servers are needed.

14

Transmission Speed Measurements

Bits per second (bps)

Usually not bytes per second (Bps)

Metric Suffixes

Kilobits per second

kbps (lowercase k) 1,000 bits per second (not 1,024)

Megabits per second

Mbps 1,000 kbps

Gigabits per second

Gbps 1,000 Mbps

Terabits per second

Tbps 1,000 Gbps

15

File Downloads 100 kbps

1 Mbps

5 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

E-mail message (250 words)

.15 s 0 s 0 s 0 s 0 s 0 s

Photograph (5 MB)

8 m 1 m 10 s 5 s 1 s 0.1 s

1 Hr HTDV Video (10 Mbps)

4 d 10 h 2 h 1 h 6 m 36 s

Backup Synch (10 GB)

12 d 28 h 6 h 3 h 17 m 2 m

16

Live or Streaming Media

100 kbps

1 Mbps

5 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

MP3 Song (10 kbps)

OK OK OK OK OK OK

Standard Quality TV (2 Mbps)

OK OK OK OK

HDTV (10 Mbps) OK OK OK

Three HDTV Channels

OK OK

17

Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards


18

Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards


29

Capitalization of internet With an uppercase I, Internet means the global

Internet we use every day. With a lowercase i, internet means any internet

or the internet layer.

31

Basically, Kahn and Cerf created a second layer of networking on top of single networks.

This required the creation of a parallel set of concepts for single networks and internets.

Single networks and internets use similar concepts but give these concepts different names.

It is important for you to get this clear in your head.

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Component Generic Terminology

Single Networks

Internets

Addresses Vary by network technology

32-bit IPv4 Addresses and 128-bit IPv6 Addresses

Packets are called Packets Frames Packets Packet switches are called

Switches Switches Routers

End-to-end routes are called

Data links Routes

33

Component Generic Terminology

Single Networks

Internets

Addresses Vary by network technology

32-bit IPv4 Addresses and 128-bit IPv6 Addresses

Packets are called Packets Frames Packets Packet switches are called

Switches Switches Routers

End-to-end routes are called

Data links Routes

34

Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards


38

Networks can be described at several layers of detail. By analogy, humans can be described sociologically,

psychologically, in terms of musculature, and at the cell level.

Each layer provides services to the layer above it. The road provides service to the car tires. The car tires provide service to the car. The car provides service to the driver. A commercial driver provides service to the goods

being delivered.

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1. Physical links are

connections between adjacent pairs of devices

2. The data link is the packets path through the network In this case: X-A-B-D-F-Y

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How many data links does the packet pass through?

How many physical links does the packet pass through?

Name them.

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Formed by graduate students to create standards for the ARPANET.

Called their standards Requests for Comment (RFCs). Did not feel that they had the authority to create

standards, so they used the weaker term RFC.

The NWG evolved into todays standards body for the Internet, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

Internet standards today are still called RFCs.

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43

Dashed line shows the path of a packet

44

How many physical links are there between the two hosts?

Physical links connect adjacent devices, as noted earlier.

45

A data link is the path of a frame through a single

network, as noted earlier.

There is one data link per network. How many data links are in the figure?

46

A route is a packets path through an internet. Added for internets.

How many routes are there in the figure?

Layer Name Broad Purpose Specific Purpose 5 Application 4 Transport 3 Internet 2 Data Link

Single-network transmission (switched or wireless)

Connection across a single network, Frame formats and switch operation

1 Physical Physical connections between adjacent devices

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Layer Name Broad Purpose Specific Purpose 5 Application 4 Transport

Internet Transmission

Application message fragmentation, error correction, congestion reduction, etc.

3 Internet Transmission of packet across an internet, Packet formats, router operation

2 Data Link 1 Physical 50

Number Name Broad Purpose Specific Purpose 5 Application Communication

between applications

Same

4 Transport 3 Internet 2 Data Link 1 Physical

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Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standards


52

IP Internet layer protocol Unreliable best-effort internet layer operation

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TCP Transport layer protocol TCP messages are called segments Provides transport layer functionality to fix

problems Error correction, and so on

UDP The other transport layer protocol Messages are called datagrams Unreliable, so used when reliability is not desired

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Layer Standard(s) Transport Layer Transmission

Control Protocol (TCP)

Fragmentation Error Correction

Congestion control

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

No Fragmentation No Error Correction

No Congestion Control

Internet Layer Internet Protocol (IP) IPv4 and IPv6

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To use the Internet, you need an Internet service provider and

an access line to your ISP.

Your ISP gives you access and carries

your packets.

Organizations also need ISPs.

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ISPs collectively comprise the Internet backbone. They interconnect at Network Access Points (NAPs)

to exchange packets. 57

IP, TCP, and UDP are standards for delivery packets.

TCP/IP also has supervisory protocols: To handle things beyond packet delivery. Managing IP addresses. Error handling, and so on. We will look at two supervisory protocols in this

chapter. We will look at many more in Chapter 10.

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Into the Cloud


Packet Switching

Internetworking

Layers

Internet Standard

A Small Home Network 66

The ISP gives the home one IP address. The home network has multiple devices that need IP addresses.

69

The access router DHCP circuit gives private IP addresses to other devices.

70

NAT allows multiple internal hosts to share a single external IP address.

External sniffers cannot learn internal addresses. 71

Welcome to the CloudSlide Number 21.2: Cloud File Synch/Distribution1.3: Software in the Cloud1.4: Wireless Sniffer Radar Map1.5: Wireless Sniffer Details TableBYODSlide Number 81.6: Basic Network Terminology1.6: Basic Network Terminology1.6: Basic Network Terminology1.6: Basic Network Terminology1.7: Client/Server Processing1.8: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Processing1.9: Transmission Speed1.10: Download Times for Applications1.10: Download Times for ApplicationsSlide Number 181.11: Data Burstiness1.11: Data Burstiness1.12: Packet Switching and Multiplexing1.12: Packet Switching and Multiplexing1.13: Sequential Switching Decisions1.13: Sequential Switching Decisions1.13: Sequential Switching Decisions1.14: Address-Based Switch Forwarding Decision1.15: Physical and Data Links1.15: Physical and Data LinksSlide Number 291.17: InternetTerminology1.18: Two Layers of Networking1.18: Two Layers of Networking1.18: Two Layers of Networking1.19: Packets and Frames1.19: Packets and Frames1.19: Packets and FramesSlide Number 38Network layers1.20: Physical Links and Data Links1.20: Physical Links and Data LinksNetwork Working Group1.20: Physical Links, Data Links, and Routes1.20: Physical Links, Data Links, and Routes1.20: Physical Links, Data Links, and Routes1.20: Physical Links, Data Links, and Routes1.21: Internet and Transport Standards1.21: Internet and Transport Standards1.22: Networking Layers1.22: Networking Layers1.22: Networking LayersSlide Number 521.24: Core TCP/IP Standards1.24: Core TCP/IP Standards1.23: Core TCP/IP Standards1.24: The Internet Today1.24: The Commercial InternetInternet Supervisory Protocols1.25: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol1.25: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol1.25: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol1.26: Domain Name System (DNS)1.26: Domain Name System (DNS)1.26: Domain Name System (DNS)1.26: Domain Name System (DNS)Slide Number 661.27: Home Network1.27: Home Network1.29: DHCP in a Small Home Network1.29: DHCP in a Small Home Network1.30: Network Address Translation (NAT)

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