b.tech It Workshop and Printing

7/29/2019 b.tech It Workshop and Printing

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INDEX

S.No. Exp.No. Experiment NamePage

Number

1 1 Identification of Parts of A Computer 12 2 How to assemble a PC or How to build a PC 93 3 How to disassemble a PC 214 4 DOS commands 225 5 Windows XP installation 31

6 6Installation of LINUX (FEDORA 8)

38

7 7 Linux commands 478 8 Hardware troubleshooting 569 9 Software troubleshooting 6010 10 Orientation & connectivity boot camp 6811 11 Web browsers, surfing the web 7112 12 Search engines & netiquette 76

13 13 Cyber hygiene 78

14 14 Internet security 80

15 15 Different ribbons 8116 16 Designing and Performing Mail Merge 8317 17 Freeze or lock rows and columns 91

18 18 Applying auto fill, format cells, formatting text 93

19 19 Implementing conditional formatting 97

20 20Preparing slides using slide orientation, slide layouts,

backgrounds, auto shapes, inserting images, bullets and

numbering, hyperlinks and tables.

106

21 21 Prepare a presentation using custom animation on pollution 115

22 22 Preparing a personal website using Microsoft/ equivalent(Foss) tool publisher 120


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EXPERIMENT-1

IDENTIFICATION OF PARTS OF A COMPUTER

A Computer is a high speed electronic device which accepts the given data, processes

it and gives required information to the user.

It generally comprises of the following parts:

Motherboard

Processor

RAM

Heat Sink

Cabinet

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

Floppy Disk Drive (FDD)

CD ROM Drive

CD Writer

Different Screws Used

AGP Card

LAN Card

PCI & PCI Express Cards

Power Supply(SMPS)

Input Devices


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Output Devices

MOTHERBOARD:

It is the main system board on which all the operations are done. It is a platform used for

connecting and interacting with several devices to perform operations

Motherboard contains the following parts:

Processor Socket:

In general a processor is inserted in the motherboard through a socket called Socket

XXX Connector.

RAM Slots:

RAM is generally connected in these slots. They are referred as DDR DIMM Memory

Slot

IDE Slots:

IDE stands for Integrated Drive Electronics. It is used for connecting Hard Disk

Drives, CD Drives and Floppy Drives. They are generally referred as HDD Header and FDD

Header.

North Bridge:

It is also called Heat Sink of Motherboard. A chip where the RAM, Processor andIDE devices exchange data among themselves is called North Bridge. It acts as the Heart of

Motherboard. It is generally termed as CHIPSET.

SATA Headers (Serial ATA):

These are called Serial ATA (Advanced Technology Attachments) headers used for

connecting Hard Disk Drives and CD/DVD Writer

PCI Slots:


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PCI stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect used for the expansion of the

board. Through these devices we can connect Modems, TV tuner cards Sound Cards, LAN

cards etc,.

AGP Slots:

AGP stands for Accelerated Graphics Port used for connecting Graphic Cards

which enhance the performance of a Game. General speeds of AGP slots are 1x, 2x, 4x, and

8x. These numbers denote the amount of bandwidth required by the cards.

PCI Express Slot:

The 16x AGP slots are generally termed as PCI Express slots. An SLI Motherboard

consists of two PCI Express Slots. These are used for enhancing Graphic Performance.

South Bridge:

A chip where the data between RAM, PCI/AGP Slots and IDE Devices are exchanged

is called Southbridge chipset.

ROM:

It is a non volatile memory means permanent storage device it is used to store BIOS

BIOS:

(Basic Input Output System): BIOS is an interface between hardware and the

software. FIRMWARE is the technical term for BIOS.

CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) :

Mother board includes a separate block of memory which needs very less power

called CMOS. This chip is always on by using a battery even when the power is off.

Back Panel Connectors:

These are used for connecting the input and output devices. The Back panel

connectors consists of PS/2 ports for Keyboard and Mouse , VGA port for connecting


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Monitor, Serial and Parallel ports for Communication, COM ports, a Dummy port Integrated

USB and LAN Ports, and Speaker/Mic Line IN/OUT

.

Power Connectors:

For running of any electronic device we need a power supply port. In motherboards

there are two types of power supplies AT power supply and ATX power supply. In additional

to it a 12V ATX Connector is needed for booting the Processor.

Front Panel Connector:

These are used for connecting the power switch, reset switch, Front Speakers, Power

LED, HDD LED, and Front USB

A COMPLETE MOTHERBOARD WITH ALL COMPONENTS LABELED


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PROCESSOR:

A processor is the logic circuitry that responds to and processes the basic instructions

that drive a computer. The term processor has generally replaced the term central processing

unit (CPU). The processor in a personal computer or embedded in small devices is often

called a microprocessor.

RAM:

Ram(Random Access Memory) is volatile memory that means temporary memory it

requires power supply any thins that is stored in the ram is erased when the power is off For

Main Memory two types of memory chips are used

SIMM (Single Inline Memory Module):only pins on onside, less speed

DIMM (Dual inline Memory Module) :pins on both side, high speed

There are two types of RAMs

SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic): it contains two notches (DIMM Type) and it is of 64 bit

and contains 168 pins and speed is 66MHz/100MHz/133MHz

DDR (Double Data Rate): it contains only one notch (DIMM Type. It is of 64 bit and

contains 184 pins and speed is 166MHz/200MHz/233MHz/333MHz/400MHz


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HEAT SINK:

Heat sinks function by efficiently transferring thermal energy ("heat") from an object

at a relatively high temperature to a second object at a lower temperature with a much greater

heat capacity. This rapid transfer of thermal energy quickly brings the first object into

thermal equilibrium with the second, lowering the temperature of the first object, fulfilling

the heat sink's role as a cooling device

CABINET

A system case is a metal and plastic case that houses the main components of the

computer. it protects the computer hardware from heat ,light ,temperature

HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD):

A hard disk drive (HDD), commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or

fixed disk drive, is a non-volatile storage device which stores digitally encoded data on

rapidly rotating platters with magnetic surfaces..

FLOPPY DISK DRIVE(FDD):

A floppy disk is a data storage medium that is composed of a disk of thin, flexible

("floppy") magnetic storage medium encased in a square or rectangular plastic shell. Floppy

disks are read and written by a floppy disk drive orFDD.

AGP Card:

DDR1

DDR3DDR2

SD


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The purpose of this card is to enhance the graphic performance of the system.

LAN (Local Area Network):

The purpose of this card is to connect the system to the network.

PCI & PCI Express CARDS:

PCI Local Bus (usually shortened to PCI), or Conventional PCI, specifies a

computer bus for attaching peripheral devices to a computer motherboard. These devices can

take either the form of an integrated circuit fitted onto the motherboard itself, called a planar

device in the PCI specification or an expansion card that fits into a socket. The name PCIis

initialism formed fromPeripheral Component Interconnect.

POWER SUPPLY:

SMPS: The power supply / SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) is a transformer and

a voltage control device in a computer . It transfers power to all the electronic components

by converting the AC (Alternating current /high power current) to DC (Direct current / Low

power) supply.The power supply also contains the main fan that controls the flow of air

through the system case. This fan is major component in pc cooling system.


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INPUT DEVICES:

The devices that are used for providing information to the system are called Input

Devices. Some of the major input devices are Keyboard, Mouse, Tablet Pen, Joystick etc,.

Keyboard Joystick

OUTPUT DEVICES:

The devices that are used for showing the result for the provided input are called

Output devices. Some of the examples are Monitor, Projectors, Printers, etc, .

Printer monitor


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EXPERIMENT-2

HOW TO ASSEMBLE A PC OR HOW TO BUILD A PC

ASSEMBLING:

All the computer components put together in a proper way is called Assembling.

(or)

Assembling is the process of collecting and joining the system components to form a

complete system.

REQUIRED COMPONENTS:

Cabinet

Processor(CPU)

Heat sink fan

Motherboard

RAM(Random Access Memory)

HDD with IDE Cable

FDD with Cable

CD /DVD Drive with Cable

SMPS(switching mode power supply)


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Keyboard

Mouse

Monitor

Printer(optional)

AGP card

LAN card(optional)

Modem(optional)

STEPS REQUIRED FOR ASSEMBLING:

Step1: Preparing the Chassis

Open the side door of the cabinet.

Lay the cabinet on its side.

Place the I/O shield into the corresponding ports case


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Step2: Installing the motherboard

Put the mother board in place. Drive in all the required screws.


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Step3: Installing the processor (CPU)

Lift the CPU lever on the Motherboard.

Place the CPU properly on the Motherboard.

Pull down the Lever to secure the CPU in place.


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Step4: Installing the CPU fan

Place the heat sink on the processor.

Put the jacks in place and secure the heat sink with the lever.


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Step5: Installing the RAM

Open the clips on motherboard RAM slot.

Pull down the RAM into the slot.

Make sure the both the clips hold the RAM properly.


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Step6: Installing the SMPS

Place the SMPS into the Cabinet.

Screws the SMPS in place tightly.


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Step7: Installing the HDD

Place the hard disk drive into the bay.

Secure the drive with screws.

Connect the power cable from SMPS (4 Pin).


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Connect the data cable from motherboard into drive (40 Pin).

Step8: Installing the FDD

Place the floppy disk drive into the bay.



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Connect the power cable from SMPS.

Connect the data cable from motherboard into drive(34 Pins).

Step9: Installing the CDROM Drive

Place the floppy drive into the bay.



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Connect the power cable from SMPS.

Connect the data cable from motherboard into drive(40 Pins).

Step10: Installing the LAN Card

Push the card into the PCI slot.

Secure the card with screws.


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Step11: Connecting Various Cables

Connect the large ATX power connector to the motherboard power supply port.

Connect the cabinet cables for Power, Reset button in the appropriate part of the

motherboard.

Connect the VGA cable of the monitor into the motherboard.

Plug in cabinet fan cable.

If mouse and keyboard are ps/2 then connect to the ps/2 or else connect to USB port.

Connect the speaker cables into the audio port.

Plug in the power cable from SMPS into the UPS

Plug in the power cable of the monitor.


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EXPERIMENT-3

HOW TO DISASSEMBLE A PC


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DISASSEMBLING:

The process of removing all the hardware components is called disassembling.

STEPS FOR DISASSEMBLING:

Remove the screws of a cabinet and remove the side cover.

Remove the external peripheral cards like LAN, sound, VGA etc by remove the

screws.

Remove Disk drives:

o remove the screws of each(HDD,FDD,CD) drive on both sides of a drive

o remove the power cable of each drive.

o remove the Data cables like IDE or SATA.

o Pull out the drive from the cabinet.

Remove SMPS.

o Disconnect all the power cables from the power supply

o Lift the power supply out of the cabinet.

Remove the processor (CPU).

Remove the heat sink and fan from the processor.

Remove the processor from the socket.

Remove the RAM from the RAM slots.

Remove the Motherboard.

o Disconnect all the cables like keyboard, monitor etc

o Remove all the LED (power LED,HDD LED etc..) connections of the cabinet.o Remove all the screws of a motherboard.

o Lift the motherboard out.

EXPERIMENT-4

DOS COMMANDS


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1. Command Name: help

Description: It provides help information for DOS commandsSyntax: help

Example:D:\>help dateDisplays or sets the date

2. Command Name: md or mkdir

Description: It is used to create a directorySyntax: mkdir Example:

D:\>mkdir adarshD:\>dirVolume in drive D is DataVolume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\04/09/2012 03:58 PM adarsh

3. Command Name: cd or chdir

Description: Displays the name of or changes the current directory.Syntax: cd Example:

D:\>cd adarshD:\ adarsh >

4. Command Name: dir

Description: Displays a list of files and subdirectories in a directory.

Syntax: dirExample:D:\>dirVolume in drive D is Data

Volume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\02/24/2012 02:10 AM abc04/09/2012 03:58 PM adarsh


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5. Command Name: rmdir or rd

Description: It removes the directory.Syntax:rmdir

Example:D:\ adarsh >cd ..D:\>rmdir adarshD:\>dirVolume in drive D is DataVolume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\03/05/2012 04:02 PM 00702/04/2012 03:00 PM 13,192 11p31a0581.docx02/24/2012 02:10 AM abc

6. Command Name: copy con

Description: It is used to create a fileSyntax: copy con Example:

D:\raj>copy con raju.txthi this is adarshnow i am executing DOS commands in it workshop lab^Z1 file(s) copied.

7. Command Name: type

Description: It displays the contents of a text file.Syntax: type Example:

D:\raj>type raju.txt

Hi this is adarshNow i am executing DOS commands in it workshop lab

8. Command Name: edit

Description: It provides an editor where you can change or append new content to thealready existing content in a file

Syntax:edit Example:


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D:\raj>edit raju.txtD:\raj>type raju.txthi this is adarshi am studying my b.tech in adarsh college of engineering

Now i am executing DOS commands in it workshop lab

9.Command Name: ren or rename

Description: Renames a file or files.Syntax: rename Example:

D:\raj>rename raju.txt ravi.txtD:\raj>dirVolume in drive D is Data

Volume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\raj04/13/2012 11:27 AM .04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ravi.txt02/23/2012 10:31 PM 53 vicchu.txt2 File(s) 203 bytes2 Dir(s) 177,945,829,376 bytes free

10.Command Name: copy

Description: It copies the content from source file to destination file.Syntax: copy Example:

D:\raj>copy ravi.txt ramu.txt1 file(s) copied.D:\raj>dirVolume in drive D is DataVolume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\raj04/13/2012 11:30 AM .04/13/2012 11:30 AM ..04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ramu.txt

04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ravi.txt2.File(s) 353 bytes2 Dir(s) 177,945,829,376 bytes free

11. Command Name: echo


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Description: It displays messages, or turns command echoing on or off.Syntax: echo textExample:

D:\raj>echo hello

Hello

12. Command Name: dateDescription: It displays or sets the date.Syntax: dateExample:

D:\raj>dateThe current date is: Fri 04/13/2012Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy) 05/16/1990D:\raj>date

The current date is: Wed 05/16/1990Enter the new date: (mm-dd-yy)

13. Command Name: time

Description: It displays or sets the system time.Syntax: timeExample:

D:\raj>time

The current time is: 11:40:13.07Enter the new time:

14. Command Name: move

Description: Moves one or more files from one directory to another directory.Syntax: move Example:

D:\>move raj ram

1 file(s) moved.D:\>cd rajThe system cannot find the path specified.

D:\>cd ramD:\ram>dirVolume in drive D is DataVolume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\ram04/13/2012 11:30 AM .04/13/2012 11:30 AM ..


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04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ramu.txt04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ravi.txt2 File(s) 353 bytes

15.Command Name: more

Description: It displays one screen of text at timeSyntax: more Example:

D:\ram>more remu.txthi this is remuhow are uwhat r u doingzdfgdf

...-- More (71%)

16. Command Name: del or erase

Description: Deletes one or more files.Syntax: del Example:

D:\ram>del ramu.txtD:\ram>dirVolume in drive D is DataVolume Serial Number is A8EC-806CDirectory of D:\ram05/16/1990 11:55 AM .05/16/1990 11:55 AM ..04/13/2012 11:25 AM 150 ravi.txt05/16/1990 11:51 AM 211 renu.txt2 File(s) 414 bytes

17. Command Name: find

Description: It searches for a text string in a file or files.Syntax: find string Example:

D:\ram>find "in" ravi.txt


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---------- RAVI.TXTi am studying my b.tech in adarsh college if engineeringnow i am executing DOS commands in it workshop lab

18. Command Name: cls

Description: It clears the terminal screenSyntax: clsExample:

D:\ram>cls

19. Command Name: tree

Description: Graphically displays the directory structure of a drive or path.Syntax: treeExample:

D:\>treeFolder PATH listing for volume DataVolume serial number is 00006E82 A8EC:806CD:.007abcabhay

20. Command Name: exit

Description: Quits the CMD.EXE program (command interpreter).Syntax: exitExample: exit

EXPERIMENT-5

WINDOWS XP INSTALLATION


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Windows XP (codename Whistler, also known as Windows NT 5.1) is the latest

desktop version of the Microsoft Windows operating system.. The letters "XP" originate from

the word "Experience".

The following are the steps involved in the installation of windows XP

1

.

Insert the Windows XP CD into your computer and restart your computer.

2

.

If prompted to start from the CD, press SPACEBAR. If you miss the prompt (it only

appears for a few seconds), restart your computer to try again.

3

.

Windows XP Setup begins. During this portion of setup, your mouse will not work, so

you must use the keyboard. On the Welcome to Setup page, press ENTER.

4

.

On the Windows XP Licensing Agreement page, read the licensing agreement. Then

press F8.


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5

.

This page enables you to select the hard disk drive on which Windows XP will be

installed. Once you complete this step, all data on your hard disk drive will be

removed and cannot be recovered. It is extremely important that you have a recent

backup copy of your files before continuing. When you have a backup copy, press D,and then press L when prompted. This deletes your existing data.

6

.

Press ENTER to select Unpartitioned space, which appears by default.

7

.

Press ENTER again to select Format the partition using the NTFS file system ,

which appears by default.


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8

.

Windows XP erases your hard disk drive using a process called formatting and then

copies the setup files. You can leave your computer and return in 20 to 30 minutes.

9.

Windows XP restarts and then continues with the installation process. Eventually, theRegional and Language Options page appears. Click Next to accept the default

settings.


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1

0.

On the Personalize Your Software page, type your name and your organization

name. Then, click Next.

1

1

.On the Your Product Key page, type your product key as it appears on your

Windows XP


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1

2

.

Type a strong password that you can remember in the Administrator password box,

and then retype it in the Confirm password box. Click Next.

1

3

.

On the Date and Time Settings page, set your computers clock. Then, click the

Time Zone down arrow, and select your time zone. Click Next.

1 Windows XP will spend about a minute configuring your computer. On the


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4

.

Networking Settings page, click Next.

1

5

.

On the Workgroup or Computer Domain page, click Next.

1

6.

Windows XP will spend 20 or 30 minutes configuring your computer and will

automatically restart when finished. When the Display Settings dialog appears, clickOK.

1

7.

The final stage of setup begins. On the Welcome to Microsoft Windows page, click

Next.


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1

8

.

On the Help protect your PC page, click Help protect my PC by turning on

Automatic Updates now. Then, click Next.

1

9

.

On the Who will use this computer? page, type the name of each person who will

use the computer. You can use first names only, nicknames, or full names. Then click

Next.

2

0

.

.

.

On the Thank you! page, click Finish.

.


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21.After a while the welcome screen will appear

22.Login to your PC

Congratulations! Windows XP setup is complete.

EXPERIMENT-6

INSTALLATION OF LINUX (FEDORA 8)

Its always recommended having an empty hard drive for a Linux installation (that

means no other operating system on it, no Windows) and you must have a minimum of 10

GB free space for this installation.


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The following are the steps involved in the installation of Linux:

1. Start the PC and place the Linux bootable CD in the CD/DVD-ROM drive. PC

automatically detects the CD and it displays the following screen press enter to

proceed

2. Press ok if you want to Test your install media else press skip option.

3. The installation wizard is starting, this is a welcome screen click next to proceed


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4.Select your language and proceed.

5.

Choose your keyboard-layout and proceed.

6.Now, if you have an empty hard drive,click Next.(make sure the "Remove Linuxpartitions on selected drives and create default layout" option is selected).If you don't havean empty hard drive and you still want to install Fedora 8 on your machine, then make sureyou select the "Use free space on the selected drives and create default layout" option (10GB minimum free space is required). Click Next


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7.Here you can adjust the network settings.

8.Select the location

9.Choose a password for the root-account and confirm it.

10.Here you can select predefined collections of software.


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If you chose the custom selection you'll see this and a few following windows.Select a maingroup on the left and afterwards one of its subgroups on the right.

Now click on "Optional Packages" - you'll see...

Click "Next" if your selection is complete. Dependencies are being checked.


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11.The system is ready to install - click on "Next".

The partition(s)/disk(s) are being formatted

12.The system is being installed.


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13.The installation is complete. Remove the install media and reboot the system.

The system is starting up.


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14. Before you reach the Fedora desktop, you must do a one-time general systemconfiguration:

Have a look at the license information and proceed.

15.Here you can edit the firewall settings if you want

16. It is recommended to deactivate SELinux - it can cause many problems, especially ifyou're using software from additional repositories.


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17.Set the actual time and date.

18.Send your hardware profile if you want.

19.Time to add the first user-account to the system

The system has toreboot now.

.

20.When the system is up again, you'll see the login window.


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21.Welcome to your desktop.

Congratulations! Linux(Fedora8) setup is complete.

EXPERIMENT-7

LINUX COMMANDS

1. Command Name: man

Description: It provides the manual description about the requested command

Syntax: man Command Name

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ man ls

LS(1) User Commands LS(1)


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NAME

ls - list directory contents

2. Command Name: mkdir

Description: It is used to create a directory

Syntax: mkdir

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ mkdir adarsh

3. Command Name: cd

Description: It is used to change the directory

Syntax: cd

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ cd adarsh

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$

4. Command Name: ls

Description: It shows the list subdirectories and files present in the existing directory

Syntax: ls option

`` Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ ls

adarsh sri.txt

5. Command Name: pwd

Description: It shows the present working directory

Syntax: pwd

Example:


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[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cd adarsh

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ pwd

/home/11P31A0306/ adarsh 1/ adarsh

6. Command Name: cd ..

Description: It is used to close the directory

Syntax: cd ..

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cd ..


[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$

7. Command Name: cat.

Description: The purpose of this command is

(a)To create a file

(b)To display the contents present in the file

(c)To append a new content to the already existing content in a file

(a)Syntax: cat >

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cat > sri.txt

In IT workshop laboratory we will know about

hardware components

operating system installation process........

..........

(b)Syntax: cat

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cat sri.txt


hardware components


..........

(c)Syntax: cat >>


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Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cat >> sri.txt

here we also learn about microsoft office

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$cat sri.txt


hardware components


..........


8. Command Name: cp

Description: It copies the contents from source file to destination file

Syntax: cp

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cp sri.txt siri.txt

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ cat siri.txt


hardware components


..........


9. Command Name: rm

Description: It removes the file present in the directory

Syntax: rm

Example:


adarsh siri.txt sri.txt

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ rm siri.txt


adarsh sri.txt

10. Command Name: rmdirDescription: It removes the empty directory


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Syntax: rmdir

Example:


adarsh sri.txt[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ rmdir adarsh


sri.txt

11. Command Name: mv

Description: It is used to rename or move the contents from one directory to another

directory

Syntax: mv

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ mv adarsh adarsh1

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ ls adarsh1

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ cd adarsh


sri.txt

12.Command Name: rm r

Description: It removes the files and subdirectories present the directory recursively

Syntax: rm r

Example:

@localhost adarsh]$ ls

adarsh.txt sri.txt


[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ rm -r adarsh

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ ls

..


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13.Command Name: uname

Description: It provides the information about the current kernel

Syntax:uname

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ uname

Linux

14.Command Name: cal

Description: It displays the calendar

Syntax:cal month year

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ cal 3 2014

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

16 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 29

30 31

15.Command Name: date

Description: It displays or sets the system date

Syntax:date

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ dateSat Apr 7 14:09:29 IST 2012

16.Command Name: clear

Description: It clears the terminal screen

Syntax:clear

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$clear[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$


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17.Command Name: vi

Description: It provides an editor for entering a text into the file

Syntax

:vi Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ vi hani.txt

Hi this is hani

how are u

what are u doing

~

~

"hani.txt" [New] 3L, 41C written

[11P31A0306@localhost ~]$

18.Command Name: echo

Description: It displays the text what you typed after the echo command

Syntax:echo text

Example: [11P31A0306@localhost ~]$ echo hello

Hello

19.Command Name: more

Description: It displays the text one screen at a time

Syntax:more

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ more sai.txt

hi how are u` what r u doing

xdfgzsdfdg

dgfzdfg,.

--More--(97%)

20.Command Name: who

Description: It specifies who are logged into the system


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Syntax:who

Example:

[11P31A0306@localhost adarsh]$ who

11P31A05A6 pts/2 2012-04-07 13:28 (176.1.15.26)11P31A0563 pts/5 2012-04-07 13:24 (176.1.15.221)

11P31A0578 pts/6 2012-04-07 13:41 (176.1.16.217)

EXPERIMENT-8

HARDWARE TROUBLESHOOTING

Sometimes things do not work exactly as planned at this point. Sometimes the system

will not power on at all. Sometimes it will power on, but you get no video. Sometimes youwill get beep codes. Sometimes you hear the fans, but the rest of the PC just sits there and

does nothing. If things didn't go according to plan, troubleshoot the system.

BEEP CODES:

1 Beep - Memory Refresh Failure (check memory)

2 Beeps - Memory Parity Error in first 64KB block (check memory)

3 Beeps - Memory Read/Write Error in first 64KB block (check memory)


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4 Beeps - Motherboard timer not functioning (possible motherboard replacement)

5 Beeps - Processor Error (may need replacement Processor)

6 Beeps

- Gate A20/keyboard controller failure (possible motherboard replacement) 7 Beeps - Processor Exception Interrupt Error (may need replacement Processor)

8 Beeps - Display Memory Read/Write Failure (reseat or replace video card)

9 Beeps - ROM checksum Error (replace BIOS chip or motherboard)

10 Beeps - CMOS shutdown Read/Write error (possible motherboard replacement)

11 Beeps - Bad Cache Memory - test failed (replace cache memory)

BASIC ERRORS WITH SOLUTIONS:

1. System has no power at all. Power light does not illuminate, fan inside the power

supply does not turn on, and indicator light on keyboard does not turn on.

PROBABLE CAUSE DIAGNOSIS SOLUTION

Power cable is unplugged. Visually inspect power cable. Make sure power cable issecurely plugged in.

Defective power cable.Visual inspection, try another

cable.Replace cable.

Power supply failure.Power cable and wall socket are

OK, but system is still dead.Contact technical support

Faulty wall outlet; circuit

breaker or fuse blown.

Plug device into socket know

to work and test.

Use different socket, repair

outlet, reset circuit breaker or

replace fuse.

2. System does not boot from hard disk drive can be booted from CD disk drive.


Connector between hard drive

and system board unplugged.

When attempting to run the

FDISK utility described in the

HARD DISK section of the

Check cable running form disk

to disk controller on the board.

Make sure both ends are


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manual you get a message,

INVALID DRIVE

SPECIFICATION.

securely plugged in; check the

drive type in the Standard

CMOS Setup (in your

motherboard manual).

Damaged Hard Disk or Disk

Controller.

Format hard disk; if unable to

do so, the hard disk may be

defective.

Contact Technical Support.

Hard Disk directory or FAT is

scrambled.

Run the FDISK program,

format the hard drive(See

HARD DRIVE section of

manual). Copy your backup

data back onto hard drive.

Backing up the hard drive is

extremely important. All Hard

Disks are capable of breaking

down at any time.

3. System only boots from CD. Hard Disk can be read and applications can be

used, but booting from Hard Disk is impossible.


Hard Disk boot program has

been destroyed.

A number of causes could be

behind this.

Back up data and applications

files.

Reformat the Hard Drive asdescribed in the Hard Drive

section of the manual. Re-

install applications and data

using backup disks.

4. Screen message says "Invalid Configuration" or "CMOS Failure."



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Incorrect information entered

into the configuration (setup)

program.

Check the configuration

program. Replace any

incorrect information.

Review system's equipment.

Make sure correct information

is in setup.

5. Screen is blank.


No power to monitor.Power connectors may be

loose or not plugged in.

Check the power connectors to

monitor and to system. Make

sure monitor is connected to

display card, change I/O

address on network card if

applicable.

Monitor not connected to

computer.See instructions above.

6. Screen goes blank periodically.


Screen saver is enabled. Disable screen saver.

7. Keyboard failure.


Keyboard is disconnected.

Reconnect keyboard. Check

keys again, if no improvement,replace keyboard.

8. Error reading drive A:


Bad floppy disk. Try new floppy disk.

Floppy disk not formattedFormat floppy disk(type

ENTER)


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Undo any recent hardware or software changes.

As mentioned, some software problems arise from conflicts with other software. For

example, Symantec Norton Antivirus can often conflict with competing antivirus products.

So, if one of your organization's staffers has installed another antivirus program and Norton

Antivirus no longer works correctly, uninstalling the other antivirus problem could very well

solve your problem.

Uninstall the software, then reinstall it.

Sometimes, a certain piece of software will fail to run properly because crucial

application files have been removed or deleted. For instance, many Windows applications use

Dynamic Link Library (DLL) files to perform certain tasks. Oftentimes, several applications

will need the same DLL file to operate properly, so if you've recently removed one program

from your computer along with all of its DLL files, another application may become unstable

or nonfunctional.


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Check for a firewall conflict.

Many nonprofits do not have the budget to purchase a centralized hardware or

software-based firewall and may instead choose to install personal firewall software such

as Zone Alarm Free on each computer in their office. Though personal firewalls can be an

important line of defense against hackers and other security threats, they might also confuse

users, since they frequently display messages asking users whether to allow a program to run

or whether to block it.

Boot up in Safe Mode.

As mentioned, some software malfunctions can be caused due to OS settings or other

system problems. Windows and Mac operating systems both feature a troubleshooting

environment known as Safe Mode, which disables applications and processes that are not

crucial to the system, theoretically making it easier to isolate problems.

Defragment your hard drive.

As a final troubleshooting step, you might choose to defragment your computer's hard

drive, the process of rearranging its file structure so that the system runs more efficiently.

Defragmenting a hard drive will probably prove most useful if you're experiencing extremesoftware sluggishness, as this process is meant to make your entire system run faster. Note

that defragmenting a hard drive applies only to Windows-based computers, as the Macintosh

OS automatically optimizes the hard drive's file structure.

MICROSOFT WORD 2007

Microsoft Word is a word processing software and is currently the most common

word processor on the market. Because it is so common, the .doc format has become the defacto format for text documents. Word files can also be used to create other file formats, such


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as PDF and HTML. There are several things that can be done to make content created in

Word more accessible.

HOME SCREEN

Microsoft Word 2007 is different from previous versions of Microsoft Word.

Menus

When you begin to explore Word 2007 you will notice a new look to the menu bar.

You should remember three features as you work within Word 2007:

The Microsoft Office Button


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The Quick Access Toolbar

The Ribbon

These three features contain many of the functions that were in the menu of previous

versions of Word. The functions of these three features will be outlined below.

The Microsoft

The Office Button is the round icon at the top left-hand corner. Itincludes the basic File Functions from the older version of Office

New, Open, Save, Save As, Print, etc.Click on the Office Button icon. You will see the main file functions inthe pull-down menu.

Quick

AccessToolbar

The Quick Access Toolbar contains shortcuts to Save, Undo, and Repeat Tools

We recommend always using MS Office Button >> Save As to makesure your work is being saved properly

Ribbon

Tabs

The Menu or Toolbar from older versions of MS Office have beenreplaced with Ribbon Tabs.

Ribbon

Tool Group Ribbon Tabs are broken into sub-sections called Tool Groups.Example

Here is the Clipboard Group under the Home Tab


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Basic functions such as Cut, Copy,and Paste are represented as icons

When you hold the mouse over each

icon, a small window will appear toshow you

The keyboard shortcut for that Tool

A description of what that Tool does

The image to the right shows the window tha appears when you holdthe mouse over the Cut Tool icon

Take some time to explore the Ribbon Tabs and Tool Groups and learnwhere to find the Tools you use most frequently.

Dialog Box

When you click on the small arrow at thebottom right-hand corner ofTool Groupbox, a Dialog Box appears.

The Dialog Box provides additionalFormatting options related to the ToolGroup that you chose.

Context

Menu

The arrow at the bottom of thePaste button indicates that you can drop down a ContextMenu.

The Context Menuprovides more options related to thefunction you are working with.


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Formatting

Tools Tab

In order to format or edit any inserted object (ex. images, tables, etc.)

1. You must first select the object by clicking on the image or bring the

cursor inside the table.

2. Then the Formatting Tools Tab appears at the right-hand end of theRibbon Tabs. It provides the formatting palettes for the selected object.

Microsoft Word Shortcuts:

To Create a New Document: Click the Office Button, select New, and click Create, or

press + .

To Open a Document: Click the Office Button and select Open, or press +

.

To Save a Document: Click the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar, or press

+ .

To Save a Document with a Different Name: Click the Office Button, select Save As,

and enter a new name for the document.

To Preview a Document: Click the Office Button, point to the Print list arrow, and

select Print Preview.

To Print a Document: Click the Office Button and select Print, or press +

.

To Undo: Click the Undobutton on the Quick Access Toolbar or press + .

To Close a Document:

Click theClose

button or press

+

. To Get Help: Press to open the Help window. Type your question and press

.

To Exit Word: Click the Office Button and click Exit Word.

To Cut or Copy Text: Select the text you want to cut or copy and click the Cut or

Copy button in the Clipboard group on the Home tab.

To Paste Text: Place the insertion point where you want to paste and click the Paste

button in the Clipboard group on the Home tab.


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To Format Selected Text: Use the commands in the Font group on the Home tab, or

click the Dialog Box Launcher in the Font group to open the Font dialog box.

To Copy Formatting with the Format Painter: Select the text with the formatting you

want to copy and click the Format Painter button in the Clipboard group on theHome tab. Then, select the text you want to apply the copied formatting to.

To Change Paragraph Alignment: Select the paragraph(s) and click the appropriate

alignment button ( Align Left, Center, Align Right, or Justify) in the

Paragraph group on the Home tab.

To Indent a Paragraph: Click the Increase Indentbutton in the Paragraph group on

the Home tab.

To Decrease an Indent: Click the Decrease Indentbutton in the Paragraph group on

the Home tab.

To Add a Tab Stop: Click the Tab alignmentbox on the Ruler until you see the type

of tab you want to insert. Then, click on the Ruler where you want to insert the tab stop.

To Adjust or Remove a Tab Stop: Click and drag the tab stop to the desired position on

the Ruler. Click and drag the tab stop off the Ruler to remove it.

To Change Paragraph Line Spacing: Click the Line Spacing button in the

Paragraph group on the Home tab and select an option from the list.

To Create a Bulleted or Numbered List: Select the paragraphs you want to bullet or

number and click the Bullets or Numbering button in the Paragraph group on

the Home tab.

To Change a Documents Margins: Click the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon, click the

Marginsbutton in the Page Setup group, and select a setting.

To Change Page Orientation:

Click thePage Layout

tab on the Ribbon, click theOrientationbutton, and select an option from the list.

To Insert a Header or Footer: Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon and click the Header

orFooterbutton in the Header & Footer group.

To Insert a Manual Page Break: Click the Insert tab on the Ribbon and click the Page

Breakbutton in the Page Setup group.

To Insert a Section Break: Click the Page Layout tab on the Ribbon, click the Breaks

button in the Page Setup group, and select the type of break you want to insert.


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To Correct a Spelling Error: Right-click the error and select a correction from the

contextual menu. Or, press to run the Spell Checker.

To Find Text: Click the Findbutton in the Editing group on the Home tab.

To Replace Text: Click the Replacebutton in the Editing group on the Home tab.

EXPERIMENT-10

ORIENTATION & CONNECTIVITY BOOT CAMP

Orientation & Connectivity Boot Camp:

Students should get connected to their Local Area Network and access the Internet. In

the process they configure the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the


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instructor, how to access the websites and email. If there is no internet connectivity

preparations need to be made by the instructors to simulate the WWW on the LAN

PURPOSE:

To learn Local Area Network and access the Internet. In the process they configure

the TCP/IP setting. Finally students should demonstrate, to the instructor, how to access the

websites and email

THEORY:

The internet is a world wide, publicly network of interconnected computer networks

LOCAL AREA NETWORK:

LANs are privately owned networks with in a single building or campus of up to few

kilometers in size.

WIDE AREA NETWORK:

A WAN is a network that connects computers across a large geographic area such as a

city or country

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol):

Collection of methods used to connect servers on the internet and to exchange data.

HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language):

The coding used to control the look of documents on the web

HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):

Part of a URL that identifies the location as one that uses HTML

IP(Internet Protocol):

A format for contents and addresses of packets of information sent over the internet

IP ADDRESS:


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An identifier for a computer or device on a TCP/IP network

SEARCH ENGINE:

A program that searches documents located on the Internet for keywords or phrases enteredby a person browsing the net.

Internet Connection requirements:

TCP/IP protocol

Client Software

ISP Account

Means of communication to the net

telephone Modem

Ethernet

ISDN(Integrated Services Digital Network)

DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)

Satellite.

PROCEDURE:

1. Go to startcontrol Panel

2. open Network Connections

3. Click create a new connection and then click next

4. The new connection wizard window opens , click next to

continue

5. Choose one of the options in the next dialog boxChoose one of the three options in the next dialog box

If you do not have an internet account click choose

from a list of ISPs and then click next

If you have an account click Set up my connection

manually

If you have a CD from the ISP click use the CD I

got from an ISP and then click next6. Follow the next steps as per the option you selected.


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EXPERIMENT 11

WEB BROWSERS, SURFING THE WEB

Web Browsers, Surfing the Web: Students customize their web browsers with the

LAN proxy settings, bookmarks, search toolbars and pop up blockers. Also, plug-ins like

Macromedia Flash and JRE for applets should be configured


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PURPOSE: To learn to surf the web

THEORY:

Web browser provides the means to the searching and also helps to download the webcontent.

Web browsers support most of the famous Internet Protocols like HTTP, FTP.

Common file formats a browser accepts are HTML

Well known browsers natively support a variety of other formats in addition to HTML

such as JPEG,PNG,GIF image formats

Different web browsers available in the market are:

Silversmith

Mosaic

Netscape

Mozilla

Opera

Lynx

Safari

Bookmark:

Each web browser is built-in with the support of Internet Bookmarks which serve as a

named anchor primarily to URLs. The primary Purpose of this book mark is to easily

catalog and access web pages that the web browser user has visited or plans to visit, without

having to navigate the web to get there.

Pop-up Blockers:

Pop-ups are a form of online advertising on the WWW intended to attract the

attention of the users. These pop ups are hosted on the web sites which are frequently visited

by the netizens. These pop ups are activated when these web sites open a new web browser

window and there by displaying the advertisements.

Plug-ins:


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A plug-in is a software component program that interacts with a main application to

provide a better integration of the media. The basic difference between application programs

and plug-ins is that multimedia files are launched in a separate window where as in plug-ins

multimedia play in the browser window.

Few famous plug-INS are:

Apple Quick Time

Macromedia flash

Microsoft Media Player

Adobe Shockwave

Sun Microsystems Java Applet

PROCEDURE:

LAN Proxy Settings:

Select tools menu in Internet Explorer

Select Internet Options

Select Connections


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You end up in two options

Dial-up and virtual network settings

LAN setting


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The LAN connection Settings are as follows:

Select the properties button. The properties of the ipaddress, default Gateway

and the DNS server details are reflected in the dialog box.


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The selection at this step is dependent on the kind of connection you are trying to

Configure. They are:

Dial-up modem connection

LAN connection

DSL or Cable modem

EXPERIMENT 12

SEARCH ENGINES & NETIQUETTE


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Search Engines & Netiquette:

Students should know what search engines are and how to use the search engines. A

few topics would be given to the students for which they need to search on Google. This

should be demonstrated to the instructors

PURPOSE: To know what search engines are and how to use the search engines.

THEORY:

Search engine:

A search engine can be defined as a web site with tools which help you to find

information on the internet

Function of a search engine:

You can find anything from a schedule of White house tours to instructions for

removing stains from clothes.

Limitations:

Search engines visit web sites only several weeks. Search engines cannot see

information in other data bases later on.

On the internet a search engine is a coordinated set of programs that includes: A

spider (crawler or bot) that goes to every page or representative pages on every web site that

wants to be searchable and reads it, using hypertext links on each page to discover and read

sites other pages.

Pros:

You can select the search terms

You can use the same search terms with multiple search engines

You can change search terms as much as you wish

You will normally receive numerous links

Its fast

Cons:


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There are so many different search engines it may be difficult to choose

You will normally receive too many links often making it difficult to identify

the most relevant sites.

The vast majority of links may be only marginally relevant or altogetherirrelevant

EX:

Alta Vista

Ask Jeeves

Google

Lycos etc.,

Meta Search Engines:

Meta search engines or metacrawlers dont crawl the web themselves. Instead they

search the resources of multiple search engines by sending a search to several search engines

at once aggregating the result.

Pros:

You only need to use one search tool which is time- efficient

You only need to learn how to use one search engine reducing learning curve

You benefit from the difference among several search tools at once

Cons:

Meta search services may not be able to leverage each individual search

engines full range of query tools resulting in less refined searches

You can not personally select the search engines queried by Meta search

services.

EXPERIMENT 13

CYBER HYGIENE

Cyber Hygiene:


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Students would be exposed to the various threats on the internet and would be asked

to configure their computer to be safe on the internet. They need to first install anti-virus

software, configure their personal firewall and windows update on their computer. Then they

need to customize their browsers to block pop ups, block active x downloads to avoid virusesand/or worms

PURPOSE:

To learn various threats on the internet and configure the computer to be safe on the

internet.

THEORY:

Antivirus:

Antivirus software is a program that either comes installed on your computer or that

you purchase and install yourself. It protects your computer against most viruses, worms,

Trojan horses and other unwanted invaders that can make your computer sick.

Firewall:

A firewall is a special software or hardware designed to protect a private computer

network from unauthorized access. A firewall is a set of related programs located at a

network gateway server which protects the resources of the private network from users from

other networks.

PROCEDURE:

Installing Symantec antivirus for Windows:

Insert Symantec antivirus CD into your CD drive


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Double click on the Symantec-setup.exe

The installer will open

Click next to proceed

License agreement will open. Click I accept the terms of the license

agreement and then click next.

Follow the instruction on the screen to complete the installation.

Get Computer Updates:

Click start settingscontrol panel Click Automatic Updates icon to open Automatic Updates dialog box

Check the box Keep my computer up to date

Choose a setting

Click OK

Block Pop ups:

In the Internet explorer open toolspop-up blocker

Click on Turn on Pop- up blocker

Windows Firewall:

Goto Startcontrol panelNetwork and InternetConnectionswindows firewall

In the general tab check the On(recommended) box

If you dont want any exceptions check on Dont allow exceptions box

EXPERIMENT 14

INTERNET SECURITY


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A test which simulates all of the above tasks would be crafted and given to the

students.

PURPOSE: Test to simulate all the tasks related to Internet Security

THEORY:

Identify and explain the components required to establish a network

Establish internet connection and create a new email id , send mail and attachment file

to other mail account

Define search engine. List the various search engines. Navigate through any of thesearch engine like Google and explore its features.

Download a file from the internet. Write the various steps involved in downloading

What is Antivirus software? List a few popular anti virus kits available.

Explain the functionality of the firewall quoting a few examples

EXPERIMENT-15

DIFFERENT RIBBONS


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There are seven ribbon tabs available in MS-Word 2007

Home: Clipboard, Fonts, Paragraph, Styles, and Editing.

Insert: This tab handles anything you might want to insert into a document, such as tables,

pictures, charts, hyperlinks, bookmarks, headers and footers, WordArt, etc.

Page Layout: Here's where you'll change margins, page size and orientation, set upcolumns, align objects, add effects and so on. There are some grey areas between this tab

and the Home tab.

References: This tab handles tables of contents, footnotes, bibliographies, indexes and

similar material.


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Mailings: This is where you'll go for anything to do with mailings, from creating labels to

mail merges.

Review: This is where to go if you need to check spelling and grammar or look up a word in

a thesaurus.

View: Here's where to go when you want to change the view in any way, including

displaying a ruler and gridlines, zooming in and out, splitting a window and so on.

EXPERIMENT-16


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DESIGNING AND PERFORMING MAIL MERGE

You use mail merge when you want to create a set of documents, such as a form letterthat is sent to many customers or a sheet of address labels. Each letter or label has the same

kind of information, yet the content is unique. For example, in letters to your customers,

each letter can be personalized to address each customer by name. The unique information

in each letter or label comes from entries in a data source.

The mail merge process entails the following overall steps:

1. Open a new word document and enter the data as per your need by leaving spaces for

the data fields which are repeated and to apply mail merge

2. Select Mailings Tab

3. Click on Start Mail Merge and select Letters or Step by Step Mail Merge

Wizard and select document type as Letters

4. Click on Next

5. Select Use current Document and click on next

6. Click on Browse if you want to use the existing list and go to step-8. If not select

Type a new list and click on Create to create new list

7. Now you can find "New Address List" window with default columns.


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8. To delete or to add new columns click on customize columns button.

9. Click on Add to add columns and click on Delete to delete the columns. Then

click on ok

10. Enter the set of details for an Entry, to add new Entry click on New Entry .

11. Now click on ok an d save the data file ( MS Access file) so that a list of table will be

created in the database.


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12. Now click in OK

13. Now place the cursor where you want to insert Merge Fields. Now select Insert

Merge Fields from Mailings Tab.

14. Now select the Field to be inserted

(Ex: First Name, City )

15. Now repeat Step 13 and 14 Until the completion of all fields insertion. We can also

insert the same field at different locations

16. Now click on Finish & Merge and select Edit Individual Documents


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17. Select All from Merge to New Window and click on OK

18. Then we can find a new document (Result Document) with the Required number of

copies of our original.

This is to look for next records

19. Now we can save this document and print if required.

20. Save the original document for further use.


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MICROSOFT EXCEL 2007

Microsoft Excel is an electronic spreadsheet that runs on a personal computer. You

can use it to organize your data into rows and columns. You can also use it to perform

mathematical calculations quickly. Excel 2007 has eight standard ribbon tabs

HOME SCREEN:

ICONS DESCRIPTIONS

Clipboard

Pastes the contents of the clipboard in the cursors currentlocation

Places the currently selected item on the clipboard, it will be removed from itscurrent location once it is pasted in a new location

Copies the currently selected item to the clipboard


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Copies the formatting of the currently selected item to apply to the next selecteditem

Shows the clipboard and other options

FONTS

Font

Font size

Increase font size

Decrease font size

Bold

Italics

Underline (the arrow will give you line options)

Apply the last used border (the arrow will give you border options)

Apply the last used cell color (the arrow will give you color options)

Apply the last used font color (the arrow will give you color options)

More font options

ALIGNMENT

Align contents to top, middle, or bottom

Change the angle of the text in the cell

Align cell contents to left, center, or right

Increase or decrease indent

Make all cell contents visible by wrapping to multiple lines

Merges selected cells into one cell and centers the contents (the arrowprovides more options)More alignment options


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Some Advanced Icons:

Number format (i.e. currency, percentage, date)

Accounting number format currency (alternate currencies are availableusing the arrow)Display cell contents as a percentageDisplay the cell value with a thousands separating comma

Increase or decrease the number of decimal places

More number optionsAutomatically format cells based on the cell contents

Format the selected cells as a table

Format cells by using pre-defined styles

Insert cell, row, or columnDelete cell, row, or columnVarious cell, row, or column formatting options

Autosum (the arrow provides other common formulas)FillClearArrange and view data by sorting or filtering

Find text, formatting, or type of information

Insert Tab

Insert pivot table orpivot chart

Insert another typeof chart


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Insert table Insert a hyperlink toa website

Insert a picture froma file

Insert a text box

Insert Microsoft clipart

Insert a header and/or a footer

Insert shapes ordrawing canvas

Insert Word Art

Insert a Smart Artdiagram

Insert a signatureline

Insert a columnchart

Insert a range ofother types of objects

Insert a line chart Insert a symbol

Insert a pie chart Insert an area chart

Insert a bar chart Insert a scatter chart


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EXPERIMENT-17

FREEZE OR LOCK ROWS AND COLUMNS

You can view two areas of a worksheet and lock rows or columns in one area by

freezing or splitting panes (pane: A portion of the document window bounded by and

separated from other portions by vertical or horizontal bars.). When you freeze panes, you

select specific rows or columns that remain visible when scrolling in the worksheet.

Steps to create:

For example, you would freeze panes to keep row and column labels visible as you scroll,

as shown in the following example

1. Fist prepare a table as bellow.

2. The below documents contains full table before freezing
http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27ofdefpane_1%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27ofdefpane_1%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27ofdefpane_1%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27ofdefpane_1%27%29/


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3. To apply freeze pane, select the required row or column

4. Now go to view tab and click on Freeze Panes

.

5. Now select Freeze Panes

6. The below documents seems to view only half of the document actually remaining half

is hide after freezing

7. To unfreeze go to the same and select Unfreeze panes


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EXPERIMENT-18

APPLYING AUTO FILL, FORMAT CELLS, FORMATTING TEXT

APPLYING AUTO FILL:

Using the fill handle (fill handle: The small black square in the lower-right corner of the

selection. When you point to the fill handle, the pointer changes to a black cross.) , you can

quickly fill cells in a range with a series of numbers or dates or with a built-in series for days,

weekdays, months, or years.

1. Select the first cell in the range that you want to fill.

2. Type the starting value for the series.

3. Type a value in the next cell to establish a pattern.

4. Select the cell or cells that contain the starting values.

5. Drag the fill handle across the range that you want to fill.
http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27xldeffillhandle_5%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27xldeffillhandle_5%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27xldeffillhandle_5%27%29/http://appendpopup%28this%2C%27xldeffillhandle_5%27%29/


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6. Now drag as bellow and leave the mouse

7. Now you can find the required numbers displayed automatically

8. To fill in increasing order, drag down or to the right. To fill in decreasing order, drag upor to the left

ApplyingFormat Cells, Formatting Text

Step 1: create a table as follows using the following .


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APPLING FONT:

Font tool window by pressing Ctrl+ Shift+ F we will get the following window

We can change our Font, font style, font size, Underline, Underline color, and can also

apply Effects then click on ok.

APPLING ALIGNMENT:


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ALIGN TEXT TO THE LEFT

1. Select the text that you want to format.

2. On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Align Left.

Keyboard shortcut To align selected text to the left, press CTRL+L.

ALIGN TEXT TO THE RIGHT


2. On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Align Right.

Keyboard shortcut To align selected text to the right, press CTRL+R.

CENTER TEXT


2. On the Home tab, in the Alignment group, click Center.

Keyboard shortcut

To center selected text, press CTRL+E.


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EXPERIMENT-19

IMPLEMENTING CONDITIONAL FORMATTING

Use a conditional format to help you visually explore and analyze data, detect critical

issues, and identify patterns and trends.

It Also Helps Us To Do The Following:

Learn more about conditional formatting

Format all cells by using a two-color scale

Format all cells by using a three-color scale

Format all cells by using data bars

Format all cells by using an icon set

Format only cells that contain text, number, or date or time values

Format only top or bottom ranked values

Format only values that are above or below average

Format only unique or duplicate values

Use a formula to determine which cells to format

Clear conditional formats
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Format all cells by using a two-color scale

Color scales are visual guides that help you understand data distribution and variation.

A two-color scale helps you compare a range of cells by using a gradation of two colors. The

shade of the color represents higher or lower values. For example, in a green and red color

scale, you can specify higher value cells have a more green color and lower value cells have a

more red color.

Quick formatting

1. Select a range of cells, or make sure that the active cell is in a table or PivotTable

report.

2. On the Home tab, in the Styles group, click the arrow next to Conditional

Formatting, and then click Color Scales.

3. Select a two-color scale.

Hover over the color scale icons to see which one is a two-color scale. The top color

represents higher values and the bottom color represents lower values.

Example : applied 5 different conditional formatting


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MICROSOFT POWER POINT 2007


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Basic Tips

It is best to outline your entire presentation before working too much on the style and layout

of your presentation. When left to the end it is much less time consuming to work on the style

and format of your slides. Keep in mind the content of your presentation is the most

important part of it!

Keep your points short and straightforward. Points should be complimentary to your oral

presentation.

PowerPoint allows you to add a lot of distracting sounds and excessive animations to your

presentation. It is best to keep all animation as simple as possible and only use sounds if

absolutely necessary.

Stay away from unusual fonts. If you are presenting on an unfamiliar computer the font youhave chosen may not work. Arial and Times New Roman are common fonts.

Think of contrast. If you use a dark background use light-colored text and vice versa.

Refrain from using backgrounds that will obscure your text colour.

The MS Office Button contains the main file functions New, Open, Save, Save as, Print, Print

Preview, etc.

The Quick Access Toolbar contains shortcuts to Save, Undo, and Repeat

Each Ribbon Tab displays a Ribbon that provides a set of Tool Groups.

The Ribbon Tab and the Tool Groups in the Ribbon correspond to the Menu and Toolbar in

Word 2000 and 2003

The Name of each Tool Group is listed at the bottom of the Group

Example - In the Home Tab, the third Tool Group is named Font


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The name "Font" is under the Font Tool Group

To change the Tool Groups being displayed in the Ribbon

Click on the appropriate Ribbon Tab

Example - The Home Tab contains Tool Groups for the most commonly used Tools Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, and Style tools in Word

Some Tool Group boxes have a small arrow in the bottom right-hand corner. If you click on

this arrow, PowerPoint will open a Dialog Box which offers more options and settings related

to that Tool Group

In PowerPoint 2007, you will find that tools with similar uses are organized so that they are

usually found within the same Tool Group or at least within one Ribbon. If you do not find a

tool in the Ribbon you think it should be in, try exploring the other Ribbon Tabs.

HOME PAGE:


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Create a new presentation MS Office Button >> New -- New Presentation

window opens up

The MS Office Button is located in the top left

corner of the Word 2007 Window

To start a new file from scratch:

Choose Blank Document and press Create.

There are templates available on the left panel for

creating a presentation of aspecific type (ie. photo album or calendar).

Open an existing presentation

MS Office Button >> Open

Find your presentation in the Open window.

PowerPoint 2007 will open files created with older

versions of PowerPoint

(*.ppt) as well as PowerPoint 2007 files (*.pptx)Open a file from a different

version or format

PowerPoint 2007 will automatically convert a

document from a compatible version of PowerPoint

Your document will open in Compatibility Mode

This will prevent you from using certain tools in

Office 2007 which are not compatible with Office

2000 or 2003

When you finish editing a document, be VERY

CAREFUL to save any converted documents in their

original format

Please read the Important Notes below regarding

saving in Office 2007

Save the current documentMS Office Button >> Save

Please read the Important Notes above regarding saving in

Office 2007Save a document under a

different name, version, or

format

MS Office Button >> Save As...

In the bars at the bottom of the Save As... sub

window:

o Give your document a new name in File Name:

o Select the version and format from Save as type:

Add a new slide Home Tab >> Slides >> New Slide

Click on New Slide button. It adds a new slide in the

default layout "Title and Content.


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Inserting and Formatting Text and Objects

Add text with text boxes Home Tab >> Drawing >> Text Box

In PowerPoint all text is contained in Text Boxes.

Click on Text Box button >> Click anywhere in the

slide.Drag circle corner points or square side points of the

text box to change its size.

Click within the box to type text.Format text box

Select the text box. The Drawing Tools Tab appears.

Click on the Format tab. Format the selected text box in Shape

Styles:

o Shape Fill -- Changes the fill color

o Shape Outline -- Changes the color, width, line style of outline

o Shape Effects -- Applies visual effects (shadow, bevel, etc.) to the

text boxAdd WordArt -- fancy

text

Insert Tab >> Text >> WordArt

Click on the WordArt button >> Select the style you

like

A WordArt Text Box appears in the slide.Type in.

Format an image andClipArt

Formatting process is basically the same as formatting "text box,""WordArt," or


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"Shape."

Select objects (image or clip art). Picture Tool Tab appears.

Format objects using Adjust Group, Picture Styles Group and

Arrange

Group.

Move objects: See the instruction of "Move Text Box"

Formatting Slide Design

Change the background Design Tabs >> Background >> Background Styles

Click on the Format Background button at the bottom.

Format Background window appears.

o You can set the color, solid or gradient, transparency or choose

picture/texture fill

o Click on Close button to apply changes only to the current slide

o Click on Apply to All to apply changes to all the slideChange the theme Design Tabs >> Themes

Move the cursor over the theme buttons to preview different

themes on your current slide.

Click on any theme button to choose the theme, which will beapplied to all the slides in your presentation.

Colors -- Changes the color scheme of the current theme

Fonts -- Changes the font of the current theme

Effects -- Changes the effects of the current themeFormatting Presentation in Slide Master

The Slide Master acts as a template for your entire presentation.

Altering anything on the Slide Master will change it for all the slides in your presentation


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Objects and Animation

Finishing Steps

Change the order of the

slides

View Tab >> Presentation Views >> Slide Sortero You can easily change the order, if you have a lot of slides.Or,

select Slides tab in the left frame in the Normal View. You can see

thumbnails of the slides in your presentation.

o Click on a slide thumbnail and drag up and down to change the

order.Make notes Write your notes in the bottom frame in Normal view.

To Print your notes:Office Button >> Print >> Print What:

Select "Note Pages" NOTE: Notes are not visible during the slide

show

Present the slide show

Manual Presentation:

View Tab >> Presentation Views >> Slide Show

To move to the next slide in your presentation do one of the

following:

Click the left mouse button

Hit the spacebar

Use the arrow keys on the keyboard. Up and left go back, right

and down go forward.

Click on the Esc key on keyboard to go back to Normal view.

Automatic Presentation:

Animations Tab>> Transition to this Slide >> Advance Slide

Click on the check box for "Automatically After."


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Set the time to automatically change to the next slide after a

certain duration of time. This feature is useful if you are under a

time constraint or if you want to present in a more movie-like style.

EXPERIMENT-20

PREPARING SLIDES USING SLIDE ORIENTATION, SLIDELAYOUTS, BACKGROUNDS, AUTO SHAPES, INSERTING IMAGES,

BULLETS AND NUMBERING, HYPERLINKS AND TABLES.

SLIDE ORINTATION: Used to set the page in Portrait(Vertical) or Landscape(Horizontal).

SLIDE LAYOUTS:

You can use layouts to arrange objects and text on a slide. A layout is one part of aslide masterthat defines positioning information for content that will later appear on a slide.

Layouts containplaceholders (placeholders: Boxes with dotted or hatch-marked borders that

are part of most slide layouts. These boxes hold title and body text or objects such as charts,

tables, and pictures.), which in turn hold text, such as titles and bulleted lists, and slide

content such as SmartArt graphics, tables, charts, pictures, shapes, and clip art (clip art: A

single piece of ready-made art, often appearing as a bitmap or a combination of drawn
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shapes.). While you can add text and object placeholders to a layout or slide master, you

cannot add placeholders directly to a slide.

To View The Layouts :

On the Home tab, in the Slides group, click Layout, and then click a layout.

BACKGROUNDS:

Add a background style to your presentation

1. Click the slide or slides that you want to add a background style to. To select

multiple slides, click the first slide, and then press and hold CTRL while you click

the other slides.

2. On the Design tab, in the Background group, click the arrow next to

Background Styles.
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3. Right-click the background style that you want, and then do one of the following:

To apply the background style to the selected slides, click Apply toSelected Slides.

To apply the background style to all of the slides in your presentation,click Apply to All Slides.

Customize a background style for your presentation

1. Click the slide or slides that you want to add a background style to.2. To select multiple slides, click the first slide, and then press and hold

CTRL while you click the other slides.

3. On the Design tab, in the Background group, click the arrow next toBackground Styles.

4. Click Format Background, and then choose the options that you want.Or right click and select Format Background.

5. You can apply Solid Fill or Gradient Fill or Picture or Texture Fill,Inserting pictures by clicking on File and can Insert Clip Arts by clickingon Clip Arts.


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Solid Selection

Gradient Fill Selection Picture or Texture Fill Selection


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Inserting Pictures Insert Clip Arts

AUTO SHAPES:

We can insert different shapes from Insert Tab and select Shapes Group. Select a shape

and just click and drag so that we will get a shape.

7/29/2019 b.tech It Workshop and Pri

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