BTEC Invertebrates

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If vertebrates are held up by their backbone, what keeps the invertebrates in shape? images from flickr by mohammadali, imarsman listentoreason and t buchtele under a creative commons license

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Transcript of BTEC Invertebrates

Page 1: BTEC Invertebrates

If vertebrates are held up by their backbone, what keeps the invertebrates in shape?

images from flickr by mohammadali, imarsman listentoreason and t buchtele under a creative commons license

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Invertebrates

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Invertebrates

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What are invertebrates?

An invertebrate is an animal lacking a vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal species[1] — all animals except those in the Chordate subphylum Vertebrata (fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals).

Carolus Linnaeus' Systema Naturae divided these animals into only two groups, the Insecta and the now-obsolete vermes (worms). Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, who was appointed to the position of "Curator of Insecta and Vermes" at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in 1793, both coined the term "invertebrate" to describe such and divided the original two groups into ten, by splitting off Arachnida and Crustacea from the Linnean Insecta, and Mollusca, Annelida, Cirripedia, Radiata, Coelenterata and Infusoria from the Linnean Vermes. They are now classified into over 30 phyla, from simple organisms such as sea sponges and flatworms to complex animals such as arthropods and molluscs.

Invertebrates form a paraphyletic group. (For a full list of animals considered to be invertebrates, see animal.) All the listed phyla are invertebrates along with two of the three subphyla in Phylum Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata. These two, plus all the other known invertebrates, have only one cluster of Hox genes, while the vertebrates have duplicated their original cluster more than once.

Within paleozoology and paleobiology, invertebrates big and small are often studied within the fossil discipline called invertebrate paleontology.Contents

Phyla and common examplesCalopteryx virgo (male), a damselflyCalopteryx virgo (male), a damselflyThe fossil coral Cladocora from the Pliocene of Cyprus.The fossil coral Cladocora from the Pliocene of Cyprus.

* Annelida — segmented worms (earthworms, leeches, polychaetes) * Arthropoda — insects, arachnids, crustaceans * Cnidaria — jellyfishes, corals, sea anemones, hydras * Echinodermata — starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers * Mollusca — squid, snails, bivalves * Nematoda — round worms * Nematomorpha — horsehair worms or gordian worms * Platyhelminthes — flat worms * Porifera — sponges

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98% of all animals are invertebrates

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98% of all animals are invertebrates

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Your Presentation

• No more than 15 words per slide

• Introduction - what is an invertebrate?

• Main - Your invertebrate

• Conclusion - How is your invertebrate like all invertebrates?

• Length: Five minutes including time for questions

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What else?

• Do you need to bring notes to the presentation? Will you have lots of pieces of paper or cue cards?

• Will it be easier for you to give out a hand out for extra information?

• How will you introduce your presentation - why are you giving it?

• How can you make sure you do not go over time?

• How will you deal with nerves?