Bt corn Saturnina C Halos, Ph.D. Chair, Biotechnology Advisory Team Department of Agriculture.
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Transcript of Bt corn Saturnina C Halos, Ph.D. Chair, Biotechnology Advisory Team Department of Agriculture.
Bt corn
Saturnina C Halos, Ph.D.Chair, Biotechnology Advisory TeamDepartment of Agriculture
Topics:What is Bt corn?What are the basic features of Bt corn MON810?
What is Bt corn?
Bt corn is corn genetically engineered to resist corn borers by producing its own insect control protein, Cry1AbBt corn was developed by transferring the gene for Cry1Ab from Bt or Bacillus thuringiensis, a bacterium
abundant in Philippine soils
Bacillus thuringiensis Bt gene
Bt gene
AgrobacteriumParticle Acceleration
Genetically engineering Bt corn
Transferring genes by hybridization
Bt corn MON810 - genetically engineered to resist corn borers by producing its own insect control agent Bt corn MON810 - developed by inserting the cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), into corn cultivar Hi-II by gene gun transformation cry1Ab gene produces the insect control protein Cry1Ab Field trials of Bt corn MON810 shows: Asiatic corn borer damage effectively controlled in Bt corn MON810
The insecticidally active portion of the Cry1Ab protein produced by the Bt corn is identical to that found in nature and in commercial Bt spray formulations
Safety of Cry1Ab
Cry proteins act by selectively binding to specific sites localized on the lining of the midgut of susceptible insect species
Following binding, holes are formed that disrupt midgut ion flow causing gut paralysis and eventual death due to bacterial sepsis
Safety of Cry1Ab
Cry1Ab is insecticidal only when eaten by the larvae of lepidopteran insects (moths and butterflies), and its specificity of action is directly attributable to the presence of specific binding sites in the target insects. There are no binding sites for Cry1Abon the surface of mammalian intestinal cells, therefore, livestock animals and humans are not susceptible to Cry1Ab
MON810 = conventional corn as shown inin more than 20 field trials in the Phil & hundreds more in other countries
MON810 grew normally and exhibited the expected morphology, reproductive and physiological characteristics of corn
MON810 had no unexpected pest or disease susceptibility compared to conventional corn
MON810 has no potential to transfer the cry1Ab gene to wild relatives
Corn has no closely related hybridizing species growing in the wild in the Philippines Its closest relative, katigbi does not naturally hybridize with corn
Reproductive characteristics such as pollen production, viability & dispersal were unchanged in MON810
The cry1Ab gene in MON810 has no potential for transfer to wild species in the Philippines
MON810 corn has no adverse effect on beneficial arthropodsMON810 hybrids were compared to their non-transformed counterpart for relative abundance of beneficial arthropods
Cry1Ab had no direct nor indirect effect on the beneficial arthropod populations
When compared with currently planted corn varieties, MON810 corn did not present an increased risk to or impact on interacting organisms, including people except specific lepidopteran insect species
The food and livestock feed safety of MON810 corn was established based on several standard criteria. The nutritional equivalence of MON810 grain & silage to conventional corn was shown by analyses of key nutrients including proximates ( e.g moisture, fat, protein, fibre, ash and carbohydrate) amino acid composition, fatty acid profiles, and minerals (calcium and phosphorus).
Bt corn Non-Bt corn Less mycotoxin
Less antifungal in feeds
More mycotoxinMore antifungal in feeds
Bt corn MON810 safer than insect damaged corn
The nutritional equivalence of Bt corn MON810 and conventional maize was confirmed in feeding trials: quail, chickens
MON810 corn has low potential for toxicity of plant-expressed Cry1Ab
protein Lack of amino acid sequence homology
with known protein toxins Lab studies show Cry1Ab protein rapidly degraded in simulated gastric
fluids Cry1Ab protein displayed no acute toxicity when administered to lab mice
Safety of Bt corn as food/feed
No adverse effect seen on mice fed with high doses of Cry1Ab protein that were 200-1000 fold greater than humans would be exposed to based on consumption of MON810 grain
The insect control protein, Cry1Ab has no potential for allergenicityThe potential allergenicity of Cry1Ab was assessed by examining: physiochemical characteristics; amino acid sequence homology to known protein allergens; and digestibility
Cry1Ab lacks amino acid sequence homology with known allergens
Cry1Ab is rapidly degraded in acidic gastric fluids
The Cry1Ab protein has about 40 years history of safe use, demonstrated by its use in microbial Bt spray formulations in agriculture and forestry with no evidence of adverse effects.
This fact, combined with the lack of amino acid sequence homology between Cry1Ab protein and known allergens, and the rapid degradation of Cry1Ab protein in acidic gastric fluids, were sufficient to provide with reasonable certainty that Cry1Ab has no allergenic potential
Global production of Bt corn In 2000 growing season ~ 6.8 million hectares, representing 15% of all transgenic crops grown that year
This area of Bt corn planted in the USA, Canada, Argentina, South Africa, Spain and FranceIn the Philippines, 2002-2003 season ~ 120 has last season ~ 12,000 has target this year > 50,000 has
Regulatory authorities in the Philippines Canada & USA requires Bt corn developers to implement specific Insect Resistant Management (IRM) Programs.
Potential exists for Bt-resistant corn borer populations to develop as areas planted with Bt corn expand. IRM programs are designed to reduce this potential and prolong the effectiveness of Bt proteins against target insects
Bt corn flowers
Thank you for your kind attention