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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support and service. For any

assistance, please contact our local office or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial Base

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People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2008. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written

consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are the property of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the

preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but the statements, information, and

recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

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Contents

About This Document.....................................................................................................................1

1 Introduction to Radio Network Optimization.....................................................................1-1

1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization.................................................................................1-2

1.2 Procedure of Radio Network Optimization.....................................................................................................1-2

2 Network Optimization Startup...............................................................................................2-1

2.1 Organization of Radio Network Optimization Team......................................................................................2-2

2.2 Determination of Optimization Acceptance Counters....................................................................................2-3

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools.................................................................................................2-3

3 Single Site Verification.............................................................................................................3-1

3.1 Preparations for Single Site Test.....................................................................................................................3-3

3.2 Single Site Test and Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................3-3

4 RF Optimization.........................................................................................................................4-1

4.1 Preparations for RF Optimization Test...........................................................................................................4-4

4.2 Collection of RF Optimization Data...............................................................................................................4-4

4.3 Analysis of RF Optimization Data..................................................................................................................4-4

4.3.1 Analysis of Coverage Problems.............................................................................................................4-5

4.3.2 Analysis of Interference Problems.........................................................................................................4-7

4.3.3 Analysis of Hardware Faults..................................................................................................................4-8

4.3.4 Analysis of End-To-End Network Elements Interoperation..................................................................4-8

4.4 Implementation of RF Optimization...............................................................................................................4-8

5 KPI Optimization.......................................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Collection of KPI Optimization Data..............................................................................................................5-3

5.2 Analysis of KPI Optimization Data................................................................................................................5-3

5.2.1 Analysis of Access Counter Optimization.............................................................................................5-4

5.2.2 Analysis of Congestion Counter Optimization......................................................................................5-4

5.2.3 Analysis of Handover Counter Optimization.........................................................................................5-6

5.2.4 Analysis of Call Drop Counter Optimization.........................................................................................5-7

5.3 Implementation of KPI Optimization..............................................................................................................5-8

6 Network Acceptance..................................................................................................................6-1

6.1 Main Counters of Network Acceptance..........................................................................................................6-2

6.1.1 Drive Test Counters...............................................................................................................................6-2


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6.1.2 Performance Measurement Counters.....................................................................................................6-3

6.2 Contents of the Network Acceptance Report..................................................................................................6-4

7 Network Optimization Tools...................................................................................................7-1

7.1 Probe................................................................................................................................................................7-27.2 TEMS..............................................................................................................................................................7-2

7.3 ANT Pilot for GSM.........................................................................................................................................7-3

7.4 Assistant..........................................................................................................................................................7-3

7.5 ANT for GSM.................................................................................................................................................7-5

7.6 Nastar..............................................................................................................................................................7-6

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Figures

Figure 1-1 Procedure of network optimization....................................................................................................1-2

Figure 2-1 Organization of the radio network optimization team........................................................................2-2

Figure 3-1 Verification procedure of a single site................................................................................................3-2

Figure 4-1 Procedure of RF optimization.............................................................................................................4-2

Figure 5-1 Procedure of KPI optimization...........................................................................................................5-2

Figure 5-2 Call dropped due to oversized coverage.............................................................................................5-7


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Tables

Table 2-1 Network optimization tools............................................................................. .....................................2-3

Table 6-1 Drive test counters of the GSM network..............................................................................................6-2

Table 6-2 Performance counters of the GSM network.........................................................................................6-3

Table 7-1 Main functions of the Assistant............................................................................................................7-3

Table 7-2 Main functions of the Nastar................................................................................................................7-6


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About This Document

Purpose

BSS radio network optimization refers to appropriately adjusting the planning results of the

mobile communications network so that the network can operate more economically andreliably. Through radio network optimization, the service quality and resource usage of the

network are greatly improved. This document consists six major topics, which are overview of

GBSS radio network optimization, network optimization startup, single site verification, RF

optimization, KPI optimization, and network acceptance.

Product Version

The following table lists the product version related to this document.

Product Name Product Model Product Version

BSC BSC6000 V900R008

Intended Audience

This document is intended for network optimization engineers.

Change History

For changes in the document, refer to Changes in BSS Radio Network Optimization

Guidelines.

Organization

1 Introduction to Radio Network Optimization

Radio network optimization refers to appropriately adjusting the planning results of the mobile

communications network so that the network can operate more economically and reliably.

Through radio network optimization, the service quality and resource usage of the network are

greatly improved, and the balance among coverage, capacity, and quality is achieved.

2 Network Optimization Startup

Network optimization startup consists of organizing the network optimization team, determiningthe acceptance counters, and arranging the network optimization tools.


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3 Single Site Verification

Single site verification is a self-test associated with the equipment in each site and each cell. The

purpose of single site verification is to verify that the basic functions, such as access, call, and

handover for each site and each cell in the area to be optimized are normal before RF

optimization. Single site verification is optional for the existing networks.

4 RF Optimization

RF optimization aims to optimize the signal coverage, mitigate the interference, and ensure the

even distribution and normal coverage of the radio signals after the service parameters are

optimized.

5 KPI Optimization

KPI optimization involves optimizing the service performance of the network to meet the

acceptance requirements. During KPI optimization, the engineers for the network optimization

find and solve the problems that do not meet the acceptance requirements through the analysis

of the drive test data and the traffic measurement data.

6 Network Acceptance

Network acceptance aims to make sure that the network performance meets the optimization

specifications. It involves the collection of traffic measurement data and drive test data, as well

as the evaluation of network quality and the presentation of network optimization.

7 Network Optimization Tools

Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis, and simulation analysis.

They help to simplify network optimization and improve efficiency in work. The network

optimization tools are Probe, TEMS, ANT pilot for GSM, Assistant, ANT for GSM, and Nastar.

Conventions

1. Symbol Conventions

The following symbols may be found in this document. They are defined as follows

Symbol Description

DANGER

Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk that, if not avoided,

will result in death or serious injury.

WARNING

Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level of risk which, if

not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.

CAUTION

Indicates a potentially hazardous situation that, if not avoided,

could cause equipment damage, data loss, and performance

degradation, or unexpected results.

TIP Indicates a tip that may help you solve a problem or save your

time.

NOTE Provides additional information to emphasize or supplement

important points of the main text.

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2. General Conventions

Convention Description

Times New Roman Normal paragraphs are in Times New Roman.

Boldface Names of files,directories,folders,and users are in boldface. For

example,log in as userroot .

Italic Book titles are in italics.

Courier New Terminal display is in Courier New.

3. Command Conventions


Boldface The keywords of a command line are in boldface.

Italic Command arguments are in italic.

[ ] Items (keywords or arguments) in square brackets [ ] are optional.

{x | y | ...} Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical

bars.One is selected.

[ x | y | ... ] Optional alternative items are grouped in square brackets and

separated by vertical bars.One or none is selected.

{ x | y | ... } * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by verticalbars.A minimum of one or a maximum of all can be selected.

[ x | y | ... ] * Alternative items are grouped in braces and separated by vertical

bars.A minimum of zero or a maximum of all can be selected.

4. GUI Conventions


Boldface Buttons,menus,parameters,tabs,window,and dialog titles are in

boldface. For example,clickOK.

> Multi-level menus are in boldfaceand separated by the ">" signs.

For example,choose File > Create > Folder .

5. Keyboard Operation


Key Press the key.For example,press Enter and press Tab.

Key1+Key2 Press the keys concurrently.For example,pressing Ctrl+Alt+A

means the three keys should be pressed concurrently.


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Key1,Key2 Press the keys in turn.For example,pressing Alt,A means the two

keys should be pressed in turn.

6. Mouse Operation

Action Description

Click Select and release the primary mouse button without moving the

pointer.

Double-click Press the primary mouse button twice continuously and quickly

without moving the pointer.

Drag Press and hold the primary mouse button and move the pointer

to a certain position.

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1 Introduction to Radio NetworkOptimization

About This Chapter

Radio network optimization refers to appropriately adjusting the planning results of the mobile

communications network so that the network can operate more economically and reliably.

Through radio network optimization, the service quality and resource usage of the network are

greatly improved, and the balance among coverage, capacity, and quality is achieved.

1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization

Network optimization can be performed during the lifetime of the network. It helps to optimizethe network performance according to the telecom operator's requirements, and thus brings about

more benefits.

1.2 Procedure of Radio Network Optimization

Radio network optimization involves the following phases: project startup, single site

verification, RF optimization, KPI optimization, and network acceptance.


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1.1 Triggering Conditions of Radio Network Optimization

Network optimization can be performed during the lifetime of the network. It helps to optimizethe network performance according to the telecom operator's requirements, and thus brings about

more benefits.

The radio network optimization is mainly performed in the following two phases:

l Network construction period

Radio network optimization complements and rectifies the operational network planning

to raise the quality and efficiency of the network.

l Network maintenance period

When the network quality deteriorates due to changes in the propagation environment and

traffic volume, you can perform network optimization to adjust network parameters so that

the network can operate stably and efficiently.

1.2 Procedure of Radio Network Optimization

Radio network optimization involves the following phases: project startup, single site

verification, RF optimization, KPI optimization, and network acceptance.

Figure 1-1 shows the procedure of network optimization.

Figure 1-1 Procedure of network optimization

KPIoptimization outputs

Cell Parameter Table

Radio Network Planning Report

Engineering Parameter Table

Network

optimization

preparation

and startup

Start

Single site

verification

RF

optimization

KPI optimization

Network

acceptance

End

Network optimizationpreparation and startup inputs

Existing network inputs:

Performance measurement data

Alarm data

Complaints

Network optimization records

RF optimization outputs

Updated Cell Parameter Table/Cell

Parameter Optimization Record

Updated Engineering Parameter

Table/Engineering Parameter

Optimization Record

Updated Cell Parameter Table/Cell

Parameter Optimization Record

Updated Engineering Parameter

Table/Engineering Parameter

Optimization Record

Daily Performance Measurement

Report (Optional)Radio Network

Acceptance Report

Radio Network

Optimization Report

Radio network optimization reports

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Phase Description

2 Network

Optimization

Startup

According to the telecom operator's requirements for the GSM radio

network, discuss and determine the optimization counters. The

optimization counters are one of the criteria for network acceptance.

3 Single Site

Verification

The radio network optimization team begins to function when the site

is ready for service. Verify that the site runs properly and that the data

configuration is consistent with that determined during radio network

planning. Collect the information on the site and the ambient

environment for future optimization.

4 RF

Optimization

RF optimization ensures the radio signal coverage and solves the RF-

related service problems. RF optimization is performed based on

clusters. Several BTSs are from one cluster. RF optimization is

performed based on the drive test data. The overlapped areas must be

optimized.

5 KPI

Optimization

KPI optimization, consisting of the analysis of the drive test data and

that of the traffic measurement data, supplements the RF optimization

in radio network problems. Through KPI optimization, services-related

problems, such as access failures, call drops, and handover failures are

solved.

6 Network

Acceptance

The entire radio network is checked, if required. The acceptance is

passed when the final network KPIs meet the customers' requirements.


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2Network Optimization StartupAbout This Chapter

Network optimization startup consists of organizing the network optimization team, determining

the acceptance counters, and arranging the network optimization tools.

2.1 Organization of Radio Network Optimization Team

During network optimization startup, you need to determine the members of the radio network

optimization team.

2.2 Determination of Optimization Acceptance Counters

The acceptance counters are the targets of network optimization. The definition, test

requirements, and test methods of the counters must be determined together with the telecom

operator before network optimization. Some counters that are already determined during the

planning period can be obtained from the contract.

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools

Each network optimization team must have at least one set of network optimization tools.


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2.1 Organization of Radio Network Optimization Team

During network optimization startup, you need to determine the members of the radio network

optimization team.

Figure 2-1 shows the organization of the network optimization team.

Figure 2-1 Organization of the radio network optimization team

Project manager

......Area network 1 Area network N

......

......TS/TL TS/TLDT/signaling/

performance

measurement counter

selection engineer

Performancemeasurement counter

analysis engineer

Troubleshooting

engineer

Complaints

analysis engineer

Parameter

modification engineer

DT/signaling/

performance

measurement counter

selection engineer

Performancemeasurement counter

analysis engineer

Troubleshooting

engineer

Complaints

analysis engineer

Parameter

modification engineer

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NOTE

l Technical Supporters (TSs)

l Team Leader (TL)

2.2 Determination of Optimization Acceptance Counters

The acceptance counters are the targets of network optimization. The definition, test

requirements, and test methods of the counters must be determined together with the telecom

operator before network optimization. Some counters that are already determined during the

planning period can be obtained from the contract.

The key counters that indicate the network quality include the coverage rate, call drop rate, call

setup success rate, and congestion rate.

The acceptance counters are classified into drive test counters and traffic measurement counters.

The type of the counters to be focused on varies with the type of the network.

l For new networks with comparatively few subscribers, the acceptance counters mainly

refer to drive test counters.

l For the existing network with a certain amount of subscribers, the acceptance counters

should refer to both drive test counters and performance counters.

2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools

Each network optimization team must have at least one set of network optimization tools.

Table 2-1 lists the network optimization tools.

Table 2-1 Network optimization tools

SN Category Name Description

1 Drive test tools Genex Probe/

Assistant, TEMS,

ANT

Collects data on the Um

interface

2 Signaling

instruments

K1205, MA10,

Signaling Analyzer

Analyzes the signaling traced on

the A and Abis interfaces

3 Performanceanalysis tool

Genex Nastar Analyzes the trafficmeasurements

4 Spectrum

analyzer

YBT250 Sweeps frequencies


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3 Single Site VerificationAbout This Chapter

Single site verification is a self-test associated with the equipment in each site and each cell. The

purpose of single site verification is to verify that the basic functions, such as access, call, and

handover for each site and each cell in the area to be optimized are normal before RF

optimization. Single site verification is optional for the existing networks.

The functions of single site verification are as follows:

l Distinguishing the problems during network optimization from the equipment faults, for

example, distinguishing call drops and access failures caused by network coverage from

that caused by equipment faults. The differentiation facilitates locating and solvingproblems and also enhances the network optimization efficiency.

l Familiarizing the engineers for network optimization with the information, such as the site

location, site configuration, and surrounding environment in the area to be optimized as

well as laying foundation for the succeeding network optimization.

Single site verification involves the test preparations, single site test, and troubleshooting.Figure

3-1 shows the verification procedure of a single site.


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Figure 3-1 Verification procedure of a single site

Radio Parameter

Planning Data Sheet

Test preparations

Site state check

Configuration data check

Other preparations

Single site test

Frequency checkLAC/CID check

Ambient site C/I check

Call functions check (voice/SMS)

Coverage DT check

Antenna system check

...

Troubleshooting

Radio Parameter

Configuration Data Sheet

Single Site Verification

Checklist

When all the cells in the area to be optimized pass the verification and no equipment fault occurs,

the single site verification ends and the RF optimization starts.

3.1 Preparations for Single Site Test

During preparations for single site test, you need to check the site status, check configuration

data, select test places or routes, and debugs test instruments.

3.2 Single Site Test and Troubleshooting

Single site test aims to locate the problems associated with the installation and functionality of

the equipment. After the signal site test is complete, the test results of each site should beproduced.






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3.1 Preparations for Single Site Test

During preparations for single site test, you need to check the site status, check configuration

data, select test places or routes, and debugs test instruments.

You need to perform the following operations before single site test:

l Checking site status

Prepare the list of test cells and ensure that the cells are normal.

l Checking the configuration data

Check whether the configuration data in the Radio Parameter Configuration Data Sheet is

the same as that in the BSC database.

l Selecting test places or routes

To ensure that the test services are provided by the test cell, select a place within thecoverage of the test cell where the signal strength is strong.

l Other preparations

Consult the engineers for network optimization from the telecom operator to verify that

the power of each site is ready for transmission.

Obtain the test mobile phone number.

Select the position where signals are strong in the target cell.

Obtain the test SIM card and ensure that the relevant services are available.

Debug the instruments for the test to ensure that they are operational.

Ensure that the test MS is in engineering mode and that the battery is fully charged.

Print test forms.

Familiarize yourself with the test site information, including the site location, cell ID,

frequencies, omnidirectional or directional antenna, and antenna azimuth.

3.2 Single Site Test and Troubleshooting

Single site test aims to locate the problems associated with the installation and functionality of

the equipment. After the signal site test is complete, the test results of each site should be

produced.

Single site test involves the following aspects:

l Site configuration and troubleshooting

Checking frequencies

Check whether the ARFCNs are the same as those planned.

Checking LAI

Check whether the LAI is the same as that planned.

Checking handover

Check whether the configuration of the neighbor cell is complete and whether thehandover parameters are normal.


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For the abnormal site configuration, you need to adjust related parameters to solve the

problem.

l Site coverage and troubleshooting

Check whether the field strength is normal and whether there are problems such as abnormal

power amplification, improper antenna system connection, blockage due to environmentalchange, and inconsistent antenna tilt and azimuth.

Solve the problems in site coverage by adjusting the antenna system.

l Site service test and troubleshooting

Perform Call Quality Test (CQT) to check whether the access and conversation of the

speech services are normal through dialing test.

Solve the service problems by adjusting related parameters or by rectifying hardware faults.






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4 RF OptimizationAbout This Chapter

RF optimization aims to optimize the signal coverage, mitigate the interference, and ensure the

even distribution and normal coverage of the radio signals after the service parameters are

optimized.

RF optimization involves the following aspects:

l Signal coverage optimization

Problems in radio coverage are caused by the following factors:

Incomplete network planning and imperfect radio network structure Equipment faults

Low construction quality

New coverage requirements from the customers

The handling methods vary with the causes of the coverage problem.

l Interference optimization

For the downlink, the field strength is great and the speech quality is poor.

For the uplink, the interference level is high.

For the interference occurred during RF optimization, you need to locate the interference

sources. The interference sources that affect the GSM system are as follows:

Intra-network interference

Intra-network interference involves the co-channel interference and adjacent channel

interference. When C/I < 12 dB or C/A < -6 dB, interference occurs. Interference appears

more frequently when aggressive frequency reuse is used. The probability of

interference increases when tight frequency reuse patterns are used.

Interference from repeaters

Repeaters are used in the early phase of network construction to extend the BTS

coverage distance. If not appropriately used, the repeaters will cause interference to

BTSs.

Interference from other high-power communications equipment


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Radar sites, analog sites, and the communications equipment of the same frequency

band cause interference.

Hardware faults

Hardware faults consist of TRX fault, Combining and Distribution Unit (CDU) fault or

divider fault, spurious emission, and intermodulation.

Figure 4-1 shows the procedure of RF optimization.

Figure 4-1 Procedure of RF optimization

Yes

No

Start

Test preparations:Determining the optimization target

Categorizing the clusters

Determining the test route

Keeping ready the documentsand tools

Data collection:Drive test

Indoor test

BSC configuration data collection

Adjustment:Engineering parameter

adjustment

Neighbor cell parameter

adjustment

Problem analysis:

Coverage analysis

Interference analysisHardware faults analysis

End-to-end network elements

interoperation analysis

End

Are the

optimization resultsfactory?

4.1 Preparations for RF Optimization Test

The preparations for RF optimization test ensure the smooth operation of RF optimization. It

involves determining the optimization target, categorizing the clusters, determining the test

route, and arranging for the documents and tools.

4.2 Collection of RF Optimization Data

The RF optimization data can be collected through drive tests, indoor tests, and signaling tracing.

The collected data together with the BSC call tracing data and configuration data provide

reference for problem location. The data helps to check whether the network operates in

accordance with the specifications.

4.3 Analysis of RF Optimization Data

The DT and CQT are efficient means to locate radio network problems. After the tests are

complete, you need to analyze the collected data, and then to locate and solve the problems

according to the analysis result. Through the analysis of RF optimization data, you can locate

network problems related to coverage, interference, hardware failure, and interoperability of

network elements, and then make appropriate adjustments.

4.4 Implementation of RF Optimization

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The implementation of RF optimization involves the adjustment of the cell engineering

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4.1 Preparations for RF Optimization Test

The preparations for RF optimization test ensure the smooth operation of RF optimization. It

involves determining the optimization target, categorizing the clusters, determining the test

route, and arranging for the documents and tools.

The test preparation phase involves the following aspects:

l Determining the optimization target

Determine the optimization target so that the network can operate as planned and that the

KPIs meet the acceptance requirements.

l Categorizing the clusters

The coverage, capacity, and quality of the GSM network are related to each other.

Therefore, RF optimization must be performed in clusters instead of single BTSs.

l Determining the test route

Before the drive test, determine with the customer the KPI drive test route. The drive test

route must include the customer-specified route, if there is any.

l Getting ready the documents and tools

For details, refer to 2.3 Preparations of Network Optimization Tools. The required

documents include user guides, reports, and templates.

4.2 Collection of RF Optimization Data

The RF optimization data can be collected through drive tests, indoor tests, and signaling tracing.

The collected data together with the BSC call tracing data and configuration data providereference for problem location. The data helps to check whether the network operates in

accordance with the specifications.

The RF optimization data can be collected through the following methods:

l Drive test

In the coverage area of the network, use the mobile phone in standard conversation mode

to collect counters associated with the specified services.

l Call quality test

The call quality test (CQT) covers the continuous coverage services that are listed in the

commercial contract or in the planning report of the trial office. The test method is the same

as the drive test.

The CQT areas consist of the indoor areas (buildings, malls, subways, indoor stadiums,

and government agencies) and operator-required test areas (VIC and VIP).

The RF optimization data is collected through the DT and CQT. The DT is performed more

often, and the CQT is performed according to the contract or planning requirements.

4.3 Analysis of RF Optimization Data

The DT and CQT are efficient means to locate radio network problems. After the tests are

complete, you need to analyze the collected data, and then to locate and solve the problemsaccording to the analysis result. Through the analysis of RF optimization data, you can locate

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network problems related to coverage, interference, hardware failure, and interoperability of

network elements, and then make appropriate adjustments.

4.3.1 Analysis of Coverage Problems

The analysis of coverage problem, the key of RF optimization, focuses on signal distribution.

4.3.2 Analysis of Interference Problems

Interference is a key factor that influences network operation. It greatly affects the speech quality

and handover. Call drops or congestion may be caused. The interference analysis involves uplink

interference analysis and downlink interference analysis.

4.3.3 Analysis of Hardware Faults

Hardware faults affect the normal operation of the network or disrupt the network. Also, the

network performance deteriorates. Hardware faults consist of the network element faults and

transmission link faults. You can determine the type of the faults by checking the hardware

alarms and analyzing the traffic measurement results.

4.3.4 Analysis of End-To-End Network Elements InteroperationThe end-to-end network elements refer to the nodes on the mobile communications network.

The proper operation of the network elements, including the BTS, BSC, and MSC, is the

prerequisite for the normal operation of the network.

4.3.1 Analysis of Coverage Problems

The analysis of coverage problem, the key of RF optimization, focuses on signal distribution.

The common coverage problems and corresponding checking items are as follows:

l If the coverage area becomes smaller after the BTS starts services, check the following

items:

Check the ambient environment of the BTS antennas.

Check the changes in the propagation environment.

Check whether there are VSWR alarms and main and diversity receive alarms on the

Site Maintenance Terminal System.

Check whether the VSWR is less than 1.5.

Check whether the TMA is operational.

Check the engineering parameters such as the antenna tilt and azimuth.

Check the BTS transmit power.

Check whether the BTS receiver sensitivity is normal. Check whether the parameters associated with coverage are set properly.

Check whether the noise floor is high due to interference and poor electromagnetic

environment.

l If the coverage problems are caused by the expansion of the BTS capacity, check the

following items:

Check whether the configuration of combiners changes after capacity expansion.

Check whether appropriate antennas are selected.

Check whether the new antennas are installed in accordance with the requirements.

Check the location of the BCCH transmit antenna of the omnidirectional double transmitantennas.





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For the directional double transmit antennas, check whether the pitch and the azimuth

of the antennas are consistent.

Check the output power on top of the cabinet for different TRXs when the maximum-

coverage configuration is used.

l If the coverage problems are caused by BTS swapping or new construction, check thefollowing items:

Check whether the azimuth and height of the antennas is the same as those before

swapping.

Check whether the tilt of the directional antennas is the same as that before swapping.

Check whether the power on top of the cabinet for the BTS before and after swapping

are consistent.

Check whether the BTS receiver sensitivity is normal.

Check whether the noise floor is high due to interference and poor electromagnetic

environment.

Check whether there are VSWR alarms and main and diversity receive alarms on the

Site Maintenance Terminal System.

Check whether the parameters associated with coverage are set properly.

Check whether the antennas are installed in accordance with the requirements after the

BTS is put into operation or after new construction.

Check whether appropriate antennas are selected.

Check the location of the BCCH transmit antenna of the omnidirectional double transmit

antennas.

For the directional double transmit antennas, check whether the pitch and the azimuth

of the antennas are consistent. Check that there are inverse connections in the antenna system.

Check whether the TMA is operational.

Check the power on top of the cabinet for different TRXs when the maximum-coverage

configuration is used.

The common problems that affect coverage are as follows:

l Water running into the antennas

l Passive intermodulation antennas

l Inappropriate antenna type

Select the antennas that meet the network performance requirements and ensure there are

signals under the antenna tower.

l Tower influences on the omnidirectional antennas

The tower has great influences on the signal strength and the coverage area of the antennas.

The influences depend on the distance between the MS and the tower.

l Inappropriate installation of the directional antennas

The antennas may be connected inversely or wrongly. The azimuth and pitch of the transmit

antennas and the receive antennas are not consistent. The diversity spacing, the isolation

from the tower, and the shadows of the directional cells in the neighbor coverage areas are

not set appropriately.

l Inappropriate installation of the omnidirectional antennas

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The radiator of the omnidirectional antenna is blocked by the post. The diversity spacing

and the isolation from the tower are not set appropriately. The installation is not

perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

l Problems associated with the connection of the antenna system, combiner and divider, and

CDUWater leaks into the connectors and the feeders in the antenna system. The connectors are

not tightened. The connection of the jumpers is not consistent with data configuration,

which causes inverse connection of the transmit antennas and the receive antennas. The

jumpers and the feeders are not properly connected, which causes signal loss, excessive

VSWR, passive cross-modulation, and interference.

l TMA problems

Water leaks into the TMA. The lower noise amplifier (LNA) is damaged. The TMA is

connected inversely.

l BTS front-end module fault

The isolator, duplexer, or other filters break down. The false VSWR alarm, faulty LNA,and small output power of the TRX or the amplifier affect the coverage.

The parameters that affect coverage areas are as follows:

TRX power level, TMA power attenuation factor, MS maximum transmit power control level,

MS minimum receive signal level, and RACH minimum access level

4.3.2 Analysis of Interference Problems

Interference is a key factor that influences network operation. It greatly affects the speech quality

and handover. Call drops or congestion may be caused. The interference analysis involves uplink

interference analysis and downlink interference analysis.

l Analysis of uplink interference problems

If the traffic volume is low compared with the interference band, then the uplink

interference exists.

l Analysis of downlink interference problems

If the Received Signal Quality (RXQUAL) is lower than the predefined threshold and the

Received Signal Level (RXLEV) is higher than the predefined threshold, then the downlink

interference exists. If Both RXQUAL and RXLEV are lower than the predefined thresholds,

then the coverage problem exists.

The interference sources of the GSM network are as follows:

l Intra-network interference

l Interference from repeaters

l Interference from other high-power communications equipment

l Hardware faults

The location and troubleshooting are as follows:

1. Determine the cells that have interference on the basis of KPIs.

2. Check the OMC alarms.

3. Check the frequency planning.

4. Check the cell parameter setting.





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5. Perform the drive test.

6. Eliminate the interference based on the check results.

4.3.3 Analysis of Hardware Faults

Hardware faults affect the normal operation of the network or disrupt the network. Also, the

network performance deteriorates. Hardware faults consist of the network element faults and

transmission link faults. You can determine the type of the faults by checking the hardware

alarms and analyzing the traffic measurement results.

If the network performance deteriorates due to poor transmission quality and unstable operation

of boards and transmission links on the Abis and A interfaces, analyze as follows:

1. Check the transmission alarms and board alarms to see whether there is intermittent

transmission or faulty boards.

2. Check whether the transmission paths, bit error rate, and 2M connectors are normal. Also,

check whether the equipment is properly grounded.

4.3.4 Analysis of End-To-End Network Elements Interoperation

The end-to-end network elements refer to the nodes on the mobile communications network.

The proper operation of the network elements, including the BTS, BSC, and MSC, is the

prerequisite for the normal operation of the network.

The interoperation problems of the network elements refer to the problems in interface protocols,

version matching, A and Abis interface data configuration, and interface signaling compatibility.

All the problems affect the network performance.

4.4 Implementation of RF Optimization

The implementation of RF optimization involves the adjustment of the cell engineering

parameters and cell parameters based on the data analysis so that they meet the KPI requirements.

Antenna adjustment is a part of the RF optimization. You should consider the optimization cost

when replacing the antennas, adding TMAs, and adding BTSs.

You can solve most RF problems by adjusting the following engineering parameters:

l Antenna tilt

l Antenna azimuth

l Antenna height

l Antenna location

l Antenna type

l Adding TMAs

l Replacing site type, for example, replacing a site that supports 20 W power amplification

with a site that supports 40 W power amplification

l Adjusting the site location

l Adding sites

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CAUTION

The previous engineering parameter with higher adjustment priority is listed firstly.





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5 KPI OptimizationAbout This Chapter

KPI optimization involves optimizing the service performance of the network to meet the

acceptance requirements. During KPI optimization, the engineers for the network optimization

find and solve the problems that do not meet the acceptance requirements through the analysis

of the drive test data and the traffic measurement data.

KPI optimization involves the counters such as the call-completion rate, call drop rate, handover

success rate, and congestion rate.

Figure 5-1 shows the procedure of KPI optimization.


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Figure 5-1 Procedure of KPI optimization

No

Yes

Start

RF optimization

Data collection:

Configuration dataDrive test data

Performance

measurement data

Call trace data

End

Are the

optimization results

satisfactory?

Data analysis

Are the

optimization results

satisfactory?

Yes

Data analysis

and processing

No

Discuss solutions

Make solutions

5.1 Collection of KPI Optimization Data

The KPI optimization data consists of the drive test data, call tracing data, traffic measurement

data, and configuration data. The data helps to check whether the network operates in accordance

with the specifications. Also, the data provides reference for locating problems.

5.2 Analysis of KPI Optimization Data

The single site test focuses on the functional problems associated with the equipment, the RF

optimization focuses on the problems associated with signal coverage, and the KPI optimization

focuses on the KPI problems. The analysis of KPI optimization data helps solve the remaining

equipment and coverage problems. The common KPI problems are associated with call access,

congestion, handover, and call drops.

5.3 Implementation of KPI Optimization

During the implementation of KPI optimization, you can adjust the radio configuration

parameters to enhance the service performance.

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5.1 Collection of KPI Optimization Data

The KPI optimization data consists of the drive test data, call tracing data, traffic measurement

data, and configuration data. The data helps to check whether the network operates in accordance

with the specifications. Also, the data provides reference for locating problems.

Collection of Drive Test Data

The data collected during drive test is associated with the MS. The drive test in KPI optimization

should be more detailed and comprehensive than that in RF optimization. The drive test in KPI

optimization involves the following aspects:

l Test services: speech and data

l Test methods: continuous conversation, dialing test, and automatic test

Collection of Call Tracing Data

The call tracing data is collected on the network equipment side. It consists of the following:

l User signaling messages

l Cell signaling messages

l Standard interface signaling messages

l LAC data

l Real-time performance monitoring data

Collection of Traffic Measurement Data

The performance measurement data indicates the radio performance on the network level and

the cell level. GBSS performance data consists of the following:

l Access data

l Call drop data

l Handover data

l Traffic volume

l Congestion data

Collection of Configuration Data

The configuration script files collected in the BSC are used for problem analysis and location.

5.2 Analysis of KPI Optimization Data

The single site test focuses on the functional problems associated with the equipment, the RF

optimization focuses on the problems associated with signal coverage, and the KPI optimization

focuses on the KPI problems. The analysis of KPI optimization data helps solve the remaining

equipment and coverage problems. The common KPI problems are associated with call access,

congestion, handover, and call drops.





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5.2.1 Analysis of Access Counter Optimization

The analysis of access problems aims to make sure that the drive test data and traffic

measurement data meet the specifications.

5.2.2 Analysis of Congestion Counter Optimization

The congestion in the GSM network refers to the SDCCH congestion and TCH congestion. IfSDCCH congestion occurs, it means there are no idle SDCCH available. If TCH congestion

occurs, either the channel request fails because no idle TCHs are available or the TCH assignment

fails after the assignment command is issued. In the later case, there are various reasons that

cause the assignment failure.

5.2.3 Analysis of Handover Counter Optimization

The analysis of handover problems involve the analysis of the drive test data and the analysis

of the traffic measurement data. It aims to make sure whether the drive test data and traffic

measurement data meet the specifications. Before performing handover optimization, check

whether the handover problem is associated with radio handover failures or other causes.

5.2.4 Analysis of Call Drop Counter OptimizationCall drops are associated with coverage, handover, interference, antenna system, transmission,

and parameter setting.

5.2.1 Analysis of Access Counter Optimization

The analysis of access problems aims to make sure that the drive test data and traffic

measurement data meet the specifications.

l Access specifications (drive test)

The access specifications consist of the calling party completion ratio, called party

completion ratio, and access delay of the CS and PS services.

l Access specifications (traffic measurements)

The access specifications consist of the paging success rate and call setup success rate.

If access problems exist, the call drop counters obtained from drive test and traffic measurement

might fail to meet the acceptance requirements. The common access problems are as follows:

l Paging problems

l Assignment problems

l Authentication and encryption problems

l Equipment problems

To solve the access problems, you need to adjust the following antenna configuration parameters:

l Cell reselection parameters

The cell reselection parameters consist of the reselection start threshold, reselection delay,

reselection hysteresis, and cell offset.

l Radom access parameters

The random access parameters consist of the RACH minimum access threshold, BS-PA-

MFRAMS, MS minimum access level, and RACH error threshold.

5.2.2 Analysis of Congestion Counter Optimization

The congestion in the GSM network refers to the SDCCH congestion and TCH congestion. IfSDCCH congestion occurs, it means there are no idle SDCCH available. If TCH congestion

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occurs, either the channel request fails because no idle TCHs are available or the TCH assignment

fails after the assignment command is issued. In the later case, there are various reasons that

cause the assignment failure.

The common congestion and troubleshooting are as follows:

l Congestion caused by high traffic volume

Check the performance measurement results to see whether the traffic volume of the

SDCCH and the TCH exceeds the specifications. For congestion caused by high traffic

volume, capacity expansion is the fundamental solution. Also, traffic sharing can be applied

to mitigate the congestion.

l SDCCH congestion caused by burst traffic

If the SDCCH congestion rate and the traffic volume are high while the TCH traffic volume

is normal, the SDCCH congestion may be caused by a traffic burst. To mitigate the SDCCH

congestion, you can configure more SDCCHs or enable the SDCCH-TCH dynamic

conversion function.

l Congestion caused by TRX failure

In a cell configured with multiple TRXs, if a faulty TRX is out of service, congestion may

occur. You can replace the faulty TRX. If you are not sure whether the fault lies in the TRX

or not, check whether the cables in the antenna system are properly connected and whether

the VSWR is normal. If the cables in the antenna system are properly connected and the

VSWR is normal, replace the TRX and then check whether the services recover.

l Congestion caused by interference

Interference on the Um interface also causes congestion. Mitigate the congestion by solving

the interference problems.

l

Congestion caused by channel assignment failure due to inconsistent coverageThe causes are as follows:

The transmit power of the TRXs in a cell are not the same. Check whether the combiner

and divider, CDU, and SCU are properly connected.

The coverage areas of the transmit antennas in a cell are not the same. You can solve

the problem through engineering adjustment.

The transmit and receive antennas are not on the same horizontal plane or their tilts are

not the same. You can solve the problem by adjusting the antennas.

l Congestion caused by inappropriate data configuration

The data configuration involved in such congestion is as follows:

Planning of location areas

Plan the location areas reasonably to decrease SDCCH congestion.

Dynamic allocation of SDCCHs

Enable the SDCCH dynamic allocation function to decrease SDCCH congestion.

Dual-band network

Set the dual-band network parameters (for example, CRO, CBA, CBQ, and Cell

Reselection Hysteresis) appropriately to decrease SDCCH congestion.

Timer setting

Check whether the timers, such as T3101, T3103, T3107, T3122, T3212, and T3111,are set appropriately.





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5.2.3 Analysis of Handover Counter Optimization

The analysis of handover problems involve the analysis of the drive test data and the analysis

of the traffic measurement data. It aims to make sure whether the drive test data and traffic

measurement data meet the specifications. Before performing handover optimization, checkwhether the handover problem is associated with radio handover failures or other causes.

The common handover problems and troubleshooting are as follows:

l Unsuccessful handover

The MS fails to initiate a handover when the signals in the cell are weak or signal quality

is poor. Take the following aspects into consideration:

Whether the handover conditions are met

Whether there is a candidate cell that meets the handover conditions

Adjust relevant parameters based on the following causes:

The handover thresholds are set too low.

No neighboring cell relation is set.

The handover hysteresis is set inappropriately.

The best cell measurement time N and P are set inappropriately.

NOTE

P/N criterion: If the triggering conditions of an event are met for at least P seconds within N

seconds, then the event meets the P/N criterion.

The BTS clock expires.

l Handover problems caused by hardware failure

If a handover problem occurs while the configuration data of the faulty cell and its neighborcells is not changed recently, then check whether the problem is caused by hardware failure.

If so, replace the faulty hardware.

l Handover problems caused by inappropriate data configuration

In independent MSC networking mode, if the incoming or outgoing MSC handover is

abnormal, check whether the signaling settings are inconsistent in the local and peer

MSCs and whether the data of the local and peer MSCs is changed.

In co-MSC networking mode, if the handover between the BSCs from different

manufacturers is abnormal, check whether signaling settings are consistent in the two

BSCs, and then check whether the data of the two BSCs is changed.

If the handover failure applies to only one cell, then analyze the problem based on theactual situations.

Check the timers related to handover, such as the T3105, Ny1, T3103, and T3124.

To locate the handover problems, do as follows:

1. Check whether the fault lies in one cell or in all the cells. Check also the characteristics of

the faulty cells. For example, the faulty cells are neighboring cells of a cell or the faulty

cells share a BSC or an MSC.

2. Check whether the configuration data is adjusted before the problem occurs.

3. Check whether the problem is caused by hardware faults.

4. Register the related performance measurement counters such as handover performancemeasurement counters and TCH performance measurement counters.

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5. Perform a drive test in the faulty cell and analyze the signaling.

5.2.4 Analysis of Call Drop Counter Optimization

Call drops are associated with coverage, handover, interference, antenna system, transmission,and parameter setting.

The causes and troubleshooting of common call drops are as follows:

l Coverage-related call drops are caused by the following:

Discontinuous coverage with blind areas

The signals on the edge of an isolated BTS are weak and of poor quality; thus, calls are

dropped as they cannot be handed over to other cells.

In complex landforms, for example, mountainsides, the transmission of the signals is

blocked and discontinuous, which causes call drops.

Bad indoor coverage

Densely distributed buildings and thick walls cause great attenuation and low indoor

level, which lead to call drops.

Cross-area coverage (isolated island)

In Figure 5-2, cell B is the neighbor cell of cell A, but cell C is not. If the MS roams

from cell A to cell C and still seizes the signals of cell A, when a handover is initiated

from cell A to cell B, the MS will not find a suitable target cell and the call is dropped.

Figure 5-2 Call dropped due to oversized coverage

Cell A

Cell B

Cell C

Can't find next cell

cause call drop

Expected Coverage

Actual Coverage

Undersized coverage

If the hardware of a cell is faulty, for example, the radiator of the antenna is blocked or

the BCCH TRX is faulty, calls might be dropped.

For calls dropped due to coverage, locate the areas with insufficient coverage through drive

test, and then remove inappropriate neighbor cell relations and rectify hardware faults,

provided that the indoor communications is acceptable. For details, refer to 4 RF

Optimization.

l Handover-related call drop





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For details on the analysis of handover-related call drop and its troubleshooting, refer to

5.2.3 Analysis of Handover Counter Optimization.

l Interference-related call drop

For details on the analysis of interference-related call drop and its troubleshooting, refer to

4.3.2 Analysis of Interference Problems.

l Antenna system-related call drop

For details on the analysis of antenna system-related call drop and its troubleshooting, refer

to 4 RF Optimization.

l Transmission-related call drop

For details on the analysis of transmission-related call drop and its troubleshooting, refer

to 4.3.3 Analysis of Hardware Faults.

In addition, you can perform the analysis together with the following traffic measurement

results:

A interface failures during TCH seizure

TCH availability

Call drops due to terrestrial link interruption

l Parameter-related call drop

Check whether the parameters related to call drop are set appropriately. The parameters are

as follows:

Radio link timeout

SACCH multi-frames

Access control parameters

Timer T3101 and timer T3107

T200 and N200 parameters

5.3 Implementation of KPI Optimization

During the implementation of KPI optimization, you can adjust the radio configuration

parameters to enhance the service performance.

Before adjusting the radio configuration parameters, you need to perform the following

preparations:

l Make a detailed parameter adjustment plan with the following aspects included:

Adjustment objectives

Version of the network equipment and instructions

Adjustment procedures

Adjustment details (the parameter values before and after the adjustment should be

recorded)

Operation time

NOTE

Determine the operation time on the basis of the network security and the operation impacts on

the services. Generally, perform the adjustment at midnight (after 24:00) when the traffic volumeis low. Do not perform dynamic adjustment during peak hours.

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Troubleshooting

l Review the adjustment plan.

Review the adjustment plan of the parameters in large size and that are of a high security

level.

l Submit theApplication for Network Operation to the customer. The application should

include at least the following items:

Operation content

Operation purpose

Operation time

Whether the resources such as personnel, vehicles, and SIM cards should be prepared

by the customer

Abnormal results that might occur and their troubleshooting measures

Operation impacts on the services (impacts on traffic counters)

CAUTION

Back up the original data and record the date before every operation.

After the adjustment of the radio configuration parameters, perform the following checks:

l Back up the latest data file on the GBAM server and record the date.

l Verify that the BTSs and cells are operational after the adjustment. Conduct a dialing test

and ensure that the services are normal.

l Check the traffic measurement results such as the access success rate, congestion rate, call

drop rate, and handover rate. Troubleshoot in time to ensure normal operation of the

equipment.

l Record the adjustment and its effects for future check.





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6 Network AcceptanceAbout This Chapter

Network acceptance aims to make sure that the network performance meets the optimization

specifications. It involves the collection of traffic measurement data and drive test data, as well

as the evaluation of network quality and the presentation of network optimization.

If the optimized network performance meets the requirements, you can perform network

optimization acceptance.

l Acceptance of counters through drive test

You are advised to perform the drive test after all the drive test counters meet the

specifications within specific areas.

l Acceptance of performance counters

You are advised to perform the performance counter acceptance after all the performance

counters meet the specifications with reliable state.

6.1 Main Counters of Network Acceptance

The main counters of network acceptance consist of the drive test counters and the performance

measurement counters.

6.2 Contents of the Network Acceptance Report

The to-be-submitted reports consist of the acceptance report and optimization report. The

acceptance report is optional for existing networks.


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6.1 Main Counters of Network Acceptance

The main counters of network acceptance consist of the drive test counters and the performance

measurement counters.

6.1.1 Drive Test Counters

Drive test counters are obtained during drive tests along the predefined test route.

6.1.2 Performance Measurement Counters

The performance counters are obtained through traffic measurement.

6.1.1 Drive Test Counters

Drive test counters are obtained during drive tests along the predefined test route.

Table 6-1 Drive test counters of the GSM network

Counter Calculation Method

Call setup success rate (CS

services)

Call setup success rate (CS services) = number of put-

throughs/call requests x 100%

Call drop rate (CS services) Call drop rate (CS services) = call drops/number of

conversations x 100%

Coverage rate Coverage rate = samples with satisfactory signal level/total

samples x 100%

Speech quality l Method 1: speech quality level

l Method 2: Mean Opinion Score (MOS)

PDP activation success rate PDP activation success rate = PDP activation successes/total

activation attempts x 100%

GPRS attachment success

rate

GPRS attachment success rate = successful GPRS

attachments/total GPRS attachment attempts x 100%

Average attachment time Average attachment time = total successful attachment time/

successful attachments

PDP average activation time PDP average activation time = total successful PDP activation

time/successful PDP activations

WAP first page display

success rate

WAP first page display success rate = successful WAP first

page displays/WAP login attempts x 100%

WAP average first display

time

WAP average first display time = total successful WAP first

page display time/successful WAP first page displays

WAP download success rate WAP download success rate = successful WAP

downloadings/WAP download attempts x 100%

WAP downloading rate WAP downloading rate = successful downloading data input

(bytes)/successful downloading time (seconds)






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Counter Calculation Method

Call Establishment Success Rate Call Establishment Success Rate = Successful

Assignments/(SDCCH Seizures for Speech Service

+ Call Setup Indications (MOC Non SMS)

(TCHF) + Call Setup Indications (MTC) (TCHF) +

Call Setup Indications (Emergency Call) (TCHF) +

Call Setup Indications (Call Re-establishment)

(TCHF) + Call Setup Indications (MOC Non SMS)

(TCHH) + Call Setup Indications (MTC) (TCHH)

+ Call Setup Indications (Call Re-establishment)

(TCHH)) x 100%

Handover Success Rate Handover Success Rate = (Successful Internal Intra-

Cell Handovers + Successful Outgoing Internal

Inter-Cell Handover + Successful External

Outgoing Cell Handovers)/(Internal Intra-Cell

Handover Commands + Outgoing Internal Inter-

Cell Handover Commands + Outgoing External

Inter-Cell Handover Commands) x 100%

TCH Call Drop Rate (Including

Handover)

TCH Call Drop Rate (Including Handover) = Call

Drops on TCH/(Successful TCH Seizures (Signaling

Channel) + Successful TCH Seizures (Traffic

Channel) + Successful TCH Seizures in TCH

handovers (Traffic Channel)) x 100%

TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding

Handover)

TCH Call Drop Rate (Excluding Handover) = (Call

Drops on TCH - Call Drops on TCH in Stable State

(Release Indication))/Successful TCH Seizures(Traffic Channel)

Traffic Call Drop Rate Traffic Call Drop Rate = 60 x Traffic Volume on

TCH/Call Drops on TCH

6.2 Contents of the Network Acceptance Report

The to-be-submitted reports consist of the acceptance report and optimization report. The

acceptance report is optional for existing networks.

Acceptance Report

TheXXX Radio Network Acceptance Reporthas the following contents:

l Project background

l Networking modes

l Acceptance area division and KPI test route

l Acceptance counters (drive test counters and performance counters)

l Acceptance method

l Conclusion and suggestions






Issue 01 (2008-06-10)
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7Network Optimization ToolsAbout This Chapter

Network optimization tools are used for data collection, data analysis, and simulation analysis.

They help to simplify network optimization and improve efficiency in work. The network

optimization tools are Probe, TEMS, ANT pilot for GSM, Assistant, ANT for GSM, and Nastar.

7.1 Probe

Probe is a high-performance test tool used on the air interface in WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, and

GPRS. It is used for data collection and verification of radio network planning and optimization.

7.2 TEMS

TEMS is a test tool used for real-time diagnosis on the air interface.

7.3 ANT Pilot for GSM

ANT pilot for GSM is a generic term for the GSM900/DCS1800 radio parameter collector and

system software.

7.4 Assistant

Assistant is a professional background analysis tool. It supports the WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM,

and GPRS modes and is compatible with multiple formats of drive test data provided by the

leading manufacturers. The Assistant performs the functions such as uplink and downlink data

combination analysis, intelligent expert system, event simulation, displaying, statistics, filtering,

and reporting.

7.5 ANT for GSM

ANT for GSM analyzes the data collected by the ANT Pilot, automatically locates the problems

found during drive tests, and provides troubleshooting suggestions.

7.6 Nastar

Nastar performs comprehensive analysis on the performance data, configuration parameters,

and engineering parameters of the GSM BSS network. It provides multiple display modes used

for network planning, performance analysis, and geographical display.


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7.1 Probe

Probe is a high-performance test tool used on the air interface in WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, and

GPRS. It is used for data collection and verification of radio network planning and optimization.

The applications of the Probe are as follows:

l Test the network quality and radio parameters.

l Decode the messages on the air interface and display in real time the data, cells, and

geographical locations.

l Monitor, trace, and test the system status in real time

The Probe provides the following functions:

l Supports multi-mode tests in WCDMA, HSDPA, GSM, and GPRS

l Supports multiple CS and PS service tests

l Supports multi-MS tests

l Supports Scanner tests

l Supports indoor tests

l Supports the presetting of test plans

l Supports the judgment of predefined events

l Supports hardware alarms

l Supports filtering of the received data

l Supports automatic saving, exporting, and retrieving of the log

l Displays co-activated information

l Displays radio measurement parameters geographically in real time

l Adjusts the GPS location information dynamically and statically

l Displays and interprets the air interface messages

l Displays the RLC and APP throughput

l Displays customized parameters

l Supports GPS timing synchronization

7.2 TEMS

TEMS is a test tool used for real-time diagnosis on the air interface.

The TEMS monitors the speech channels as well as the data transfer of CSD/HSCSD and GPRS/

EDGE. It also measures the KPI of the PS network and evaluates operation performance of the

network.

The TEMS provides convenient and powerful drive test functions. It has the following features:

l The drive test supports four mobile phones at the same time. The test data and messages

are recorded in one file and you can have the information of one or all mobile phonesdisplayed.

7 Network Optimization Tools





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