BSS Hardware
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Transcript of BSS Hardware
PLANNING AND ENGINEERING PLANNING AND ENGINEERING NETWORK SERVICES DIVISIONNETWORK SERVICES DIVISION
BSS HARDWAREBSS HARDWAREBSS HARDWARE
1.1. To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from To familiarize with various network elements on BSS side ( from Mobile Station to Base Station Controller).Mobile Station to Base Station Controller).
2.2. To know the functions of each BSS network elements.To know the functions of each BSS network elements.
3.3. To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and To have an overview of antenna system setup for BTS and repeaters.repeaters.
OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE
BSS ElementsBSS Elements
1.1. Mobile Mobile SattionSattion
2.2. BTS ( Base BTS ( Base TranceiverTranceiver Station)Station)
-- Antenna system componentsAntenna system components
-- BTS setupBTS setup
-- Different types of BTSDifferent types of BTS
3.3. RepeatersRepeaters
-- Types and functionsTypes and functions
4.4. TCSM (TCSM (TranscoderTranscoder submultiplexersubmultiplexer))
-- hardware description, components & capacityhardware description, components & capacity
5.5. BSC (Base Station Controller)BSC (Base Station Controller)
-- hardware description, components & capacityhardware description, components & capacity
BSS Hardware outlineBSS Hardware outlineBSS Hardware outline
MobileStation
Air Interface
BaseTransceiver
StationA-bis
Interface
A Interface
Mobile Switching Center
Base StationController
Home LocationRegister
Gateway MSCVisitor
LocationRegister
NetworkManagement
Subsystem
Base Station SubsystemNetwork Switching
Subsystem
ShortMessageService Center
GSM NetworkGSM NetworkGSM Network
Repeaters
Air Interface
Mobile StationMobile StationMobile Station
• What is a mobile station?– A device able to access services in a GSM network
via the Air interface.
+ =
MobileEquipment
SubscriberIdentityModule Mobile
StationGSM
Network
AirInterface
MOBILE EQUIPMENTSMOBILE EQUIPMENTSMOBILE EQUIPMENTS
• 2G
• 2.5G
• 3G
Antenna and Cable setup for BTS with MHA - OUTDOOR
N O K IA
Antenna Port 7/16” (F)
Cable
Connector 7/16” (M)
Cable Clamp
Grounding Kit
Grounding Rod
Buss Bar
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)
EMP Protector7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)
Connector 7/16” (M)
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)
Mast Head Amplifier
7/16” (M)(out)
7/16” (F)(in)
Current Injector for MHA7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F) Power supply
for MHA
Note:
All BTS port (Ultrasite, Intratalk, Flexitalk & Citytalk) : 7/16” Female
All feeder connectors: 7/16” male
All jumper cables: ½” diameter with 7/16” Male - 7/16” Female connectors, 1.5 meter in length
BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SET-UPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SET--UPUP
Distributed Antenna System Set-up - INDOOR
NOKIA
Cou
pler
Cou
pler
Cou
pler
Spl
itter
Cou
pler
Cou
pler
Panel Antenna Port N (F)
Feeder
Radiating cable
Angle AdapterN (M) – N (M)
Power TerminatorN (F)
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m) N (M) – N (F)
Omni Antenna Port N ( F)
Level 1
Level 2
Ground floor
Insite
SMA (F)
½” Jumper Cable (1.5m)
SMA (M) – N (F)
Feeder connectorN (M)
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16”(M) – N (F)
Straight AdapterN (M) – N (M)
N (M)
N (M)N (F)
N (M)
N (M)N (M)
N (F)N (M)
N (F)
N (F)
N (F)
N (M)
N (F)
N (M)
N (M)
N (F)N (M)
N (M)
7/16” (M)
N (F)
N (M)
N (F)
N (M)
N (F)
N (M)
N (F)
Angle AdapterN (M) – N (F)
N O K I A
Metrosite
N (F)
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)Right angle N(M) to N (F)
Note:
All antenna, splitter & coupler ports: N Female
All feeder connectors: N male
BASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUPBASE TRANCEIVER STATION SETUP
Couplers
Splitters
DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS ANTENNA SYSTEM
ANTENNAANTENNAANTENNA
yagi
radiation pattern
Outdoor panel
Indoor omni
Indoor panel
MAST HEAD AMPLIFIERSMAST HEAD AMPLIFIERSMAST HEAD AMPLIFIERS• a.k.a TMA – tower mount amplifiers• A Low noise receiver amplifier used to improve the up-link sensitivity of the BTS.
Jumper
-
Antenna
TMA
Mainfeeder
DC supply
PDU
Building,shelter orcontainer
Outdoor
CIN
Advantages of TMA•Extended network coverage
•Remove up-link limitation•Improved Network Quality
•Fewer dropped calls•Higher call throughput•Satisfied subscribers
•Reduces MS output power•Longer battery life and less interference.
•Reduced infrastructure cost•Fewer sites
JUMPER CABLESJUMPER CABLESJUMPER CABLES
Jumper cables are flexible cables used to connect the feeder to the equipment without causing excessive strain on the equipment connector.
Cables - a transmission line where energy can pass through without considerable decrease on the energy
Cable Types - ½”, 7/8” and 1 & 5/8”cable
CABLES
Leaky Cables - a cable which has a leak where energy escapes out continuously
CABLES cont…..
Connectors
Connectors - device that joins two or more circuit
CONNECTORS
Clamps are used to fasten the feeder on the support structures. They fit for a variety of profiles and facilitate secure fastening without risk of damaging the cable.
CABLE CLAMPS
Grounding kits are used to ground the outer conductor of the feeder in order to protect the equipment from lightning strikes or any voltage peaks induced on the antennaline.
GROUNDING KITS
EMP is used to protect the equipment against lightning strikes or high voltages coming down the center conductor of the antennaline.
EMP / SURGE PROTECTOR
BUSS BAR
Buss Bar is made up of copper (good conductor of electricity) where grounding kits & EMP are connected before linking it to ground.
Directional Coupler - a device that couples a secondary system only to a wave traveling in a particular direction while completely ignoring the wave traveling into the opposite direction
COUPLERS
Directional Coupler Types – 6 , 10, 15 & 20 dB
6 dB 10 dB
15 dB 20 dB
COUPLERS cont….
Splitter/Divider - a device that has the capability to distribute one input signal to two or more output without introducing distortion to the signal.
SPLITTER
Splitter Types – 2 , 3, & 4 way
2 way
3 way
4 way
SPLITTER cont….
DETAILED COMPONENTS OF BTS HARDWARE
BTS General OverviewBTS General OverviewBTS General Overview
BTS Applications:BTS Applications:
•• Macro Macro –– ranges from 10 ranges from 10 –– 12 km12 km
•• Micro Micro –– ranges from 1 ranges from 1 –– 2 km2 km
•• Pico Pico –– indoor applicationindoor application
BTS Frequency Bands:BTS Frequency Bands:
•• 1800 MHz1800 MHz
•• 900 MHz900 MHz
•• maintain synchronisation to MSmaintain synchronisation to MS
•• RF signal processing ( combining, RF signal processing ( combining, filtering, couplingfiltering, coupling……))
•• diversity receptiondiversity reception
•• radio interface timingradio interface timing
•• detect access attempts of mobilesdetect access attempts of mobiles
•• dede--/ encryption on radio path/ encryption on radio path
•• channel dechannel de--/ coding & interleaving on / coding & interleaving on radio pathradio path
•• perform frequency hoppingperform frequency hopping
•• forward measurement data to BSCforward measurement data to BSC
Tasks of the BTSTasks of the BTSTasks of the BTS
•• Transmitter and receiver unitTransmitter and receiver unit
•• Frequency Hopping unitFrequency Hopping unit
•• RF combiners and filtersRF combiners and filters
•• Signal processing units, channel coding, Signal processing units, channel coding, demodulationdemodulation……
•• Alarm collecting units, clocks and timingAlarm collecting units, clocks and timing
•• OMU : remote operation and maintenanceOMU : remote operation and maintenance
•• transmission interfaces towards Atransmission interfaces towards A’’bis interfacebis interface
•• Power supply, heat exchangersPower supply, heat exchangers……
Main entities of a BTSMain entities of a BTSMain entities of a BTS
BTS FamilyBTS FamilyBTS Family
Talk FamilyTalk Family Site FamilySite Family
CitytalkCitytalk
Outdoor BTSOutdoor BTS
20 Watts20 Watts
6 TRX / cab6 TRX / cab
IntratalkIntratalk
Indoor BTSIndoor BTS
20 Watts20 Watts
6 TRX / cab6 TRX / cab
UltraSiteUltraSite
Indoor BTSIndoor BTS
20 Watts20 Watts
12 TRX / cab12 TRX / cab
MetroSiteMetroSite
Indoor/Outdoor BTSIndoor/Outdoor BTS
5 Watts5 Watts
4 TRX / cab4 TRX / cab
InSiteInSite
Indoor BTSIndoor BTS
160 mWatts160 mWatts
1 TRX1 TRX
FlexitalkFlexitalk
Indoor/Outdoor BTSIndoor/Outdoor BTS
20 Watts20 Watts
2 TRX / cab2 TRX / cab
BTS ElementsBTS ElementsBTS Elements
CitytalkCitytalk
IntratalkIntratalk
FlexitalkFlexitalk
REPEATERS
Repeater - an amplifier that processes weak signals and retransmits stronger signal without reshaping their waveform
REPEATERSREPEATERSREPEATERS
f1…fn
f1…fn
f1…fn
Overlap Coverage
Repeater Systems
BTS 900 onlyCoverage area
Band Selective (BSR)- Uses the band required only by the operator. Amplifies and retransmits signal/s from the donor using the same frequency/ies. Macro & Micro application.
Channel Selective (CSR)- Amplifies and retransmits only the channel or channels selected by the operator. Macro Application.
Frequency Translating/Shifting (FSR) -Amplifies and retransmits signal from the donor using a different frequency. More complex since it needs equipment both at the donor and mobile facing sites. Macro Application.
Repeater TypesRepeater TypesRepeater Types
Repeater Set-up –CSR and/or BSRRepeater SetRepeater Set--up up ––CSR and/or BSRCSR and/or BSR
Antenna Port 7/16” (F)
Feeder
Power splitter port
Grounding Kit
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16” (M) - 7/16” (F)
EMP Protector7/16”(M) - 7/16”(F)
Repeater port7/16” (F)
½” Jumper cable (1.5 m)7/16” (M) - 7/16” (F)
Antenna Port 7/16” (F)
Feeder connector7/16” (M)
Buss Bar
7/16” (F)7/16” (M) 7/16” (M)
HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?HOW DOES AN FSR WORK?
MOBILE
DONOR SITE
MOBILE
REMOTE SITE
BTSDonor Equipment
Remote Equipment
Link Antenna
F1
900MHz
coupler
F1’
850MHz
F1
900MHzF1
900MHz
WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?WHEN DO WE USE THE FSR?
UTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELLUTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELLUTILIZATION IMPROVEMENT OF A CELL
Highly Utilized Cell
(Wide Coverage)
Lowly Utilized Cell
(Highway Coverage)
ECHO Site
SEAMLESS COVERAGESEAMLESS COVERAGESEAMLESS COVERAGE
ECHO Site