Bsmycx-sIIantropo-logica.com/pdf/iochelson.pdf · 2009. 1. 30. · B0II.'IBKOM'1. eneps Talll'1 3-...
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Transcript of Bsmycx-sIIantropo-logica.com/pdf/iochelson.pdf · 2009. 1. 30. · B0II.'IBKOM'1. eneps Talll'1 3-...
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ITo MH'BHiIO, XOTH II IIpeyneJIH'IeHHoMy, TIOpKOJIOra Baariepa KoHCTaaTIlHO
IIOJIbCKiif OCMaHJIII JIerKO rrObleT1> HKyTa, He CMOTpH na CUlThHOe nriaai e apariCKaI'O asusa H11 Typen;Idn. 0'11 ,ZJ;pyron CTOpOHb( CChlJIbRhle rarapa 1I31> 3an a,ZJ;HOH
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npIIM'BCeit.
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BhIJJ;:nomiHCH, BrBKlI qyrb csomeaaaa, CTpOitHhIit CraH1> B B1> 06m;eM'L HarrOMIIHaeT1>
co6oit KlIprlla&. Y ,lI;pyraro rana JIIIIJ;O BMrBe·f1>. MOHrOJIbCKOe osepraaie, Pa.1prB3'1
xaoaecrs, '1UCJla on j a k a, H 'ITO OpH nOMO~H H3M'imeuiil COrJlaCUIiX'I>, ,l{ooyC&aeMhlX'I> Type~KO-TaTapCKBMU uapssiaIIH, j a k a TOlltlJ,eCTBeuuo C'I> CJlOBOM'Jo Ca x a, KOTOphlM'I> JIKyThIcau cc6n HaSblBaIOT'I> U soropoe B'I> crapaay OSHaqaJlO 'I e Jl 0 Bt K '1>, BMtcTO renepeuraarok i Ci. Bs CKaaKaX'I> B ntcUHX'I> 8RyThI eme rOBOpJlT'I> Ca x a-k i Ci (HKyn-1JeJIOBtK'I» BMtCTO'I e Jl 0 Bt K '1>. CJlOBOM'I> Ca x a H renepr, eme U8ShlBaeTCJl O~BUl> PO~'I> Ka'IHUCKBX'I> raraps.,u;peBuee aaaaaaie JiKyTcKaro rueaeaa 6h1JlO Y p a U r x a i, Teneps 5TBMl> BMeUeMl> aasuBaeTCJl 0)1,80 rarapcsoe DJleMJJ B'I> MonroJliH. Y 8KyTOB'I> ze eTO CJIOBO reneps oanasaers6 'Ii )I, 0 Bar 0 '1tJlOBtsa, 'I Yl1: a Ra U yooTpe6JlJIeTCH aaoraa BM. CJlOBa Ma 8 i K-rJlYDhlii, utaA.OB.lB8Wi-Bl> npeapareasaoas CllhlCJlt. (Ueber die Sprache der Jakuten von Otto Bothlingk, s. XXXIV. B. III. Dr. A. Th. v. Middendorff's Reise in den Aussersten Norden undOsten Sibiriens. St.-Petersburg 1851, U fOTOBHlQiAcH K'I> uesara JJSyTCKo-pyccsiA exosapsa. It. Ilesspeeare).
1) B.. U'liKOTOPHX'I> ntcUJlX'I> noerea, 'ITO aHm OHH (8KYThI) KOfAa-TO 8'1> TeUOB cr paas,y .0pJi, B'b 6oJlbIUOM'b Ha06uJliu, r,ll,t cue npHXO~UJIOCL TaR'I> Mep3uyTI, B MUOfO rpyanrsca,Baal> a~Cb.. Ha 6epery BaAKaJlLC&arO oaepa coxpaaaaaes exomaa es 8&yTCItBIIH aaaaaaiaMtCT'b tua.u~. AlU'a), sasia uaXO,ll,HM'I> TenepL TyTh. MapTh .tCJU~'I> DO 8liyTCKB .K Y H-
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.\00 OIl6R... .luruCU·', CTP. 100.
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naa rpasa JIKYTCKOit 061IaCTII no MorlIa a:l.M'hHIITh )J;ymlIcroll aeaen a crene ,
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eauo C060H YClIlIIIBaerCH CTenOHb oC'h,ll;JIOCTII, npII KOTOpOit nl:lfO,ll;Hto coaepsan.poraTI:.iIH CKOT'1, MOlIOqHI:.iIe npO,ll;yKTIiI noroparo aaqIlHaIOT'L nrpaTh r JIaBHYro pOIT h
Bl> IIIlTaHiII MaCCIiI, lIIlllIlIBIllCHCH MHCHt)a IIlIIIJ;lI nOClI'B yMOHhillOHiH Ta6yIlOnl> II CO
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anrona 3THXb CTPORb pycexie HIIJlmeROJILJ31CRaro npaa n o T'I;M'b JKe npUQUllaMb npoas.c .lo~MaTbDI'b :.tt.iLYlllROih. 0'1088;1,110 Y 3)1,:flUlHUXb 06UTaTOJICH nrrsuraie upaaaaxa )I,.'lJi II •
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' ) ( .1 t) B LI, 0 B 'h. Hcropasecxoo 0 003pt.Hie Onrinpn, ' I. I, CTp. 79.:) E y .:I U'l e Il b, llYTC.lllWCTRIC 00 BO CTO'lHOii Oariapa. Cot). ] f)6 r., lJ. I) B b llepX0811l'KOMb B !tOJII-HICKOMb oupy I axt, H reneps ItOHea 60 1Il
r a 0 KOTa. Flo 01"l'010-JlB, 'ITO rasn, 60"to npo,10.1mnTe,1 1>HLUI 3HMl.J '111 'h B IOJ5.HID~ o;IlU'"a 'h, 'ITO HC 6Jaronpi.llTHO ,'l.JIJI porararo CItOTa, a naceaeuio Ta~b 0'1 11> vb:aoe1wTI. ( u pa BAa 6 0.WTHCTLlX'h) OCTalOTCJl HOItOlllCHHhlJl1H aa KpaTK eTLlO ' KlijlOOlEU" "
0'IHX'b pya'b.
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1) C. M a a s s, BHJlm.A.cltiit onpyrs, JIKyT. 06JJ., tJ. III, CTp. 1212 II a MJl 'r R a a It II B & It a Hit. 06;[. aa 1863 r., CTp. 34.
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,lJ.IIM1> , lITO na HOBOll CypOBOH II XO.J!O,iI,HOH pO.n;IIHt , He 6y.n;ytIR npapo HbI 0 0 -
HIIKallIlI, HKyTIiI HO l\IorJIII y.me AOBOJIbCTBOBaTDCH OjI,HIIM1> n OJ"IY0ct ;r, .1II 1> CKOTO
BOACTBOM1> IT AJIH OOe3IIeqeHiH cnoero cymecruoaaaia .n;O.1JtHhl 61I1lH npn6'BrHYTh
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I1M'BBInett M'BCTO B'1 I01KHIiIX1> CTOrrHX'1. Ilpn n epnoirs CTOJIKHOBeHi Il pyecK X1> fI>
JlKyTaMlI 3B'BpHHIiIll rrpOMIiICeJI1> COCTaBJIHJI1> y.me r JIaBHOe 3aHHTie rrOC.l 'BAHHX1>.
RpOl\l'B roro HeOOJIbmaH tIaCTh HKyTOB1> OOpaTHJIaCh B1> 6P0,1I;JltInX1> OlICHOBO,iI,OB1>
a na RpallHeM1> C'BBep'B B1> BepXOHHCROM1> II, rlIanHI:il~1> oopa30J:J:1>, B1> EoauxCKOM'1 oRpyr'B-B1> 1KaJIKHX1> llXTiowarOB'1, OTlI<lCTII IIJIIl COBCt 11> JIIIIIIHBmIlXCH
CROTa. Ho He CMOTpH Ha B~t HeOJIarorrpiHTHIiIH -yc.lIOBiH cyuteer s ouania B1> CTO.1b
CypOBOtt, nOJIHpHOrr CTpaH'B, HKyT.bI OI:ilCTpO rrpHM'BHIIJIIICb R'b Hum H susaaamYAHBHTeJIhHYIO aCCIIMHJIian.ioHHyro CHJIy. Cnycranmae», ItaIt'1 noaararcrs , n OA'1 Ha
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cettcRoll ryoepHiII )];0 TattMllpCKilrO noryocrpoua, Hl1 IOr'1 lIepe3'1 OTaHOBOH XPC
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CMOTpR na )];allJIeHie na HHX'1 pyCCKIIX1>, na CIIJIhHYIO. CMOpTHOCTh .n;'BTCit nooriine
~ II na CMepTHOCTb B3POC.JlllX'1 OT'1 lJaCTllX1> 9IIII)];CMiit. lIo ncpenacu 1795 r. H'Lf
OO.JlaCTlI 6IiI.JIO 50,066 HRyTOB'b My.ilWCKarO nOJIa I), a QCPC3'1 67 JI'BT'1, 1:'1
1862 r., IIX'1 y.iKC OWIO ] 02,307 MY1KQHH'1 II 98, 725 .ilWH~llH'1 (201,032tIe.JI.) 2), a B'1 1891 1'o)];y IIX1> Y.iKe lJHCJIllTCR 115,768 MY1KQIlH'1 II 113,7 93xeH. [acero 229,561 QeJI.) 3). ECJIII K'1 9TOMy lJlICJIy npnoannTb JlRyTOB'1 IIpH
MOpCROit II AMypCKOit OOJIaCTCH, HpltyTCROH (RllpeHcKiH oRpy1'1» II EHIIceifclw it
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T" O no QU JJy C'b caMhIMDpaBHJI .....
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paaasaerca, HO HOnOJIhHO nO)J.)J.aeTCH ,n;'BitCTBiID 1I0Jl0B'BlIeCKarO CJlOBa, )J.a H can
npOCIITOJlb YB.leKaeTCH CBOHM'!> nCKyccTBOM'1 H ,n;OOHBaOTCH aasoaem esoero.He MeHte llCKyCHhl HKyTI:iI npa conepmeaia TOprOBhlX'1 C,n;'BJIOK'1, ns'1 xero
1IIOEHO BbIBOCTH 3aKJIIDlIeHie, lITO )J.tJIO 06MtHa HM'1 3HaKOMO C'1 ,n;aBHnX'b npelIleH'1, 3aMtqaTeJIbHO, lITO MepKaHTHJIbHI:iIH cnoc06HOCTH CnJIbHO paSBDTnI He TO.H.bKO
Y ToprOBI\OB'1 no npoeeeeia, HO H Y BCHKaro HKyTa. Y nero see npoaaerca, BCO
nOKynaeTCJI H HOlforo H'BT'1 aanfrrnaro, JIHIlIb 6nI nOJIYQHJlaC.b ,lJ.'BitCTBHTOJl.bHaJl
llJIH BOOOpaaaexaa BbIro)J.a. «KynH», «npo,n;aih, «M'BHJlitCH» -9TH MOBa lIalI(O
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TaR'1 H CO CBOHMH. ECJlH HKyT'b Hyz,n;aOTCH n'L RaKoit-HH6y,n;b nema, OH'1 0 Heit
eupoears BCHKaro nposasaro, Kor)J.a OHa ,n;aJKe HOCHTCH nOCJI'B,lJ.HHM'I. TOlIHO rasae. ,BCIlKla ll&yT'L CHRMeT'll co csoero mesa qaCTb KOCTlDMa, Kor,lJ.a nplIIDJIa HyJK;J;a,
soraa BOBllHRa C06JIa3HJIeT'1, HJlH RorAa B'1 KapTH npoarpaerca, H npe~IOUT'Lee Ban.
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- 135-
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003'D ucasaro Tpyp;a. 9roJly OOCTOJITeJIbCTBY, MOjKeT'D 6bITh, II CJI'B;r,yer'D npllIIll
CaTl> OTQaCTll yrrap;Olt'D reneps OOJIbillIlX'D C1£OTOllOp;QeCltIIX'D X03JIltCTB'D , TaK'D Kal''D
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esaro EO)IlIIICCapa Baanepa (BD I 7';5 r.), 6hI.1a nuopana pt "llKJ ~ Hrap • II -
TOI\'1 Boxunoro AHIDJI, r,rr,t 6LllIa nocrpoena AHrapCl\tlJI sptnocrna. Bncrnin OHa OLl..'Ia nepenecena na OCTIlOB'L Maxaro AHIDH II HaSBaEa 0 CT P0 RHO '
a o D'1 I S4:S r. paSJ IIB'L p1mll CHen "lIaCT£, OCTpOBa II spsnoers C'L Hp. a'IJlliol
nepene.m na lOB. HUiliC, aa 1li.IIBOnUCBLlll yrop'L .'ltBaro oepera _ . 4 HIDH. H3TO. '1 .ltCTt II r eneps npsnocn, CTOIIT'L II naaunaerca AH ID II C1\ 0 if. HO . t BNe anrean no rpannuiu rrIJO,;I;o,u.aIDT'L ee mrenonan, 0 CT P0 B H 0 H. aa H
XO,rr,UTCII B'L 250 BCpCTlIX'L OT'L HllaiHe-ItO.l1D1Clia na 080 OT'1 Hero.
Bt. IICpBoe npex a B'1 IiptnoCT UY n OChI,'a.1CH na npe. UI apxa ps a II~'L HHHO 3nallIITCJbHI:Jll OTpH,lI,'L IitlSaKOB'L, a Tencpr. eJlerO,l,HO KOJIaH.l,IIPYIOTCH na Hl
:Ira Fiy 4:-5 saaasom, nean a FiOllIIiIX'L C'L ynoTpeO.!IC'Hie:lI'L opyaiiH. B'L nep 0
IIO.'WHIIHt aroro CTO!ltTiH spsnocn, eme 611.1a nOCTOHHHO 06rrTaPMa Ht'ROTh '
C('3IeHCTRa11IJ. B1> IIX'L "lJIIC.lt OhIlI'L TIl 'IICR1li.lII:Jif tryIiOTCKiil nep('noAlIrrR'L II saaa
qir1 rOTHl ln'1; Tenep1 KptnocTua,- ospyz ea a aa orpa,rr,oll, IBItIOlI1:eil nrr;r,l.. r o
yrO.1I,HIlKa II C.101KeHBoli na nasaxr, IIS'L TOBKOCTBO.1l1HhIX'b ,1llCTBeHHH~1>. C'L a
illl'HRoil Ha;n noporaun, ¥." ~ \.·rr1Ko rr "lI;lCnnHeu, liilpap bHhIJI'L ,rr, O~IO , 1'1. .n;eCHTKOB'L
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OTR c1> rophI-.l'RTO:t!'L y6tlIOKIlBaC11tla IUy:lIOM'1 paanmmomaroca AHIDH. a :3 0
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na TJ S1XUBaen C1> ceoa CH'Br'1 II nocspccaert. IIo,rr,06HO lIIel,TRoi'i ~ap BH'B: Ht
n RlIyrpn: HeR f:iI\ IIBJCHHOe ,:r,nIIilieHie- Kpyr011'L KptrrocTIW pncsnnyrs .m6PO;r:SI. "lIIlX'1 1I.1(,.1 H'1 co CTlli'I.a~lll O.1('Hell, a B'I> OI]Ja ,lI, t llOd'BllI,ilIOT JI P e si
OTHH.III t3;l,UBIll'1 coGaK'I> II TOBapa MIJ ,lI, J JI o(iMtHa.
q TUUbl He 811i1TII I1 3'1 paaos's HaCTOHII~aro os epn...1. a He . r II 6Jar rpaa TI,CSI 001> acr opin 9TIIX'1 TOprOn1I:s:'L caomenia . na qa a
• T3Ra .1Im3.1JH 1> no c raameauo MeJ'l)I. p C fi R.HI It nna
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.1I1CIIl\'1 upnna: raercn TOT'1 n.m )l;pyroi1 :'!I'BX'b I). Ilpamu. nTn cyme TUOll 1ft
1 :'1 6 fl r., Kor)l;a 6a p. l\IailJI,C.lb B'1 Bll,J,t OITlITa )l.OnycTil.1'b BO.1LHYIO ropromC.l'tAY IO II ~i it 3a HIDI'1 llcnpaBlIlII('b B03CTaHOBII,1l1> ITpcatHi it ITOl H,lI,OR'b II npej.cra
Bll:TL npOCKT'1 HOBbIX'1 IIpaBII.1'1, lIO IIO 3aKJIIOQCHiIO MIIHllcTpa <p llHaHCOB'1 0 'b
27 anp. 1S75 I'.) nl)a BlI.1<1 8TlI OhI.111 OTKJIOHCHlI, RaK'1 cTtcHIlTe.'lhHhlH ;I.JH
llHOI)O)l;IJ;CB'1, n CD TtX'1 nop's IWJlbHlIii TOpI''1 60.1hIITe HC ua pynrare» . X apas
TCp'1 ToprOB.lII- OT'1 roro, QTO OHa CTn.1a Cn060)l.HOll, HC Iunl'ImII.1Cll II reneps . Alanpc;1,:\ICTOB'1 II3AaBHil 06paIWlIOlJl,IIXCR nn .lIP~IaPK'B ( I\a IiD iliCJ'£3HlIll 1I3,J,t.iIiH ,
Ta6aK'1 II AP.), ClJaBHIITClIbHOil emnnncn 06MtHa, 1\a1\'1 no rpamnin, Ta&'1 II
il)IH y.rr;06CTBa, nl)OA0,7IffiaCT'1 MyawTh .JIlIcIIu.a, - noo nonaria 0 u.tHaX'1 (T . e .
lIitHOBO:lI'b OTHOIIlCHiIl npc.rr;i\-ICTOB'1 liD .rr;CHLrallI'1), AeHeamlIX'1 3Ha1\aX'1 II n pea
CTa BJICHiH 00'1 nx'1 HaA06HOCTII lrYKIIII .rr;o CllX'1 nOI)'1 He mtltlOT'1~-T OJ1>l\ O HII
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KOTOpOII AJIll PYCCKIIX'1 HaEW31IBa.JIOC1 pam-me aarrpellf,eHlC)I'1 TopronaTb B'1 rese-
Hie 0AHOU IIJlII OO.JIbllIC npllrapOK'1. Ho IWf)l;<L .rr;tJIO ll)l;eT'1 0 HOBllmWX'1, TO llX'1
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raRCY, Ha6.uo,rr.3BIlIIIX'b HU 1IP)WpKt 3U ClI nanoxacaiesrs II napaaniaxr, aapymnrcaeil, r. C.
TtX'b, aoropue iJ.UBa.HI qYKqaMo aa MtXo 60JIbIlIC, qtM'b noxaraaocs DO raxcn. HanaaaaienpIIB0)l,UBIllCCCH Bo IICnO.1HCHic nO.'IIIl\cltClwll B.rraCTbIO, /l,OXO/l,II.'lO IIHOH paas ) ~O aanpemcaianpOBnHHBllle~Iyca roproaars na apaapas ua nceraa. 'I'opronue CTaplUIIHhl ncPC,1~o BhlXO;J,O~I1.
Db 0 TpODHyIO COCTaI1!IlI!lII caIen ~, ROTOPhlU nomncunarca aynuaan II ':_ l,C;~II rO BumllHIH
rsuiaua III ~ (npKKaJ.nnI,aMII).
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u nn.tj 1 Iroll'b JI ift H ill = 2 necuasrs aru 2 ~lOplItOllbmo KJlLlRU.U'h; 1 lIt .:rtSHblft ROBIll1> =1 n B:8 DB R OP.lKiOB. 'h peua it; 1 naJlbM:\ (Hc6oJILIUUll P raTIIH-) = T lIt • 1 H lIt
1 ; 'L JIll ~'b = 1 QcpHo6) POH JlBCH~t.; 4 apao. HC. 1 = OO{lPYR a _ Jl qliI = 1 C"J B iJ.YUlKt II.rrH 1 BLl1I,pt; 1 !tpa H' H' I
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TOHaphI n'1 I'uanry, OTKy,lI,il A Ha ,lI,hIpcKio ropronua ,lI,OCTaBJIHIOT1> HX1> B'I>
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IcptnoCTb . Pam.me llX11 ClJIlTaJIII na HPl\IalJId> COTHHlIIH, a B1> n oc t Hie
ejI,IlHH-n.alllII, nprrXO,lI)IIIJ,IIlIIH llCKJIIOqJITOJIbHO pajI,II sepnaecra1'0 TauaKy1 &p1mo I>
KOTopaI'O TOpHOTCH 0'1''1 1I1OpCIWit nepenoasn. Paasme 060POT1> HpMap&H BhIplWlWL.!K01I
B'I> COTHnX'I> ThTClllJ1> , a TOnepI> He npe8JiIDIaeT'I> 25.000 py6. ,II;opori
nOlJTH OTCyTCTByIOT1> na JIpMapKrh, II OHa n OTepHJIa snaneaie 3a r pa nHlJHa r O Jhl'
coxpa a nm, JIUffib xapaKTep'1 IlHyTpenrIllro 06Mtna C'1 OJIOHnbIl\III lJyRlJa nIH, ;la. T
II jI,pyr HMII 6P0jI,JI lJIIMU anopomaaa ospyra.Oopantanes OTI JITI> Ii1> lJYKlJaM1> Eoauncaaro oxpy r a, Ha jI,O eI\3.SaTb, q ,
He CMOTpa na TO , liTO lJaCTI> II31> HIIX1) CqIITaeTCJI PYCCKIIl\1II nOjI, jI,ilHHbIMH , Ji. I13HI,
llX'1 na TyHjI,I)'H TOlJCT'1 003'1 ncaxaro Hl\rhIIJaTCJ1I>CTna pyCCKIIX1> BlIaCTeM II 6hTT'I>
II X'1 lIIa JIO I13r.tCTCll'1 . B'1 06IJ~Ol\1'1 lfyltlJ II II TOrrOpl> COXpaHII.'m CRO ll xapasrepaualJCPTlI. OIm I'0PjI,bT1 lJnaHJIIIBlI, jI,ep3IW, 6C3CTpaIllilhl, I\ICTIITe.llbHbI II EeCTOKH, XO'PH
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