BSC6900 Boards

FUNCTION CARD IN BCMV01 (BSC6000) August 22, 2013

Phoeung Rim BSS Team Leader 1



BSC6900 Board 1. XPUa (RGCP) (GCP) : GSM eXtensible Processing Unit for Main service

2.

Loaded with different software, the XPUa board is functionally divided into main control XPUa board and non-main control XPUa board.

The main control XPUa board is used to manage the GSM user plane resources, control plane resources, and transmission resources in the

system and process the GSM services on the control plane. The non-main control XPUa board is used to process the GSM services on the

control plane.

NOTE: Run the ADD BRD command to configure the logic function type of an XPUa board:

If Logical function type is set to RGCP, the XPUa board serves as a main control XPUa board. If Logical function type is set to GCP, the XPUa board serves as a non-main control XPUa board.

Main Control XPUa Board The main control XPUa board has four logical subsystems.

Subsystem 0 of the main control XPUa board is the Main Processing Unit (MPU). It is used to manage the user plane resources, control plane

resources, and transmission resources of the system. The functions are described as follows: Managing the user plane resources; managing the load sharing of the user plane resources between subracks Maintaining the load of the control plane within the subrack; exchanging the load information on the control planes between subracks Providing functions such as the logical main control function of the BSC6900, the IMSI-RNTI maintenance and query, and the IMSI-CNid

maintenance and query Forwarding the RRC connection request message to implement the sharing of user plane resources and sharing of control plane resources in the

BSC6900

Subsystems 1 to 3 of the main control XPUa board belong to the CPU for Service (CPUS), which is used to process the services on the

control plane. The functions are described as follows: Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections Processing RFN signaling



Non-Main Control XPUa Board The non-main control XPUa board has four logical subsystems. The four subsystems of the non-main control XPUa board belong to the CPUS, which is used to process the services on the control

plane. The functions are described as follows: Processing upper-layer signaling over the A, Um, Abis, and Ater interfaces Processing transport layer signaling Allocating and managing the various resources that are necessary for service setup, and establishing signaling and service connections

Processing RFN signaling

3. TNUa (TDM_Switching): GSM TDM switching Network Unit 4.

Note: TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

time-division multiplexing. Technique in which information from multiple channels can be allocated bandwidth on a single wire based

on preassigned time slots. Bandwidth is allocated to each channel regardless of whether the station has data to transmit. TNUa refers to TDM switching Network Unit REV:a. The TNUa board is optional. In a BSC6900 using the Abis over IP and A over IP mode, the TNUa boards do not need to be configured. In a BSC6900 using other modes, one or two TNUa boards can be configured in slots 4 and 5 of the MPS, EPS, and TCS.

The TNUa board provides the TDM switching and serves as the switching center for the CS services of the entire system. The TNUa board performs the following functions:

Provides 128K x 128K time slots TDM switching

Allocates the TDM network resources



5. SCUa (MAC Switching): GSM Switching and Control Unit

Note: MAC: Media Access Control

Media Access Control is the lower of the two sublayers of the Data Link Layer. In general terms, MAC handles access to a shared

medium, and can be found within many different technologies. For example, MAC methodologies are employed within Ethernet,

GPRS, and UMTS etc.

SCUa refers to GE Switching network and Control Unit REV:a. The SCUa board is mandatory. Two SCUa boards must be installed in slots 6 and 7 in

the MPS/EPS/TCS

The SCUa board provides the maintenance management and GE switching platform for the subrack in which it is located. Thus, the

BSC6900 internal MAC switching is implemented and the internal switching in turn enables complete connection between modules of the

BSC6900.

The SCUa board performs the following functions: Provides the maintenance management function



Provides configuration and maintenance of a subrack or of the entire BSC6900

Monitors the power supply, fans, and environment of the cabinet

Supports the port trunking function

Supports the active/standby switchover

Enables inter-subrack connections

Provides a total switching capacity of 60 Gbit/s

Distributes clock signals and RFN signals for the BSC6900

6. DPUd (GPCU): GSM Data Processing Unit for PS service

DPUd refers to Data Processing Unit REV:d. 2 to 17 DPUd boards can be installed in BSC6900. For the MPS, the DPUd board can be installed in slots 0 to 3, slots 8 to 11, and slots 14 to 23. For the EPS, the DPUd board can be installed in slots 0 to 3, slots 8 to 27.

NOTE:

If the OMUa/OMUb boards are not installed in slots 24 to 27 of the MPS, the DPUd boards can be installed in slots 24 to 27 of the

MPS.

If the OMUc boards are not installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS, the DPUd boards can be installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS.

The DPUd board processes GSM PS services. The DPUd board has 22 logical subsystems. The DPUd board performs the following functions:

Processes the PS services on up to 1,024 simultaneously active PDCHs where signals are coded in MCS9

Processes packet links

Detects packet faults automatically



7. GCUa (Clock): GSM General Clock Unit

GCUa refers to General Clock Unit REV:a. GCGa refers to General Clock Unit with GPS REV:a. The GCUa/GCGa board is mandatory. Two GCUa/GCGa boards must be installed in slots 12 and 13 in the MPS.

The GCUa/GCGa board performs the clock function. The GCUa/GCGa board performs the following functions:

Extracts timing signals from the external synchronization timing port and from the synchronization line signals, processes the

timing signals, and provides the timing signals and the reference clock for the entire system

Performs the fast pull-in and holdover functions on the system clock

Generates RFN signals for the system

Supports active/standby switchover. The standby GCUa/GCGa board traces the clock phase of the active GCUa/GCGa board. This

ensures the smooth output of the clock phase in the case of active/standby switchover.



Receives and processes the clock signals and the positioning information from the GPS card. (Only the GCGa board supports this

function.)

8. PEUa (FR): GSM E1/T1 High level Data Link Control Unit for aBis

Note: RF: Frame Relay

Frame relay, also found written as frame-relay, is an efficient data transmission technique used to send digital information quickly and

cheaply to one or many destinations from one or many end-points. Commonly implemented for voice and data as an encapsulate.

PEUa refers to 32-port Packet over E1/T1/J1 interface Unit REV:a. The PEUa board is optional. It can be installed either in the MPS or in the

EPS. The number of PEUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the PEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to

23. For the EPS, the PEUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27.

NOTE:

If the OMUa/OMUb boards are not installed in slots 24 to 27 of the MPS, the PEUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 27 of the

MPS.

If the OMUc boards are not installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS, the PEUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS.

As an interface board, the PEUa board supports E1/T1 transmission. The PEUa board performs the following functions:

Provides 32 channels of IP over PPP/MLPPP over E1/T1

Provides 128 PPP links or 32 MLPPP groups, each MLPPP group containing 8 MLPPP links

Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby PEUa boards

Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 channels of E1s/T1s. The E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbit/s; the T1 transmission

rate is 1.544 Mbit/s.

Supports the Abis, Gb, A, and Iub interfaces



9. OIUa (ATER, A-TDM): GSM Optic Interface Unit for aBis, GSM Optic Interface Unit for Pb, GSM Optic Interface Unit for aTe, GSM Optic Interface Unit for A

OIUa refers to 1-port channelized Optical STM-1 Interface Unit REV:a. The OIUa board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS/EPS/TCS.

The number of OIUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the OIUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 23. For

the EPS/TCS, the EIUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27.

NOTE:

If the OMUa/OMUb boards are not installed in slots 24 to 27 of the MPS, the OIUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 27 of the

MPS.

If the OMUc boards are not installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS, the OIUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS.

The OIUa board provides STM-1 transmission over the A, Abis, Ater, and Pb interfaces. The OIUa board performs the following functions:

Provides one STM-1 port for TDM transmission

Provides the Automatic Protection Switching (APS) function between the active and standby OIUa boards

Provides one channelized STM-1 with the transmission rate of 155.52 Mbit/s

Processes signals according to the LAPD protocol

Processes signals according to the SS7 MTP2 protocol

Provides the OM links when the TCS is configured on the MSC side

Supports the A, Abis, Ater, and Pb interfaces



10. EIUa (ABIS): GSM E1/T1 Interface Unit for aBis, GSM E1/T1 Interface Unit for Pb, GSM E1/T1 Interface Unit for aTe, GSM E1/T1 Interface Unit for A

EIUa refers to 32-port E1/T1 circuit Interface Unit REV:a. The EIUa board is optional. It can be installed in the MPS/EPS/TCS. The number

of EIUa boards to be installed depends on site requirements. For the MPS, the EIUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 23. For the EPS or

TCS, the EIUa board can be installed in slots 14 to 27.

NOTE:

If the OMUa/OMUb boards are not installed in slots 24 to 27 of the MPS, the EIUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 27 of the

MPS.

If the OMUc boards are not installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS, the EIUa boards can be installed in slots 24 to 25 of the MPS.

The EIUa board provides E1/T1 transmission for the BSC6900. The EIUa board performs the following functions:

Provides four E1/T1 electrical ports for TDM transmission

Transmits, receives, encodes, and decodes 32 E1s/T1s. The E1 transmission rate is 2.048 Mbit/s; the T1 transmission rate is 1.544

Mbit/s

Processes signals according to the LAPD protocol

Processes signals according to the SS7 MTP2 protocol

Provides the Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) function between the active and standby EIUa boards

Provides the OM links when the TCS is configured on the MSC side

Supports the A, Abis, Ater, and Pb interfaces



11. OMUb/OMUb (OAM): GSM Operation and Maintenance Unit

OMUa is short for Operation and Maintenance Unit REV:a. OMUb refers to Operation and Maintenance Unit REV:b. One or two

OMUa/OMUb boards must be configured in the BSC6900. One OMUa/OMUb board occupies two slots. The board can be installed in slots 0

to 5, slots 20 to 23, or slots 24 to 27 in the MPS at the bottom of the MPR (Main Processing Rack). It is recommended that the OMUa/OMUb

board be installed in slots 20 to 23 for inventory sites and in slots 24 to 27 for new sites.



NOTE:

This document describes the installation of other boards based on the OMUa/OMUb boards being installed in slots 24 to 27.

Different types of OMU boards can be configured in active and standby slots only for a short period. When an OMUc board is used to

replace an OMUa/OMUb board, the OMUc board and the OMUa/OMUb board can be inserted into the slots and co-exist for a short

period (less than one hour), so that data can be synchronized from the OMUa/OMUb board to the OMUc board.

Different types of OMU boards cannot be configured in active and standby slots for a long period. In scenarios of long-term operation,

the active and standby OMU boards must be of the same type. For example, both active and standby OMU boards must be OMUa

boards or OMUc boards.

The OMUa/OMUb board connects the LMT/M2000 and the other boards in the BSC6900. The functions of the OMUa/OMUb board are as follows:

Performs the configuration management, performance management, fault management, security management, and loading

management functions for the system

Enables LMT or M2000 users to perform operation and maintenance on the BSC6900 system to control the communication

between the LMT or M2000 and the SCUa board of the BSC6900

12. DPUa (GTC. GPUC): GSM Data Processing Unit for CS service

DPUa refers to Data Processing Unit REV:a. 2 to 33 DPUa boards can be installed in BSC6900. When E1/T1 interface boards are installed in the TCS, the DPUa boards are installed in slots 9 to 13. When STM-1 interface boards are installed in the TCS, the DPUa boards are installed in slots 1 to 3 and slots 8 to 13.

The DPUa board processes GSM voice services. The DPUa board has 22 logical subsystems. The DPUa board performs the following functions:

Encodes and decodes voice services

Provides data service rate adaptation

Provides the Tandem Free Operation (TFO) function



Note: TFO: Tandem Free Operation

Tandem Free Operation is the configuration of a connection with two transcoders that support the TFO protocol and whose external

coding schemes are compatible, thus enabling compressed speech to pass between them.

When the calling MS and the called MS use the same voice coding scheme, the voice signals are encoded only once at the calling MS

side and decoded only once at the called MS side. This avoids repeated encoding and decoding and improves the quality of voice

services.

Provides the voice enhancement function

Detects voice faults automatically

Outside Knowledge:

LAPD (Link Access Procedure D-Channel)

LAPD is the protocol used on ISDN's (Integrated Services Digital Network) D channel. Call setup and other signaling takes place on the D channel. Data transmissions take place on B channels. LAPD is the ITU Q.921 protocol.

D channel (delta channel) is a telecommunications term which refers to the ISDN channel in which the control and signalling information is

carried.

The bit rate of the D channel of a basic rate interface is 16 kbit/s, whereas it amounts to 64 kbit/s on a primary rate interface.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data,

and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT

red book.[1]

Prior to ISDN, the telephone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The

key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone

system. There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI),

Narrowband ISDN (N-ISDN), and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).

ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital

transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can

provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64

kilobit/s. A major market application for ISDN in some countries is Internet access, where ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s

in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of three or four

BRIs (six to eight 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.



ISDN should not be mistaken for its use with a specific protocol, such as Q.931 whereby ISDN is employed as the network, data-link and

physical layers in the context of the OSI model. In a broad sense ISDN can be considered a suite of digital services existing on layers 1, 2, and

3 of the OSI model. ISDN is designed to provide access to voice and data services simultaneously.

However, common use reduced ISDN to be limited to Q.931 and related protocols, which are a set of protocols for establishing and breaking

circuit switched connections, and for advanced calling features for the user. They were introduced in 1986.[2]

In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems

and group (room) videoconferencing systems.

Transmission and Networking on the A/Gb Interface

Multiple transmission and networking modes, including TDM-based networking on the A/Gb interface and IP-based networking on the A/Gb

interface, can be adopted between the BSC6900 and the core network (CN).

1. TDM-Based Networking on the A/Gb Interface

In TDM-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the MSC/MGW/SGSN communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network.

Networking on the A Interface

In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the MSC/MGW communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network. The

EIUa/OIUa/POUc of the BSC6900 functions as the A interface board. The EIUa board provides E1/T1 ports, the OIUa board provides

channelized STM-1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports.

The following describes the networking modes on the A interface in different TCS configuration modes:

Figure 1 shows the networking on the A interface in local TCS mode. Figure 2 shows the networking on the A interface in remote TCS mode.



Figure 1 TDM-based networking on the A interface in local TCS mode

Figure 2 TDM-based networking on the A interface in remote TCS mode

Networking on the Gb Interface

In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the SGSN communicate with each other through the FR network. The PEUa/POUc board of the

BSC6900 functions as the Gb interface board. The PEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports

and OC-3 ports.

Figure 3 shows the networking on the Gb interface.

Figure 3 TDM-based networking on the Gb interface

Features of Networking Modes

Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission

network resources.



Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode.

2. IP-Based Networking on the A/Gb Interface

In IP-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the MSC/MGW/SGSN communicate with each other through the IP network.

IP over E1 Networking

In this networking mode, the PEUa/POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the A interface board. The PEUa board provides E1/T1 ports,

and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. Figure 1 shows the IP over E1 networking on the A interface. The

Gb interface does not support the IP over E1 networking mode.

Figure 1 IP over E1 networking on the A interface

IP over Ethernet Networking

In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the CN communicate with each other through the IP network. The FG2a/FG2c/FG2d board

functions as the A/Gb interface board and provides FE/GE electrical ports. The GOUa/GOUc/GOUd board functions as the A interface board

and provides GE optical ports. The GOUc board functions as the Gb interface board and provides GE optical ports. See Figure 2.



Figure 2 IP over Ethernet networking on the A/Gb interface


These networking modes provide large-capacity bandwidth on the A/Gb interface, thus reducing the CAPEX and OPEX.

Transmission and Networking on the Abis Interface

Multiple transmission and networking modes, including TDM-based networking on the Abis interface, and IP-based networking on the Abis

interface, can be adopted between the BSC6900 and the base station.

1. TDM-Based Networking on the Abis Interface

In TDM-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network, and TDM

transmission is applied to the Abis interface.



TDM-Based Networking

In this networking mode, the EIUa/OIUa/POUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the Abis interface board. The EIUa board provides E1/T1

ports, the OIUa board provides channelized STM-1 ports, and the POUc board provides channelized STM-1 ports and OC-3 ports. Figure 1

shows the TDM-based networking on the Abis interface.

Figure 1 TDM-based networking on the Abis interface


Advantages: The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable. Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission

network resources.

Disadvantages: The cost of the TDM networking mode is higher than that of the IP networking mode.

2. IP-Based Networking on the Abis Interface

In IP-based networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP/SDH/PDH network, and layer 3

of the protocol stack for the Abis interface uses the IP protocol.


In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the SDH/PDH network. The PEUa/POUc

board functions as the Abis interface board. The PEUa board provides E1/T1 ports, and the POUc board provides STM-1 ports and OC-3

ports. See Figure 1.



Figure 1 IP over E1 Networking

IP over Ethernet Networking (Layer 2)

In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP network, and the data transmitted

between them is processed by the switch according to the data link layer protocol. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc board of the BSC6900

functions as the Abis interface board and provides FE/GE ports. Figure 2 shows the IP over Ethernet networking (layer 2).

Figure 2 IP over Ethernet networking (layer 2)

IP over Ethernet Networking (Layer 3)

In this networking mode, the BSC6900 and the base station communicate with each other through the IP network, and the data transmitted

between them is processed by the router according to the IP protocol. The FG2a/GOUa/FG2c/GOUc board of the BSC6900 functions as the

Abis interface board and provides FE/GE ports. Figure 3 shows the IP over Ethernet networking (layer 3).



Figure 3 IP over Ethernet networking (layer 3)


Advantages:

IP over E1 Networking o Telecom operators can make full use of the SDH/PDH transmission network resources. o The networking is mature, QoS-assured, safe, and reliable.

IP over Ethernet Networking o The base station provides large-capacity bandwidth through FE/GE ports, thus facilitating the upgrade and capacity expansion. o The transmission network supports the evolution from the GSM TDM network to the IP network.

Disadvantages:


This networking mode does not meet the requirements of the evolution from the telecom network to the IP network.

IP over Ethernet Networking

The QoS of the network cannot be guaranteed easily. Therefore, the end-to-end QoS mechanism must be adopted.



Mobile Country Code (MCC)

The Mobile Country Code is a three digit number uniquely identifying a given country. It is utilized within the IMSI (International

Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI (Location Area Identity).

Mobile Network Code (MNC)

The Mobile Network Code is either a two or three digit number used to uniquely identify a given network from within a specified

country (MCC (Mobile Country Code)). The MNC is used as part of the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) and LAI

(Location Area Identity) etc.

Mobile Station International ISDN Number (MSISDN)

The number consists of Country Code (CC) and National (significant) mobile number which consists of National Destination Code

(NDC) and Subscriber Number (SN)

Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

A sophisticated telephone exchange which provides circuit-switched calling, mobility management, and GSM services to the mobile

phones roaming within the area that it serves. This means voice, data and fax services, as well as SMS and call divert.

Main Processing Unit (MPU)

It is used to manage the user plane resources, control plane resources, and transmission resources of the system.

Service Area (SA)

A Service Area consists of one or more cells within a given LA (Location Area) and may be used to assist in the delivery of location

based services.

Service Area Identifier (SAI)

The Service Area Identifier is used to identify an area consisting of one or more cells belonging to the same LA (Location Area). Such

an area is called a Service Area and can be used for indicating the location of a UE (User Equipment) to the CN (Core Network). The

SAC (Service Area Code) together with the PLMN-Id (Public Land Mobile Network Identifier) and the LAC (Location Area Code)

will constitute the Service Area Identifier. SAI = PLMN-Id + LAC + SAC.

Serving GPRS Support Node

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) performs mobility and data session management for GPRS mobiles. In addition, the SGSN

performs ciphering and compression of the data transmitted and the routing of IP Packets.

Signaling ATM Adaptation Layer

In ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode), the "SAAL (ATM Adaptation Layer for Signalling)" provides reliable transport of signalling

messages between peer entities. These signalling messages are carried over a PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit).

Signaling Connection Control Part



The primary function of Signaling Connection Control Part is to provide a means for the transfer of messages between any two

signaling points in the same or different SS7 networks.

Single Radio Access Network

Huawei SingleRAN is multi-mode convergent evolutional solution of radio access network, realizing the equipment convergence, site

sharing and unified operation. For equipment convergence, it contains the convergences of Base Stations (BTS3900) and Base Station

Controllers (BSC6900). Site sharing includes co-transmission and co- auxiliary facilities. Unified operation includes co-RRM(Radio

resource management), co-TRM(Transmission resource management), co-RNP/RNO(Radio network planning and optimization) and

co-OAM(Operation and management). Also SingleRAN solution brings big values to operators from three parts: One network ensures

long-term viability; One deployment brings maximized TCO savings; One team translates into optimized human resources.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

The SDH is a hierarchical set of digital transport structures, standardized for the transport of suitably adapted payloads over physical

transmission networks.

Bandwidth The range of frequencies a circuit will respond to or pass through. It may also be the difference between the highest and lowest

frequencies of a signal.

Base Station Subsystem Application Part

The protocol employed across the A interface in the GSM system. It is used to transport MM (Mobility Management) and CM

(Connection Management) information to and from the MSC (Mobile Switching Centre).The BSS Application Part (BSSAP) is split

into two sub application parts, these are: the BSS Management Application Part (BSSMAP) and the Direct Transfer Application Part

(DTAP).

Base Station Subsystem GPRS Protocol

The Base Station System GPRS Protocol is supported across the Gb interface, its primary functions include: 1. the provision by an

SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) to a BSS (Base Station Subsystem) of radio related information used by the RLC (Radio Link

Control) and MAC (Medium Access Control) function. 2.the provision by a BSS to an SGSN of radio related information derived

from the RLC/MAC function. 3.the provision of functionality to enable two physically distinct nodes, an SGSN and a BSS, to operate

node management control functions.

Base Transceiver Station

A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic and signaling across the air interface. The

BTS includes the baseband processing, radio equipment, and the antenna.

Bootstrap Protocol

Bootstrap Protocol is a TCP/IP protocol that enables a network device to discover certain startup information, such as its IP address.

Broadcast Control Channel



This downlink channel contains specific parameters needed by a mobile in order that it can identify the network and gain access to it.

Typical information includes the LAC (Location Area Code) and RAC (Routing Area Code), the MNC (Mobile Network Code) and

BA (BCCH Allocation) list.

Broadcast/Multicast Control

In the UMTS system, this protocol adapts broadcast and multicast services on the radio interface.

Building Integrated Timing Supply System

In the situation of multiple synchronous nodes or communication devices, one can use a device to set up a clock system on the hinge

of telecom network to connect the synchronous network as a whole, and provide satisfactory synchronous base signals to the building

integrated device. This device is called BITS.

Cell

In a cellular system, sub-area to which a set of radio resources not usable in adjacent sub-areas is allocated.

Cell tracing

The cell tracing is used to measure the following two types of messages: common signaling messages on the interface of one or more

specified cells and customized messages that contain information about UEs in the cells.

Center Processing Unit

The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor or central processor, the CPU is where most

calculations take place.

CN

Core Network

Command Script

A command script is a text file. It records a batch of MML commands for a single NE or multiple NEs of the same type. You can

execute multiple MML commands by executing a command script.

Common Control Channel

A CCCH is a point-to-multipoint bidirectional control channel. A CCCH is primarily intended to carry signalling information

necessary for access management functions.

Connection-oriented service

The transport of packets of information from one network node to a destination node following an established network connection.

CPU for Service

It is used to process the services on the control plane.

Destination Signaling Point

One of a set of destination signalling point polled by the signalling point, the set corresponding to those destination signalling points in

the network where congestion is likely to occur.



Drift

An effect caused at a signalling terminal when the two signalling channels in opposite directions in the same signalling link are not

synchronized to each other, and in which there is not a one-to-one correspondence between transmitted and received signal units over

a long period; additionally, where signal units are assembled into blocks, there is not a one-to-one correspondence between transmitted

and received blocks.

Dual OMU Servers Mode

The OMU has two servers. One OMU server works in active mode and the other works in standby mode. When the active OMU

server breaks down because of any hardware fault or irrecoverable software fault, the standby OMU server is switched over to work in

active mode and resumes the functions.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client-server networking protocol. A DHCP server provides configuration

parameters specific to the DHCP client host requesting, generally, information required by the host to participate on the Internet

network. DHCP also provides a mechanism for allocation of IP addresses to hosts.

General Packet Radio Service

GPRS is defined by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) and is employed to connect mobile cellular users to PDN (Public

Data Network). Within the GSM network it shares the network databases and radio access network and employees functions known as

the PCU (Packet Control Unit), SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) and GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node) to provide packet

switching data services across the fixed and radio network.

Global Positioning System

A satellite-based global navigation system that consists of a constellation of 24 satellites in orbit 11,000 nmi above the Earth, several

on-station (i.e., in-orbit) spares, and a ground-based control segment.

Global System for Mobile communications

A second generation digital cellular telecommunication system which was first planned in the early 1980s

GSM Control Plane Service Processing Board

GSM control plane service processing board. It consists of the SPUa, SPUb, XPUa, and XPUb boards which are logically configured

as the GCP, RGCP, or MCP.

GSM Control Plane Service Processing Subsystem

GSM control plane service processing subsystem. It consists of the subsystems whose logical function is GCP or MCP on the SPUa,

SPUb, XPUa, and XPUb boards and the non-zero subsystems whose logical function is RGCP on the SPUa, SPUb, XPUa, and XPUb

boards.

High Speed Downlink Packet Access



A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement for asymmetric uplink and downlink

transmission of data services. It enables the maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the WCDMA

network topology.

High-Level Data Link Control A Link-Level protocol used to facilitate reliable point-to-point transmission of a data packet.

HS-DSCH

High Speed Downlink Shared Channel

Local Area Network

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network covering a local area, like a home, office or small group of buildings such as a

college.

Local Maintenance Terminal

The abbreviation of Local Maintenance Terminal. The LMT is a logical concept. The LMT connects to the external BSC6900 network

and provides the GUI for the OM of the BSC6900. In the BSC6900 OM subsystem, the LMT is the terminal for operators to perform

the OM.

Location Area

A Location Area (LA) is an area defined in the Core Network (CN).

Location Area Code

The Location Area Code uniquely identifies a LA (Location Area) within a PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network). It may range from

0 to 65,535.

Location Area Identity

The Location Area Identity uniquely identifies a LA (Location Area) within any PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network). It is

comprised of the MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code) and the LAC (Location Area Code).

Loopback

A method of performing transmission tests of access lines from the serving switching center, which method usually does not require

the assistance of personnel at the served terminal.

MTP3 User Adaption Layer

The MTP3 User Adaptation Layer provides the equivalent set of primitives at its upper layer to the MTP3 users as provided by the

MTP Level 3. In this way, the ISUP (ISDN User Part) and/or SCCP (Signalling Connection Control Part) layer is unaware that the

expected MTP3 services are offered remotely and not by a local MTP3 layer. In effect, the M3UA extends access to the MTP3 layer

services to a remote IP based application. The M3UA does not itself provide the MTP3 services

Multi-link PPP

A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line, doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.

Multiple Input Multiple Output



MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) is an antenna technology for wireless communications in which multiple antennas are used at

both the source (transmitter) and the destination (receiver).

Multiplex Section Protection

The function performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and including two MST functions, from a "working" to a

"protection" channel.

Operation and Maintenance Link

It transfers operation and maintenance information between the BSC and the Base station.

Operation and Maintenance Unit

In the OM subsystem, it works as a bridge between the Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) and the Front Administration Module

(FAM).

Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor

Orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) is an implementation of Code division multiple access (CDMA) where before each

signal is transmitted, the spectrum is spread through the use of a user's code.

OS tracing

OS tracing is used to trace the messages inside the Operating System (OS).

Packet Control Unit

The packet control unit (PCU) enables the communication between the BSC and the SGSN in the GPRS network. The PCU performs

functions such as packet radio resource management and packet call control.

Packet Data Channel

The Packet Data Channel is a general term used in GPRS to represent a timeslot given over to the control of GPRS rather than

conventional GSM circuit switching. It may carry either signalling or user data GPRS.

Packet Data Convergence Protocol

Packet Data Convergence Protocol is used in UMTS to format the data into a suitable structure prior to transfer over the air interface.

Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

Used as a shorter, more private, mobile identifier. Identifies the system that assigned it, and not directly the MS.Packet-TMSI is

allocated by the SGSN and used for GPRS access only.

PCU-BSC Interface Signaling Link

The PCU-BSC Interface Signaling Link (PBSL) is the signaling link between the BSC and the PCU.

Pleisochronous Digital Hierarchy

The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used in the telecommunications network. It is used to transmit a large

amount of data over such digital transmission equipment in the radio network as optical cable.

PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

A public land mobile network may be defined as a number of mobile services switching centre areas within a common numbering

plan and a common routing plan.



Port Trunking

Port trunking allows you to aggregate multiple ports into a single group, effectively combining the bandwidth into a single connection.

Port trunking also allows you to create multi-gigabit pipes to transport traffic through the highest traffic areas of your network. For

example, you can aggregate three gigabits ports into a three-gigabit trunk port.

Power Distribution Frame

Power Distribution Frame. It is a high-current power supply in the equipment room.

Power Distribution Unit

The power distribution unit performs AC or DC power distribution.

Pulse Coded Modulation

PCM is a Time-Domain Waveform coding method and is defined within CCITT G.711, and ATT 43801. Basically, an analog signal is

sampled at a rate of 8000 times per second. In each sample, the amplitude of the signal is assigned (quantized) a digital value.

Real-time Transfer Protocol

RTP, a protocol for end-to-end real-time transmission, provides the RX end with timing and packet serial number for recovering real-

time data, and provides communications quality test.

Received signal level

The signal level at a receiver input terminal.

Received signal Quality

In a radio system RXQUAL indicates the average signal quality received.

RFN

Reduced TDMA Frame Number

RLC

Radio Link Control

RNC

Radio Network Controller

RNSAP

Radio Network System Application Part

Routing Area

The SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) in a GPRS system will control one or more RA (Routing Area). It is the responsibility of

the mobile to keep the SGSN informed as to its current RA. Routing Areas can be made up on one or more cells. Each Routing Area is

given a RAI (Routing Area Identification).

Routing Area Identity

The Routing Area Identification is composed of the LAC (Location Area Code) and the RAC (Routing Area Code). It is used for

paging and registration purposes.

RRC



Radio Resource Control

RSL

Radio signaling link: It regulates the signaling flow between the BTS and the BSC and the signaling flow between the BTS and the

MS.

Temporary Logical Iink Identity

Temporary identify of the logical link between the MS and the SGSN.

Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

A temporary mobile station identification assigned by the MSC. It is stored in the VLR and the SIM and used by the MS to originate

and receive calls.

Terminal Endpoint Identification

The Terminal Endpoint Identification value used to select an entity for which protocol activity will be monitored or retrieved. This

parameter is used only to specify a TEI value at layer 2 for the capture entity.

Throughput

Maximum rate at which none of the offered frames are dropped.

Time Division Multiplexing

time-division multiplexing. Technique in which information from multiple channels can be allocated bandwidth on a single wire based

on preassigned time slots. Bandwidth is allocated to each channel regardless of whether the station has data to transmit.

Time Slot

Continuously repeating interval of time or a time period in which two devices are able to interconnect.

Traffic Channel

A logical channel used for the transporting the voice coding information or the user data.

Transcoding and Rate Adaptation Unit

This is an entity that performs a transcoding function for speech channels and RA (Rate Adaptation) for data channels.

Transmit Power Control

Transmit Power Control is a technical mechanism used within some networking devices in order to prevent too much unwanted

interference between different wireless networks (e.g. the owner's network and the neighbour's network).

Tributary Protect Switch

Tributary Protect Switch (TPS) is a protection function on the board level. Based on this function, services carried on the electrical

ports, such as the 2 Mbit/s electrical port, 34 Mbit/s electrical port, and 155 Mbit/s electrical port, are protected. The TPS function

implements the 1:N protection of the tributary service. In this way, the network security is improved.

TRX

A TRX is a radio transceiver entity. Eight timeslots are mapped to one TRX.

Tunnel Endpoint ID



The TEID unambiguously identifies a tunnel endpoint in the receiving GTP-U (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol - User) or GTP-C (GPRS

Tunnelling Protocol - Control) protocol entity. The receiving side of a GTP tunnel locally assigns the TEID value for the transmitting

side to use. The TEID values are exchanged between tunnel endpoints using GTP-C messages (or RANAP) in the UTRAN.

Um Interface

Radio interface, interface between MS (Mobile Station) and BSS (Base Station System).

UMTS Control Plane Service Processing Board

UMTS control plane service processing board. It consists of the SPUa and SPUb boards which are logically configured as the UCP or

RUCP.

UMTS Control Plane Service Processing Subsystem

UMTS control plane service processing subsystem. It consists of the subsystems whose logical function is UCP on the SPUa and

SPUb boards and the non-zero subsystems whose logical function is RUCP on the SPUa and SPUb boards.

Universal Mobile Telecommunications System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication System/Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services

A 3G mobile technology that will deliver broadband information at speeds up to 2Mbit s/sec. Besides voice and data, UMTS will

deliver audio and video to wireless devices anywhere in the world through fixed, wireless and satellite systems.

User plane part of GPRS tunnelling protocol

GTP is the defining IP protocol of the GPRS core network. Primarily it is the protocol which allows end users of a GSM or WCDMA

network to move from place to place while continuing to connect to the Internet as if from one location at the Gateway GPRS Support

Node (GGSN). It does this by carrying the subscriber's data from the subscriber's current Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) to the

GGSN which is handling the subscriber's session.

User-Network Interface

ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the interface between ATM-based products (a router or an

ATM switch) located in a private network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to describe

similar connections in Frame Relay networks.

Uu Interface

Radio interface between UE and Base Station in 3G network.

Virtual Channel Identifier

The identifier in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which virtual channel the cell belongs.

Virtual Path Identifier

The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

An Internet protocol, provides one or more than one backup route when static routing is used in local area network.

VLAN

Virtual Local Area Network

Voltage Standing Wave Ratio



The ratio of the maximum/minimum values of standing wave pattern along a transmission line to which a load is connected. VSWR

value ranges from 1 (matched load) to infinity for a short or an open load. For most base station antennas the maximum acceptable

BSC6900 Boards

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