B.Sc. Physics Semester V

GANPAT UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Science

Teaching Scheme, Examination Scheme

&

Syllabus

B.Sc. Physics

Semester V

(Effective from July 2020)

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GANPAT UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SCIENCE

TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Physics Semester V

Effective from Academic Year 2020-21 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2018

Subject Code

Subject Name

Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)

Credit Hours (per week) Theory Practical Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.)

CE SEE Total CE SEE Total L TU Total P TW Total L TU Total P TW Total

BPHY5MQM Mathematical Physics and Quantum Mechanics

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY5CSM Classical Mechanics and StatisticalMechanics

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY5LNE Linear and Non-Linear Electronics Circuit

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BPHY5NMP Numerical Methods and Programming

3 --- 3 2 2 3 --- 3 3 1 4 40 60 100 40 60 100

BELE5 Elective* 2 --- 2 --- --- 2 --- 2 --- --- --- 40 60 100 --- --- ---

Total 14 --- 14 8 8 14 --- 14 12 4 16 200 300 500 160 240 400

*any one subject can be offered from the following list of elective subjects.

Elective

Sr.No. Subject Code Subject Name 1 BELE5ELO Electron Optics

2 BELE5BIS Basic Instrumentation Skill

3 BELE5RER Renewable Energy Resources 4 MOOC’s courses from SWAYAM PORTAL

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Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Physics

Semester V Version 1.0.0.0 Effective from Academic Year 2020-21 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2018

Subject code BPHY5MQM Subject Name Mathematical Physics and Quantum Mechanics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)

Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total

L TU P TW Credit 3 -- 2 5 Theory 40 60 100

Hours/Week 3 -- 3 1 7 Practical 40 60 100 Pre-requisites:

Basics of calculus, concepts of Schrodinger equations and wave functions. Learning Outcome:

Students gain knowledge about Mathematical Physics and Quantum Mechanics.

Theory syllabus Unit Content Hrs

1

Differential Equations: Some partial differential Equations Physics (2.1), The method of separation ofvariables (2.2A), Separation of Helmholtz equation in Cartesian Coordinates(2.2B), Separation of Helmholtz equation in spherical polar Coordinates(2.2C), separation of Helmholtz equation in cylindrical coordinates(2.2D),Laplace's equation in various coordinate systems (2.2E).

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2

Special functions: Legendre Polynomials: Legendre Differential Equations and Legendre Functions, Generating Functions, Recurrence Formulae and Orthogonal Proprties of Legendre Polynomials. Bessel’s Functions: Introduction of BesselsFunctions and spherical Bessels function, Recurrence formula and Generating Function of Bessels Functions, Orthogonality of Bessels functions; Expansion of an arbitrary function in a series of Bessel’s Functions. Hermite Polynomials: Introduction of Hermite Polynomials and Hermite Differential Equation, Generating Function, Recurrence Formulae and Orthogonality condition for Hermite Polynomials. The Gamma Functions, The Dirac Delta Functions.

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3

General formalism of Quantum Mechanics: Linear vector space (3.1), Linear Operator (3.2), Eigenfunctions and Eigenvalues (3.3), Hermitian operator (3.4), Postulates of Quantum Mechanics (3.5), Simultaneous Measurability of Observables (3.6), General Uncertainty Relation (3.7), Dirac Notation (3.8), Equations of motion (3.9), Momentum Representation (3.10)

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4

One-dimensional Energy Eigenvalue Problems: Square-well Potential with rigid walls (4.1), Square-well potential with Finite walls (4.2), Square potential barrier (4.3), Alpha Emission (4.4), Bloch Waves in a periodic potential (4.5), Kronig-Penny Square-Well Periodic Potential (4.6), Linear Harmonic Oscillator: Schrodinger's method (4.7), Linear Harmonic Oscillator: Operator method (4.8), The free particle (4.9)

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Practical Content

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1. To determine the first excitation potential of gas by Franck-Hertz experiment.

2. To determine the value of Planck’s constant.

3. To determine the Rydberg constant.

4. Computation simulation of Square-well Potential with rigid walls.

5. Computation simulation ofSquare-well potential with Finite walls 6. Computation simulation ofSquare potential barrier

7. Computation simulation of Semi infinite Square potential 8. Computation simulation of Bloch Waves in a periodic potential

9. Computation simulation of Laplace’s equation.

10. Computation simulation of Helmholtz equation. 11. Computation simulation of Special function-1.

12. Computation simulation of Special function-2.

Reference Books 1. Mathematical Physics by P. K. Chatopadhyay(Wiley East Ltd.).

2. Mathematical Physics by B.D.Gupta.

3. Mathematical Physics by H.K.Dass. 5. Quantum Mechanics by G. Aruldhas (Prentice Hall of India).

6. A textbook of Quantum Mechanics by P. M. Matthews and K. Venkateshan (THM). 7. Quantum Mechanics by S. Lokanathanand AjoyGhatak (Trinity).

8. Introduction to Quantum Mechanicsby Devid J. Griffiths (Pearson).

9. Quantum Physics by H. C. Verma.

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GANPAT UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF SCIENCE Programme Bachelor of Science Branch/Spec. Physics

Semester V Version 1.0.0.0

Effective from Academic Year 2020-2021 Effective for the batch Admitted in July 2018

Subject code BPHY5CSM Subject Name Classical Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics

Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)

(Per week) Lecture(DT) Practical(Lab.) Total CE SEE Total

L TU P TW

Credit 3 -- 2 05 Theory 40 60 100

Hours 3 -- 3 1 07 Practical 40 60 100

Pre-requisites:

Basic knowledge of Newtonian Mechanics, calculus and coordinate systems. Learning Outcome:

Students gain knowledge about Classical Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics.Also learnabout the connection between microscopic variable to macroscopic variable and also application of Statistical Mechanics. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Coordinate system: Coordinate system with relative translation motion (9.1), Rotating coordinate system (9.2), The coriolis force (9.3), Motion on the earth (9.4), Effect of coriolis force on a freely falling particle (9.5).

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2

Lagrangian Formulation: Constraints (8.1), generalized coordinates (8.2), D'Alembert’s principle (8.3), Lagrange'sequations (8.4), A general expression for kinetic energy (8.5), Symmetries and the lawsof conservation (8.6), Cyclic or ignorable coordinates (8.7), Velocity dependent potentialof electromagnetic field (8.8) Motion of Rigid Body: Euler's theorem (10.1), Angular momentum and kinetic energy (10.2), The inertia tensor(10.3), Euler's equation motion (10.4). Torque free motion (10.5), Euler’s angles (10.6),Motion of a symmetric top (10.7)

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3

Macroscopic and Microscopic states:

Macroscopic States (4.1), MicroscopicStates (4.2), Phase Space (4.3), μ-Space (4.4), -Space (4.5), Postulate of equala priori probability (4.6). Statistical Ensembles: Micro canonical ensemble (5.1), Canonical ensemble (5.2), Alternative method for the derivation of canonical distribution (5.3), Mean value and Fluctuations (5.4), Grand Canonical Ensemble(5.5), Alternative derivation of Grand Canonical Distribution(5.6), Fluctuations in the number of particle of a system in a grand canonical ensemble(5.7), Reduction of a Gibb’s distribution to Maxwell’s and Boltzman distribution(5.8), Barometric formula (5.9), Experimental verification of the Boltzman’s distribution (5.10) .

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4 B.E. and F.D. distribution: Symmetry of wave function(8.1), The quantum distribution functions(8.2), The Boltzman limit

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of Boson and Fermion gases(8.3), Evaluation of partition function(8.4), Partition function for Diatomic molecules(8.5), Equation of state for an ideal gas(8.6), The quantum mechanical paramagnetic susceptibility(8.7).

Practical content

1. Acceleration due to gravity by Kater's pendulum (fixed knife edges).

2. Acceleration due to gravity by Kater's pendulum (Variable knife edges).

3. To study the Statistical properties of a molecular assembly with two state dynamics. 4. To study the Statistical properties of a molecular assembly with three state dynamics.

5. To simulate random walk problem. 6. To simulate the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution function at different temperature.

7. To simulate the Fermi-Dirac distribution function at different temperature.

8. To simulate the Bose-Einstein distribution function at different temperature.

9. Determination of Thermal conductivity ‘K’ of a rubber tube.

10. Temperature of Flame.

11. Viscosity by log decrement methods.

12. Momentum of inertia of a Torsion Pendulum.

13. Determination of Young’s Modulus by Bending of Beam.

Reference Books

1. Introduction to classical mechanics by Takawale and Puranic (THM Publication).

2. Classical Mechanics, by Goldstein(Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi).

3. Classical Mechanics by YasvantWaghmare.

4. Classical Mechanics by N.C.Rana and P.S.Joag(THM).

5. Fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics by B. B. Laud(New Age International Publisher).

6. Statistical Mechanics and Properties of Matter by E.S.R.Gopal(McMillan Company of India Ltd.).

7. Statistical Mechanics by B. K. Agarwal- Melvin Eisner(NewAge Int. Pub.).

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Subject code BPHY5LNE Subject Name Linear and Non-Linear Electronics Circuits Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of Transistor, logic gates, electric components. Learning Outcome:

Gain knowledge on amplifier characteristics, frequency response of amplifier, simplification of digital complicated circuit using Karnaugh map and Network Transformations. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

General amplifier characteristics: Introduction, concept of amplification, amplifier notations, current gain, voltage gain, power gain, amplifier input resistance, amplifier output resistance, maximum power transfer, conversion efficiency, classes of amplifier operation, harmonic distortion, three point method of calculating harmonic distortion, five point method of calculating harmonic distortion, oscilloscope display of an amplifier dynamic transfer curve, measurement of harmonic distortion, other types of amplifier distortion, decibels, other equations for decibel computation, zero dB reference level, use of voltmeter as dB indicator, voltmeter range correction factor, impedance correction factor, frequency response curves, amplifier bandwidth, phase relationship in amplifier square wave testing.

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2

Frequency response of a transistor amplifier: Low frequency response of a transistor amplifier: Effect of an emitter by pass capacitor on low frequency response, effect of coupling capacitor on low frequency response, cascading of CE stages, mid frequency gains, low frequency response of cascaded stages amplifier, low frequency response to a square wave, transformer coupled transistor amplifier, low frequency response of TC amplifier, step response of a TC amplifier. High frequency response of a transistor amplifier: High frequency model for a CE amplifier, approximate CE high frequency model with a resistive load, CE short circuit current gain, high frequency current gain with a resistive load, high frequency response of cascaded CE stages, amplifier high frequency response to a square wave high frequency response of a transformer coupled amplifier.

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3

Combinational Logic Circuits: Boolean laws and theorems, sum of products method, truth table to Karnaugh map, pairs, quads and octets, Karnaugh simplification, don't care conditions, product of sums method product of sums simplification, Exclusive OR gate, Ex-OR gate as parity checker.

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4 Negative Feedback in transistor amplifier: General theory of feedback, reasons for negative feedback, loop gain, types of negative feedback in transistor circuits.

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Transistor Oscillators: Introduction, Effect of positive feedback, requirements for oscillations, the phase shift oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator, LC oscillators, Colpitts and Hartley oscillators with analysis.

Practical Content:

1. Colpitt’s Oscillator.

2. Negative feedback amplifier. 3. Half adder, Half subtractor, Full adder and Full subtractor.

4. SCR Characteristics.

5. DIAC Characteristics. 6. Hartley Oscillator.

7. Measurement of frequency f and phase difference ‘θ’ of AC wave using CRO. 8. A study of transformer coupled amplifier using CRO.

9. Wien bridge oscillator. 10.I/P and O/P impedance of RC-CE amplifier at different frequency using CRO.

11. Solving and creating the Karnaugh Map for any three problems.

12. Simulating and showing the impact of negative feedback on transistor circuits 13. Simulating and showing the impact of positive feedback on transistor oscillators

Reference Books:

1. Electronic Devices and circuits – An Introduction by Allen Mottershead (Printice-Hall of India Private Limited) 2. Digital Principles and Applications by Malveno, Leach and Saha.

3. Network Lines and Field by J D Ryder. 4. Network Analysis by M. S. Van Valkenburg.

5. Network Analysis by G K Mithal.

6. Hand book of Electronic by Gupta Kumar.

7. Electronics and Radio Engineering by M.L. Gupta.

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Subject code BPHY5NMP Subject Name Numerical Methods and Programming Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Basic Knowledge of Calculus and algorithm development. Learning Outcome:

Gain knowledge on numerical methods and Computer Programming.


1

Errors and iterative Methods: Truncation and Round-off Errors. Floating Point Computation, Overflow and underflow. Single and Double Precision Arithmetic, Iterative Methods. Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations: (1) Fixed point iteration method, (2) Bisection method, (3) Secant Method, (4) Newton Raphson method, (5) Generalized Newton’s method Interpolation: Forward and Backward Differences. Symbolic Relation, Differences of a polynomial. Newton’s Forward and Backward Interpolation Formulas

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2

Least Square fitting: (1) Fitting a straight line, (2) Non-linear curve fitting: (a) Power function, (b) Polynomial of nth degree and (c) Exponential Function, (3) Linear Weighed Least square Approximation. Numerical Differentiation: (1) Newton’s interpolation Formulas & (2) Cubic Spline Method, Errors in Numeric Differentiation. Maximum and Minimum values of a Tabulated Function. Numerical Integration: Generalized Quadrature Formula, Trapezoidal Rule, Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 Rules.

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Computer Programming: Operators and Expressions: Introduction (3.1), Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Assignment, Increment and Decrement, Conditional, Bitwise, Special (3.2 to 3.9). Decision making and branching: Introduction (5.1), Decision making with if statement (5.2), simple if statement (5.3), The if-else statement (5.4), Nesting of if---else statement (5.5), The else if ladder (5.6), The switch statement (5.7), The ?: operator (5.8), The Goto statement (6.9). Introduction to looping: while statement, do statement, do while, for statement, jumps in loops – continue and break statements.

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Arrays: Introduction, One dimensional arrays, declaration and initialization of arrays one dimensional array, two dimensional arrays, initialization of two dimensional arrays, multidimensional arrays. Character Arrays and Strings:

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Declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings, arithmetic operations on characters, Putting Strings together, comparison of two Strings, String handling functions. Functions: Need for user defined functions, A multi-function program, Elements of user defined functions, Definition of functions, return values and their types, Function Calls, Function Declaration, category of functions, No argument and no return values, Arguments but no return values, Arguments with return values, No arguments but returns a value, Functions that returns multiple values, nesting of functions, recursion.

Practical Content: 1. Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations using fixed point iteration method.

2. Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations using bisection method. 3. Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations using Newton Raphson method.

4. Solutions of Algebraic and Transcendental Equations using generalized Newton’s method. 5. Solutions of Differential Equations using Newton’s interpolation Formulas.

6. Solutions of Differential Equations using Cubic Spline Method.

7. Solutions of Integration using generalized quadrature formula. 8. Solutions of Integration using Trapezoidal Rule.

9. Solutions of Integration using Simpson’s 1/3 rule. 10. Solutions of Integration using Simpson’s 3/8 rule.

11. C programming on Decision making. 12. C programming on Branching.

13. C programming on Array.

14. C programming on Function. Reference Books:

1. Introduction to Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry(PHI Learning Pvt.Ltd.).

2. Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E.Atkinson (Wiley India Edition).

3. Programming in ANSI C by E.Balaguruswami (THM). 4. Programming in C by P. Day and M.Ghosh (Oxford Univ. Press).

5. Programming with C by B. S. Gottfried.

6. Programming in C by S. G Kochan (CBS Pub). 7. Let us C by Y. Kenetker (BPB Pub).

8. B. W. Kernighan and D. K. Ritchie, C Programming language (PH Pub). 9. Bootle, Mastering Turbo C by Stan Kelly (BPB Pub).

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Subject code BELE5ELO Subject Name Electron Optics Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)


L TU P TW Credit 2 -- -- -- 2 Theory 40 60 100

Hours/Week 2 -- -- -- 2 Practical -- -- -- Pre-requisites:

Basic Knowledge on optics, Electric fields and Magnetic fields. Learning Outcome:

Gain a Knowledge on CRO, And how Electrostatic Lenses and Magnetostatic lenses in electron Microscope


1 Motion of electrons in Electric and Magnetic fields, measurement of charge tomass ratio of electrons, Construction, function of CRO and its applications.Properties of an ideal image, imaging in light optics, imaging with electrons:Electrostatic lenses, Magnetic lenses

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2 Focusing properties of a thin Magnetic lenses, Comparison of magnetic andElectrostatic lens, Defects of electron lenses, Chromatic Aberration, Axialastigmatism, Distortion and Curvature field, electron microscopes.

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Reference Books 1. Physical Principles of Electron Microscope: An Introduction to TEM, SEM and AEM R. Egerton, springer, ISBN: 978-0-387-25800-3

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Subject code BELE5BIS Subject Name Basic Instrumentation Skill Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Have a basics measurements, electricity and electronics Learning Outcome:

Students gain a Knowledge on how to different measurement devices works.


1

Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range, Errors in measurements and loading effects. Multimeter: Principles of measurement of DC voltage and DC current, AC voltage, AC current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance. Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurement with respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block diagram only).Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance. AC milli-voltmeter: Type of AC milli-voltmeters. Block diagram ACmilli-voltmeter,specifications and their significance.

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2

Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. CRT, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only– no mathematical treatment), brief discussion on screen phosphor, visual persistence. Time base operation, synchronization.Front panel controls. Specifications of CRO and their significance. Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac), frequency and time period. Special features of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage Oscilloscope: principle of working. Signal and pulse Generators: Block diagram, explanation and specifications of low frequency signal generator and pulse generator. Brief idea for testing, specifications.Distortion factor meter, wave analysis.

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Reference Books 1. A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand and Co.

2. Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn.

3. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill. 4. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.

5. Digital Electronics, SubrataGhoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning. 6. Electronic Devices and circuits, S. Salivahanan& N. S.Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill

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Subject code BELE5RER Subject Name Renewable Energy Resources Teaching scheme Examination scheme (Marks)




Knowledge of high-school science. Learning Outcome:

Awareness about the different renewable energy resources and their working principle. Theory syllabus

Unit Content Hrs

1

Fundamentals of Energy: Energy Consumption and Standard of living (1.1), Classification of energy resources (1.3), Importance of non-conventional energy sources (1.5), energy chain (1.6), Common forms of energy (1.7), Advantages and Disadvantages of Conventional energy sources (1.8), Availability of Resources (1.13.2), Necessity of energy storage (3.1), Energy Storage methods (Basic description) (3.2). Solar Power Plant: Solar constants, Measurement of solar radiations, Types of collectors, Concentrated solar power, Solar energy conversion of CSP, CSP generators: construction and working principle, Solar PV systems: construction, types, solar cell, module, panel & array.

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Hydroelectric Power Plant: Schematic arrangement of hydroelectric plant, Elements of hydroelectric plant, Generators for hydro plants ,Water turbines, Advantages and disadvantages of hydro power plant, Site selection for hydro power plant. Energy from Biomass & Ocean: Electrical energy conversion of biomass energy, Types of biomass fuels, Advantages and limitations, Ocean thermal energy conversion, Types of OTEC power plants, Tidal power plants. Wind Power Generation: Wind turbine types and their construction, Wind energy conversion system, Power of the wind, Power curves of wind turbines , Wind turbine generator unit with battery storage facilities, Stall, pitch and active stall control of WPPs.

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Reference Books 1. Non-conventional energy sources, B.H. Khan(McGraw Hill).

2. Electrical Power System by V. K. Mehta (S. Chand Publication). 3. Generation and Economic Considerations by J. B. Gupta (S. K. Kataria& sons).

4. Renewable Energy Resources by John Twidell and Wier (CRC Press).

5. Solar energy, Suhas P Sukhative(Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.).

B.Sc. Physics Semester V

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