United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.

Nulli vendemus, nulli negabimus aut differemus Rectum aut Justiciam.We will sell to no man, we will not deny or defer to any man either Justice or Right.

MAGNA CARTA (1297)

≠ EDICT OF GOVERNMENT ±

BS NA EN 1991-1-5 (2003) (English): UK NationalAnnex to Eurocode 1. Actions on structures.General actions. Thermal actions

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

NATIONAL ANNEX

UK National Annex to Eurocode 1: Actions on structures -Part 1-5: General actions - Thermal actions Ies 91.010.30

British Standards

NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAW

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

Publishing and copyright information

The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.

© BSI 2007

ISBN 978 0 580 50575 1

The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference B/525/1 Draft for comment 06/30128336DC

Publication history

First edition April 2007

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. no. Date Text affected

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

Contents Introduction 1

NA.l Scope 1 NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters 1 NA.3 Decisions on the status of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative

annexes C and D 7

Bibliography 10

List of figures Figure NA.1 - Isotherms of minimum shade air temperature COC) 8 Figure NA.2 - Isotherms of maximum shade air temperature COC) 9

List of tables Table NA.1 - Adjustment to uniform bridge temperature for deck surfacing 3

Summary of pages

This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.

© BSI 2007 •

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

ii · © BSI 2007 This page deliberatel:y left blank

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

National Annex (inforInative) to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Actions on structures -Part 1-5: General actions­TherInal actions

Introduction This National Annex has been prepared by BSI Subcommittee B/525/l, Actions (loadings) and basis of design. In the UK it is to be used in conjunction with BS EN 1991-1-5:2003.

NA.l Scope This National Annex gives:

a) the UK decisions for the Nationally Determined Parameters described in the following sub clauses of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

- 5.3(2) - 6.1.4.2(1) - 7.2.1(1)

- 6.1.1(1) - 6.1.4.3(1) - 7.5(3)

- 6.1.2(2) - 6.1.4.4(1) -7.5(4)

- 6.1.3.1(4) - 6.1.5(1) - A.1(1)

- 6.1.3.2(1) - 6.1.6(1) -A.1(3)

6.1.3.3(3) - 6.2.1(1)P A.2(2)

- 6.1.4(3) 6.2.2(1) -B(l)

- 6.1.4.1(1) - 6.2.2(2)

b) the UK decisions on the status ofBS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative annexes C and D (see NA.3); and

c) references to non-contradictory complementary information.

NA.2 Nationally Determined Parameters

NA.2.1 Determination of temperature profiles [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 5.3(2)] The values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5: 2003, Table 5.1, should be used.

The values recommended inBSEN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 5.2, should be used, except that the minimum shade air temperature T min and the maximum shade air temperature Tma:x should be obtained from Figure NA.1 and Figure NA.2, respectively.

The values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 5.3, should be used.

© BSI 2007 • 1

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

2 • © BSI 2007

NA.2.2 Bridge deck types [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.1(1), NOTE 2]

NA.2.2.1 General

Values for the uniform temperature component and temperature difference component for buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, are given in NA.2.2.2 and NA.2.2.3.

Values for other types of bridges not covered in BS EN 1991-1-5 should be agreed for the individual project with the relevant authority, where appropriate.

The following may be considered to be protected from climatic and operational temperature changes:

a) the walls and base slab of buried concrete box structures and the walls of buried concrete portal frame structures;

b) in situ buried concrete structures which have over 0,6 metres of cover Cfill plus surfacing) and which are more than five times as long Ctransversely) as the clear span or, for multispan structures, five times as long as the largest clear span;

c) precast buried concrete segments which have over 0,6 metres of cover Cfill plus surfacing) and which are located more than 1,25 times the clear span from the edge of the structure.

Buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, should be classified as Type 3 structures.

NA.2.2.2 Uniform temperature component

For buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels, where the total cover depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring is greater than 200 mm, the minimum and maximum uniform bridge temperatures obtained from BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, and adjusted using Table NA.1 may be further modified as follows:

For every additional 100 mm of total cover depth in excess of 200 nun:

a) the minimum uniform bridge temperature may be increased by 1°C;

b) the maximum uniform bridge temperature may be reduced by 2°C.

However, the difference between the maximum and minimum uniform bridge temperature should not be taken as less than 15°C.

Changes in uniform bridge temperature may be ignored when the total depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring is 1,5 m or greater.

Deck surface

Water-proofed A)

40 mm surfacing B)

100 rnrn surfacing B)

200 mm surfacing B)

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

NA.2.2.3 Temperature difference component

BS EN 1991-5:2003, Annex B, should be used to establish temperature differences for buried concrete box and portal frame structures, and masonry arch bridges with solid spandrels. In BS EN 1991-5:2003, Table B.3, the value of h for buried concrete structures should be taken as the distance from the underside of the surfacing to the soffit of the roof slab. For masonry arch bridges the value of h in Table B.3 should be taken as the distance from the underside of the surfacing to the intrados of the arch ring. In BS EN 1991-5:2003, Figure 6.2a, Figure 6.2b and Figure 6.2c, LlT 1 should be taken as occurring at the underside of the surfacing and the dimensions h and hI should be measured downwards from that level so that the temperature profiles shown in BS EN 1991-5:2003, Figure 6.2c, are applied through the fill as well as through the roof slab or arch ring.

Heating and cooling temperature differences may be ignored when the total depth from the top of the surfacing to the top of the roof slab or extrados of the arch ring exceeds 500 mm.

NA.2.3 Consideration of thermal actions [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.2(2)] Approach 2 should be used, unless the use of Approach 1 is agreed for the individual project with the relevant authority.

NA.2.4 Uniform temperature components - General [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.1(4)] The values of Te.min and Te.max recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, should be used, subject to the adjustments for deck surfacing given in Table NA.1.

The uniform bridge temperature components are dependent on the depth of surfacing on the bridge deck, and the values given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.1, assume depths of 40 mm for Type 1 and 100 mm for Types 2 and 3. When the depth of surfacing differs from these values, the minimum and n1aximum uniform bridge temperature components should be adjusted by the amounts given in Table NA.1.

Table NA.1 Adjustment to uniform bridge temperature for deck surfacing

Addition to minimum uniform bridge Addition to maximum uniform bridge temperature component, °C temperature component, °C

Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 1 Type 2 Type 3

0 +4 0

0 -3 -1 +4 C) +4 +2

0 -1 0 +2 +1

N/A 0 0 N/A 0 0

N/A +3 +1 N/A -2 A) Waterproofed deck values are conservative, assuming dark material; there may be some alleviation when light coloured

waterproofing is used; specialist advice should be sought if required. B) Surfacing depths include waterproof mg. C) For steel truss and plate girders the values for unsurfaced and waterproofed deck surfaces may be reduced to +2 °e.

BSI2007 • 3

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

4 • © BSI 2007

NA.2.5 Shade air temperature [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.2(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures with a probability of being exceeded of 0,02 (1 in 50 year return period) should be obtained from the maps of isotherms in Figure NA.1 and Figure NA.2, respectively.

NA.2.6 Range of uniform bridge temperature component [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.3.3(3)] For bearings and expansion joints, the maximum expansion and contraction ranges of the uniform bridge temperature component should be as given by other relevant standards (for example, BS EN 1993-2). Where no information is given the requirements should be as follows:

(~TN,exp + 20) °C

and

(~TN,con + 20) °C,

respectively.

If the temperature at which the bearings and expansion joints are set is specified then the ranges are (~TN,exp + 10) °C and (~TN,con + 10) °C, respectively.

NA.2.7 Temperature difference components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4(3)] The initial temperature difference at the closure of cantilever construction should be specified for the individual project.

NA.2.8 Vertical linear component (Approach 1) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.1(1)] Generally, Approach 1 should not be used. However, where Approach 1 is specified and permitted for use, the values of ~T M,heat and ~T M,cool and factor ksur given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table 6.1 and Table 6.2, respectively, should be used.

NA.2.9 Vertical temperature components with non-linear effects (Approach 2) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.2(1)] The temperature difference values recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.2a to Figure 6.2c, for the different types of bridge deck should be used, but with the following changes to Figure 6.2a and Figure 6.2c:

In Figure 6.2a:

• In note, ~T N should be ~T u.

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

In Figure 6.2c:

Colunm (a) Heating: Table: the value of /).T1 for h ;:::: 0,8 should be 13,5 instead of 13,0;

Column (b) Cooling: Figure: the top horizontal line for h3 should be lowered to the kink;

• Column (b) Cooling: Below figure: line 2: ~ 0,20 m instead of;:::: 0,20 m;

• In note, /).T N should be /).T u'

The data given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Figure 6.2, assume depths of surfacing of 40 mm for Type 1 and 100 mm for Types 2 and 3. For other depths of surfacing different values will apply. Values for other thicknesses of surfacing are given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Annex B.

NA.2.10 Horizontal components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.3(1)] Where a horizontal temperature difference needs to be considered, a temperature difference between the outer edges of the bridge, independent of the width of the bridge, of 5 °C may be used. Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles.

NA.2.11 Temperature difference components within walls of concrete box girders [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.4(1)] The linear temperature difference of 15°C recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.4.4(1), Note, may be used. Alternatively, appropriate non-linear distribution and corresponding values may be determined from first principles.

NA.2.12 Simultaneity of uniform and temperature difference components [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.5(1)] The values of (ON = 1,00 and (OM = 1,00 may be used. The ranges of uniform bridge temperature component for expansion and contraction (/).TN) should be determined from the relevant value of To and:

•

•

appropriate values of Te max above 25°C for Type 1 and Temax above 15°C for Types 2 and 3.

appropriate values of Te min of up to 8 °C below the maximum for Type 1

T e min of up to 4 °C below the maximum for Type 2

T e min of up to 2 °C below the maximum for Type 3.

Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles.

© BSI 2007 • 5

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

6 • © BSI 2007

NA.2.13 Difference in the uniform temperature components between different structural elements [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.6(1)] Where relevant, the values for the differences in the uniform temperature component recommended in the note to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.1.6(1), may be used.

Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles.

NA.2.14 Consideration of thermal actions [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.1(1)P] The design procedure to be used for taking temperature differences between the outer faces of bridge piers may assume an equivalent linear tenlperature difference.

NA.2.15 Temperature differences [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.2(1)] The linear temperature difference between the opposite outer faces of concrete piers may be taken as 5 ce. Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles.

NA.2.16 Temperature differences [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 6.2.2(2)] The linear temperature difference between the inner and outer faces of walls may be taken as 15 ce. Alternatively, appropriate values may be determined from first principles.

NA.2.17 Shade air temperature [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.2.1(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures with a probability of being exceeded of 0,02 (1 in 50 year return period) should be obtained from the maps of isotherms given in Figure NA.l and Figure NA.2, respectively.

NA.2.18 Values of temperature components (indicative values) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(3)] The linear temperature difference component value of 15 ce recommended in Note 1 to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(3), should be used.

NA.2.19 Values of temperature components (indicative values) [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(4)] The value of stepped temperature component of 15 ce recommended in the note to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, 7.5(4), should be used.

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

NA.2.20 Isotherms of national minimum shade air temperatures - General [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.1(1)] The minimum and maximum shade air temperatures are obtained from the maps of isotherms in Figure NA.l and Figure NA.2, respectively. These figures relate to a 0,02 probability exceedance (1 in 50 year return period).

The temperature values should be adjusted for height above mean sea level using the recommended method given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.l(l), Note 2.

NA.2.21 Isotherms of national minimum and maximum shade air temperatures - Gelleral [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.1(3)] In the absence of specific provisions to control the temperature at which a bridge is restrained, the initial temperature To should be taken as ° °C for expansion and 20°C for contraction, except that, for buried concrete box structures, the value of To may be taken as 10°C for both expansion and contraction.

NA.2.22 Maximum and minimum shade air temperature values with an annual probability of being exceededp other than 0,02 [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.2(2)] The values ofkv k2' k3, k4should be taken as 0,781, 0,056, 0,393 and -0,156, respectively, as recommended in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, A.2(2), Note 1.

NA.2.23 Temperature differences for various surfacing depths [BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, B(l)] Temperature difference profiles for surfacing depths, other than 40 mm for Type 1 and 100 mm for deck Types 2 and 3, should be as given in BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, Table B.l, Table B.2 and Table B.3, except with the following changes to Table B.3:

• 1st colwnn: replace "0,2" with 0,2"

• 1st column: replace "1,5" with "~ 1,5"

• 6th column, 1,0 m depth of slab and 200 mm surfacing thickness: replace "4,3" with "4,8".

NA.3 Decisions on the status of BS EN 1991-1-5:2003 informative annexes C and D BS EN 1991-1-5:2003, informative annexes C and D, may be used in the UK as informative annexes.

© BSI 2007 • 7

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

3

2

Figure NA.l Isothenns of minimum shade air temperature ee)

2

12

11

10

9

7

2

-7

o NATIONAL GRID 55

3 4 5 6

~bO t -10

12

11

., ~

~l:IAb ut -10 __ +-____ -+ ______ +-____ ~10

-------r------r---__ ~----~9

8 I~------+------+------I

7

6 \~-----r_----~----~

5 ~---+----I

~__:_;::+__--I 4

3

2

__ 0

~------~----~--~~~--~~

LlTM GRID 54 3 ZONE 30U 4

NOTE The isotherms are derived from Meteorological Office Data.

8 • © BSI 2007

4

2

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

Figure NA.2 Isotherms of maximum shade air temperature eC)

10

9

8

7

o 1

2 3 4 5 6

-¥f-A-'"b-ou-t -24--+-----; 2

~1~1 __ --+_ __ --+-~~-4_----~----~11 _____ ----------~-----r---------rO

~----_4--------r-----~--__ ~9

------~----+-----~ 8

~.--~----~-----+--------17

~--~----_+------16

-...\-__ --1-------1 5

'\or--+-----I 4

3

o NATIONAL GRID r-5~S -----t------t----"

NOTE The isotherms are derived from Meteorological Office Data.

© BSI 2007 • 9

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

10 • © BSI 2007

Bibliography Standards publications

BS EN 1337-1, Structural bearings - Part 1: General design rules

BS EN 1337-2, Structural bearings -Part 2: Sliding elements

BS EN 1337-3, Structural bearings -Part 3: Elasto1neric bearings (in preparatian)

BS EN 1337-4, Structural bearings -Part 4: Roller bearings

BS EN 1337-5, Structural bearings -Part 5: Pot bearings

BS EN 1337-6, Structural bearings -Part 6: Rocker bearings (in preparatian)

BS EN 1337-7, Structural bearings -Part 7: Spherical and cylindrical PTFE bearings

BS EN 1990: 2002, Eurocode - Basis oj structural design

BS EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures

BS EN 1993-2, Eurocode 3 -Design oJsteel structures­Part 2: Steel bridges

Other publications

Emerson, Mary. "Temperature differences in bridges: basis oj design requirements. " Department of the Environment, TRRL Report LR 765. Crowthorne, Berkshire, United Kingdom, 1977.

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

This page deliberately left blank

NA to BS EN 1991-1-5:2003

-.... ~ .. -........ -• British Standards 389 Chiswick High Road London W44AL

BSI - British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. It is incorporated by Royal Charter.

Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions.

It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services. We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responSible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover. Tel: +44 (0)208996 9000. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400.

BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards.

Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services. Tel: +44 (0)2089969001. Fax: +44 (0)208996 7001. Email: orders@bsi-globaLcom. Standards are also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com.

In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested.

Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service. Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services. Contact the Information Centre. Tel: +44 (0)208996 7111. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048. Email: info@bsi-globaLcom.

Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards. For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001. Email: membership@bsi-global.com.

Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsi-globaLcorn/bsonline.

Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http://www.bsi-globaLcom.

Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications. BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies. Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means - electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise - without prior written permission from BSI.

This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained.

Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager. Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070. Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553. Email: copyright@bsi-global.com.