BS EN 14181:2004 - AST CEMs Calibration Report · 2-4 Langlands Place Business Manager Project...
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Transcript of BS EN 14181:2004 - AST CEMs Calibration Report · 2-4 Langlands Place Business Manager Project...
CEMs Functional Checks:
Linearity of Particulates Analyser:
Linearity of Gaseous Analysers:
Comparative Measurements of Particulates:
Comparative Measurements of Gases:
LEK 10073 AST
Report By:
MCERTS Number:
MCERTS Level:
Technical Endorsements:
Report Approved By:
MCERTS Number:
Business Title:
Technical Endorsements:
Signature:
BS EN 14181:2004 - AST CEMs Calibration Report
Section 1A
Type of Process Permit Number Installation Name Permit Reference
Tel: +353 21 4862374
Email: [email protected]
24th November 2015
25th November 2015
24th November 2015
25th November 2015
24th - 26th November 2015
Report Date 1st April 2016
ESG job Number
Version 2
Cormac Dunne
MM 07 885
MCERTS Level 2 - Team Leader
TE's 1, 2, 3 & 4
MM 05 640
MCERTS Level 2 - Project Manager
TE's 1, 2 & 4
Andy Tiffen
2-4 Langlands Place Business Manager Project Manager
Kelvin South Business Park Tel: 01355 247 514 Tel: 0161 443 0982
East Kilbride Email: [email protected]
Process Operator & Address
Novartis Ringaskiddy Ltd
Ringaskiddy
County Cork
Ireland
Main Contact at Site
Noel Aherne
Incinerator P0006-03 SWI -
Date(s) of Test(s) / Sampling:
ESG Laboratory: Your Contact at ESG: For technical enquiries:
East Kilbride Laboratory Dave Hay Andy Tiffen
Email: [email protected]
G75 0YF
Tel: 01355 246 730
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Title Page
Contents
Section 1 - Executive Summary
UKAS and ESG Disclaimer Statement
Calibration Summary
Deviation from the Standard Reference Methods
Deviations from BS EN 14181:2004
Inpact of Deviations on the Results
Actions Required
Section 2 - Regulatory Information
Regulated Determinands, Emission Limit Values and Required Measurement Uncertainty
Process Description
Standard Reference Method (SRM) Sampling Location
Duct Characteristics
Sampling Lines and Sample Points
Sampling Platform Information
Sampling Location / Platform Improvement Recommendations
Sampling Location Compliance with BS EN 15259:2007
Diagram / Photographs of Emission Point and Platform
Information about the CEMs
Description of the CEMs
CEMs Measurement of Stack Temperature and Pressure
CEMs & CEMs Probe Location
CEMs Self Checking / Calibration Periods
Sites Reference Materials
5
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
9
10
6
7
6
6
6
Contents
Page Number
1
2
4
4
7
8
9
9
9
9
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Section 3 - Information About the Monitoring Campaign
Stack Emissions Monitoring Team
Description of the Standard Reference Method (SRM)
Standard Reference Method (SRM) Monitoring Methods
Sampling Methods with Subsequent Analysis
On Site Testing
Section 4 - Data Handling
Procedure for Selecting Datapairs.
Section 4A - Data and Calculations
12
12
13
13
14
Contents (continued)
Page Number
11
11
12
12
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Opinions and interpretations expressed herein are outside the scope of UKAS accreditation.
This test report replaces and supersedes version 1, which was issued on the 8th February 2016.
Section 1 - Executive Summary
UKAS & ESG Disclaimer Statement
This test report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Environmental Scientifics Group Limited.
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.
Total Particulate Matter N/A N/A N/A N/A
AST Extended Range
20.8 20.9 N/A
Moisture y=0.961x +0.221 26.7 N/A N/A
Oxygen PASS PASS 10%
Section 1B
Hydrogen Chloride y=1.479x -1.553 2.2 8.5 N/A
VOCs y=1.015x -0.006 -2.0 10.0 N/A
Oxides of Nitrogen y=1.165x +1.437 150.3 286.4 N/A
Sulphur Dioxide y=1.010x +0.451 10.7 50.0 N/A
Carbon Monoxide y=1.007x -1.402 5.2 50.0 N/A
Calibration Summary
Novartis Ringaskiddy Ltd, Ringaskiddy
- - SWI
24th - 26th November 2015
Parameter Calibration Function QAL2 Validated Range QAL2 Extended
%
Test
VOCs PASS PASS 30%
PASS 20%
Hydrogen Chloride PASS PASS 40%
Sulphur Dioxide PASS
Where the Operator decides to use the calibration functions, then the Environment Agency of England has asked that this
test house make the Operator aware of the following statement. "Once applied, the calibration only remains valid so long
as the CEM is not adjusted, unless any adjustments are triggered and permitted through the QAL3 procedure, in order to
return the zero and span readings to the original baselines that were in place during the QAL2 and when the calibration
function was applied."
Moisture PASS PASS
Derived of Calibration at range using of calibration at
11th - 13th June 2014 Reportable Conditions linearity Reportable Conditions
Oxygen y=0.953x +0.219
30%
(AST only)
PASS PASS 30%
Oxides of Nitrogen PASS PASS 20%
Total Particulate Matter
Carbon Monoxide PASS PASS 20%
Test Acceptance
of the of the Confidence
Parameter Outcome Outcome Legislation
Variability Calibration Interval
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Project Deviations
N/A
The CEM system has passed the requirements of the AST. The calibration function derived during the
initial QAL2 is still valid and should continue to be used. No additional actions are required
Section 1C
Deviations from the Standard Reference Methods
Actions Required
Impact of Deviations on the Results
Deviations from BS EN 14181:2004
No deviations recorded during this project
No deviations recorded during this project
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2.2.2 Type of fuel
Fuel Type
Fuel Ratio
Is a multiple calibration function required
2.2.3 Abatement
Section 2.3.1 Stack and sampling ports
Duct Characteristics Sampling Lines & Sample Points
Section 2 - 2.1 Regulatory Information
Determinand (mg/m3) (mg/m
3) % Uncertainty
2.1.7 Regulated Determinands, Emission Limit Values and Required Measurement Uncertainty
Short Term ELV Daily ELV Virtual ELV Required
Carbon Monoxide 100 50 20%
11th - 13th June 2014 / N/A
P0006-03Waste Incineration
County Cork, Ireland
RingaskiddyNovartis Ringaskiddy Ltd2.1.1Name of the operator
2.1.2 Name of the installation
2.1.3 Address of the installation
2.1.4 Sector for the installation
2.1.5 Permit Number
2.1.6 Date of the last QAL2/AST
Sulphur Dioxide 200 50 20%
10%
Total Particulate Matter 10 30 30%
Oxides of Nitrogen as NO2 500 400 20%
Value Units TPM Gases
2.2 Operational Information and site monitoring provisions
Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as C 20 10 30%
Oxygen 25
Hydrogen Chloride 60 10 40%
Water Vapour 30 30%
2.3 Monitoring provisions at the installation - perodic monitoring
Any expected variation in emissions No
Will emissions variations influence representative sampling No
Other factors that may affect monitoring results O2 offset
Are emissions at or near zero Yes
Natural Gas
N/A
No
Abatement Type Scrubber:
LinearityIf emissions are at or near zero what provisions are in place to deal with this
and does the operator know and understand the implications?
Nature of process
Percentage of Load
Continuous
Modulating according to demand
2.2.1 Process type and variations in emissions
Width - m Orientation Horizontal Horizontal
Cross Sectional Area 0.06 m2 Number Points / Line 1 1
Shape Circular - Sample Port Size 4" BSP 4" BSP
Depth 0.27 m Number Used 1 1
70 mm Filtration LocationPort Depth In-Stack In-Stack
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Diagram / Photographs of Emission Point and Platform
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Section 2.3.2 Monitoring platform and site-provisions
Sampling Location / Platform Improvement Recommendations
Section 2.3.3 Sample - how representative is it?
Sampling Location Compliance with BS EN 15259:2007
Sampling Platform Information
Type Permanent
Location Outside
Safe & Clean Working Environment Yes
Sufficient Weather Protection Exposed to elements
The sampling location meets all the requirements specified in EA Guidance Note M1.
Is there easy & Safe access to the CEM? yes
Do site have adequate reference materials? See page 10 for reference materials stocked at site
Do site hold suitable tools yes
Do site stock spare parts yes
Can ref gases be injected at inlet & probe? yes
The Standard Reference Method sampling location has been subjected to a BS EN 15259:2007 homogeneity test.
The results of which have demonstrated that the gas stream at the sampling location is homogenously distributed.
Ratio of highest to lowest flows <3:1
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TPM
NO
NO2
CO
SO2
HCl
VOCs
Oxygen
The CEMs analyser is located in a clean safe environment with sufficient weather protection.
There is safe access to the CEMs probe / analyser head.
The CEMs sampling location has been subjected to a BS EN 15259 homogeneity test.
Section 2.4.2 Types of monitoring for peripheral determinands
CEMs System Model MCERTS Range
Actual Measurement QAL 1
Technique /
Provider Certified
2.4.1 Types of CEMs for each main determinand, oxygen and moisture
Pollutant Type of CEM Instrument Minimum
2.4 Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMs) at the installations
Range Certificate
mg/m3 Number
mg/m3
MCERTS
FTIR MC030016/04
extractive ABB ACF-NT 200 - FTIR
SIGAR2 100 - Photometer
MC030016/04
extractive ABB ACF-NT 75 250
MC060081/03
extractive ABB ACF-NT 200 600 FTIR MC030016/04
cross-duct SIGRIST
extractive ABB Multi-FID 14 15 50 FID
ACF-NT 75 300 FTIR
MC030015/02
MC030016/04
extractive ABB ACF-NT 15 90 FTIR MC030016/04
extractive ABB
ABB RGM 11 20.9% 25 Zirconia
CEMs Measurement of Stack Temperature and Pressure
MC030016/04
Water Vapour extractive ABB ACF-NT - 40 FTIR MC030016/04
extractive
The CEM system measures and records the stack temperature and pressure.
CEMs & CEMs Probe Location
The CEMs probe / analyser head is located < 3 hydraulic diameters downstream of the Standard Reference Method sampling
location.
CEMs Self Checking / Calibration Periods
Any data that is gathered across these periods will not be used as part of the datapairs used in the derivation of any calibration
function(s).
-
-
-
See below table 4.1 for each component for details of what corrections applied to data to obtain reportable conditions
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Number ppm Manufacture Life
Sites Reference Materials
Pollutant Supplier Cylinder Conc Date of Shelf
Site has the following reference materials:
CO AirProducts APE075683 84.4 17 04 14 36 months
SO2 AirProducts APE075683 74.4 17 04 14
VOC AirProducts APE1021704 16.2 15 02 11 60 months
36 months
NO AirProducts APE075683 237.1 17 04 14 36 months
Oxygen AirProducts APE0917142 0.0 20 04 12 120 months
The reference materials can be injected both at the probe and at the analyser.
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Name
Cormac Dunne
Hugh McMahon
Mar 17 Sep 16 Mar 17 Dec 16 Dec 16
MM 15 1347 Nov 20 - - - - - -
Reg Number Certification level with expiry date
Trainee L1 L2 TE1 TE2 TE3 TE4
MM 07 885 N/A N/A
Section 3 - Information About the Monitoring Campaign
3.1 Stack Emissions Monitoring Team
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Section 3.2 Standard/Alternative Reference Methods (SRMs/ARMs)
TPM
NO
NO2
CO
SO2
HCl
VOCs
Oxygen
Pollutant Standard / ESG UKAS MCERTS Limit Laboratory
Alternative Technical Accredited Accredited
~0.20 mg/m3
Oxygen BS EN 14789 AE 007 & 054 Yes Yes ~0.10 % East Kilbride
Water M22 AE 063 & 016 Yes Yes ~0.10 % East Kilbride
East KilbrideBS EN 12619 AE 056 Yes Yes
Pollutant Standard / ESG UKAS MCERTS
Alternative Technical Accredited Accredited of
Sampling Methods with Subsequent AnalysisLimit Laboratory
CO M22 AE 007 & 016 Yes Yes ~1.00 mg/m3
East Kilbride
On Site Testing
SO2 M22 AE 063 & 016 Yes Yes ~1.00 mg/m3
East Kilbride
Method Procedure(s) Test Test Detection
East Kilbride
NO M22 AE 063 & 016 Yes Yes ~1.00 mg/m3
East Kilbride
NO2 M22 AE 063 & 016 Yes Yes ~0.50 mg/m3
HCl M22 AE 063 & 016 Yes Yes ~0.50 mg/m3
East Kilbride
VOCs
0 to 75 6.1
Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR MC030014/05 0 to 75 0 to 75
Thermofid FID MC050062/00 0 to 15 0 to 15 8.7
0 to 30 -
Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR MC030014/05 0 to 15 0 to 15 7.0
M & A
Water Vapour Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR
of
East Kilbride
TPM BS EN 13284-1 AE 104 Yes Yes ~0.05 mg/m3
East Kilbride
Water BS EN 14790 AE 105 Yes Yes 0.10%
Method Procedure(s) Test Test Detection
(LOD)
Servomex Zentra 4900 Paramagnetic MC030013/06 0 to 25 0 to 25
2.0
Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR MC030014/05 0 to 200 0 to 200
4.8
3.5
Number mg/m3
M.U.
Range
-
Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR MC030014/05 0 to 75
Measurement QAL 1 Minimum
Certified
Certificate Range Daily
Provider MCERTS
ELV
CAE Method 5 Gravimetric - 0 to 5 -
Operating
System Model Technique /
MC030014/05 0 to 30
1.6
Gasmet DX 4000 FTIR MC030014/05 0 to 200 0 to 200
Description of the Standard / Alternative Reference Method (SRM / ARM)
mg/m3 of
MCERTS as %
Pollutant SRM / ARM Instrument
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Note: This report has a start point for all calibrations when the SRM value has been converted to the same units as the CEMs
reading. Therefore the actual raw SRM may not be stated in this report.
Section 4 - Data Handling
Procedure for Selecting Datapairs.
Where Environmental Scientifics Group Limited have used continuous analysers to perform the Standard or Alternative Reference
Methods monitoring, they initially average the data as follows:
BS EN 14181 states that if the sampling time is shorter than 1 hour, then the time interval between the start of each sample shall be
at least 1 hour.
When a Homogeneity Test to BS EN 15259:2007 has been carried out prior to the QAL 2 testing and the outcome of that testing
suggests that grid sampling is the best approach to use, then the timings of such samples are stated in full.
Once the data pairs have been assembled, any pairs that cover periods of either SRM / ARM and or CEMs zero / self checking are
discarded (as they are not deemed to be valid results). The remaining results are then subjected to an outlier test which is described
in detail in this report.
Data is averaged in line with the site short term ELV averaging time. i.e. For sites with half hourly ELV's, half hour averages are used.
Sites with 1 hourly ELV's, 1 hour averages are used. If the site does not have a short term ELV, then a minimum of half hour
averages are used.
When the SRM / ARM is performed using a manual extractive technique, the timing of such samples is stated in full.
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Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Temperature Correction not required
Pressure Correction not required
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
0.0
0.0
25 11 15 12:14
25 11 15 14:24
10
11
1.0
1.0
9
18.6
18.7
25 11 15 09:38
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)
25 11 15 13:50
25 11 15 16:00
138.1
138.8
-
-
999.3
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
CEM
Water
%
--
--
--
-
-
-
-
-
137.517.212.0
13.5
13.4
--
--
--
CEM
Press.
Mbar
-
-
-
SRM
Water
%
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
18.9 137.025 11 15 11:16
Sample
1
2
3
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
Section 4A - Data and Calculations
Total Particulate Matter - Raw Monitoring Data
CEM
Temp
Deg C
-
-
-
CEM
Oxygen
%
--
--
--
SRM
Temp
Deg C
SRM
Press.
Mbar
-
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Date and Time
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
0.0
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-
- -
- -
SRM
Oxygen
%
-
-
-
Table of Results - 4.1
137.0 1001.7
138.0 1001.7
998.8
987.8
--
--
--
--
--
15.5
15.7
15.0
18.8
18.9
1001.7
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to11 2.125 11 15 14:24 25 11 15 16:00
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
not used
25 11 15 11:1625 11 15 09:38
25 11 15 12:14
Table of Results - 4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
9
10
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Linearity Data
1
25 11 15 13:50
0.0
3.2
2.3
2
3
not used
not used
not used
not used
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total Particulate Matter - Standardised Monitoring Data
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
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Total Particulate Matter - Plot 1 - Time series of data
The above data shows that all the parallel test results are below 30% of the ELV as was demonstrated during the QAL2. No
calibration function was determined during the QAL2 and therefore the purpose of the AST is to demonstrate that the dust
concentrations are still below 30% of the ELV. It is recommended that the CEM be set at a high gain factor, and that the installations
response to particulates be tested by a suitably trained / qualified person.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0 1 2 3 4
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
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Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
Oxides of Nitrogen - Raw Monitoring Data
------
24 11 15 17:3124 11 15 17:01
-- 0.0 --
-- --
--
13.2 15.3
16
18.8
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31
13.3 18.7 61.8
18.9
14 24 11 15 22:01
15.4 18.9
17 25 11 15 01:01
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 39.9 13.4 18.8 71.5 15.5
35.1 15.3 18.8
13 15.3
33.0 13.2 62.2 15.215 18.8
25 11 15 00:31 36.9
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
25 11 15 00:01
19.8
not used
--
not used -- --
not used
Sample Date and Time
0.0
24 11 15 22:31 38.8 12.6 18.2 64.1 15.4 18.7
18.7
0.2
Table of Results - 4.1
--
--
3 0.1 -- -- 0.0
--
--
--
not used
not used
9
19.1
19.1 63.2 15.1 19.2
11
37.7 13.1
24 11 15 19:01
CEM
Oxygen
%
CEM Water
%
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 36.6 13.2 18.6 66.6
25 11 15 01:31 37.4
62.9
19.0 63.2
--
--
15.1
2 0.1 --
18.7
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31
63.5
24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31
24 11 15 19:31
13.2 18.8
38.6 13.1 18.9
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)
37.6 13.3 19.0 58.4 15.4
SRM Water
%
--
SRM
Oxygen
%
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to
not used
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
1
2 0.0 0.1
3 0.0 0.1
Oxides of Nitrogen - Standardised Monitoring Data
0.2
Linearity Data
not used
not used
not used
not used
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 137.1 59.2
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 161.6 64.4
15 24 11 15 23:01
Table of Results - 4.2
0.0
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
mg/m3
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
24 11 15 23:31 134.2 52.2
24 11 15 17:01
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 137.8 59.2
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 144.0 58.0
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 142.9 56.8
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 134.1 60.6
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 137.6 55.7
9 130.0 60.6
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 134.0 59.3
24 11 15 17:31
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Oxides of Nitrogen - Plot 1 - Time series of data
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
Oxides of Nitrogen - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
Upper limit at 2 SD
36.9 61.8 24.9 No37.4 63.2
31.6 No
37.6 58.4
Lower limit at 2 SD
44.31
-3.35
25.9 No39.9 71.5
25.31415161718
No
Outlier test data
20.8 No37.7 63.2 25.4
33.0 62.2
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
No
Sample
123
not usednot usednot usednot usednot used
91011
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
DifferenceOutlier (Yes or
No)Data Source
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
0.20.1
00
0.200.10
No
No
NoNo
No
No38.6 63.5 25.0 No35.1 62.9 27.8 No36.6 66.6 30.0 No38.8 64.1
No0.1 0 0.10 No
No
2Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
Average of the differences
Standard deviation of the differences
20.48
11.91
Parallel test data
29.3
1213
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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63.1
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 39.9 13.4
13.3
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 37.4 13.2
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 38.8 12.6
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31
0.2 --
Date and Time
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Sample
2 0.1 --
3 0.1 --
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
33.0 13.2
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 35.1 13.2
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 36.6 13.2
Oxides of Nitrogen - Data used to calculate calibrated values
not used
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
not used
73.0
71.4
9 37.6 13.3
0.0
0.0
18.7
19.0
18.8
0.0
18.8
CEM Water
%
1
18.6
72.8
67.2
69.9
68.3
--
--
1.6
1.6
130.0
134.0
134.1
137.6
144.0
142.9
134.2
137.8
137.1
161.6
18.9
18.2
18.8
1.67
Table of Results - 4.3
1.55
1.55
45.25
45.41
46.38
42.27
44.07
not used
not used
11
Linearity Data
not used
24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 37.7
71.3
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
19.1
71.3
77.4
39.87
47.92
10
-- 1.7
19.0
24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 38.6 13.1
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 36.9
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, %
Oxygen
44.45
44.97
46.64
13.1
24 11 15 17:3124 11 15 17:01
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Calibrated Value Nox (mg/m3) = 1.165 X (CEM reading) + 1.437 mg/m3
Oxides of Nitrogen - The Calibration Function
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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161.6 84.3 31.7 1004.5
71.3 137.1 65.9 13.3 177.7
71.3 137.8 66.5 14.0 195.7
15
14
18
17
137.6 70.4 17.9 318.9
72.8 134.1
1.6 0.0 -1.6 -54.1 2928.0
13
12
11
16
67.2
77.4
74.1 21.5 464.2
Sample
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for 11%
Oxygen
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
Table of Results - 4.5
1 1.7 0.0 -1.7 -54.2 2940.7
10
9
3
2
not used
not used
not used
not used
1.6 0.0 -1.6 -54.1 2928.0
not used
73.0 130.0
61.3 8.8 76.6
71.4 134.0 62.6
57.1 4.5 20.6
10.1 101.8
63.1 134.2 71.1 18.6 344.7
68.3 142.9 74.6 22.1 487.9
69.9 144.0
Oxides of Nitrogen - Data Used for the variability test
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Daily Emission Limit = 400 mg/m³ Measurement Uncertainty = 20%
Kv = the test parameter (for 13 Pairs of Data is 0.9721)
Variability Pass Criteria
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
Oxides of Nitrogen - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
1.96
31.61 < 59.52
Calibration function acceptance test
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
52.56 < 56.44
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry and corected to 11% oxygen
Valid Calibration Range is:
Oxides of Nitrogen - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0 to 150.3 mg/m3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
SR
M,
mg
/m3
(D
ry a
nd
Co
rre
cte
d f
or
Ox
yg
en
)
CEM, mg/m3 (Calibration Function Applied, Dry and Corrected for Oxygen)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
0 to 150.3 mg/m3
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
Oxides of Nitrogen - Valid range & range extension
0 to 286.4 mg/m3
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
It is not possible to extend the range any further
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
1400.0
1600.0
1800.0
0.0 100.0 200.0 300.0 400.0 500.0 600.0 700.0 800.0 900.0
SR
M, m
g/m
3
Calibrated CEM, mg/m3
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to
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to
to
to
to
Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
--
--
--
--
not used
CEM
Oxygen
%
CEM Water
%
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
Date and Time
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)
0.0
0.0
not used
0.0
2
3
--
--
--
Table of Results - 4.1
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
24 11 15 18:01
24 11 15 19:01
24 11 15 21:01
SRM
Oxygen
%
SRM Water
%
Carbon Monoxide - Raw Monitoring Data
8
Sample
24 11 15 23:01
25 11 15 00:01
25 11 15 01:01
25 11 15 02:01 18.8
25 11 15 00:31
25 11 15 01:31
25 11 15 02:31
not used
not used
4
5
6
7
24 11 15 22:31
24 11 15 23:31
106.5
84.8
-2.2
-2.2
-2.2
-2.3
-2.3
-2.3
24 11 15 17:31
not used
not used
not used
24 11 15 20:01
--
--
19.0
13.4
19.1-2.3
15.2
60.0
80.0 --
--
-2.6
-2.6
--
--
15.4
15.1
15.1
--
15.3
15.3
15.4
100.0
-3.4
18.8
18.7
19.0
18.9
18.8
18.6
18.2
18.8
19.1
13.2
24 11 15 22:01
68.0
47.6
26.6
-2.4
24 11 15 19:31
24 11 15 20:31
24 11 15 21:31
--
not used
18.7
--
--
--
--
--
--
0.0
0.0
0.0
-3.2
-3.3
-3.8
-3.3
20.0
-3.3
--
--
18.7
18.7
15.5
40.0
13.2
12.6
13.2
13.3
13.2
--
--
13.1
18.9
18.8
--
15.4
15.3
24 11 15 18:31 13.1
19.8
--
--
not used
not used
-2.3
-2.3
--
13.3
--
--
--
24 11 15 17:01
-2.7
-2.9
18.9
19.2
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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60.0
20.0
0.0
106.5
84.8
40.0
2
3
1 0.0
0.0
100.0
80.0
68.0
47.6
26.6
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
mg/m3
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0
Carbon Monoxide - Standardised Monitoring Data
0.0
0.0
Linearity Data
4
5
6
7
8
Table of Results - 4.2
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Carbon Monoxide - Plot 1 - Time series of data
-9
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
No
106.5 100.0
Data Source
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
00
00
0.000.00
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
Difference
Upper limit at 2 SD
2
40.0No
Outlier test data
47.6 -7.57 No26.6 20.0 -6.60
Lower limit at 2 SD
3.46
-8.07
Carbon Monoxide - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
0 0 0.00
Standard deviation of the differences
-2.30
2.88
-6.47 No84.8 80.0 -4.77 No68.0 60.0 -7.97 No
NoNo
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
Sample
123
45678
Outlier (Yes or
No)
Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
Average of the differences
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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2
3
4
5
6
Carbon Monoxide - Data used to calculate calibrated values
105.81
Linearity Data
46.5
25.4
7
8
1
83.96
67.04
46.50
25.38--
106.5
84.8
--
Date and Time
67.0
Sample
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
0.0
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
-- -1.4
26.6
--
CEM Water
%
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
-1.4
-1.4
105.8
84.0 80.0
60.0
40.0
Table of Results - 4.3
CEM
calibrated
at CEMs
measuring
conditions
-1.40
0.0
0.0
100.0
20.0
--
--
0.0 --
0.0
0.0
-1.40
-1.40
68.0
47.6
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Calibrated Value CO (mg/m3) = 1.007 X (CEM reading) -1.402 mg/m3
Carbon Monoxide - The Calibration Function
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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4.5
-2.7
-0.9
-4.0
-3.4
0.0
0.0
100.0
80.0
20.025.4
3
4
5
7.6
4.5 19.9
-1.4
105.8
84.0
67.0
46.5
0.8
15.8
11.8
5.4
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for 11%
Oxygen
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
Sample
1.4
-4.0
19.9
19.9
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
0.0 1.4
6
7
8
-1.4
-7.0
-6.5
-5.4
4.5-1.4
Table of Results - 4.5
1
2
-2.3
60.0
40.0
1.4
-5.8
Carbon Monoxide - Data Used for the variability test
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Daily Emission Limit = 50 mg/m³ Measurement Uncertainty = 20%
Kv = the test parameter (for 8 Pairs of Data is 0.9521)
Variability Pass Criteria
3.8 < 7.29
Carbon Monoxide - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
Calibration function acceptance test
3.06 < 7.65
1.96
vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry and corected to 11% oxygen
Valid Calibration Range is:
0 to 5.2 mg/m3
Carbon Monoxide - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
-20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
SR
M,
mg
/m3
(D
ry a
nd
Co
rre
cte
d f
or
Ox
yg
en
)
CEM, mg/m3 (Calibration Function Applied, Dry and Corrected for Oxygen)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
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The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
0 to 5.2 mg/m3
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
It is not possible to extend the range any further
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
0 to 50 mg/m3
Carbon Monoxide - Valid range & range extension
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
-20.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0
SR
M, m
g/m
3
Calibrated CEM, mg/m3
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
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to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
-0.8
not used 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 -0.3 13.2 19.0 -1.5 15.3 18.9
15.2
not used
not used 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 -0.3 13.4 18.8
not used 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31
-0.4 13.2 18.8
--
25 11 15 00:01
24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 -0.3 12.6 18.2
18.8
not used -0.3 13.3
2 0.0 -- -- 0.0 --
8 24.4 -- -- 20.0 --
19.0 -0.1 15.4 19.8
--
7
Zero Values (<5% ELV) --
3 0.0 -- -- 0.0 -- --
0.0 --0.0 ----
Table of Results - 4.1
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
46.4 -- -- 40.0 -- --
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)6 62.4 -- -- 60.0
Sulphur Dioxide - Raw Monitoring Data
18.8
-0.2 13.1 18.9 -0.3
not used 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 -0.2 13.1 19.1
-1.7 15.4 18.7
1
18.6 -1.6 15.3 18.7
80.0 -- --
4 98.1 -- -- 100.0 --
24 11 15 17:3124 11 15 17:01
15.1
19.2
not used 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31
CEM
Oxygen
%
CEM Water
%
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
SRM
Oxygen
%
Sample Date and Time
--
--
5 85.3 -- --
-0.3 13.3 18.7 -0.5 15.4
-0.7 15.5 18.7
not used 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 -0.2 13.2 18.8 -0.6 15.3
-1.1 15.1
SRM Water
%
not used 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31
not used
-0.3 13.2
18.9
19.1
--
25 11 15 00:31
vD ks 0*5.1
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2 0.0 0.0
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
7 40.0 46.4
8 20.0
Table of Results - 4.2
0.0
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
mg/m3
24.4
Linearity Data
5
3 0.0
0.0
4 100.0 98.1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
1
Sulphur Dioxide - Standardised Monitoring Data
0.0
80.0 85.3
6 60.0 62.4
vD ks 0*5.1
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Sulphur Dioxide - Plot 1 - Time series of data
-4.5
-4.0
-3.5
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
46.4 40.0 -6.43
Upper limit at 2 SD
Outlier test data
Outlier (Yes or
No)
2
0.00 No
98.1
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
00
00
0.000.00
5
Sample
1
678
85.3 80.0 -5.30
NoNo
0 0
Lower limit at 2 SD
2.97
-5.49
No24.4 20.0 -4.37 No
Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
100.0 1.93 No
Sulphur Dioxide - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
Data Source
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
Difference
Standard deviation of the differences
-1.26
2.12
23
4
60.0 -2.40 No
Average of the differences
No62.4
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
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--
--
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
--
0.0
0.0
Linearity Data
CEM
Oxygen
%
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
0.5
CEM
calibrated
at CEMs
measuring
conditions
0.45
Table of Results - 4.3
0.45
0.45
99.50
86.605
24.4 --
0.5
0.5
--
63.5
0.0
--
99.5
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
2 0.0 --
3 0.0 --
CEM Water
%
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
7 46.4
Sulphur Dioxide - Data used to calculate calibrated values
--
6
1
4 98.1 --
0.0 --
Date and Time
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Sample
85.3 -- -- 86.6
--
-- 63.48
47.35
25.06
62.4 --
20.0
47.3
25.18
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Calibrated Value SO2 (mg/m3) = 1.01 X (CEM reading) + 0.451 mg/m3
Sulphur Dioxide - The Calibration Function
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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9.2
Sample
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for 11%
Oxygen
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
4.33 0.5 0.0 -0.5 2.1
-7.3 -4.8 23.2
80.0
0.0 -0.5 2.1 4.3
1 0.5 0.0 -0.5 2.1 4.3
Table of Results - 4.5
Sulphur Dioxide - Data Used for the variability test
6 63.5 60.0 -3.5 -0.9 0.9
5 86.6
47.3
8
7
25.1 20.0
2 0.5
-2.5 6.4
40.0
-6.6 -4.1 16.6
4 99.5 100.0 0.5 3.0
-5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Daily Emission Limit = 50 mg/m³ Measurement Uncertainty = 20%
Kv = the test parameter (for 18 Pairs of Data is 0.9803)
Variability Pass Criteria
Sulphur Dioxide - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
Calibration function acceptance test
2.53 < 6.02
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
1.96
2.23 < 7.5
vD ks 0*5.1
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vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry and corected to 11% oxygen
Valid Calibration Range is:
0 to 10.7 mg/m3
Sulphur Dioxide - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
SR
M,
mg
/m3
(D
ry a
nd
Co
rre
cte
d f
or
Ox
yg
en
)
CEM, mg/m3 (Calibration Function Applied, Dry and Corrected for Oxygen)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
0 to 50 mg/m3
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
It is not possible to extend the range any further
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
0 to 10.7 mg/m3
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
Sulphur Dioxide - Valid range & range extension
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0
SR
M, m
g/m
3
Calibrated CEM, mg/m3
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
15.3
15.5
0.0
0.0
18.9
18.9
13.1
13.1
13.2
25 11 15 00:01
25 11 15 01:01
not used
not used
--
--
15.1
15.1
15.3
15.3
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
4.0
--
15.4
15.2
12.0
16.0
20.0
0.0
--
19.1
19.2
3
4
5
6
7
24 11 15 18:31
24 11 15 19:31
--
--
--
--
18.8
15.4
24 11 15 20:31
24 11 15 21:31
-0.4
18.7
18.7
18.8
18.7
18.8
18.6
not used
not used 18.8
13.2
13.4
-0.3
24 11 15 23:01
18.2
18.8
18.7
19.0
13.3-1.5 19.0
24 11 15 18:01
24 11 15 19:01
24 11 15 20:01
24 11 15 21:01
24 11 15 22:01
--
--
--
24 11 15 17:31
13.2
12.6
13.2
--
19.1
18.9
-0.1
--
--
--
--
--
--
--
-- --
--
--
--
8.0-- --
--
15.4
--
--
--
24 11 15 17:01
0.0
0.1
19.8
13.3
24 11 15 22:31
24 11 15 23:31 -0.3
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
SRM
Oxygen
%
SRM Water
%
0.2
--
Sample Date and Time
0.2
17.1
13.6
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)
0.2
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
0.0
Table of Results - 4.1
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
CEM Water
%
10.0
6.3
25 11 15 02:01
not used
8
not used
not used
not used
not used
not used
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
3.2
25 11 15 00:31
25 11 15 01:31
25 11 15 02:31
2 --
Hydrogen Chloride - Raw Monitoring Data
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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12.0
8.0
4.0
Table of Results - 4.2
6.3
3.2
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.0
16.0
Linearity Data
1
2
3
4
5
6
Hydrogen Chloride - Standardised Monitoring Data
7
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
mg/m3
8
0.2
17.1
13.6
10.0
vD ks 0*5.1
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Hydrogen Chloride - Plot 1 - Time series of data
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
Hydrogen Chloride - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
0.21
123
0.71
6.3 8.0 1.67 No3.2 4.0 0.83 No
Sample
Outlier test data
45
2Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
No
No
17.1 20.0 2.94 No13.610.0 12.0 2.04 No
Data Source
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
DifferenceOutlier (Yes or
No)
0.210.210
Lower limit at 2 SD
2.72
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data678
16.0 2.36
0.210.21
0 NoNo
0.21 0
Upper limit at 2 SD
-0.12
Average of the differences
Standard deviation of the differences
1.30
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Linearity Data
Sample
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
1
2
3
4
5
6
Date and Time
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Hydrogen Chloride - Data used to calculate calibrated values
0.0
13.210.0
--
--
--
--
--
7
8
8.0
-1.2
-1.2
23.7 20.0
16.0
12.0
3.1
--
--
0.0
0.0
--
7.8
4.0--
--
13.6
6.3
--
--
--
0.2 --
0.2
0.2
-1.24
-1.24
-1.24
23.68
18.62
13.18
7.80
3.13
CEM
calibrated
at CEMs
measuring
conditions
17.1
3.2
CEM Water
%
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
18.6
--
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
-- -1.2
Table of Results - 4.3
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Calibrated Value HCl (mg/m3) = 1.479 X (CEM reading) -1.553 mg/m3
Hydrogen Chloride - The Calibration Function
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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-2.6
-1.2
0.0
7
8
13.2
7.8
3.1
-1.2 0.0 1.2 1.6 2.5
-1.2
-1.2
23.7
18.6
1.6
1.6
-3.3
-2.3
-0.8
0.5
1.24.0
0.3
1.5
0.2
0.9
Sample
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for 11%
Oxygen
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
Hydrogen Chloride - Data Used for the variability test
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
Table of Results - 4.5
5
6
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
1
2
3
4
0.0
20.0
16.0
12.0
1.2
1.2
-3.7
2.5
2.5
11.2
5.2
0.7
8.0
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Daily Emission Limit = 10 mg/m³ Measurement Uncertainty = 40%
Kv = the test parameter (for 8 Pairs of Data is 0.9521)
Variability Pass Criteria
Calibration function acceptance test
0.34 < 3.34
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
Hydrogen Chloride - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
1.96
1.94 < 2.91
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry and corected to 11% oxygen
Valid Calibration Range is:
Hydrogen Chloride - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0 to 2.2 mg/m3
0
5
10
15
20
25
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
SR
M,
mg
/m3
(D
ry a
nd
Co
rre
cte
d f
or
Ox
yg
en
)
CEM, mg/m3 (Calibration Function Applied, Dry and Corrected for Oxygen)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Hydrogen Chloride - Valid range & range extension
0 to 2.2 mg/m3
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
0 to 8.5 mg/m3
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
It is not possible to extend the range any further
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
SR
M, m
g/m
3
Calibrated CEM, mg/m3
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen Correction required
0.0 --
--
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Linearity Data
(shown in mg/m3)
-0.1 0.0
not used 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 0.3 13.2
not used 18.6
not used 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 0.3 13.4 18.8 0.0 15.5
25 11 15 00:31 0.3
18.2 0.0 15.40.3 12.6
0.0
24 11 15 17:3124 11 15 17:01
19.0 0.0 15.3
19.1
0.0 15.2 18.8
19.2
19.0 0.0 19.8
24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 0.2 13.1
15.3 18.8
18.7
15.4 18.9
24 11 15 23:31 0.3 13.2 18.8
13.3
not used 25 11 15 00:01
-0.1 --
4 15.6 --
--
8 3.1 -- -- 3.0 -- --
7 6.3 -- -- 6.0 --
6 9.5
--
5
--
3 -0.1 -- -- 0.0 -- --
2 --
not used
not used
0.2
-- -- 9.0 --
12.4 -- -- 12.0
not used 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 0.2 13.2 18.8 0.0
not used 24 11 15 23:01
not used 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 0.2 13.1 18.9
18.7
SRM
Oxygen
%
SRM Water
%Sample Date and Time
------
VOC - Raw Monitoring Data
--
-- --
--
15.0 --
1
Table of Results - 4.1
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
CEM Water
%
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
mg/m3
0.024 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 0.3 13.2
18.7
18.9
15.3
15.4
not used 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31
19.1 0.0 15.1
13.3 18.7 0.0
15.1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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VOC - Standardised Monitoring Data
-0.1
-0.1
15.6
5 12.0 12.4
7 6.0 6.3
8 3.0 3.1
2 0.0 -0.1
3 0.0
15.0
Linearity Data
4
6 9.0 9.5
Table of Results - 4.2
0.0
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
mg/m3
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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VOC - Plot 1 - Time series of data
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
VOC - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
6.3 6.0 -0.273.1 3.0 -0.13 No
No
Outlier test data
9.578
3
456 -0.50 No
Lower limit at 2 SD
0.03
Sample
12
2Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
Average of the differences
Standard deviation of the differences
-0.25
0.14 -0.53
-0.06NoNo
-0.06 0 -0.06 No
15.6 15.0 -0.60 No12.4 12.0 -0.40 No
9.0
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
DifferenceOutlier (Yes or
No)Data Source
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
-0.06-0.06
00
-0.06
Upper limit at 2 SD
-0.70
-0.60
-0.50
-0.40
-0.30
-0.20
-0.10
0.00
0.10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
mg
/m3)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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--
6 9.5 --
7 6.3 --
8 3.1 --
Linearity Data
4 15.6
5 12.4
--
-0.1 --
Date and Time
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
Sample
2 -0.1 --
3 -0.1 --
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
mg/m3
CEM
Oxygen
%
1
CEM Water
%
--
12.6
9.6
6.4
3.2
--
-- 3.0
15.0
0.0
--
--
--
--
--
6.0
0.0
0.0
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
VOC - Data used to calculate calibrated values
-0.1
-0.1
12.0
-0.1
15.8
CEM
calibrated,
Dry and
corrected
for, 11%
Oxygen
Table of Results - 4.3
CEM
calibrated
at CEMs
measuring
conditions
-0.07
-0.07
-0.07
15.83
12.58
9.64
6.35
3.17
9.0
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
VOC - The Calibration Function
Calibrated Value TVOC (mg/m3) = 1.015 X (CEM reading) -0.006 mg/m3
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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1 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1
8 3.2 3.0 -0.2 0.1 0.0
Sample
CEM Dry
and
corrected
for 11%
Oxygen
SRM
Corrected
Value*
y is
mg/m3
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
Table of Results - 4.5
6.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.0
3 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1
2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1
6 9.6
15.0 -0.8 -0.5 0.3
5 12.6 12.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.1
4 15.8
VOC - Data Used for the variability test
9.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.1
7 6.4
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Daily Emission Limit = 10 mg/m³ Measurement Uncertainty = 30%
Kv = the test parameter (for 8 Pairs of Data is 0.9521)
Variability Pass Criteria
VOC - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
1.96
0.36 < 2.19
Calibration function acceptance test
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
0.3 < 1.77
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry and corected to 11% oxygen
Valid Calibration Range is:
VOC - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0 to -2 mg/m3
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
SR
M,
mg
/m3
(D
ry a
nd
Co
rre
cte
d f
or
Ox
yg
en
)
CEM, mg/m3 (Calibration Function Applied, Dry and Corrected for Oxygen)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
It is not possible to extend the range any further
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
0 to -2 mg/m3
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
0 to 10 mg/m3
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
VOC - Valid range & range extension
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
-5.0 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
SR
M, m
g/m
3
Calibrated CEM, mg/m3
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - CEM data requires the following corrections to be expressed at STP, Dry and 11 % O2
Moisture Correction required
Oxygen - Raw Monitoring Data
Sample Date and Time
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
%
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 13.2 19.0 15.3 18.9
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 13.4 18.8 15.5 18.7
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 13.2 18.8 15.2 18.8
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 13.3 18.7 15.4 18.9
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 13.2 18.6 15.3 18.7
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 12.6 18.2 15.4 18.7
3 0.0 -- 0.0 --
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 13.1 18.9 15.1 19.1
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 13.2 18.8 15.3 18.8
--
9 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 13.3 19.0 15.4 19.8
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 13.1 19.1 15.1 19.2
not used
Linearity Data
--
not used --
not used --
not used --
not used
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0 -- 0.0 --
2 0.0 -- 0.0 --
Table of Results - 4.1
CEM Water
%
SRM
Measured
Value
yi
%
SRM Water
%
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 15.5 13.4
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 15.4 12.6
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 15.2 13.2
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 15.4 13.3
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 15.3 13.2
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 15.1 13.1
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 15.1 13.1
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 15.3 13.2
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 15.3 13.2
not used
Linearity Data
not used
not used
not used
not used
9 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 15.4 16.4
Oxygen - Standardised Monitoring Data
Table of Results - 4.2
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
%
CEM Dry
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Oxygen - Plot 1 - Time series of data
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
%)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
Oxygen - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
NoNo
15.1
Upper limit at 2 SD
13.3 15.4 2.12.1 No
13.4 15.5
Outlier test data
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
DifferenceOutlier (Yes or
No)
2Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
Average of the differences
2.2 No
Sample
1
13.3 15.4 2.0 No13.1 15.1 2.0 No
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
Parallel test data
00
00
0.000.00
NoNo
0 0 0.00 No
NoNoNo
2.1 No13.2 15.3 2.0 No12.6 15.4 2.8 No13.2 15.2 2.0 No
15.3
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
No13.2
Standard deviation of the differences
1.64
0.96
23
not usednot usednot usednot usednot used
91011121314
Lower limit at 2 SD
3.56
-0.28
13.1
15.3
2.0 No13.2
Data Source
15161718
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
%)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 13.4 18.8 12.9 15.5
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 13.2 18.8 12.8 15.2
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 13.3 18.7 12.9 15.4
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 13.2 19.0 12.8 15.3
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 13.2 18.8 12.8 15.3
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 13.2 18.6 12.8 15.3
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 12.6 18.2 12.3 15.4
9 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 13.3 19.0 15.9 15.4
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 13.1 19.1 12.7 15.1
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 13.1 18.9 12.7 15.1
not used
Linearity Data
not used
not used
not used
not used
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0 -- 0.2 0.0
2 0.0 -- 0.2 0.0
3 0.0 -- 0.2 0.0
Oxygen - Data used to calculate calibrated values
Sample Date and Time
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
%
CEM Water
%
CEM
calibrated,
Dry
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
%
CEM
calibrated
Table of Results - 4.3
0.22
0.22
0.22
12.91
12.72
12.73
12.83
12.83
12.26
12.80
12.90
12.78
12.94
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Oxygen - The Calibration Function
Calibrated Value Oxygen (%) = 0.953 X (CEM reading) + 0.219 %
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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17 12.8 15.3 2.5 0.8 0.7
18 12.9 15.5 2.6 0.9 0.8
14 12.3 15.4 3.2 1.5 2.3
15 12.8 15.2 2.4 0.8 0.6
16 12.9 15.4 2.5 0.9 0.7
11 12.7 15.1 2.4 0.7 0.5
12 12.8 15.3 2.5 0.8 0.7
13 12.8 15.3 2.4 0.8 0.6
not used
9 15.9 15.4 -0.6 -2.2 5.1
10 12.7 15.1 2.4 0.7 0.5
not used
not used
not used
2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.9 3.6
3 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.9 3.6
not used
Oxygen - Data Used for the variability test
Table of Results - 4.5
Sample CEM Dry
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
%
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
1 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -1.9 3.6
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Surrogate Emission Limit = 25 % Measurement Uncertainty = 10%
Kv = the test parameter (for 13 Pairs of Data is 0.9721)
Variability Pass Criteria
Oxygen - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
1.96
1.39 < 1.86
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
Calibration function acceptance test
1.67 < 1.96
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data, dry
Valid Calibration Range is:
Oxygen - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0 to 20.8 %
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
SR
M,
% (
Dry
)
CEM, % (Calibration Function Applied, Dry)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Oxygen - Valid range & range extension
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
0 to 20.8 %
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
0 to 20.9 %
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
It is not possible to extend the range any further
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
SR
M, %
Calibrated CEM, %
Range extension of calibration function based on linearity data
Min Max Linearity Data SRM v Cal'd CEM extrapolated data Linear (Linearity Data)
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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SRM
Measured
Value
yi
%
Moisture - Raw Monitoring Data
Sample Date and Time
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
%
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 19.0 18.9
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 18.8 18.7
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 18.8 18.8
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 18.7 18.9
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 18.6 18.7
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 18.2 18.7
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 18.9 19.1
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 18.8 18.8
--
outlier 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 19.0 19.8
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 19.1 19.2
not used
Linearity Data
0.0 --
not used 0.0 --
not used 0.0 --
not used 0.0 --
not used 0.0
Table of Results - 4.1
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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to18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 18.7 18.8
14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 18.7 18.2
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 18.8 18.8
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31 18.9 18.7
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 18.9 19.0
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 19.2 19.1
11 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31 19.1 18.9
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 18.8 18.8
13 24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 18.7 18.6
not used
Linearity Data
--
not used --
not used --
not used --
not used --
outlier 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 19.8 19.0
Moisture - Standardised Monitoring Data
Table of Results - 4.2
Sample Date and Time
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
%
CEM
corrected
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
0.0 0.0
2 0.0 0.0
3 0.0 0.0
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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Moisture - Plot 1 - Time series of data
vD ks 0*5.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
%)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Standardised Data
SRM CEM
vD ks 0*5.1
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Note - Outliers are removed where they improve the calibration function, surrogate data outliers are not removed
Moisture - Application of the Calibration Function & Outlier Test
1) Collect raw CEM data and raw SRM data expressed as the same units as CEMs measuring conditions
2) Calculate the difference between SRM and CEM values
3) Calculate the average and the standard deviation of the differences
4) If the difference is greater or smaller than the average by more than two times the standard deviation, then the pair is deemed an
outlier and is rejected.
0.0 -- No0.0 -- No
19.0 19.8 0.8 Yes19.1 19.2 0.2 No18.9 19.1 0.2 No
Outlier test data
AMS at
measured
conditions
SRM at CEMs
Measuring
conditions
DifferenceOutlier (Yes or
No)
2Number of standard deviations used for outlier test
Average of the differences
Standard deviation of the differences
0.15
0.26
Data Source
not usednot usednot used
outlier101112
123
not usednot used
13141516
Lower limit at 2 SD
0.68
-0.38
Upper limit at 2 SD
18.7 18.9 0.2 No19.0 18.9 -0.1 No18.8 18.7 -0.1
Sample
No
Surrogate Zero's
Linearity Data
Parallel test data
0 00
0.000.00
NoNo
0 0 0.00 No
0.0 -- No0.0 -- No0.0 -- No
18.8 18.8 0.1 No18.6 18.7 0.1 No18.2 18.7 0.5 No18.8 18.8 0.0 No
0
The Environment Agency have produced a Guidance Note (Monitoring Quick Guide 14, Jan 2012) which deals with outliers in
monitoring data. That Guidance suggest that the following procedure is the best means of demonstrating that your data is outlier free.
1718
vD ks 0*5.1
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (
%)
Data Point
Comparison of SRM and CEM Data
Outlier point Upper 2 x SD Lower 2 x SD Valid point
vD ks 0*5.1
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14 24 11 15 22:01 24 11 15 22:31 18.2 17.7 18.7
18 25 11 15 02:01 25 11 15 02:31 18.8 18.3 18.7
18.7
Moisture - Data used to calculate calibrated values
Table of Results - 4.3
Sample Date and Time
CEM
Measured
Value
xi
%
CEM
calibrated
SRM
Corrected
Value
y is
%
18.8
1
Zero Values (<5% ELV)
19.1
not used
Linearity Data
0.0 --
not used 0.0 --
not used 0.0 --
not used 0.0
18.9 18.411 24 11 15 19:01 24 11 15 19:31
16 25 11 15 00:01 25 11 15 00:31
0.0
--
not used 0.0 --
15 24 11 15 23:01 24 11 15 23:31 18.8 18.3 18.8
18.2 18.9
17 25 11 15 01:01 25 11 15 01:31 19.0 18.5 18.9
12 24 11 15 20:01 24 11 15 20:31 18.8 18.2
24 11 15 21:01 24 11 15 21:31 18.6 18.1 18.7
0.0 0.2
13
0.2 0.0
outlier 24 11 15 17:01 24 11 15 17:31 19.0 19.8
10 24 11 15 18:01 24 11 15 18:31 19.1 18.5 19.2
0.0
3 0.0
2 0.0 0.2
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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The calibration function is calculated based on parallel test data from an SRM and the CEM during the QAL 2.
The calibration function is described by equation y i = bx i + a , where;
xi is the result of the CEM
y i is the result from the SRM
a is the intercept
b is the slope
The calculated calibration function from the original QAL 2 was:
Moisture - The Calibration Function
Calibrated Value Moisture (%) = 0.961 X (CEM reading) + 0.221 %
vD ks 0*5.1
vD ks 0*5.1
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17 18.5 18.9 0.4 0.0 0.0
18 18.3 18.7 0.4 0.0 0.0
14 17.7 18.7 1.0 0.6 0.4
15 18.3 18.8 0.5 0.1 0.0
16 18.2 18.9 0.7 0.3 0.1
11 18.4 19.1 0.7 0.3 0.1
12 18.2 18.8 0.6 0.2 0.0
13 18.1 18.7 0.6 0.2 0.0
not used
outlier
10 18.5 19.2 0.7 0.3 0.1
not used
not used
not used
2 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.4
3 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.4
not used
Moisture - Data Used for the variability test
Table of Results - 4.5
Sample CEM
SRM Value
y is
%
Difference
of
measured
from
calibrated
Difference
(D - Dmean)
Square of
Difference
(D - Dmean)2
1 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.6 0.4
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The variability is accepted if: Sd ≤ 1.5 x Qo x Kv
Where
Qo is the uncertainty laid down by the Authorities at the emission limit value as a 95% confidence interval.
Qo = Daily Emission Limit Value X Measurement Uncertainty
Where Surrogate Emission Limit = 30 % Measurement Uncertainty = 30%
Kv = the test parameter (for 12 Pairs of Data is 0.9695)
Variability Pass Criteria
Moisture - Variability Test
The next stage of the calibration process is to determine if the proposed calibration function passes the variability test.
Sd is the standard deviation of the differences between the SRM value at Reportable Conditions and the Calibrated CEM value at Reportable
Conditions.
1.96
0.41 < 6.68
CEM HAS PASSED VARIABILITY TEST
Calibration function acceptance test
0.42 < 4.81
CEM HAS PASSED ACCEPTANCE TEST
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Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
Valid Calibration Range is:
Moisture - Plot 2 - Plot of calibrated CEM data versus SRM data
0 to 26.7 %
vD ks 0*5.1
0
5
10
15
20
25
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
SR
M,
%
CEM, % (Calibration Function Applied)
SRM concentrations vs Calibrated and Corrected CEM concentrations
SRM vs CEM Linear (SRM vs CEM)
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Moisture - Valid range & range extension
The valid range of the QAL2 calibrated CEMs at reportable conditions is defined during the QAL2. This is done by
finding the maximum CEM value at reportable conditions and adding 10% to that value. The QAL2 valid range was:
0 to 26.7 %
If after the parallel testing phase of the QAL 2 it was possible to derive a calibration function, but the function has a
limited valid range ie it does not extend to or beyond the emission limit value, then it may be possible to extend the valid
range of the function to which ever is the lowest of either the highest surrogate or 2 x the emission limit value. To do this
there has to be good agreement between the calibration function and the linearity data.
Good agreement is defined as when the two sets of data are overlain they lie within the allowable uncertainty at a 95%
confidence interval at the emission limit value for the parameter in question.
The allowable uncertainty at a 95% confidence interval at the emission limit value is calculated by applying the Qo
equation which is also used in the test of variability.
The data from the QAL 2 provided an extended range of:
0 to N/A %
Using the data collected from the AST, the range can be extended to:
It is not possible to extend the range any further
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Note - CEMS Functional testing and associated reporting do not form part of ESG's Mcerts accreditation.
Section - Functional Test Report
Internal check of the CEM Yes
Cleanliness of the optical components Not Undertaken
Flushing air supply Not Undertaken
Obstructions in the optical path Not Undertaken
After re-assembly at the measurement location at least the
following shall be checked
N/A
Not Undertaken
Contamination control (internal check of optical surfaces) Not Undertaken
2. Sampling Systems
A visual inspection of the sampling system shall be performed, noting the condition of the following components, when fitted:
Sampling probe Yes
Gas conditioning systems N/A
Pumps Yes
All connections Yes
Sample lines Yes
Power supplies Yes
Filters Yes
The sampling system shall be in good condition and free of any
visible faults, which may decrease the quality of data.
Yes
3. Leak testing
Leak testing shall be performed according to the CEMs
manuals. The test shall cover the entire sampling system.
Yes
4. Zero and Span check
Reference zero and span materials shall be used to verify the
corresponding readings of the CEM.
Yes
In case of non-extractive CEM, zero and span checks shall be
performed using a reference-path free of flue gas before and
after readjustment and after re-assembly of the CEM at the
measurement location.
N/A
EA Proforma Functional Checks
Requirement Yes / No / N/A Notes
1. Alignment and Cleanliness
A visual inspection, with reference to the CEMs manuals, shall be carried out on the following when applicable:
Alignment of the measuring system
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Yes
Reference material concentration approximately 40 % of 2 x the
ELV;
Yes
Reference material concentration approximately 60 % of 2 x the
ELV;
Yes
Reference material concentration approximately 80 % of 2 x
the ELV;
Yes
Reference material with zero concentration; Yes
Section 5 - Functional Checks
EA Proforma Functional Checks
Requirement Yes / No / N/A Notes
5. Linearity
During the calibration/linearity tests the applied concentrations
should be logged onto the DCS to prove the complete system
i.e. concentration applied to the instrument is represented by
the instrument output and identical to the value logged on the
DCS. DCS logged values should be included in the instrument
service report.
Data Checked
The linearity of the CEM's response shall be checked using five
different reference materials, including a zero concentration.
Yes
The reference material with zero concentration, as well as the
reference materials with four different concentrations, shall
have a verifiable quantity and quality.
Yes
After each change in concentration, the first instrument reading shall be taken after a time period equal to at least three times the
response time of the CEM. At each reference material concentration, at least three readings shall be made, six readings shall be
taken at zero. The time period between the start of each of the three readings shall be separated by at least four times the response
time.
Note
Where no other method is possible, the linearity can also be performed with the aid of reference materials such as grating filters or
gas filters.
The linearity shall be calculated and tested using the procedure as given in EN 14181 annex B. If the CEM does not pass this test,
then the problem shall be identified and rectified.
6. Interferences
A test shall be undertaken if the process gases to be monitored
contain components that are known interferences, as identified
during QAL1.
N/A
7. Zero and Span drift (Audit)
The zero point and span drift shall be obtained from and
evaluated on the basis of the records of QAL3.
Yes
8. Response Time
The response time of the CEM shall be checked. This can be
performed, if appropriate, by feeding of the reference material
at the end of the sampling probe. The response time shall not
exceed the measured value that has been identified during
QAL1.
Yes
In case of gaseous reference materials, these four reference
materials can be obtained from different gas cylinders or can be
prepared by means of a calibrated dilution system from one
single gas concentration.
Yes
The reference material concentrations shall be selected such
that the measured values are at approximately 20 %, 40 %, 60
% and 80 % of the range of two times the emission limit value.
It is necessary to know the values of the ratios of their
concentrations precisely enough so that an incorrect failure of
the linearity test does not occur. The dry test reference material
shall be applied to the inlet of the CEM.
The individual CEMs are tested using the following concentrations applied in a randomised sequence:
Reference material with zero concentration; Yes
Reference material concentration approximately 20 % of 2 x the
ELV;
Yes
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Section 5 - Functional Checks
EA Proforma Functional Checks
Date and time work was undertaken Yes
Certification details Yes
Compliance with MCERTS (including certificate no.) Yes
9. Service Report
As a minimum requirement the service report should include the following:
Document reference for work instruction for the type of work
being undertaken
Yes
Instrument manufacturer Yes
Instrument type Yes
Instrument model Yes
Instrument Serial No Yes
Name and signature of service engineer Yes
Instrument configuration including computer file and name if
available
Yes
Operating principle Yes
Equipment used – type, serial no’s, calibration dates Yes
Gases used – certificate numbers, expiry dates, binary / mix Yes
Calibration and linearity data as required by EN14181 Yes
Operating range Yes
Measuring condition Yes
Logged data for period of calibration and linearity Yes
Location Yes
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Control Box DGM Horiba PG-250 Analyser Laboratory Balance
Box Thermocouples JCT JCC P-1 Cooler Tape Measure
Meter In Thermocouple MAK 10 Cooler Stopwatch
Meter Out Thermocouple FT-IR Protractor
Control Box Timer FT-IR Oven Box Barometer
Umbilical Bernath 3006 FID Digital Micromanometer
Oven Box Signal 3030 FID Digital Temperature Meter
Probe Servomex Stack Thermocouple
Probe Thermocouple JCT Heated Head Filter Mass Flow Controller
Probe Thermo FID Mass Flow Control Box
Probe Thermocouple Stackmaster 1m Heated Line (1)
Probe 1m Heated Line (2)
Probe Thermocouple 1m Heated Line (3)
S-Pitot 5m Heated Line (1)
L-Pitot 5m Heated Line (2)
Site Balance 10m Heated Line (1)
Last Impinger Arm 10m Heated Line (2)
Dioxins Cond. TC 15m Heated Line (1)
Callipers 15m Heated Line (2)
Small DGM 20m Heated Line (1)
Heater Controller 20m Heated Line (2)
- 03.CD
11.61 -
Section 6 - Calibrateable Equipment Checklist
- 5854
- -
END OF REPORT
9.29 12.2 15.21
3.02
10.61 - -
- -
16.5
- - 15.7
-
3.165
- 8.17
-
- - -
- FTIR Heater Box for - -
- - -
6.7 -
- -
23.15 -
- -
- -
15.1F -
Extractive Sampling Instrumental Analyser/s Miscellaneous
Equipment Equipment I.D. Equipment Equipment I.D. Equipment Equipment I.D.
12.8 20.2
10.2A - 17.6
10.2B 5854 -
Ecophysics Analyser
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