Brutalism Architecture (EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.)

CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURAL TRENDS AND THEORIES

DEEPIKA VERMA

M. Arch. (1ST Sem)

BRUTALISM

EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.


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Introduction

The term originates from the French béton brut, or

"raw concrete".

Brutalism is an architectural style that spawned

from the Modernist architectural movement and

which flourished from the 1950s to the1970s.

The early style was largely inspired by the work of

Swiss architect, Le Corbusier(in particular his Unite

de habitation building) and of Mies Van der Rohe.

Le Corbusier use the term brutalism to describe his

own work, though it was originally COINED BY the

British architects Alison and Peter Smithson.

The term eventually became part of the common

architectural lexicon when Reyner Banham used it in

his book, “New Brutalism”


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Introduction When used in describing architecture, brutalism

refers to a :-

Brutalist buildings are usually

formed with striking blockish,

geometric, and repetitive

shapes, and often reveal the

textures of the wooden forms

used to shape the material,

which is normally rough,

unadorned poured concrete.

- Dynamic Geometric

Style That Is Massive

- Monolithic

- Blocky In Appearance

- Typically Contains

Poured Concrete

Ernő Goldfinger :

Trellick Tower,

London, 1966–1972,


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STRONG BOLD SHAPES.

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

LARGENESS OF SCALE , STRONG.

OFF FORM CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION.

LARGE AREAS OF BLANK WALL.

DIAGONAL , SLOPING OR STRONG CURVED

ELEMENTS CONTRASTING WITH HORIZONTAL AND

VERTICAL MEMBERS.

BRUTALIST BUILDING MATERIALS ALSO INCLUDE

BRICK, GLASS, STEEL.

THE EXPOSURE OF THE BUILDING'S FUNCTIONS —

RANGING FROM THEIR STRUCTURE AND SERVICES

TO THEIR HUMAN USE—IN THE EXTERIOR OF THE

BUILDING.

CHARACTERISTICS


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Leading Brutalists

Architects associated with the brutalist style

include-

Le-Corbusier with his works across the world,

Paul Rudolph one of the masters in Brutalism,

Japanise architect Kenzo Tange,Erno goldfinger,

Husband-wife Peter and Alison Smithsor, members

of Team X.

Outside Britain Louis Kahn with government

buildings in Asia,

Charles Correa with residential buildings,

More recent Modernists such as I.M Pie and Tadao

Ando have also designed notable Brutalist works.


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Le-corbusier

Le Corbusier used to

describe the poured concrete

with which he constructed

many of his post-World War II

buildings.

First architect to make use of

rough caste concrete.

He was the most admired and

criticized architect of the

last century.

Acceptance of vernacular as

a valid mode of architectural

expression.

Unité d' Habitation is

arguably the most influential

Brutalist building of all time.


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Le-corbusier

Unite d’habitation,

Marseille, France,

1947-1952.

Notre Dame du Haut Chapel,

Ronchamp, France, 1955.

CHARACTERISTICS

strong bold shapes.

r.c.c. structures.

off form concrete structure.

diagonal , sloping or strong

curved elements contrasting

with horizontal and vertical

members.

the exposure of the building's

functions: structure and

services.

CHARACTERISTICS

strong bold shapes.

r.c.c. structures.

largeness of scale.

off form concrete

construction.


curved elements contrasting

with horizontal and vertical

members.


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PAUL RUDOLPH

Inspired by Corbusier.

Use of highly textured

concrete surface.

Hammering technique

evolved to achieve a

visually enriching

tectile quality in

concrete exposing the

inner aggregate.

Innovative use of

FORM WORK to

enhance visual quality

of concrete such as

ribbed wood forms.


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PAUL RUDOLPH

Yale Art and Architecture Building,

New Haven, Connecticut, 1963

TEMPLE STREET PARKING GARAGE, NEW

HEAVEN, CT, 1959-1963

CHARACTERISTICS

strong bold shapes.

r.c.c. structures.

largeness of scale .

visually enhancing tectile

quality in concrete

blank walls.


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KANZO TANGE Kenzo Tange is the Pritzker-

Prize Winning Japanese

architect who define Japan’s

post-WWII emergence into

Modernism.

Believed in fusion of

traditional and modern

architecture after 1960’s

Influenced by Le-

corbusier

Took inspiration from the

nature

Appealing to emotions and

senses

Justification of function

Justification of design

Need of symbolism


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KANZO TANGE

Tange’s own home, Japan, 1953

National gymnasium , The Yoyogi

Park, Tokyo, 1961-1964.

CHARACTERISTICS

strong bold shapes.

reinforced concrete structures.

largeness of scale , strong.

off form concrete construction.


curved elements.

CHARACTERISTICS

inspired from le cobusier’s

villa savoye

horizontal and vertical

members.

use of brutalist building

materials r.c.c., brick,

glass, steel.


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Erno goldfinger

Hungarian-born architect

and designer of furniture

Prominently remembered

for designing residential

tower blocks.

Family business was

forestry and saw-mills,

which led Goldfinger to

consider a career in

engineering


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Erno goldfinger

Balforn Tower,

London, England,

1965-1967

trellick Tower,

London, England,

1972

CHARACTERISTICS

strong bold shapes.

reinforced concrete

structures.

largeness of scale ,

strong.

use of brutalist

building materials

brick, glass, steel.

the exposure of the

building's functions


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Team x ( New Brutalism / Structuralism) Group formed by younger generation of CIAM members.

They disgraced with the founding ideologies of CIAM

Opposed brutalism original concept.

Two different movements emerged from Team 10:

the New Brutalism of the English members (Alison and

Peter Smithson) and the Structuralism of the Dutch

members (Aldo van Eyck and Jacob Bakema).

a small family group

of architects who

have sought each

other out because

each has found the

help of the others

necessary to the

development and

understanding of

their own individual

work.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brutalism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structuralism_(architecture)


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Team x

Peter and Alison Smithson :

Hunstaton School,

Hunstanton, England, 1954

It was designed by the intellectual

architectural couple, Peter and Alison

Smithson and was one of the most

popular works by the Smithsons. the

school was strikingly modern in many

ways, most notably in its extensive use

of glass and steel, and the unusual

free-standing water tower. It is often

regarded as the first important

example of the movement which came to

be known as New Brutalism


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Louis Kahn

An American architect

Served as a design critic

and professor of

architecture at Yale

School of

Architecture from 1947

to 1957.

Created a style that was

monumental and

monolithic; his heavy

buildings do not hide

their weight, their

materials, or the way they

are assembled.

Kahn's works are

considered as monumental

beyond modernism.


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Louis Kahn

jatiyo sangsad bhaban, (parliament of

bangladesh), sher-e-bangla nagar, dhaka,

1961-1982

CHARACTERISTICS

STRONG BOLD SHAPES.

REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES.

LARGENESS OF SCALE , STRONG.

LARGE AREAS OF BLANK WALL.


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Concrete building criticized due to weathering effects

in every weather condition excluding the deserts.

Concrete building criticized due to weathering effects

in every weather condition excluding the deserts

CRITICISM

Water staining due to moisture

Algae formation and discoloration

Chosen to cater economically

weaker Community.

people highly dissatisfied with the

space and the boxtype buildings.


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CONCLUSION

War-ravaged Britain wanted a solution that looked

modern and forward-thinking and that fitted with the

excitement that followed the initial post-war

depression.

The New Brutalism pioneered in France by Le

Corbusier.

An undeniably honest approach to architecture that

demanded form follow function and avoided

unnecessary flourishes.

The Brutalist approach was all about showing off the

materials from which the building was made, about

sharp angles, rough surfacing and exposed services.

Brutalist architecture was a relatively short-lived

fashion but due to the large number of building

projects going on at the time of its peak leaves a

lasting legacy.


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THANK YOU

Brutalism Architecture (EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.)

Education

Transcript of Brutalism Architecture (EXPLORING VERSATALITY OF R.C.C.)