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RESEARCH TITLE:-

EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM

IN PUNE.

January 10, 2010

PREPARED BY- AARTI BORKAR 9102 MANISH GUPTA 9126 RAHUL MAHAJAN 9138 RAKESH KUMAR 9141 RAVI SHARMA 9142 SACHIN SHINDE (TL) 9150

KOHINOOR BUSINESS SCHOOL, KHANDALA

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We take this opportunity to thank “Kohinoor Business School, Khandala”, for giving us

the opportunity to do this project.

There are people who simply by being they are influence and inspire us to do things.

We acknowledge our gratitude and indebtedness to our guide and our BRM faculty

MR. Shravan Krishnamurthy who was a source of continuous guidance and inspiration

to us and without his guidance and motivation this report could not have seen the

light of the day.

Finally, we would like to give our special thanks to our parents and friends for their

motivation and valuable suggestions.

Rakesh kumar Rahul Mahajan

Sachin L.Shinde Manish Gupta

Aarti Borkar Ravi Sharma

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Table of Contents Background..................................................................................3-6

What is BRTS? Characteristics of a BRT System Need for B R T S.

Main Research Objective............................................................................7

The Methodology........................................................................................8

The Sample...................................................................................................9

Limitations of Sampling.............................................................................10

Findings………………………………………………………..………11-18

Findings from

survey……………………………………………………………………………

…………

Findings of data collected from

PMPML………………………………………………………….

Conclusions and Recommendations...............................................................................19-27

Appendices

Questionnaires……………………………………………………… A) For BRTS management(PMPML)………………………………………………………………… B) For Commuters of BRTS……………………………………………………………………………... C) For Drivers and Conductors of BRTS……………………………………………………………. D) For Non-commuters of BRTS……………………………………………………………………….

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TITLE Efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit System in Pune

BACKGROUND

What is BRTS?

Bus Rapid Transit System or BRTS is a bus based high quality, high capacity rapid

transit system that delivers fast, comfortable and cost effective urban mobility. In a

BRTSystem , vehicles travel in exclusive lanes, thus avoiding traffic congestion. There is

provision of Segregated right – of – way infrastructure, rapid and frequent bus

operations, easy boarding and alighting facilities for the passengers and excellence in

marketing and customer service.

BRTS combines the performance and amenities of a modern rail based transit system

with the flexibility and cost advantages of roadway transit. BRTS can be built in

phases with future expansion options. BRTS is a cost effective transit option available

to improve the environment, enhance mobility and promote livable cities.

Characteristics of a BRT System

Some of the characteristics of a BRT system which distinguishes it from a normal bus service are:

Segregated bus lanes.

Prepaid / Automated ticketing systems.

Safe, secure and accessible stations.

Platform level boarding.

Quality service.

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Need for B R T S

There is increase in the use of personal transport in the urban area. The rapid

growth in the number of motor vehicles has resulted in severe traffic congestion and

air pollution in many cities of the country. The Central and State Government have

been deliberating to handle the ways of providing feasible options of mass

transportation.

The fathers of the Pune city identified the main areas of concern for the city

traffic as :

Insufficient public transport

Inefficient public transport

Increase in personal vehicles

Escalated traffic congestion,

Speed reduction and time delay,

Increased trip lengths

Environmental pollution

Degradation of quality of life

Some important Facts and Figures about Pune:

Population (2009 estimate): 52,74,211

Area : 244 Sq.Kms.

Pune Once the “Cycle City” is now a “Motor Cycle City”

Total registered vehicles = 1350210 out of which 1017753 are

two wheelers (March 2006)

Average no. of vehicles per family – 3.6

Hub for the Automobile Industry

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Increasing concerns of air pollution – Pune is the 13th most polluted city in India

The Pune Municipal Transport (PMT) through a fleet of 850 buses fulfills the need for

Public transport and another 150 leased totaling to 1000 buses.

Total of Buses- 1000

Average number of buses operational daily 700

Total Routes -287

Total number of daily trips by theses buses 14056

Total Number of Depots 9

Daily average earning through sale of tickets about Rs 3600000

Daily average expenses to run the buses about Rs 4500000

The other popular public transport system is the 3-wheeled Auto-rickshaws which are

about 65,000 in Pune city.

Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) was launched by the

Ministry of Urban Development during the financial year, 2005-06. Under JNNURM,

cities with population over four million get 35 percent of the funding from the Centre,

while 15 percent would be provided by the State of one to four million people, the

Centre would fund 50 percent of the project cost, while the remaining needs to be

contributed by the State and Urban Local Body (ULB). For the C category cities with less

than one million populations, 80 percent comes from the Central Government and the

rest comes from the State Government and ULB.

Pune city became the first city in the country with the inauguration of B R T S on

the 2nd Dec 2006. The pilot route selected for the B R T S is the Swargate–Katraj-

Hadapsar. Rs 62.31 Crores were allocated for this route.

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Research Objective

The objectives of the Study were formulated as below

• To find out the opinion of the users , non-users, drivers & conductors and

management i.e. Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Ltd. (PMPML) of Public

Transport about the B R T S in Pune city.

• To investigate whether the commuters are comfortable enough to cross the road in

order to board/alight the bus.

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Methodology: The best suited method for data collection was identified as conducting questionnaire

method of survey considering accuracy and perfectness of response, along with time

constraint for survey . Secondary data collection method was also used for gathering

some important facts and figures about BRTS in pune.

A probability sampling technique was used for the research. Swargate and

katraj were visited for collecting data as these two are most important areas in which

BRTS is followed.

During 2nd week of January 2010 i.e. on 7th of January data was collected

from the sample of 60 respondents.

For interpretation of the data we used Data presentation along with some

apposite quantitative statistical methods and tools such as MS Excel.

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TOTAL SAMPLE

For a good and useful research, taking right decision on sampling method as well

as sample size is very important. These decision are based on many factors such as

cost, time, title, use etc. For our research, time was a constraint for us as we had

get all data in one day that too in few hours. Therefore sample size we come up

with was sixty (60). This sample consist of users, non- users and drivers. We also

collected data from management of BRTS (PMPML) by giving them a questionnaire.

The break-up of our sample is as follows:-

Users of BRTS----------------------- 40.

Non-users of BRTS----------------- 10

Drivers & conductors(BRTS)--------------- 10

In addition to this we also collected data from PMPML office at Swargate.

PIE CHART SHOWING BREAK-UP OF TOTAL SAMPLE

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LIMITATIONS OF SAMPLING

During data collection we also encountered some problems such as lack of time

which made our sample some what small.

We also faced some problem on language front as some of our research team

member were not knowing Marathi and few of the respondents were not feeling

comfortable while giving answer in Hindi as well as English.

As we started collecting data around 4:30 pm and it was the time of returning

home from offices, colleges and schools due to which some respondents would have

given answers in hurry without thinking on it which could effect our findings.

The biggest problem which we faced in our survey was collecting data from

management (PMPML) as no one was ready to give answers to our questionnaire

stating they are not authorized to speak on behalf of management.

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FINDINGS

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PIE CHART SHOWING OPINION OF USERS :- TRAVELING BY BRTS SAVES TIME.

PIE CHART SHOWING OPINION OF DRIVERS AND CONDUCTORS:-

Per kilometer travel time in BRTS routes is lesser as compared to non – BRTS routes.

Interpretation:

Most of the users agreed on the fact that travelling by BRTS saves time. All the

responded drivers and conductors supported the above finding.

So we can conclude that travelling time has significantly reduced after the

adoption of BRTS.

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BAR GRAPH AND PIE CHART SHOWING OPINION OF USERS ON:

“ Do you feel safe while travelling by BRTS buses?”

OPINION OF DRIVERS AND CONDUCTORS REGARDING THE DECREASE IN ACCIDENT RATE:

INTERPRETATION:

Most of the respondents i.e. commuters and drivers & conductors agreed on the

fact that “Travelling by BRTS is safe” as accident rate has reduced on this route. This

fact is also been verified from the response given by PMPML management.

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PIE CHART SHOWING OPINION OF USERS ON:

“ Do the buses of BRTS run on time?”

INTERPRETATION:

From survey it has been found that most of the respondents and BRTS mangement

agreed on the fact that buses run on time.

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PIE-CHART SHOWING OPINION OF COMMUTERS:-

Is it easier to reach to the BRTS bus stop for boarding the bus?

INTERPRETATION:-

Bus stop for BRT buses is situated in the median lane. Almost two third of the

respondent expressed their opinion that they were not comfortable in crossing the

road in order to board the BRT bus. This fact is also supported by the secondary data

collected from a research report found published on internet.

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OPINION OF USERS ON :-

BRTS provides platform level boarding. Because of this facility how do you

Feel while getting into and stepping out of the bus?

INTERPRETATION:-

Platform level boarding which is being considered as an important feature of BRTS is not fully

Serving the purpose , as one third of the respondent feel very uncomfortable using this facility.

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OPNION OF USERS ON

How do you rate the BRTS service?

(1-LOWEST,5-HIGHEST)

INTERPRETATION:-

More than three fourth of the respondent rated the BRTS service on the scale of

three and more.

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Data collected from PMPML: Average number of people commuting by BRTS daily: 50000-100000.

After introducing BRTS, number of people commuting by this route has

increased by 0-5%.

Overall fuel consumption for buses running under BRTS has decreased by

17-20%

Maintenance cost for BRTS buses is less

Management has also agreed BRTS is more environment friendly in terms of

air pollution.

Management has also favored the idea of expanding BRTS routes

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Research objectives talks about efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit System. The factors

have been taken into consideration for checking the efficiency such as time, safety,

traffic congestion, air pollution, fuel consumption, maintenance cost, crossing of road,

platform level boarding.

From the research it was found that BRTS is efficient in reducing the travel

time. Because of less traffic congestion, Accident rate has decreased. It can also be

concluded that fuel consumption has significantly decreased for BRTS buses which

leads to decrease in air pollution. It has also helped in reducing the maintenance

cost.

It has helped in decreasing the traffic congestion which further lead to less

accident rate so it ultimately helped in increasing the feeling of safety in minds of

commuters while travelling through BRTS buses.

Platform level boarding has also helped in increasing the efficiency of BRTS as

most of the people are comfortable with it.

The only factor that negatively affected efficiency of BRTS is to cross the road in

order to board the bus. Most of the people are finding it is difficult to cross the road

because of segregated lanes.

SUGGESTIONS:

More buses should be added to the BRTS fleet

There should be proper mechanism to reach to the BRTS bus stop easily.

BRT system should also be adopted in other routes of the city.

Scope for further research:

Availability of infrastructure to adopt BRTS in other bus routes of Pune

To find out the best suited mechanism which will allow the commuters to cross the

road in order to board the bus.

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APPENDICIES

QUESTIONNAIRE

(For Management of BRTS) We are students of Kohinoor Business School, Khandala and are members of the research team. Today we are

doing a survey on “EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT

SYSTEM (BRTS) IN PUNE”. This survey will take about 10

minutes. Would you be willing to answer some questions

about BRTS?

1. On an average how many people use BRTS per day?

A) Below 50 thousand

B)50 thousand-1 Lakh

C)1-1.5 Lakh

D)1.5-2 Lakh

E)More than 2 Lakh

2. After introducing BRTS, number of people commuting by this route has

A) Increased

B) Decreased

C) Did not change

D) Can’t say

3. If the number of commuters has increased/ decreased, then by what percentage?

A) 0-5%

B) 7-10%

C) 10-15%

D) 15-20%

E) Above 20%

4. After introducing BRTS, do the number of buses running on time has increased?

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A) Yes

B) No

C) Can’t say

5. The accident rate has reduced after the introduction of BRTS.

A) Strongly agree B) Agree C) Neutral D) Disagree E) Strongly disagree

6. Overall fuel consumption for buses running under BRTS has

A) Increased

B) Decreased

C) Did not change

D) Can’t say

7. If the fuel consumption has increased/ decreased, then by what percentage?

A) 0-4%

B) 5-8%

C) 9-12%

D) 13-16%

E) 17-20%

8. Does BRTS save maintenance cost for buses?

A) Yes

B) No

9. BRTS is more environment friendly than non-BRTS in terms of air pollution.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

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10. BRTS should be adopted in other parts of the city.

A) Favor this idea

B) Don’t favor this idea

C) Oppose this idea

D) Can’t say

THANK YOU!!

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(For Users of BRTS)

We are students of Kohinoor Business School, Khandala

and are members of the research team. Today we are

doing a survey on “EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT SYSTEM (BRTS) IN PUNE”. This survey will take about 10

minutes. Would you be willing to answer some questions

about BRTS?

1. How often you commute by BRTS?

A) Daily

B) Once a week

C) Twice a week

D) Thrice a week

E) More than thrice

F) Just now and then

2. Travelling by BRTS saves time.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

3. Do you feel safe while travelling by BRTS buses?

A) Yes B) No

4. If you want to reach somewhere urgently, will you use BRTS buses?

A) Yes B) No C) Can’t say

5. Do the buses of BRTS run on time?

A) Yes B) No C) Can’t say

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6. Are you satisfied with BRTS buses?

A) Very satisfied

B) Somewhat satisfied

C) Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied

D) Somewhat dissatisfied

E) Very dissatisfied

7. Is it easier to reach to the BRTS bus stop for boarding the bus?

A) Yes B) No

8. BRTS provides platform level boarding. Because of this facility how do you feel while

getting into and stepping out of the bus?

A) Very comfortable

B) Comfortable

C) Uncomfortable

D) Very uncomfortable

9. How do rate the BRTS service?

Worse ( ) 1 ( )2 ( )3 ( )4 ( )5 Best

10. Which of the following factor about BRTS attract you the most?

A) AC Volvo Buses

B) Time Factor

C) Segregated bus lane

D) Platform level boarding

E) Marketing and Branding of BRTS

F) No other alternative available

11. If there should be any changes in BRTS ,what it would be?....Suggest--------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

THANK YOU!

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(For Drivers & conducters 0f BRTS) We are students of Kohinoor Business School, Khandala

and are members of the research team. Today we are

doing a survey on “EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT

SYSTEM (BRTS) IN PUNE”. This survey will take about 10

minutes. Would you be willing to answer some questions

about BRTS?

1) There is reduction in traffic congestion after adoption of BRTS.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

2) It is easier to drive through BRTS routes rather than non-BRTS routes.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

3) Is there any significant difference in accident rates on BRTS and non-BRTS routes?

A) Yes

B) No

C) Can’t say

4) Per kilometer travel time in BRTS routes is lesser as compared to non-BRTS routes.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

5) BRTS is currently adopted in Katraj-Swargate-Hadapsar. Should it be adopted in

other routes in the city?

A) Yes

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B) No

C) Can’t say

THANK YOU!!

(For Non-Users of BRTS) We are students of Kohinoor Business School, Khandala

and are members of the research team. Today we are doing a survey on “EFFICIENCY OF BUS RAPID TRANSIT

SYSTEM (BRTS) IN PUNE”. This survey will take about 10

minutes. Would you be willing to answer some questions

about BRTS?

1) Which mode of transport you most frequently use for travelling?

A) Own vehicles

B) Auto rickshaw

C) Company vehicle (Pick-up and Drop)

2) Which factor prohibits you from using BRTS buses?

A) Crowd

B) Time

C) Lack of frequency of buses D) Safety

E) Can’t say

3) Private vehicles are not allowed to travel through BRTS bus lanes. This led to increase in traffic burden on non-BRTS lanes.

A) Strongly agree

B) Agree

C) Neutral

D) Disagree

E) Strongly disagree

4) In near future (0-3 months), are you thinking of using BRTS buses

for travelling?

A) Yes

B) No

C) Can’t say

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5) your opinion is BRTS beneficial for citizens of Pune?

A) Yes

B) No C) Can’t say

THANK YOU!!

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

WWW.PMPML.ORG WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM WWW.MSRDC.COM WWW.SIAM.IN WILLIAM G.ZIKMUND , BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS.( SOUTH WESTERN CENGAGE LEARNING)